NYAH BIO-CHEM

A USA MANUFACTURED PRODUCT

HYDRAULIC FRACKING
CATALOGUE



Marsha Feltingoff ~ 201.362.5426 ~ marshafelt@gmail.com


FRAC FLUID CHEMICALS


CHEMICALS USED IN FRACKING:
The chemicals used in fracking serve many functions during the hydraulic fracking process.
There are only a limited number of chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing, even though there
are hundreds of chemicals that could be used as additives. Its important to note that
chemicals used during hydraulic fracturing play a very specific role and make up less than 1%
of the total fluids used in the hydraulic fracturing process, Chemicals ensure that the
producing formation is effective and must be used in the hydraulic fracturing.

FOLLOWING IS A SAMPLE OF SOME OF THE CHEMICALS USED IN HYDRAULIC
FRACTURING

ACID ACETIC: PREVENTS THE PRECIPITATION OF METAL OXIDES

ACID CITRIC (IRON CONTROL): PREVENTS PRECIPITATION OF METAL OXIDES

ACID CORROSION INHIBITOR: PREVENTS CORROSION FROM ACIDS

ACID HYDROCHLORIC: HELPS DISSOLVE MINERALS AND INITIATE CRACKS IN THE
ROCK

BIOCIDE: ELIMINATES BACTERIA IN THE WATER THAT PRODUCES CORROSION

BREAKER (AMMONIUM PERSULFATE): ALLOWS A DELAYED BREAKDOWN OF THE GEL

CLAY STABILIZER: PREVENTS CLAYS FROM SWELLING OR SHIFTING

CROSSLINKER: INCREASES THE VISCOSITY OF THE FLUID AFTER THE ADDITION OF
GELLING AGENT (GUAR GUM) TO OVER 2000CP

FRICTION REDUCER: SLICKS THE WATER TO MINIMIZE THE FRICTION IN THE PIPE

GUAR GUM: INCREASES THE VISCOSITY OF WATER AND REDUCES FRICTION

IRON CONTROL: PREVENTS PRECIPITATION OF METAL IN THE PIPE
PH MODIFIER: ADJUSTS THE PH OF FLUID TO MAINTAIN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
OTHER COMPONENTS SUCH AS CROSSLINKERS

SCALE INHIBITOR: PREVENTS SCALE DEPOSITS DOWNHOLE AND IN SURFACE
EQUIPMENT

SUPER ACTIVATOR: CHEMICALS FOR BONDING CURABLE RESIN-COATED PROPPANTS

SURFACANT: PREVENTS EMULSIONS FROM FORMING IN THE FRACTURE
BIOCIDE 4450-10

Description:

BIOCIDE 4450 - 10 has been designed specifically for control of sulfate-reducing bacteria
(SRB) that contribute to souring, the production of sulfide and abiotic corrosion in oil field
systems, gas production and transmission pipelines and systems.

BIOCIDE 4450 - 10 is used in controlling sulfate-reducing bacteria and slime forming bacteria
in oil well drilling, oil field processing applications, oil field water systems, oil and gas
productions and transmission pipelines and systems and gas storage fields and equipment;
such as steam-injection water holding tanks, flood water, injection water, holding pond water,
disposal well water, water holding tanks and fuel storage tanks.

INSTRUCTIONS:
Additions of this product must be made with the proper metering pump equipment, suction
(low pressure) side of pumping equipment or similar device. BIOCIDE 4450 - 10 can be added
to the system by slug, continuous or on an intermittent basis.

BIOCIDE 4450 - 10 is added to the water flood or salt water disposal system at a point of
uniform mixing.

Method of Application:
1) Continuous Injection: Add BIOCIDE 4450 - 1 0 at 30 ppm active (7.5 fluid ounces per 1000
gallons of water) when system is noticeably fouled. When the microbial control is evident,
add BIOCIDE 4450 - 10 product at 15 ppm active (3.75 fluid ounces per 1000 gallons of water)
to maintain control.

