Delos Reyes, Eunice Janine IV - Newton

LESSON 1 EDITORIAL NEWS

WHAT IS AN EDITORIAL

A newspaper editorial is an article that is written based on the opinion of the writer
that gives his or her thoughts about a certain topic. Most writers have usually had an abundance
of articles published before becoming an editorial.
It is an article that presents the newspaper's opinion on a particular issue.
It reflects the majority vote of the editorial members, the governing body of the
newspaper made up of editors and business managers.
It is usually unsigned. (Anonymous)
It is meant to influence public opinion, promote critical thinking, and sometimes cause
people to take action on an issue.
It is meant to be biased, somewhat insightful and often includes persuasive writing
techniques.

WRITING AN EDITORIAL
There are several different steps you need to follow in order to be successful when writing an
editorial:

Choosing a Topic
The topic you choose is the most essential part in writing a newspaper editorial.
The best topics are those that are current issues among our society. If the topic is a current issue
that everyone is already interested in, then your editorial piece will engage readers attention.
If the topic you choose is an ongoing issue in our society, make sure to use the
most recent information. However, you can use older information as sources to help prove your
case. Do not make your editorial a controversial topic, unless that is that is your whole reason for
writing it in the first place.


Choosing your opinion
You need to ask yourself, are you for or against the issue you have chosen as your
topic for your newspaper editorial piece. You cannot be on both sides of the fence when
writing an editorial piece. The purpose for the editorial is to give your opinion. You must give
a strong opinion, because if not, readers will not be as inclined to see your point of view.
Outline Your Editorial
With an outline, you know where you stand on the issue. The outline helps you get your thoughts
and opinions in order.
Writing Your Article
Pick a headline that will really get ones attention. If you grab their attention from the very
beginning, they are more inclined to keep reading. Your opinion on the topic should be
addressed in the introduction to your new editorial. Clearly word your opinion and the main
reason why you chose to be in it. Support your position with another reason. Present relevant
facts and statistics and include ethical or moral reasons for your stand. Also state what you think
would be the best outcome.

TIPS IN WRITING AN EDITORIAL

Use statistics to help prove your argument.

Leave your strongest argument to be the last.

Do not be passive in the arguments that come before the strongest.

Be sure the views you express are yours and take care not to borrow views from editorials
you have found inspirational.


CONCLUSION OF AN ARTICLE
The conclusion should sum up the entire body that you have made. It may be the
strongest argument you may give or a way that you thought would be the best outcome for the
existing issue. Tie up the piece by clearly restating your stance.






TYPES OF EDITORIALS WILL

1. Explain or interpret These are usually used to explain a sensitive issue. (ex.: school
newspapers may explain new school rules or a particular student-body effort like a food drive)

2. Criticize These criticize actions, decisions or situations while providing solutions to the
problem identified. Readers see the problem, not the solution.

3. Persuade: These make people immediately see the solution, not the problem. From the first
paragraph, readers will be encouraged to take a specific, positive action. (ex.: political
endorsements are good examples of editorials of persuasion)

4. Praise: These editorials commend people and organizations for something done well. They
are not as common as the other three.

MORE TIPS IN WRITING AN EDITORIAL

I. Lead with an Objective Explanation of the Issue/Controversy.

Include the five W's and the H questions. Pull in facts and quotations from sources which are
relevant.
II. Present Your Opposition First.

As the writer, you disagree with these viewpoints. Identify who opposes you. Use facts and
quotations to state objectively their opinions.

III. Directly Refute The Opposition's Beliefs.
You can begin your article with transition. Pull in other facts and quotations from people who
support your position.
IV. Give Other, Original Reasons/Analogies
Give reasons from strong to strongest order. Use a literary or cultural allusion that lends to your
credibility and perceived intelligence
V. Conclude With Some Punch.


Give solutions to the problem or challenge the reader to be informed. A quotation can be
effective, especially if from a respected source. Also, a rhetorical question may be used.

TYPES OF EDITORIALS
1. Editorial of Information It seeks to give information on facts of news stories or add
other facts with minimum explanation. It may define terms, identify persons or factors or provide
a background.
Ex.: BAYANIHAN: FILIPINO CULTURAL HERITAGE
The effectiveness of the bayanihan spirit was best shown by groups of students,
hundreds of them, as they took to the streets in support of the Metro Manila clean-up and
beautification drive. The students, coming from different schools in Tondo , pooled themselves
together, cleaned the streets, and beautified them with potted ornamental plants. This is
bayanihan in action.

