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GSM Cell Parameters N-26
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Page26 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Abnormal Occasion
LA 3
LA 2
LA 1
But I am always
powered on
The subscriber you
dialed has been
powered off
GSM Cell Parameters N-27
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Page27 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reason1 of Abnormal Occasion
BSC
MSC
MS
1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour
GSM Cell Parameters N-28
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Page28 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reason2 of Abnormal Occasion
BSC
MSC
MS
1 Hour 1 Hour 1 Hour
CHAN_ACT
MS BTS BSC
IMM_ASS_CMD
CHAN_ACT_ACK
GSM Cell Parameters N-77
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Direct Retry
Value Range: Yes, No
Default Value : Yes
Description: This parameter indicates the whether the directed retry
on the TCH is allowed. If this parameter is set to Yes, the handover
procedure is used and the MS is handed over to the neighboring cell.
Location: Cell Attributes
In TCH assignment process, if there is no TCH available, hand over can take
place instead of assignment, and this is called direct retry.
Direct retry is not a main measure to solve traffic congestion. Instead, it is only
an emergency operation during traffic peak in local radio network.
If direct retry takes place frequently in a certain part of the radio network, it is
necessary to adjust BTS TRX configuration and even the network layout.
GSM Cell Parameters N-78
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Assignment Cell Load Judge Enable
Value Range: Enable, Disable
Default Value: Disable
Description: When the Assignment Cell Load J udge Enabled is set
to Yes, the direct try flow is allowed if the following two conditions
are met:
The cell supports the direct retry function.
The load of the cell is larger than or equal to the Cell Direct Try
Forbidden Threshold.
Location: Cell Attributes/Call Control/Basic Call Control Parameters
In TCH assignment process, if there is no TCH available, hand over can take
place instead of assignment, and this is called direct retry. Direct retry is not a
main measure to solve traffic congestion. Instead, it is only anemergency
operation during traffic peak in local radio network. If direct retry takes place
frequently in a certain part of the radio network, it is necessary to adjust BTS
TRX configuration and even the network layout.
GSM Cell Parameters N-79
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Cell Direct Try Forbidden Threshold
Value Range: 0~100(%)
Unit: None
Default Value: 50
Description: If the parameter Assignment Cell Load Judge Enabled
is set to Yes, the direct retry process is started and channels are
assigned when the cell supports direct retry and the load of the
current cell is equal to or greater than the value of Cell Direct Try
Forbidden Threshold during channel assignment.
Location: Cell Attributes/Other Attributes/Advanced/Other Parameters
GSM Cell Parameters N-80
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Directed Retry Load Access Threshold
Value Range: 0~100(%)
Unit: None
Default Value : 85
Description: This parameter is used to adjust the candidate target
cells during direct retry.
When target cells are selected during direct retry, only the cells whose
loads are smaller than or equal to the Directed Retry Load Access
Threshold are selected as candidate target cells.
Location: Cell Attributes/Call Control/Basic Call Control Parameters
GSM Cell Parameters N-81
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Min Power Level for Direct Try
Value Range: 0~63 (-110dBm~-47dBm)
Default Value :16
Description: This parameter indicates the selection of candidate cell for
direct try. If the receiving level of the cell exceeds the value of this
parameter, this cell can be selected as candidate target cell.
Location: Cell Attributes/ Handover Data/Advanced/HO Control
GSM Cell Parameters N-82
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Max Resend Times of Phy. Info.
Range Value :1~255
Unit: Times
Default Value :30
Description: This parameter specifies the maximum times Ny1 for re-sending
physical information.
If the number of resending times exceeds Ny1 and BTS still has not received any
correct SAMB frame from MS, BTS will send BSC the connection failure message
and handover failure message.
After BSC receives the messages, it will release the newly assigned dedicated
channel and stop timer T3105.
Location: Cell Attributes/Handover Data/Advanced/Cell HO Data
During the asynchronous handover, MS constantly sends the
handover access Burst to BTS. When BTS detects the Burst, BTS
send physical information to the MS on the main DCCH/FACCH,
and starts timer T3105. At the same time, it sends the
MSG_ABIS_HO_DETECT message to BSC. The physical
information contains related information of different physical layers
so as to guarantee the correct access of MS. If the timer T3105
times out before receiving the SAMB frame from MS, BTS re-sends
physical information to MS.