2) Batch Treatment: Add BIOCIDE 4450 - 10 at 180 ppm active (46.26 fluid ounces per 1000
gallons of water) over a period of 4 to 6 hours one or more times per week when the system is
noticeably fouled. When microbial control is evident, add BIOCIDE 4450 - 10 at 90 ppm active
(23 fluid ounces per 1000 gallons of water) over a period of 4 to 6 hours once or more times per
week.

FEATURES:

*Economical-high concentration
* Broad spectrum kill
Specifications:
Appearance: light blue liquid
Odor - very slight
PH - 7-8


BIO-FRAC


DESCRIPTION: BIO-FRAC is an EPA registered synergistic blend of glutaraldehyde,
didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride and n-alkyl (50C14,40C12,10C16) dimethylbenzyl
ammonium chloride in a water/ethanol solution. It was specifically designed and optimized
for control of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that contribute to souring, production of
sulfide and abiotic corrosion in Oil Field and Cooling Water systems, Gas Production and
Transmission Pipelines and systems.

The combination of glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium chlorides (QACs) has been
shown to be more effective in controlling sulfate-reducing bacteria than the individual
components alone. In Oil and Gas recovery operations where sulfide control is needed, use
the BIO-FRAC allows for an overall reduction in biocide use, reducing environmental impact
while achieving increased production throughout with overall biocide use cost reduction.

BIO-FRAC should be used with care and caution. Use in well ventilated areas. Avoid contact
to eyes and skin. Use eye protection ( goggles and face shield), gloves and protective clothing
when handling the product.

TYPICAL PROPERTIES:

EPA Registration Number--------10324-209-89700
Water solubility----------------------Complete
Physical form-------------------------Liquid
Color------------------------------------Colorless to light yellow
Specific fravity@21 C---------------1.03
Viscosity@21 Cmm2/s cST--------1.916
PH(as is)-------------------------------4.5 plus or minus 1.0
Flash point (PMCC)----------------->200F (>93.3C) RVOC,
U.S. EPA---------------------0.24-0.36 (ETOH) Biorenewable
Carbon/quat blend,---79 (Palm Kernel Oil)

ACTIVES COMPOSITION %:

Glutaraldehyde---------------------------12.5
Didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride-----1.8
N-Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride----------1.2
EFFICAY DATA:

The blend of glutaraldehyde and QACs in BIO-FRAC was designed and optimized to
provide a high level of broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against aerobic bacteria and
anaerobic bacteria including acid-producing bacteria ( APB ) and sulfate-reducing bacteria
( SRB ). The combination of glutaraldehyde and QACs has been shown to be more effective
in controlling sulfate reducing bacteria than individual components.

FRACTURING FLUID PLANKTONIC KILL TEST:


Treatment

Concen
tration
(ppm)

1 hr.
Contact
Time
APB

1 hr.
Contact
Time SRB

24 hr.
Contact
Time
APB

24 hr.
Contact
Time SRB


Glutaraldehyde
50

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000
100

1000000

10000

100000

1000000
150

1000,000

1000

10000

10000
200

100

100

100

100


Glutaraldehyde/Quat
Blend
50

100000

100000

100000

100
100

100

BD

1000

BD
150

BD

BD

BD

BD
200

BD

BD

BD

BD

Control --------

1000000000

1000000000

1000000000

1000000000
Note: BD- Below Detection

EFFICACY AGAINST SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIAL TIME KILL TEST

The effectiveness of BIO-FRAC against Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, a sulfate-reducing
bacterial, was examined. The bacterial were exposed to the biocidal blend for periods of 4 to
42 hours at which point the test samples were enumerated by serial dilution. The graph
illustrates the ability of BIO-FRAC to control and reduce the level of sulfate-reducing
bacterial (SRB) that contribute to souring, the production of sulfide and abiotic corrosion as
illustrated on the following page.




BLAST IT (RIG WASH)
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGREASER


DESCRIPTION:

BLAST IT is an industrial strength water soluble, non-flammable butyl solvent detergent
degreaser, which incorporates, advanced concepts in chemical soil removal. It will effectively
remove a wide variety of soils common to industrial, institutional and commercial facilities
including accumulations of grease, oil, dirt, soot, smoke, food and light rust stains. BLAST IT
handles grease and grime with quick ease while assuring the removal of build-up not cleaned
by normal cleaning procedures. It is an excellent rig wash. Its reserve cleaning power attacks
oily grime and dirt.