The bayanihan is an ancient Filipino custom, symbolic of the Filipino way of
group work. As found in the Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (1745) by P. Juan de Noceda and
P. Pedro de Sncluar, the word bayanihan is derived from the rootword bayani meaning Obra
comun or group work.
Another related word, magpabayani, is a request for help by one who wants a job done for him,
and evokes response from neighbors who come in groups to offer their services in all forms and
their own simple ways. In return, the nagpabayani gets free breakfast, lunch or merienda -a
token of appreciation and gratitudes of the nagpabayani.

2. Editorial of Interpretation It explains the significance or meaning of a news event,
current idea, condition, or situation, theory, or hypothesis. The writer doesnt argue nor
criticize, but merely present both sides of an issue and leaves the judgment to the reader. It
merely interprets, say for example, the content of a new memorandum issued by the
principal.
Ex.: A TALE OF HORROR: POPULATION EXPLOSION


Today the Philippines has a population of 80 million. At the present rate of growth,
this small country, would only be most affected by the evil effect of population explosion. This
means that most of our high school students now, who would only be in their early 40s or 50s at
that time, will be the ones to be most affected by the evil effect of population explosion.
As of today our basic problems are food, water, housing, education, and pollution.
Just imagined how these problems would be aggravated by the 150 million mouths to feed, backs
to clothe, heads to shelter, and minds to educate.
Also today the world has a population of four billions. These will double in 35 years time. The
world population is increasing at the rate of an additional 2,000 million every eight years.
In six and a half centuries from now, there would be one person standing on every
square foot of land on earth. By that time, men would be no more place for plants to grow.
The only way to avoid this situation would be through population planning. The first
consequence can be seen in the faces of hungry men. One half of humanity is hungry at this
moment. There is less food per person on earth today than there was30 years ago during the
worldwide depression.
Political chaos is death through world wars, revolutions, aggressions, rebellions, and the like.
The third and the best remedy is population planning done through family planning. Family
planning simply means the planning of the size and spacing of ones family by means of
scientific knowledge and method.

3. Editorial of Criticism It points out the good or the bad features of a problem or situation
mentioned in the news. Its purpose is to influence the reader. It suggests a solution at the end.
Ex.: A JUNE 12 THOUGHT: RESPECT FLAG RITES
A flag ceremony, wherever it be a flag raising or a flag retreat is sacred. Therefore, it
should be observed with all the solemnity and sacredness a Filipino citizen can muster.
The National Anthem (Pambansang awit), like the national flag, should be treated
with ceremonial respect.
On this anniversary of the declaration of Independent in Kawit in 1898 it is perhaps
timely to remind all and to behave during flag ceremonies.
Sad to say, many students during the Monday morning flag raising ceremonies, instead of
standing at attention while singing the National Anthem, and while reciting the Patriotic Fledge
(Panatang Makabayan), move around play and have completely disregarding whats going on.


It is for this reasons that we are calling the attention of all teachers, especially the
social studies teachers to give more emphasis on teaching values, love of country, respect for the
flag, veneration of heroes, and proper behavior during flag ceremonies
In flag ceremonies cannot be held properly, why then do we hold them at all.

4. Editorial of Commendation, Appreciation, or Tribute It praises, commends, or pays
tribute to a person or organization that has performed some worthwhile projects or deeds,
or accomplishments.
Ex.: WE ARE OUR BROTHERS KEEPERS
And the Lord said unto Cain. Where is Abel your brother? And he said, I know not. Am I my
brothers keeper? Genesis 4:9
This question asked millions of years ago in the Garden of Eden has not lost its meaning.
This was the same question students of Osmena High school had sought to answer, and
answered, when the biggest flood in recent years hit Central Luzon.
When the appeal for help was aired by the mass media, local student leaders launched a three
pronged drive to solicit relief aid for the flood victims.
Majority of the students belong to poor families. Most of them cannot even afford to buy more
than a pair of uniforms for their daily use. But when the appeal for aid was sounded, they lost no
time in finding ways and means to help their less fortunate brothers. They knew that they were
their brotherss keepers.
The hat was literally passed around. In no time, the sum of 20,000 was collected. Aside from
this, canned goods, rice, medicine, and old clothes were also collected.
The drive, which started as a spark, soon grew and spread like wildfire: the teachers, alumni, and
former members of the editorial staff joined the Help Our Brothers bandwagon.
A part of the money was sent to the flood victims through the national dailies. The rest, plus the
relief goods, were personally delivered to them in Central Luzon during the height of the floods
by the student leaders.
The schools aid may be just like a drop of water in a bucket. But, true to what James Lowell said
in his poem:






The Vision of Sir Launfal
Not what we give, but what we share,
For the gift without the giver is bare,
Who gives himself with his aid feeds three,
Himself, his hungering neighbor and me.
May these students from Osmena High School serve as models for other students to emulate.
May their tribe increase?

5. Editorial of Argumentation This is oftentimes called editorial of persuasion. The editor
argues in order to convince or persuade the reader to accept his stand on the issue.
Ex.: SCIENCE NOT CONFLICT WITH RELIGION
Can science be reconciled with religion?
There is no contradiction between science and religion when both are property
understood; what is needed is a proper knowledge of religion and a more scholarly interpretation
of the bible, the Koran, and other similar books, for there can never be a contradiction between
any truth revealed by God in the holy scriptures and any findings of science, properly tested and
verified.
Holy Scriptures of whatever religion are not textbooks of science. Their purpose is all
the same-to inculcate moral, spiritual, and religious truth.
The subject matter of science on the other hand is the physical universe. Its purpose is to
discover the law of nature.
Religion and science move in the essentially different orbits. Religion is concerned
primarily with spiritual realities with moral values, with the intangibles which elude both the
pills and the test tubes; science with matter and energy which can be seen, weighed, and
measured.
Religion has no fear of science. It does not tremble before discussion but before
ignorance. It welcomes with eager hospitality every new finding. Thus further man goes into
outer space, the better vision he has of GOD, and the deeper insight he acquires into the Divine
Administration of the universe.
Scientists are searching for the truth in the field of nature just as the moralists are
seeking to clarify the application of ethereal and eternal truth to the changing social and


economic conditions of modern life.
The church welcomes truth wherever it may be found in history, in Biblical
researchers, in psychological and natural fields of human inquiry. It welcomes every wise
thought and every useful discovery, whatever its origin.

6. Editorial of entertainment It evokes a smile, a chuckle, laughter, while suggesting
truth. Its main aim is to entertain. It is usually short.
Ex.: Imagine a parent, a child or two in the car with him, rocketing down the highway, taking a
few slugs from a bottle of Jack Daniels as he goes.

Its unthinkable, really. Its a picture from a horror film, a graphic lesson in how not to be a
parent.

No one in his right mind would risk his childrens lives by behaving in such a foolhardy and
dangerous way. To say nothing of setting an astonishingly foul example.

So why then do people routinely careen down the road, the kids in the car, with their eyes fixed
on their smartphones, sending and receiving text messages as though they were relaxing in the
recliner at home?

Because the message might be important, right? It could be the boss. Or a change in dinner plans.
Or fan mail from some flounder.

And so drivers routinely reach for the phone to take a look, taking their eyes off the road. Its
dangerous, foolhardy in the extreme and has got to stop.

Not only does texting while driving put the driver, his passengers and others on the road at risk,
theres new evidence showing that kids whose parents text while driving are more likely to do
the same once they are behind the wheel themselves.

Text as I say and not as I text?

Everyone has seen drivers whose attention is clearly not on the road as they focus on their phone.


They weave across the dividing line. They go too slow, then too fast, fail to brake until the last
second. Its terrible. And terribly dangerous. And when these people are doing it with their kids
in the car, it is unconscionable.