GSM Cell Parameters N-83
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T3105
Range Value : 0~255
Unit: 10ms
Default Value : 7
Description: When BTS sends physical information to the MS, the BTS
starts the timer T3105. If the timer T3105 times out before receive
the SABM frame from MS, BTS re-sends physical information to MS
and restarts the timer T3105.
Location: Cell Attributes/Handover Data/Advanced/Cell HO Data
When BTS sends physical information to the MS, the BTS starts the timer
T3105. If the timer T3105 times out before receive the SAMB frame from
MS, BTS re-sends physical information to MS and restarts the timer T3105.
The maximum times for re-sending physical information is Ny1.
The physical information is sent through FACCH, which is sent every four
TDMA frames and takes 18 ms. If the value of T3105 is smaller than or
equal to 18 ms, then BTS should re-send the physical information to the
MS when the timer T3105 times out for the first time. This timeout is
meaningless if the physical information sent at the previous time is not sent
on the FACCH because the time is shorter than a FACCH period.
Considering the previous factors, 20 ms is the reasonable minimum value
for this parameter. At present, the default value of this parameter is 70 ms.
GSM Cell Parameters N-84
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Intra-BSC Handover Signaling Flow
MS BTS1 BSC BTS2 MS MSC
Channel_Active
Channel_Active_Ack
Measure Report from MS
HANDOVER COMMAND
Handover Access
Handover_Detect
PHYINFO
PHYINFO
First SABM
Establish_IND
HANDOVER COMPLETE
Handover_Performed
UA
GSM Cell Parameters N-85
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PWRC
Value range: Yes, No.
Default Value: Yes
Description: It is used to indicate MS whether to delete received level value
obtained from the timeslots of BCCH when MS measures receiving level during
base band hopping mode.
When it is set to No, it means the influence of receiving level on BCCH is in
consideration.
If it is set to Yes, process it in the way mentioned above.
Location: Cell Attributes/Other Attributes/Advanced/Public Channel Control
In order to monitor the communication quality of radio link and conduct
power control, both MS and BTS must have measuring function. But the
measurement will encounter some problems when several independent
functions of GSM specification are combined for use. First, GSM
specification allows BCCH frequency to attend frequency hopping
(excluding the BCCH timeslot); secondly, GSM specification allows to
conduct downlink power control for the frequency hopping channel; lastly,
the power of BCCH frequency is not allow to be changed because MS
needs to measure the signal level of the adjacent cells. In the above
conditions, the downlink power control of a channel can only be applicable
to a subassembly of the frequency assembly that the channel is using,
that is, the BCCH frequency during the frequency hopping process cannot
be power-controlled. If MS measures the downlink channel level in
ordinary mode, the measurement result involving the BCCH frequency will
be inaccurate for the power control. To reduce the influence of this
problem upon power control, MS is required to deduct the receiving level
value obtained from the timeslot of BCCH carrier when calculating the
average value of receiving level during frequency hopping. To make MS
execute the above operation, the parameter PWRCshould be set as
yesin the system.
GSM Cell Parameters N-86
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Cell Extension Type
Value Range: Normal cell, Double TS Ext cell
Default Value: Configure this parameter according to the practical
situation.
Description: It indicates whether a cell is an extended cell and the
extended cell mode.
Location: Cell Attributes
The dual timeslot extended cell combines two timeslots to provide sufficient
delay. Theoretically, a maximum TA value of 219 (63+156) is supported, i.e.,
the maximum coverage radius can be 120km theoretically. Dual timeslot
extended cell can be divided into two types: Cell level and TRX level. Versions
after 03.1120A (BTS 00.1130A and latter) support TRX level dual timeslot
extended cell.
For dual timeslot extended cell, MAX TA should be set as 219, or calls may
fail even there are good signals. For the TRX where the main
BCCH/SDCCH/GPRS are located, the concentric circle (HW_IUO Property)
must be set as overlaid subcell, or a prompt of error is displayed. For dual
timeslot TRXsin the dual timeslot extended cell, only the even timeslots are
effective, while the normal TRXsin the dual timeslot extended cell are the
same with the TRXsin normal cell, i.e. eight timeslots are all effective. The RF
hopping of dual timeslot extended cell is similar to that of normal cell. But if
the hopping mode of the dual timeslot extended cell is baseband hopping, the
identical MA group should be applied to TRXsof the same type (either all dual
timeslot TRXsor all normal TRXs), or a prompt of error is displayed.