INSTRUCTIONS:

When cleaning heavy grease and grime from engines, metals, floors or equipment where paint
removal is wanted BLAST ITshould be used at full strength. When cleaning heavy grease and
grime from engines, metals, floors or equipment where paint removal
is not desired BLAST IT could be first diluted with water. When using BLAST IT make sure
entire area is covered by water to insure complete contact with solution. Do not allow this
product to dry on glass, plastic or soft metals to prevent possible etching or pitting. Rinse
these surfaces. Care should be taken to test a small area prior to use for desired results.

FEATURES:

Works well on all surfaces
Safe to use on painted surfaces and soft metals
Works equally well in all types of water regardless of hardness
Safe to handle- non toxic, non hazardous, non flammable
SPECIFICATIONS:
Appearance--- Blue
Odor-------------Sweet
PH----------------11.5-12.5
Biodegradable----Yes
Detergency-------Excellent


BONDING CATALYST



BONDS RESIN COATED PROPPANTS IN LOW-TEMPERATURES


Product Description:

Bonding Catalyst is a liquid chemical used to help bond curable resin coated proppants
together when down hole temperatures are too low to thermally activate the resin bonding.
Bonding Catalyst works by activating the curable resin to maximize grain to grain bonding,
therefore providing proppant flow back control, minimizing embedment and increasing the
conductivity of the fracture for better well performance.

The Bonding Catalyst is added to the frac fluid and pumped along with the proppant. It
chemically softens the resin and the surfactant contained in the Bonding Catalyst binds the
proppant into a solid pack. Bonding is not only advantageous for control of proppant flow
back but also helps reduce proppant embedment.



FEATURES:

> Bonding Catalyst use in water-based frac fluids

> Bonds resin-coated proppants in low temperatures

> Provides proppant flow back control by maximizing grain to grain bonding




TYPICAL PROPERTIES:

Appearance----------------Clear Liquid
Odor--------------------------Alcohol
Specific Gravity------------0.91
Boiling Point----------------148 f Flash
Point------------------58 f
Solubility in water----------Complete
AI-TRIAZINE

OH





N



N N

HO
OH




Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)triazine



OVERVIEW


AI-TRIAZINE represents an established and efficient liquid H2S scavenger, manufactured
from monoethanolamine and formaldehyde. The resulting scavenger product is a
Hexahydro-1,3,5- tris(hydroxyethyl)triazine and is commonly called triazine in the
industry. AI-TRIAZINE is a water soluble, squeous- based solution. In most H2S scavenger
applications, the reaction products are also water soluble, with very low toxicity
characteristics and biodegradable, making this a relatively simple system to handle.

Dihygrogen sulfide, H2S is present in low concentrations in natural gas from many sources.
Because of its obnoxious characteristics, it is necessary to remove it during processing, before
the end use. The reaction of triazinane with H2S and also its rate of hydrolysis as a function
of PH and temperature. Hydroxyl groups on the side chains increase the hyfrophilicity of the
molecule, making it ideally suited for reactions in the aqueous phase. The 2- hydroxyethyl
functional groups add a more hydrophobic character, allowing for removal of H2S directly in
the well itself.














TYPICAL PROPERTIES

Water solubility------------------------------Complete
Physical form--------------------------------Colorless to light yellow liquid
Activity(mw219),----------------------------78.0 Minimum
PH(as is)--------------------------------------10+2
Specific gravity@25 c---------------------1.15+0.04
Flash point (Setaflash CC), OF--------->200
RVOC, U.S. EPA,---------------------------0


Liquid scavengers can also be employed in two different processing schemes. After
separation of liquid hydrocarbons and water from the gas, the liquid scavenger can either
inject directly into the gas stream or the system can be operated in a batch mode by passing
the gas through a vessel filled with the scavenger. It is well established that the direct
injection method is much more efficient and has a lower capital cost. The scavenger is
injected into the pipeline through a nozzle and either a static mixer or a long length of pipe
to mix the gas/liquid mixture. The mixture is then separated in a coalescing filter. As AI-
TRIAZINE is water based, with water soluble and biodegradable reaction products, the
system has the potential for a relatively simple disposal option. In many onshore and
offshore operations, the amount of water requiring treatment is very large relative to the
amount of liquid scavenger consumed. Thus, the incremental cost of treating this
incremental. Low-toxicity, biodegradable waste stream can be very small.


