MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ

1. When Sally met with her book group for lunch, all five ladies ordered dessert afterwards, but Sally did
not. If Sally had ordered dessert simply because the other ladies had, this would be an example of
A. conformity.
. compliance.
!. obedience.
". persuasion.
#. $odd went to the !ontemporary %useum of Art with a few people from work. $here was one room that
had only one painting. While looking at the piece, which was 1& feet high, '( feet long, and all in the
same color)various shades of fire engine red, $odd thought, *What is this+ Is this art+* %eanwhile, his
friends loved it, and went on and on about how it represented this and that. If $odd were to agree and
actually believe that the painting was wonderful, this would be an example of
A. private obse,uiousness.
. private acceptance.
!. secret acceptance.
". uncertain ,uietude.
'. Solomon Asch conducted pioneering studies on the topic of
A. obedience.
. child abuse.
!. attitude formation.
". conformity.
-. When a person conforms to gain acceptance, we say they are bowing to
A. informational influence.
. ,ualitative influence.
!. normative influence.
". proximal influence.
&. !oncern for social image involves ............ influence/ the desire to be correct involves
............ influence.
A. normative/ informational
. ,ualitative/ proximal
!. informational/ normative
". proximal/ ,ualitative
0. Which of the following was not one of the predictors of conformity+
A. group si1e.
. unanimity.
!. no prior commitment.
". sleep deprivation.
2. 3eople from ............... countries are most likely to conform to those around them.
A. !ollectivist
. 4entle
!. Individualist
". 5iolent
6. Which of the following are not variations of conformity+
A. !ompliance
. obedience.
!. forgiveness.
". acceptance.
7. 3ersuasion can be defined as
A. a process aimed at changing a person8s attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs.
. a change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure.
!. a process aimed at decreasing influence.
". a change in behavior or belief as a result of a direct order from someone.
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1(. 3ersuasion research has shown that, due to similarity, a person will be more persuaded by
A. someone who is like them.
. someone who is dissimilar to them.
!. someone who is taller than they are.
". someone who is shorter than they are.
11. When people are presented with information and they are naturally analytical or the information is
highly involving, they are likely to be persuaded via the ................ route to persuasion. When
people are not engaged with the information, or they tend to make snap ;udgments, they are more likely
to be persuaded via the ............... route.
A. peripheral/ central
. elaborative/ peripheral
!. central/ peripheral
". central/ elaborative
1#. Which route to persuasion is more likely to produce lasting change+
A. $he elaborative route to persuasion.
. $he peripheral route to persuasion.
!. $he implicit route to persuasion.
". $he central route to persuasion.
1'. <egarding one of the elements of persuasion, credibility pertains to
A. the financial status of the message communicator.
. whether or not the message communicator is viewed as being an expert and someone who can
be trusted.
!. who will hear the message.
". how the message is communicated.
1-. Which of the following is not one of the four elements of persuasion, and used today in persuasion
research+
A. the sender of the communication.
. the recipient of the communication.
!. the content of the communication.
". the location of the communication.
1&. What are the *two steps* in the two=step flow of communication+
A. >irst, persuade opinion leaders, who will then influence their friends, colleagues, and family
members.
. >irst, persuade friends, colleagues, and family members, who will then influence opinion
leaders.
!. >irst, persuade grass=roots movements, who will then influence politicians.
". >irst, make information *flow downhill,* and then make information *flow uphill.*
10. 3ersuasion research about the audience who receives the persuasive message has focused on what
two aspects+
A. the weight of the person and minimi1ing the thought of the person.
. the gullibility of the person and their level of intelligence.
!. the suggestibility of the person and their financial status.
". the age of the person and stimulating the thoughts of the person.
12. What is one techni,ue that can be used to resist persuasion by others+
A. resistance cohesion.
. attitude inoculation.
!. attitude infestation.
". resistance tolerance.
16. Initially, cults persuade prospective members to ;oin the cult by inviting a person to dinner, then
weekend retreats, and then use stronger methods of persuasion. $his is similar to the
A. open=the=door techni,ue.
. the foot=in=the=door techni,ue.
!. the low=ball techni,ue.
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". the low=high techni,ue.
17. 3ersuasion by others seems to work best when a person8s attitude about something is
A. fixed from the beginning.
. weak to begin with.
!. firm to begin with.
". initially constant.
#(. Which of the following is most likely to be the least persuasive+
A. A message from someone attractive.
. A message that appears to be designed to change our attitude.
!. A message that arouses strong emotions.
". A message from a credible expert.
#1. Which message is more likely to be persuasive+
A. A tape recorded message on an audiocassette, delivered by mail, and heard on a tape recorder.
. A verbal message delivered directly from a person to another person in a face=to=face setting.