Texting motorists with kids who observe their wayward ways are unconsciously training a ne
generataion of badly behaved and dangerous drivers.
(http://www.masslive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2012/05/editorial_parents_who_text_whi.html)

7. Mood editorial It presents a philosophy rather than an argument or an explanation.
Oftentimes, the subject matter is nature or emotion.
Ex.: THE CHALLENGE OF 1994
Old year 1993 with knitted brown, limping and hungry, black-eyed by student
demonstrations, social unrest, dirty, politics, criminality, kidnapping, and a revillion has just
departed, leaving behind great problems to Youthful 1994.
All around the country are tensions, miseries, and a starvation. Hunger stalks the land, as
different kinds of diseases inflict the people.
The poor and the unfortunate stage the same old story. The power of political
struggle and the growing strength of the NPA and Muslim rebels have crept even into the once
peaceful barrios throughout the country, while countless of millions look up to the sky with hope
for order, peace, and sobriety.
Now that the New Year is here, it is the time to take stock of and adjust ourselves
to a brighter tomorrow. Let us stand firmly, for the future depends on how we make it. All that
we do is only a matter of trials, struggles, and sacrifices.
But above all, let us practice peace and love of God and of our fellowmen.

8. Special occasion It explains the significance of a special day or occasion.
Ex.: VALENTINE IS..


When some students began decorating their rooms with Valentine trimmings, a
critic asked, Is it necessary to celebrate Valentines Day? Is not a good for nothing occasion like
Christmas?
Contrary to what the critic said, Valentines Day is not just a froth and flower
occasion devoid of any meaning at all. It has a distinct place and function in contemporary life;
otherwise its observance would have been dropped after the Vatican had declared St.
Valentines Day. To them, the existence of the patron saint is immaterial.
What is important is, that people still believe in the existence of love, love
between lovers, love between children and their elders, love among men, and love between man
and God.
These kinds of love are universal. They are the ties that bind the world together to
keep it from crumbling into hatred and wickedness.


* News is intended to inform and interpret while editorial is made to give or share the
opinions of the writer.
(http://journsociety01.wordpress.com/types-of-editorial/)
.
COMMON ERRORS
You didnt take a side.
The stand and statements are very much easy to analyze.
There were too many rhetorical questions.
The wordings are too deep and exaggerated.
You made personal attacks.
You got off the topic.
Your argument lacked credibility.



THINGS TO REMEMBER
The topic should be interesting enough.
What you are stating must have basis.
Explain the issue objectively.
Give a realistic solution to the problem.
Keep it to 500 words.
Write in third person. Do not use I.
Make sure that every thought is original.
Use active voice.
Be fair, mature and reasonable.
Read the editorial page of your local paper. It introduces you to opinion and can be terrifically
provocative and perhaps a great motivating force for you to get involved in your community,
regardless of your political ideology.
- Sarah J essica Parker












Editorial News Quiz

1. What will possibly happen if a writer of an editorial does not take a side about the issue
he talks about?



2. Why do you think must an editorial be written objectively?



3. Which among the types of editorials do you think is the easiest one to make? Why?



4. Why is an editorial important in a newspaper?



5. State three interesting topics which may be used in making an editorial.







EDITORIAL NEWS ACTIVITY
Make your own editorial with the use of the words provided below.


Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
President Aquino
Supreme Court

Filipino netizens
Department of Justice
Discrimination/Bullying


















LESSON 2 PHOTOJOURNALISM

PHOTOJOURNALISM

Journalism is a process of literary tone which serves people by the dissemination
of information. Journalistic integrity is based on the principles of truth, disclosure, and editorial
independence.

WHAT IS PHOTOJOURNALISM

Photojournalism is a specific type of journalism in a form of a picture or image
which tells news. It is the art of capturing a news story which should easily tell what has
happened in one still image or a series of images.
It presents news for the general public.
It tells a news story about people or events.
It can serve as a stand-alone story.
It helps keep record of events in history.
It helps bring more to a story with an image that the story itself by only using
photographs.
It becomes our window to the world around us.


WHEN AND HOW DID PHOTOJOURNALISM START

The very first journalistic photo was interpreted from engravings which were used
to print the photos. Carol Szathmari, a Roman painter and photographer, documented the
Crimean War. His engraving technique started in 1853. It was first used in the American Civil
War to print the photographs of Matthew Brady in his publication, Hapers Weekly.
Szathmari used a box camera to capture the image of British soldiers in the fields. The use of
engravings for the printing of photos was very laborious and the prints were very limited in
number.



In the 1930s, the 35-mm Leica was introduced. It improved the ability of a
photographer to continuously take photos of an occurring event. The printing methods were less
laborious and the cameras were easily carried by photographers in most environments. This
eventually resulted in the first golden age of photojournalism.

