X-ray machines

When it comes to broken limbs, and writhing pain rarely would you stop to think
how do X-ray machines work? But the truth is that this is one of the most powerful tools
that is used in the medical field most commonly, to be able to tell the real truth to what
could be going on inside the human body, which cannot be seen from the outside. The X-
ray machine has been in use for numerous years and has made the diagnosis of many
ailments easier to ascertain for doctors and medical practitioners. The machine consists of a
tube, which is where the actual radiation of rays permeates from.
Suffice to say that without the tube, there is nothing much that happens. These are
directed astatine the human body and ar able to produce eact results of what lies beneath
the outer body. There is also a fairly high !oltage which acts as a power source to enable
the operation of this e"uipment. #t is not possible for it to work without this appropriate
power source. The direction of this type of radiation onto the body result in the absorption
by the much denser body parts which include the bones. Thus it is an imperati!e tool when
apprehensi!e whether or non a bone is broken in the body and what impact it is ha!ing on
the performance of the body or how best to treat it based on the se!erity.
$s a final production there is an image which is created to represent eactly what
the final picture is of the whole process. This is then printed for presentation to medical
doctors who are able to apply the necessary treatment procedure. There is no harm to the
human body from this eposure, because there is control in the amount of the ray that is
centered to a particular part of the body. #n this manner there is no negati!e impact on the
human body from eposure to the small ray doses.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a techni"ue used to produce images of
internal organs in li!ing organisms and also to find the amount of water content in
geological structures. %sually used to describe a pathological or physiological changes in
li!ing muscle, and also estimate ketelusan rock to hydrocarbons.
The workings of MRI :
&. 'irst, the round nucleus of an atom molecule diselarikan muscle using high-strength
magnetic fields.
(. Then, pulse ) pulse radio fre"uency imposed on the uprise to the magnetic field lines
so that most of the nuclei of hydrogen echange.
*. $fter that, the fre"uency of the radio will switch off lead nuclei at the initial
configuration. When this happens, the radio fre"uency energy released can be found
by gegelung that surrounds the patient.
+. This signal is recorded and processed data generated by computer to produce images
of muscle.
With this, the anatomical features that clearly can be generated. #n medicine, ,-#
is used to differentiate muscle pathology such as brain tumors compared to normal muscle.
CT Scan (Compute Tomography Scanner)
CT Scan (Compute Tomography Scanner) is a diagnostic support tool that has a
uni!ersal application for the eamination of all organs of the body, such as central ner!ous
system, muscles and bones, throat and abdominal ca!ity. .T-Scanner using nuclear
radiation such as neutrons, gamma rays and -ray.
The workings of CT Scan (Compute Tomography Scanner) :
CT-scan is the most widely used pieces of the cross-sectional !iew of the central
ner!ous system /brain0 of man. 1atients to be eamined must sleep on the patient table.
2a!ing obtained the desired position, then performed a set of data retrie!al from the control
panel. The control panel should be located in the eamination room. This data collection
could take a few minutes, depending on the type of aircraft type eamination and .T-scan
is used.
!fter the ata is co""ecte, then performed the reconstruction process to get the
picture. This reconstruction process is a !ery comple 3ob and 3ust be done with computers,
so this diagnostic techni"ue known as computeri4ed tomography or computed tomography.
$s in con!entional diagnostic X-ray, .T-scan is also not good for the eamination of part )
organ mo!es. So far .T-scans are widely used for eaminations of the head.
#"trasonografi ( #S$ )
#"trasoun techno"ogy allows doctors to 5see5 inside a patient without using
surgery. $ transmitter sends high fre"uency sound wa!es into the body, where they bounce
off the different tissues and organs to produce a distincti!e pattern of echoes. $ recipient of
the 52earing5 which re-echo pattern and forwards it to the computer, which translates the
data into an image on a tele!ision screen. Because ultrasound can distinguish subtle
!ariations between soft, fluid-filled networks, it is particularly useful in pro!iding
diagnostic images of the abdomen. %ltrasound can also be used in treatment.
The workings of #"trasoun techno"ogy :
#"trasoun works %y uti"i&ing ultrasonic wa!es as a working principle. %ltrasound
has a fre"uency of sound wa!es abo!e (6 724 /(6. 666 wa!es per second0. 'or diagnostic
purposes re"uired sound source with a fre"uency of &-(6 ,24. 8et that is used in general
is *.9 ,24, 9 ,24, and :.9 ,24. The use of *.9 ,24 or more for ultrasound
perabdominam and 9 ,24 or more for a !aginal ultrasound.
'"ectrocariogram ('($)
'"ectrocariogram ('($) is a graph created by an electrocardiograph, which
records the heart;s electrical acti!ity within a certain time. #ts name consists of a number of
different parts< electro, because it relates to electronics, cardio, =reek for heart, gram, a
=reek root meaning 5to write5. $nalysis of a number of wa!es and normal !ectors of
depolari4ation and repolari4ation produce important diagnostic information.
The workings of '"ectrocariogram ('($) :
)atients "ie own with the chest free of clothing and materials yangdipakai metals
such as rings, watches, belts, etc. should be opened so as not to interfere with the recording.
$pply cream or 3elly in the place where it will be installed elektrodauntuk merungangi
resistance. #nstall all four etremities on keduapergelangan electrode and a second hand on
the medial ankle. #nstall elektrodatersebut closely.
Connect the "ea wires to the >.= and end-u3ungnyadihubungkan in the >.= and
its ends are connected to electrodes that sesuai.1asanglah electrodes on the chest as follows<
?&< parasternal detra intercostalis + /red0 ?(< The left parasternal intercostalis + /yellow0
?*< in the middle between ?( and ?+ /green0 ?+< on the left linea midcla!icula
intercostralis 9 /brown0 ?9< at the anterior aillary line /black0 ?@< in the midaillary line
/purple0 .onnect the ends of the wire leads on the corresponding chest electrode.
'"ectro 'nse"o grafi (''$)
'"ectro 'nse"o grafi (''$) is a tool that studies of recording images in the brain
electrical acti!ity, including >>= recording techni"ue and interpretation. The neurons in
the corte of the brain wa!es of electricity issued with a !ery small !oltage /m?0, which is
then supplied to an >>= machine to terekamlah elektroenselogram amplified so that its si4e
is enough to be captured by the reader;s eye as a wa!e >>= alpha, beta, theta etc.. The
medical use >>= signal for diagnosis of diseases associated with brain disorders and
psychosis.
The workings of '"ectro 'nse"o grafi (''$) :
Transformation of the ''$ signa" into a model, is a !ery effecti!e way in helping
the classification of >>= signal, identify and estimate the spectrum of the >>= signal. >>=
signals contain certain components, known as alpha wa!es /A-&* 240, beta /&+-*6 240,
theta /+-: 240 and delta /6.9-* 240, so that the transformation of the >>= signal into
fre"uency regions is !ery useful, especially in the identification of wa!es in the brain.
$lpha A-&* 24 -ela, eyes closed
BetaB &+ 24 $cti!ity ) thinking
Theta +-: 24 mild Sleep ) emotional stress
Celta 6.9 to * 24 Sleep