BUFFER KHC
PH MODIFIER


DESCRIPTION:

Buffer KHC is a high alkaline PH modifier agent for high alkaline fracturing fluids. It is used
both in borate and zirconium crosslinked fluids where a PH of 10 or higher is needed for gel
stability.

Buffer KHC contains potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate in an aqueous solution. It
is not compatible with strong acids and may cause precipitation of calcium carbonate from
water with high calcium content.

RECOMMENDED USES:

Buffer KHC is typically used at 0.3 to 2 gallons per thousand of frac fluid, depending on the
finial PH desired, the bicarbonate content of the water being gelled and the additives included
in the gelling agent in use. Laboratory testing is essential to ensure designed fluid properties,
as is in any engineered fracturing system.

SPECIFICATIONS:

Appearance-------------Clear Liquid

Odor----------------------Mild
Density------------------1.22 lbs/gal
Flash point-------------none
Solubility in Water---Soluble

PRECAUTION: Buffer KHC is corrosive to skin and dangerous in the case of eye contact. Use
care when handling Buffer KHC.


CLAY STABILIZER





DESCRIPTION:

Clay Stabilizer is a nontoxic clay stabilizer and clay fixative for all water based polymer
muds. It is soluble in water

COMPOSITION:

Clay Stabilizer is a solution of multivalent non-volatile organic amine in water



TYPICAL PROPERTIES:

Type--------------------Cationic, Multivalent
Density (Glee 25 c)---0.98
Color---------------------Clear to opaque liquid
Odor---------------------Mild
Solubility---------------Soluble in water
PH (product)----------3.0 to 5.0



APPLICATION:

Clay Stabilizer is an effective clay inhibitor for water sensitive formations. It effectively
blocks potential sites for water hydration and clay swelling. Normal mixing concentrations
4.5 litres to 9.0 litres per 900 litres (1 to 2 gallons per 200 gallons).
CAT-I FRICTION REDUCER


HIGH PERFORMANCE FRICTION REDUCER FOR HYDRAULIC FRACTURING



PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:

CAT-I FRICTION REDUCER is a synthetic high molecular weight cationic polyelectrolyte
based on polyacrylamide and is supplied in easy to handle liquid emulsion form. It is a highly
efficient friction reducer when used in water fracturing fluids and is capable of reducing
pressure losses due to friction by amounts in excess of 70%

APPLICATION:

CAT-I FRICTION REDUCER is a general purpose cationic friction reducer and is
recommended where compatibility with other cationic frac fluid additives is required. It will
function well in all brine types including high brines. CAT-I FRICTION REDUCER has been
specifically designed and formulated for use in those hydraulic fracturing operations for which
the choice of frac fluids is less than ideal, namely TDS brines containing significant levels of
divalent ions in addition to high levels of chlorides, such as those that arise when using flow-
back or produced water.

TYPICAL DOSAGE:

0.25 TO 2.0 GALLONS PER 1000 GALLONS OF FRAC FLUID COMPATIBILITY:
CAT-I FRICTION REDUCER is compatible with cationic and non-ionic additives that may be
present in the frac fluid.

TYPICAL PROPERTIES:

Appearance--------------------Opaque Liquid
Ionic Character----------------Cationic
Specific Gravity---------------8.8
Storage Temperature--------32-95 f
Shelf Life------------------------6 months
Pour Point----------------------- -22 f



PACKAGING: 275 gallon tote/ 2300lbs or 330 gallon tote / 28001lbs
THPS (Tetrakis-Hydroxymethyl-
Phosphonium Sulfate)

AI-TETRA 75 is a biocide effective against micro pest in industrial cooling systems, oil field
operations and paper-making industries. The advantage is it will soon degrade to a nontoxic
substance immediately after use. In 1997, the product passed the attestation in the United
States of America and was formally put into use in the field of environmental protection. In
the same year it was awarded with the American Green Chemicals Award.