!. A videotaped message delivered in the mail, and viewed on $5.
". A hand=written message delivered by mail and read at home.
##. Which of the following is not an example of group influence on an individual+
A. minority influence.
. deindividuation.
!. social facilitation.
". social loafing.
#'. Social facilitation is the term used to describe the tendency for the presence of others
A. to affect our likelihood to help.
. to either enhance or impair performance.
!. to make a person act more extroverted.
". to make a person act more introverted.
#-. When a task is easy, and others are observing, according to the social facilitation theory
A. there will be a decline in performance.
. there will be no effect on performance.
!. there will be an improvement in performance.
". there will be a curvilinear effect on performance.
#&. Social loafing refers to
A. baking bread in groups.
. working harder when in a group due to accountability.
!. en;oying oneself in the midst of a group performance.
". slacking off when in a group due to unaccountability.
#0. What is the term used to describe when a person8s identity and self=awareness are diffused by being in
the presence of a group, and a person might act in an unrestrained manners+
A. deinstitutionali1ation.
. deindividuation.
!. decineration.
". declination.
#2. 4roup polari1ation occurs when
A. members in a group interact, but, instead of changing their minds about a topic, they keep their
original ideas and strengthen those ideas.
. the group members do not interact, and the members reverse their decisions to the opposite
point of view.
!. social loafing is strong and deindividuation is weak.
". the members in a group interact, and based upon what they hear, they discard their original
ideas in favor of the other group members8 ideas.
#6. 4roupthink is used to describe
A. the positive aspects that occur when a group works together.
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. group dynamics that can interfere with group decision=making processes and can produce
disastrous results.
!. when group members have in=;okes and give each other knowing glances.
". when group members are on the same wavelength and complete each others8 sentences.
#7. <esearch on working in pairs, teams, or in groups has shown that
A. collaborations are never productive.
. teamwork is never as good as working alone.
!. group problem solving tasks always dilute original ideas.
". collaborations can be productive.
'(. $he sub;ect of minority influence refers to
A. when the group votes by minority rules instead of ma;ority rules.
. when the minority opinion in not able to sway the ma;ority opinion.
!. when one person in a group influences the other members in the group.
". when the group members only influence one member in the group.
'1. Who are free riders+
A. 3eople who report social loafers.
. 3eople who volunteer to give others a ride home in situations of potential drunk driving.
!. $hose who do not put forth effort on a task, but reap the benefits of a group.
". 3eople who voice their opinions despite the unpopularity of their views.
'#. %inority influence can
A. never sway the ma;ority of the group members to the other point of view.
. steer other group members who hold the ma;ority view over to the minority point of view.
!. decrease creativity.
". increase superficiality.
''. It is through .............. that group members can be inspired, motivated, and guided to be
successful and productive.
A. >ellowship
. Sportsmanship
!. !oercion
". ?eadership
'-. If immersed in a group that gives a person a sense of anonymity, a person could
A. alter their social identity to meet the expectations of others.
. unleash inhibitions because of deindividuation.
!. become inhibited because of social comparison.
". accept responsibility for their actions.
'&. Social comparison theory is offered as one explanation for ...............
A. group polari1ation
. pluralistic ignorance
!. summation polarity
". group adhesion
'0. "iscrimination can be defined as
A. negative attitudes toward a member of a group.
. negative feelings toward a group or its members.
!. un;ustified negative behaviors toward a group or its members.
". negative thoughts about a group.
'2. Stereotypes are to ............... as pre;udices are to ................
A. behavior/ beliefs.
. beliefs/ behavior.
!. cognition/ behavior.
". beliefs/ attitudes.
'6. What is ingroup bias+
A. eing biased against a cli,ue in one8s own group.
. When people disfavor their own group.
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!. When people favor their own group.
". eing slanted against the new members of one8s group.
'7. @utgroup bias is strongest when
A. people are with other ingroup members.
. people are alone.
!. people are with outgroup members.
". when you are in the minority.
-(. Social ine,ualities contribute to
A. cognitive distancing.
. pre;udice.
!. cults.
". deindividuali1ation.
-1. *We are all different/ but they are all alike.* $his statement supports
A. the ingroup heterogeneity effect.
. the outgroup homogeneity effect.
!. a bias at its worst.
". the ingroup homogeneity effect.
-#. <esults of studies concerning the homogeneity with which outgroups are perceived by ingroups
indicates
A. outgroup members are seen as *all=alike* in appearance and behavior.
. more specific differentiating information about the outgroup is recalled than about the ingroup.
!. cognitive representations about the outgroup are more complex than about the ingroup.
