A main project report on

ENHANCEMENT OF VOLTAGE QUALITY IN

ISOLATED POWER SYSTEMS
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BY
V.ANUSHA DEVI 08MH1A02A4


Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr.M.V.KUMAR REDDY, B.Tech
Assistant professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
SRI ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada and approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
Surampalem, East Godavari District, A.P, India.
2010-2014
CERTIFICATE

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
SRI ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada and approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
2010-2014



This is certify that the main project report entitled ENHANCEMENT OF
VOLTAGE QUALITY IN ISOLATED POWER SYSTEMS being submitted
by
V.ANUSHA DEVI 08MH1A0230
In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of the
Bachelor of technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. It is the
record of bonified work, carried out by them under esteemed guidance and
supervision of Mr.M.V.KUMAR REDDY, B.Tech.

Project guide Head of the department
Mr.M.V.KUMAR REDDY Sri K.MANOZ KUMAR REDDY


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies successful completion of any task would in complete
without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all the efforts with success. The acknowledgement transcends the reality
of formality.
We are thankful to our beloved guide Mr.M.V.KUMAR REDDY. Assistant professor
who has spared his valuable time and append novel ideas to guide us in lime light. We are
indebted to him without Whom we not have culminated to pinnacle of the project.
We also wish to convey our sincere thanks to Mr.MANOZ KUMAR REDDY head Of
the Department who provided vital information which was necessary of the project.
We are thankful to our principal Mr.A.RAMESH for providing appropriate
environmental required for this project.
We are also thankful to all staff members, lab technicians, librarians, parents and friends
who are directly and indirectly helped us in the completion of the project with flying colors.

With sincere regards,
V.ANUSHA DEVI










DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this project titled ENHANCEMENT OF
VOLTAGE QUALITY IN ISOLATED POWER SYSTEMS has been under
taken at this work has been submitted to SRI ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
Surampalem, affiliated to JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
Kakinada in partial fulfillment of the degree of bachelors of technology.
We further declare that this project work has not been submitted in full or part for the
award of any other degree of this on any other educational institutions.

V.ANUSHA DEVI

















ABSTRACT
INDEX
DIAGRAM INDEX
FIGURE INDEX
INTRODUCTION
MATTER
MATLAB PROGRAM
OUTPUT
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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INDEX

SI.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE

1 . INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 4

2. POWER SUPPLY
2.1 INTRODUCTION 7
2.2 CENTRAL TAPPED TRANSFORMER 8
2.3 FULL RECTIFICATION USING TWO DIODES 9
2.4 VOLTAGE REGULATOR 10
3. MICRO CONTROLLER 89S51
3.1 INTRODUCTION 12
3.2 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 13
3.3 PROCESSOR STATUS 14
3.4 DESCRIPTION 16
3.5 TIMER 0 AND TIMER 1 OPERATION 22
3.6 TIMER 1 25

SI.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE

4. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
4.1 INTRODUCTION 32
4.2 PIN DESCRIPTION 33
4.3 INSTRUCTION REGISTER AND DATA REGISTER 34
4.4 COMMANDS AND INSTRUCTION SET 36
5. ENERGY METER
5.1 INTRODUCTION 41
5.2 HISTORY 42
5.3 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT 43
5.4 TYPES OF METERS 44
5.5 ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC ENERGY METER 47
5.6 BENEFITS OF PREPAID METERS 48
6. SMART CARD READER
6.1 WHAT IS A SMART CARD? 51
6.2 HISTORY OF SMART CARD 52
6.3 CARD CONSTRUCTION 53
6.4 PIN DIAGRAM 54
6.5 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SMART CARD READERS 55
6.6 HOW ARE SMART CARDS USED? 56
6.7 ADVANTAGES 57
SI.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE

7. SERIAL INTERFACING ICS
7.1 MAX 232 59
7.2 VOLTAGE LEVELS 60
7.3 APPLICATIONS 62
7.4 ULN-2003 63

8. RELAY AND BUZZER
8.1 RELAY INTRODUCTION 67
8.2 BASIC DESIGN AND OPERATION 68
8.3 APPLICATIONS 69
8.4 BUZZER 70
8.5 TYPES OF BUZZERS 71
9. PROGRAMING $ CODE
9.1 PROGRAMMING 73
9.2 CODE 78

10. CONCLUSION 90
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 91