Typical Physical Properties
Common
Name
THPS Chemical Formula Blend
Appearance Clear Colorless Liquid Solubility in Water@20 C Miscible
Specific
Gravity
1.35 - 1.45 PH 3.0 - 5.0


Application
AI-TETRA 75 exhibits excellent activity against problem microorganisms. In particular it is
extremely effective against sulphate reducing bacteria, a major cause of hydrogen sulphide
souring and corrosion. Formulations containing THPS may be used in many applications
where microbiological contamination is present and they have extensive use in enhanced oil
recovery injection water systems, topside recovery systems, pipeline protection and storage.
THPS produces a rapid kill against a broad spectrum of bacteria and when suitably formulated
with a surfactant it readily eradicates unwanted biofilms. The excellent toxicity profile of
THPS and ease of deactivation to a virtually non toxic substance makes it an ideal biocide to
use when cooling water is discharged into ecologically sensitive waters.


Recommended Handling
All personnel handling this material must handle it as an industrial chemical, wearing
protective equipment and observing the precautions as described in the Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).







AI-TETRA 75 (THPS) Water Treatment
Microbiocide Antimicrobial for Industrial
Water Treatment Applications


AI-TETRA 75 /THPS Water Treatment Microbiocide is a broad-spectrum biocide
developed to inhibit the growth of algae, bacteria, yeasts and fungi in process waters used in
various industrial applications. AI-TETRA 75 /THPS Water Treatment Microbiocide is effective
in both acid and alkaline environments. It is especially effective against sulfate-reducing
bacteria (SRB) which are particularly troublesome in enhanced oil recovery operators, such as
injection water treatment, top-side systems, pipeline protection and storage. AI-TETRA 75
/THPS Water Treatment Microbiocide is a 75 w/w aqueous solution of tetrakis {hydroxymethyl}
phosphonium sulfate.

Structural Formula


HOH2O



OH2OH



P



OH2OH

OH2OH


THPS tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate


Physical Properties and Composition


The following are typical physical properties of AI-TETRA 75 Water Treatment Microbiocide;
they are not to be considered as product specifications.

Appearance..................................................... Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Ph (@ 0.1% in water, 25C)............................................................................ 3.0 - 5.0
Solubility in water( 20C)............................................................................. Miscible
Viscosity (20C)............................................................................................... 39mPs
Specific Gravity (25C).................................................................................. 1.37 - 1.39
Total P content............................................................................................... 11.6 - 11.8

Composition
THPS.......................................................................................................................... 75%
Water......................................................................................... Approximately 25%



Special Features and Benefits


* Inhibits microbial growth in enhanced oil recovery systems, industrial recirculating cooling
waters and non-food contact paper manufacturing
* Broad spectrum biocide against a range of algae (blue-green, green and other types such as
yellow-green, brown and mustard algae), and bacteria, especially sulfate reducing bacteria
(SRB)
* Miscible in all proportions with every type of water, including sea water
* Is readily deactivated under controlled conditions
* No organic solvents / aqueous formulation
* Outstanding chemical stability and good compatibility with most water treatment chemicals


Activity


AI-TETRA 75 Water Treatment Microbiocide is a broad spectrum biocide that is highly
effective at controlling sulfate reducing bacteria (SRBs), as demonstrated in the following data



Efficacy vs. Sea Water SRB
Log Reduction in (hours) Biocide (ppm a.i.)
1 2 4
THPS, 25 3 3 3
THPS, 50 3 5 7
THPS, 100 7 8 8
Total SRB count in Control= 10



Efficacy vs. Produced Water SRB
Log Reduction in (hours) Biocide (ppm a.i.)
1 2 4
THPS, 25 0 3 5
THPS, 50 5 3 6
THPS, 100 5 8 8
Total SRB count in Control= 10







Applications / Directions for Use


The primary use for AI-TETRA 75 / THPS Water Treatment Microbiocide is controlling
microbial growth in oil field applications such as injection water systems, drilling muds,
packer fluids, completion and work over fluids. The unique mechanism of action of THPS
enables it to not only kill microorganisms but also reduce hydrogen sulfide concentrations
and dissolve iron sulfide.