GSM Cell Parameters N-87
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Max TA
Value Range:
0~63 (Normal cell)
0~255 (Double TS Ext cell)
Unit: Bit period (1 bit = 0.55km)
Default Value
62 for normal cell
219 for dual TS extended cell
Description: Maximum Time Advance. It determines the actual coverage area of
BTS. When BTS receives the channel request message, it determines whether
channel assignment should take place in the current cell by comparing the TA
with the value of this parameter.
Location: Cell Attributes
GSM Cell Parameters N-88
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Interference Band Threshold 0~5
Value Range: 110~85
Unit: -dBm
Default Values
110 ( Interference band threshold 0)
105 ( Interference band threshold 1)
98 ( Interference band threshold 2 )
92 ( Interference band threshold 3 )
87 ( Interference band threshold 4 )
85 ( Interference band threshold 5)
Description: It decides the corresponding value for each interference band
(from band 1 to band 5) and used to measure the uplink interference during
the SDCCH/TCH(F)/TCH(H) timeslot is in idle mode.
Location: Cell Attributes/Other Attributes/Advanced/Other Parameters
When the TCH is idle mode, BTS measures the uplink signal strength and sort
the results into different interference bands and then sends them to BSC. BSC
will use these data as a basic criteria to allocate the channels. Interference can
be divided into six grades according to the interference signal strength. The
signal level used to define the grades is called inference band threshold. Based
on these interference band thresholds, BTS can know which band the current
interference belongs to, and send it to BSC via radio resources indication
messages.
In the traffic statistics system, we can register interference band in cell
measurement function. Interference band 1 to 5 are supported. The definition of
the interference bands are listed below.
Interference band 1 means the interference intensity is below interference band
threshold 1;
Interference band 2 means the interference intensity is between interference
band threshold 1 and 2;
Interference band 3 means the interference intensity is between interference
band threshold 2 and 3;
Interference band 4 means the interference intensity is between interference
band threshold 3 and 4;
Interference band 5 means the interference intensity is above interference band
threshold 4.
GSM Cell Parameters N-89
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Page89 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interference Calculation Period
Value range: 1~31
Unit: SACCH period (480 ms)
Default Values: 20
Description: Before the BTS transmits the radio resource indication message to
the BSC, the interference levels measured on idle channels in the period defined
by this parameter are averaged. The average interference level is used to
classify the interference levels on idle channels into five interference bands. A
too big value of this parameter cannot reflect the change of interference. A too
small value of this parameter wastes the resources.
Location: Cell Attributes/Other Attributes/Advanced/Other Parameters
GSM Cell Parameters N-90
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UL DTX
Value Range: May use, Shall use, Shall not use
Default Value: Shall use
Description: It is used to indicate whether MS uses DTX function. It
shows the DTX state of the MS in the previous measurement period.
Location: Cell Attributes
DTX has very limited influence on the conversation quality. But its application has two
advantages: one is that the interference on radio channel is effectively reduced and a
better average conversation quality can be achieved; the other is that DTX can
considerably reduce the power consumption of MS. Therefore DTX is recommended on
the network.
According to the protocol, MS reports BTS with two kinds of measurement report. One is
called full measurement report. It will average the levels and qualities of 100 timeslots in
the whole measurement cycle (one measurement cycle involves 4 TCH-multi-frames
except idle frames). The other is called sub measurement. It averages the levels and
qualities of 12 timeslots, including eight consecutiveTCH bursts and four SACCH bursts.
According to GSM specification, both BTS and MS should conduct this two kind of
measurement (FULL and SUB) no matter whether the uplink/downlink DTX of the system
is activated or not. Each measurement report of SACCH indicates whether DTX is active
or not. According to this indication, BTS can make the right selection, either FULL or SUB.
