Lesson Overview

Lesson Overview
12.3 DNA Replication 12.3 DNA Replication
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
THINK ABOUT IT
Before a cell divides, its DNA must first be copied.
How migt te double!eli" structure of DNA ma#e tat possible$
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
Copying the Code
%at role does DNA pol&merase pla& in cop&ing DNA$
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
Copying the Code
%at role does DNA pol&merase pla& in cop&ing DNA$
DNA pol&merase is an en'&me tat (oins individual nucleotides to produce
a new strand of DNA.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
Copying the Code
Base pairing in te double eli" e"plained ow DNA could be copied, or
replicated, because eac base on one strand pairs wit onl& one base on
te opposite strand.
)ac strand of te double eli" as all te information needed to
reconstruct te oter alf b& te mecanism of base pairing.
Because eac strand can be used to ma#e te oter strand, te strands
are said to be complementar&.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
The Replication Process
Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a cop&ing process called
replication.
*is process ensures tat eac resulting cell as te same complete set of
DNA molecules.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
The Replication Process
During replication, te DNA molecule separates into two strands and ten
produces two new complementar& strands following te rules of base
pairing.
)ac strand of te double eli" of DNA serves as a template, or model, for
te new strand.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
*e two strands of te double eli" separate, or +un'ip,, allowing two
replication for#s to form.
The Replication Process
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
The Replication Process
As eac new strand forms, new bases are added following te rules of
base pairing.
-f te base on te old strand is adenine, ten t&mine is added to te newl&
forming strand.
.i#ewise, guanine is alwa&s paired to c&tosine.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
*e result of replication is two DNA molecules identical to eac oter and
to te original molecule.
)ac DNA molecule resulting from replication as one original strand and
one new strand.
The Replication Process
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
The Role o !n"y#es
DNA replication is carried out b& a series of en'&mes. *e& first +un'ip, a
molecule of DNA b& brea#ing te &drogen bonds between base pairs and
unwinding te two strands of te molecule.
)ac strand ten serves as a template for te attacment of
complementar& bases.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
The Role o !n"y#es
*e principal en'&me involved in DNA replication is called $NA
poly#erase%
DNA pol&merase is an en'&me tat (oins individual nucleotides to produce
a new strand of DNA.
DNA pol&merase also +proofreads, eac new DNA strand, ensuring tat
eac molecule is a perfect cop& of te original.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview DNA Replication DNA Replication
Telo#eres
*e tips of cromosomes are #nown as telo#eres.
*e ends of DNA molecules, located at te telomeres, are particularl&
difficult to cop&.
/ver time, DNA ma& actuall& be lost from telomeres eac time a
cromosome is replicated.
An en'&me called telomerase compensates for tis problem b& adding
sort, repeated DNA se0uences to telomeres, lengtening te
cromosomes sligtl& and ma#ing it less li#el& tat important gene
se0uences will be lost from te telomeres during replication.