AI-TETRA 75 / THPS Water Treatment Microbiocide is very suitable for protecting against
microbial contamination in water treatment applications such as industrial cooling water,
paper and paperboard manufacturing. However, it must not be used in the manufacture of
paper and paperboard products that may come in contact with food.

Recommended use levels are included in the table below. Use this product in a manner
consistent with its product information and labeling.

For enhanced oil recovery systems

Injection Water Treatment
Shock dose (initial dose) 93 to 350 ppm
*Add for 2 to 6 hours
Maintenance dose (weekly or as needed to maintain control) 14 to 98 ppm
*Add for 2 to 6 hours
Continuous dose 14 to 67 ppm

Oil and Gas Pipelines
Shock dose (initial dose) 93 to 350 ppm
*Add for 2 to 6 hours
Continuous dose 14 to 100 ppm

Drilling Muds, Packer Fluids, Completion & Work over Fluids
Shock dose (based on severity of contamination) 33 to 1400 ppm

Gas Storage Wells & Well Systems
Individual injection wells should be treated at the same application
Rates and in the same manner as described under Injection Water.
Individual drips to produce sufficient concentration when diluted by
water present in the drip (repeat as needed to maintain control) 33 to 133 ppm

Well Remediation Operations
Shut-in Treatment (at least 6 hours) 13.3 to 40

Hydrotesting
Slug Dose to produce a concentration in the test water
(depending on water quality and test duration) 67 to 667 ppm
Pipeline Pigging and Scraping Operation
Slug dose to produce a concentration at the discharge point or pig trap
(depending on water quality and test duration) 0.007 to 0.07

For cooling tower waters
Shock dose (initial dose) for heavily fouled systems or at start-up
or where the build up of biomass is apparent: 20 to 48 ppm

*Clean heavily fouled systems before starting treatment
*Add of AI-TETRA 75 Water Treatment Microbiocide at a point
(such as water basin, box, etc.) in the distribution system that will lead
to rapid distribution
* Repeat 2- 3 times each week until fouling is under control
Maintenance dose (after initial treatment) 12 to 24 ppm

*Add AI-TETRA 75 Water Treatment Microbiocide weekly
*Based on 4 - 7 days turn over/blow down for water in system
*For systems with higher turnover of water ( 1 - 3 days)
Use two to three times per week

For paper mill waters
Maintenance dose with intermittent addition 27 to 104 ppm
*Clean heavily fouled systems before starting treatment
Maintenance dose with continuous addition 20 to 67 ppm
*Clean heavily fouled systems before starting treatment


Storage, Spill Cleanup and Disposal Guidance


Store AI-TETRA 75 / THPS Water Treatment Microbiocide in a cool dry area away form direct sunlight
and heat to avoid deterioration. Avoid temperatures above 160 C (320 F). The active ingredient (THPS)
decomposes at elevated temperatures with generation of gas which can cause pressure buildup in closed
systems. Ensure that storage conditions are in conformance with applicable legal, fire, insurance and
government requirements.


Disposal of Excess Product


If excess AI-TETRA 75 THPS Water Treatment Microbiocide cannot be used according to use
instructions, it must be sent to an approved waste disposal facility, because disposal
regulations can vary by location, the regulatory authority for waste disposal in your location
will need to be contacted for guidance. Do not dispose of this product by dumping into lakes,
streams, ponds, estuaries ,oceans, sewers, ditches or
into soil at any time. Dispose of unused product and contaminated soils as permitted
by applicable government requirements.


Disposal of Product Containers


Containers should be triple rinsed with water (or equivalent) and sent to an approved
waste handling facility for disposal. Send waste liquid from cleaning of used
containers to an approved waste handling facility.