GSM Cell Parameters N-91
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DL DTX
Value range: Yes, No
Default Value: Yes
Description: This parameter indicates whether downlink DTX is
used in a cell. The use of downlink DTX is also controlled by the
DTX switch in the MSC. If downlink DTX is forbidden in the MSC,
downlink DTX is not used regardless of the setting of this
parameter. If downlink DTX is allowed in the MSC, the setting of
this parameter can determine whether downlink DTX is used in
the cell.
Location: Cell Attributes
GSM Cell Parameters N-92
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T200 and N200
T200 :
T200 timers are used to avoid deadlock during data transfer on the data link layer.
On the LAPDm layer, every time a message is sent, the opposite end is requested to
acknowledge the reception. If this message is lost for unknown reasons, it will occur
that both ends keep waiting, leading to system deadlock.
Therefore, a timer should be started when the sender sends a message. If the timer
times out, the sender will regard that the receiver has not received the message and
will resend the message.
N200
The maximum resend times are determined by N200.
Different timer values should be set for different LAPDm channels such as SDCCH,
FACCH and SACCH. This is because these channels have different transmission rate.
Location: Cell Attributes/Call Control/Advanced/Timer
GSM Cell Parameters N-93
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Use LAPDm N200
Range: Yes, No
Default Value : No
Description: Determines whether BSC delivers LAPDm N200
parameters to BTS. If it configured as Yes, then LPADm N200
parameters will be delivered to BTS, otherwise not.
Location: Cell Attributes/Call Control/Advanced/Timer
GSM Cell Parameters N-94
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Cell Data Mapping in Different Statuses of MS
Power on
BA2 / RLT / MBR
NCC Allowed / PWRC
Emergent Call Disabled
Call Re-establishment
Forbidden
UL DTX / DL DTX
SACCH Multi -Frames
Max Resend Times of
Phy. Info. / T3105
Max TA
T200 and N200
Use LAPDm N200
TCH immediate
assignment
Immediate assi gnment
optimization
Direct Retry Para.
CGI
BSIC
Select Network
(Network
Identity Para. )
C1(RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN/
MS TXPWR_MAX_CCH)
CBA, CBQ
Cell Selection
(Cell Selection
Para.)
BA1
Interference
Band Threshold/
Interference
Calculation
Period
Idle Mode
(Idle Mode Para.)
ATT
T3212
CCCH Conf
BS_AG_BLKS_RES
BS_PA_MFRAMES
Paging Mode
(Idle Mode Para.)
C2 (CRO,TO,PT,PI)
CRH
DSC
Cell Reselection Mode
(Cell Reselection Para.)
Dedicated Mode
(Call Control Para.)
MS MAX Retrans
ECSC
Common/Special
Access Control
Class
TX-integer / RACH
Min. Access Level
Access Network
(Call Control Para.)
GSM Cell Parameters N-95
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Page95 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Descriptions
1. Cell Parameters Overview
2. Cell Parameters Introduction
3. Case Study
GSM Cell Parameters N-96
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Page96 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Case 1: Island Effect
Case Description
During the process of optimization in a certain area, it is found out
that the signal is poor in a certain section of suburban highway.
The signal strength measured is less than -95dBm.
Handling Procedure
Modify the data in BSC. Add neighbor relationship to Cell A and B
for each other. The coverage problem is thus solved.
C
B
A
-92
-80
-95
Procedure analysis:
The place is located in a highway section in suburb and is about three kilometers away
from downtown. The terrain structure does not fluctuate seriously. Theoretically, the
signal strength should be about -80dBm, which is very different from the actual value
measured. After conducting frequency scanning here, we find that cell A, B and C are
covering here. Their frequencies are Fa, Fb, Fc and signal strength is -95, -80dBm, -
92dBm respectively. After checking the data, it is found that cell B is not configured as cell
As neighbor, thus an island is formed between cell A and B. When MS comes from cell A
goes towards B, it cannot have cell reselection or handover to B and this leads to as if
the coverage near cell B is not good.
GSM Cell Parameters N-97
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Case 2: Incorrect CGI Causes MS
Unable to Register on the Network
Case description
The subscriber complained that MS could not register to the network, or it
was difficult to register to the network between BTS A and B, or no
network mark was displayed on the MS, but MS indicated that the signal
was very good. Some subscribers also complained that MS could make MTC
could not make MOC.