". ingroups are seen as *all=alike* in appearance and behavior.
-'. 3ositive behavior by an outgroup member is often
A. enough to change people8s stereotypes.
. seen as typical.
!. discounted.
". generali1ed to the group.
--. Illusory correlations develop because
A. of the low IAs of observers.
. the co=occurrence of events stand out in memory.
!. the correlation coefficient is so large.
". the correlation coefficient is so small.
-&. Bitting, kicking, spitting, and verbal *cuts* are all signs of
A. assertion.
. aggression.
!. annoyance.
". mild anger.
-0. Ceff8s neighbor yells and screams at him for not picking up the grass trimmings after Ceff mows the
lawn. Ceff feels sorry for the man and doesn8t take it personally because he knows the neighbor is
having a hard time in his life and the verbal rage reaction could be a sign of ............. of
aggression.
A. !athexis
. "isplacement
!. 3unctuation
". "issociation
-2. What is the current thinking regarding watching violent $5 and aggression+
A. $here are more studies showing that watching violent programs can be beneficial to people.
. $here is no effect on people from watching violent $5 programs.
!. Watching violent $5 programs increases aggression.
". Watching violent $5 programs decreases aggression.
-6. Which of the following has not been a consistent effect of viewing violent video games+
A. increased appetite.
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. increased aggressive behavior.
!. increased aggressive feelings.
". increased aggressive thoughts.
-7. In terms of aggression, research on the influence that a group can exert on an individual has shown
that
A. a person can minimi1e their aggression by being in a group.
. there is no particular effect of being in a group on a person8s level of aggression.
!. being part of a group will decrease the amount of aggression an individual will display.
". being part of a group can increase the aggression that an individual might display.
&(. Which theory of aggression argues that the blocking of one8s goals will lead to aggressive behavior
because of anger and hostility+
A. $he frustration=aggression theory.
. $he instinct theory.
!. $he excitation=transfer theory.
". $he social learning theory.
&1. Aggression is different from assertiveness in the sense that
A. aggression is accidental and unintended.
. assertiveness follows aggression.
!. aggression happens by chance.
". aggression is purposeful and meant to hurt someone else.
&#. Which theory of aggression offers some optimism in terms of reducing aggression+
A. $he instinct theory.
. $he frustration=emotion theory.
!. $he social learning theory.
". $he catharsis theory.
&'. ............... has been put forth as one reason why viewing violent media can contribute toward a
person having aggressive thoughts.
A. $he recency effect
. $he anchoring heuristic
!. >raming effects
". !ognitive priming
&-. Who was a pioneer in social psychology, demonstrating the effects of observational learning and
aggression in children+
A. Sigmund >reud
. Cohn . Watson
!. !.4. Cung
". Albert andura
&&. What is prosocial behavior+
A. A precursor to antisocial behavior.
. Antisocial behavior.
!. Acting in a professional manner at a party.
". Socially appropriate behavior, helpfulness, and engaging in good deeds.
&0. Which media influence is considered to contribute the most to aggression in people+
A. $5
. violent video games
!. movies
". commercials
&2. A
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True-False Questions
1. %ost people rarely experience pre;udice. D>E
#. 3re;udice and discrimination have the same basic meaning. D>E
'. $he bona fide pipeline measures explicit racial attitudes. D>E
-. $he pre;udice shown by @sama bin ?aden and his followers has shown that competition needs to be
real and direct in order to foster pre;udice. D>E
&. 3eople who speak slowly are more persuasive than those who speak rapidly. D>E
0. !ontemporary research has shown that hate crimes increase with rising unemployment rates. D>E
2. An illusory correlation is an important statistical techni,ue used by many social psychologists. D>E
6. Women rarely express sexist views. D>E
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7. When we have conflicting views about a sub;ect, we experience attitude confusion. D>E
1(. Social comparison is our tendency to compare ourselves with others in order to determine whether our
view of social reality is accurate. D$E
11. When a !hinese couple re,uested service at various hotels and restaurants in the F.S. Das part of a
studyE, they were routinely refused service. D>E
1#. $he factor of perceived behavioral control is emphasi1ed in the theory of planned behavior and not in
the theory of reasoned action. D$E
1'. 3eople who speak slowly are more persuasive than those who speak rapidly. D>E
1-. Selective avoidance is a tendency to direct attention away from information that challenges existing
attitudes. D$E
1&. Smokers rarely experience dissonance. D>E
10. Fsing dissonance to generate hypocrisy can be a powerful tool for changing peopleGs behavior in
desirable ways. D$E
1. riefly discuss the role of social learning in terms of understanding the origins of pre;udice.
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