Spill Handling


Prompt and cautious attention to drips, splashes and spills is important to reduce the
potential for unnecessary exposure to AI-TETRA 75 THPS Water Treatment
Microbiocide. Avoiding container punctures and mishandling of containers are
important elements in preventing spills. Storing containers in contained areas and use
of spill containment pallets will control the size of potential spills. A spill response
plan should be in place to address both small and large spills. The plan should
include instructions for easy access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and
specific equipment for cleaning up the spill.




25 : 12
CH3


N

CI


CH3
CH3


N


CI

CH3

25 : 12 is an EPA registered synergistic blend of glutaraldehyde, didecyldimethyl ammonium
chloride and n- alkyl (50C 14, 40C 12, 10C1 6) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride in a water/
ethanol solution. It was specifically designed and optimized for control of sulfate-reducing
bacteria (SRB) that contribute to souring, the production of sulfide and abiotic corrosion in
oil field and cooling water systems, gas production and transmission pipelines and systems.

The combination of glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium chlorides (QACs) has been
shown to be more effective in controlling sulfate-reducing bacteria than the individual
components alone. In Oil and Gas recovery operations where sulfide control is needed, use of
25 : 12 allows for an overall reduction in biocide use, reducing environmental impact while
achieving increased production through out with overall biocide use cost reduction.

25 : 12 should be used with care and caution. Use in well ventilated areas. Avoid contact with
eyes and skin. Use eye protection (goggles and face shield), gloves and protective clothing
when handling the product.

Water solubility.................................................................................Complete
Physical form.....................................................................................Colorless to light yellow liquid
Odor.....................................................................................................Fruity/Pine
Pour Point...........................................................................................15F (-9 C)
Specific gravity @23C.......................................................................1.05+0.04
Viscosity @21 C (Brookfield), cSL..................................................<100
PH (1 aq.).............................................................................................4.5+1.0
Flash Point (ASTM D-56, TCG)......................................................>210oF (99.3 G)
RVOC, U.S. EPA,................................................................................2-4 (Ethanol)
Biorenewable Carbon/Quat Blend,.................................................79 (Palm Kernal Oil)
Actives Composition

Glutaraldehyde...................................................................................25.7
Didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride...........................................7.5
N-Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride..............................5.0



Efficacy Data
The blend of glutaraldehyde adn QACs in 25:12 was designed and optimized to provide a high
level of broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including
acid-producing bacteria (APB) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The combination of
glutaraldehyde and QACs has been shown to be more effective in controlling sulfate-reducing
bacteria than the individual components.

In a recent case study completed in the Barnett Shale area the combination of glutaraldehyde
and QACs was shown to be more effective in controlling acid-producing bacteria and
sulfate-reducing bacteria than glutaraldehyde (alone). At 100 ppm, the biocidal blend provided
a 5 to 6 log reduction in the APB populations after 1 and 24 hrs of contact time as the table
below illustrates.


Fracturing Fluid Planktonic Time Kill Test


Treatment Concentr
ation
(ppm)
1 hr. Contact Time 24 hrs. Contact Time
APB SRB APB SRB
Glutaraldehyde 50 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000
100 1,000,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
150 100,000 1,000 10,000 10,000
200 100 100 100 100
Glutaraldehyde I
Quat Blend
50 100,000 100,000 100,000 100
100 100 BD 1,000 BD
150 BD BD BD BD
200 BD BD BD BD
Control ---

100,000,000

100,000,000

100,000,000

100,000,000
Note: BD - Below Detection


SC D-345
Anionic Polymer Scale Inhibitor for
Oilfield Applications


Overview


The SC-345 series is one of AI-Sealings high performance line of scale inhibitors. The low
molecular weight polymers provide multi-functional properties including sequestration,
dispersion , crystal growth distortion and sedimentation fouling. SC-345 is available in both a
partially neutralized version depending on your application. SC-345 is also thermally stable to
425-450F.

SC-345 is effective in the control of all types of mineral scales but is especially effective in the
control of barium sulfate, strontium sulfate and calcium sulfate. In many cases it is also
effective in the control of calcium carbonate. If not properly treated, deposited scale can
provide a highly desirable habitat that can harbor microorganisms, leading to the development
of corrosion problems.