Cause analysis
CGI of the cell was modified. So the network register flow was not normal.
Although the signal was very good, MS could not get registered in the
network.
Default Value and summary
CGI is a very important parameter and should be configured correctly, thus to
ensured that the CGI data in BSC and MSC are the same.
Procedure analysis:
This BTS site originally worked normally. The problem arose recently. Since the subscriber
complained that the problem were most serious near BTS A and B, we decided to check
these two BTS first. First we checked the alarm on BTS A and B, it was normal. Then we
checked the traffic statistics data and found out that the SDCCH requests in cell 2 of BTS A
rose from about 3000 in 17th May to about 6000 in 18th May. The obvious change began
from 7:00 AM on 18th May. At the same time, SDCCH attempt failures rose suddenly to
more than 3000. It was obviously abnormal. And SDCCH congestion rate in cell 3 of BTS A
was about 30%. But the traffic volume, congestion rate, and call drop rate of BTS A is
normal. No abnormal situation is found in BTS Bs traffic measurement. After checking the
SDCCH traffic measurement of all the adjacent cell of BTS A, we found a cell in which times
of SDCCH attempt decreased dramatically. The SDCCH statistics result showed the
problem should exist in cell2 and 3 of BTS A.
Where did the 3000 times of SDCCH requests come from? Analyzed from the failure, we
suspected that the data was modified, so we checked the BSC data operation log. Using
MA10 to trace the network access flow of MS, and we found a lot of LOCATION UPDATE
REJ ECTED messages. Since there was no record of modification of BSC data, we checked
MSCs related cell parameters, and found that CGI of cell 2 and 3 of BTS A were modified.
All the three cells in BTS A were using exactly the same CGI. After correcting the CGI of cell
2 and 3, everything was back to normal.
GSM Cell Parameters N-98
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Case 3: RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN Causes
Signal Fluctuation
Case description
Subscribers complain that the signal fluctuates in a certain area. On-site
test shows that this phenomenon does exist. From the testing mobile, we
can see that there are a lot of cells signals in this area. Some frequencies
are the suburb BTS signals far away from this area. The cell reselection of
MS is rather frequent.
Handling procedure
Modify parameter RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN of all cells in urban area and
make them consistent with each other. The problem of signal fluctuation
is solved.
Default Value and summary
In area with complicated coverage, the RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN of each
cell should be kept same.
Cause analysis
We check the parameter RXLEV_ACCESS_MINin data management
system, and find out that RXLEV_ACCESS_MINof correlative cells are
not consistent, and some even have great differences. Then in this area,
MS is quite likely to reselect the cell with poor signals. And subscribers will
feel the obvious fluctuation of signals.
GSM Cell Parameters N-99
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Page99 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Case 4Too Small T3212 Causes MS
Lose Connection with Network
Case description
A local GSM network has more than 6000 subscribers. There are four
BTSs. The network has been working properly. But from sometime on,
some MS often lost connection with network suddenly. The complaint
from subscribers in urban area increased.
Handling procedure
Modify T3212 to 10, i.e. 60 minutes. Modify the corresponding time of
MSC to 180 minutes. Two days observation shows no subscriber
complaint and the problem is solved.
Cause analysis:
Recently, no modification is conducted on the BSC. The current network only differs from
original network in the number of subscribers. In VLR, there are more than 4000 local
subscribers and 5000 roaming subscribers. Therefore, the problemmight be caused by
the sudden increase of subscribers.
The pressure brought by subscriber increase on network is mainly shown in two aspects:
(1) TCH (traffic channel) congestion rate increases; (2) SDCCH (signaling channel)
congestion rate increases. MS maybe cannot make MOC or MTC, and at the same time
cannot conduct location updating successfully. The direct result of location update failure
is MS loses connection with the network. Check BSC cell parameter data table. It is found
that T3212 is set to 2 (unit: 6 minutes), i.e. 12 minutes, and MSC corresponding time is
set to 30 minuets. This kind of configuration will cause the result that all activated MS will
originate a periodic location update every 12 minutes. When the number of subscriber
reaches a certain limit, SDCCH will be fully seized. If at this time some MS originates
periodic location update, it will fail because there is no spare SDCCH available. Thus MS
loses the connection with the network.
GSM Cell Parameters N-100
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