With the optimal molecular weight, SC-345 treatment inhibits scale formation by absorbing
into formed crystals and through an association/complexation mechanism with incipient
nuclei (or core) to delay crystal nucleation and prevent subsequent growth and resultant
scale formation. The lower molecular weight also provides advantages of being more soluble
in higher calcium TDS water.


Application


A suggested field strength formulation would consist of 25-33% by weight SC-345, with the
remaining portion of the blend being water and or EG or IPA depending on the desired freeze
point. The product should be stored in a poly drum.

* Continuous Injection should be fed at a rate of 10-50ppm.
* For squeeze applications, premix 1-3 drums of the formulated product with 5-15 barrels of
lease water. Follow by a flush of 50-200 barrels of clean lease water.
* We recommend the scale treatment to be followed by an effective AI-SEALING biocide
treatment program for further eradication of residual bacteria and promote a clean system for
optimal performance. Our AI-SEALING oilfield quaternary biocides are extremely effective at
penetrating and eliminating residual destructive microorganisms which can ultimately lead to
the generation of harmful corrosion.
Typical Properties SC-345


Grade.....................................................Partially neutralized Na salt
Classification........................................Aqueous polymer dispersant
Charge....................................................Anionic
Average Molecular Weight.................2000-3000
Total Solids............................................47-49%
Specific Gravity.....................................1.25+0.1
Viscosity..................................................100-500cps (Brookfield)
PH (as is)..................................................3.0+0.5
Flash Point...............................................>200 F (Setaflash CC)
Shipping...................................................Non- Regulated
Weight% (10%) (F) %Inhibition
0.54 HC I 70 70 99.3
0.60 HC I 158 158 99.4
0.20 H 2SO4 150 150 98.7
0.30 H 3PO4 150 150 97.6
0.20 NH 2HSO4 150 150 98.3




Inhibitor Q-60


Description


Inhibitor Q-60 surfactant is a versatile and effective corrosion inhibitor for use in acid cleaning
applications. This product does not darken in most strong acid solutions, allowing the
formulation of stable, lighter colored acid based products.


Applications


Pickling
For batch pickling in 10% HCI, use 3lb. Inhibitor Q-60 surfactant/100 gallons acid to achieve
99+% inhibition. If faster speed and less protection is desired, reduce level. Use 2lb. Inhibitor
Q-60 surfactant/100 gallons 10% H2SO4 for 98+% protection. After pickling, rinse and follow
with an alkaline wash. Inhibitor Q-60 surfactant will not promote hydrogen embrittlement. It
is soluble in high concentrations of ferric ions.


Industrial Cleaning


Use 4.0% Inhibitor Q-60 surfactant based on 100% hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, phosphoric, or
hydrofluoric acids. Use 2.0% based on 100% oxalic, citric, or sulfamic acids.


Performance Advantages
Inhibition of Mild Steel
All Solutions are clear











Typical Properties
Appearance @20 C Clear amber liquid Viscosity(cPS @ 20 C)120
Flash Point, C 60 Specific Gravity @ 20 C 1.01
Gardner color, max 15


Q-60 (continued)
ACID INHIBITOR
Laboratory Performance Test Data


Test Conditions: Coupon Type N-80 Steel.
Pressure Atmospheric up to 225 F, 600 PSI above 200 F


Test
Temp
(F)
Acid Type Inhibitor
Conc. (gpt)
Test Time
(Hrs)
Corrosion
Lbs/ft2
100
100
100
100
150
150
150
150
150
175
175
175
175
175
175
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

225
15HCI
15HCI
28HCI
28HCI
15HCI
15HCI
15HCI
28HCI
28HCI
15HCI
15HCI
15HCI
15HCI
28HCI
28HCI
15HCI
15HEL
15HCI
15HCI
15HCI
28HCI
28HCI

15HCI
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
3.0
6.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
3.0
6.0
10.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
10.0

7.0
6
24
6
24
6
24
24
6
24
6
6
24
24
6
24
6
6
6
16
16
6
6

6
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.015
0.009
0.007
0.015
0.026
0.008
0.008
0.028
0.006
0.018
0.013

0.014