Robert Capa and Alfred Eistensteaed were much known during that time. Both
have photographs that appeared on different magazines and newspapers. In the 1970s,
documentary photojournalism was introduced. Also, photojournalists began receiving
recognition and appreciation from different parts in the world.

In the 1980s, there were more artistic photos with headlines, graphics, and
designs included. In the 1990s, most photographers began shooting with color and the prints can
be scanned by computers.

Nowadays, the use of film is outdated and is replaced by digital photography.
Photojournalists use the most advance camera equipment, photo editing applications with various
techniques and lighting skills.
(http://www.lightstalking.com/a-brief-history-of-photojournalism)


WHAT IS A PHOTOJOURNALIST
A photojournalist is a journalist who presents a story primarily with the use of
images or photographs.

Some of the worlds most famous photojournalists:
Eddie Adams - was born on June 12, 1933. He covered thirteen wars when he was taking
photographs of the Vietnam War. He had a very famous photograph which made him win
the Pulitzer Price and World Press Photo award. He died on September 19, 2004in New
York City.

Robert Capa - was born as Ernest Andrei Friedmann in 1913 in Budapest. He covered
five different wars: the Spanish civil war, the Japanese invasion of China, World War II


across Europe, the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the First Indochina War. He worked for
Colliers Weekly and also for Life Magazine.

Lewis Hine - was born on September 16, 1874 in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. He studied
sociology in three different colleges. He said that the camera was both a research tool
and an instrument of social reform. In 1904 he began to photograph the immigrants at
Ellis Island. Later in 1908 he became the photographer for the National Child Labor
Committee (NCLC).

(http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/01585/purpose.html)

CATEGORIES

There are certain categories that were defined by the National Press Photographers Association
(NPPA) and are used in photojournalism contests. Some of these are as follows:
Feature a photograph with a very strong human interest or a fresh view of an everyday
scene which may use humor or may focus on the lighter side of life

Portrait a single photograph that captures a unique aspect of a local figures character
and personality

Sport action a peak action photograph that captures the spirit of a sports competition

Sport feature a sports-related picture that captures the victory or agony of defeat

General news a photograph that recognizes a daily news coverage and is planned in
advance

Spot news a photograph which is not planned and may be of a breaking news event or a
part of a news coverage


(http://uwyojournalism.com/?p=207)




CODE OF ETHICS
According to the President Emeritus of the NPPA, Alicia Wagner Calzada,
photojournalists must live up to a high standard because ethics are what sets us apart from art
and advertising. The NPPA have provided the Code of Ethics to be used as a guide for all visual
or photojournalists.

1. Strive to ensure that the public's business is conducted in public. Defend the rights of access for
all journalists.

2. Think proactively, as a student of psychology, sociology, politics and art to develop a unique
vision and presentation. Work with a voracious appetite for current events and contemporary
visual media.

3. Strive for total and unrestricted access to subjects, recommend alternatives to shallow or rushed
opportunities, seek a diversity of viewpoints, and work to show unpopular or unnoticed points of
view.

4. Avoid political, civic and business involvements or other employment that compromise or give
the appearance of compromising one's own journalistic independence.
5. Strive to be unobtrusive and humble in dealing with subjects.

6. Respect the integrity of the photographic moment.

7. Strive by example and influence to maintain the spirit and high standards expressed in this code.
When confronted with situations in which the proper action is not clear, seek the counsel of those
who exhibit the highest standards of the profession. Visual journalists should continuously study
their craft and the ethics that guide it.

(https://nppa.org/code_of_ethics)







THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOJOURNALISM
Concepts one must know about photojournalism:
Point of View find different angles and unique aspects
Framing - look at all parts of whats in the fame, not just the subject of the picture; above
all, fill the frame with the picture you want
Composition Rule of thirds; it is when you are going to cut the whole frame into a 3x3
grid. You put the most important points of the photo on the intersection of the lines.
Lighting know the source of light; learn to judge the lighting conditions (outside is
better than inside)
Distance three types of photos:
Long Shot Medium Shot Close-up

Decisive moment what tells the story of a news event, captures the elements of the day,
time, people, weather, subject; sometimes you can plan for this, sometimes you cant be
ready
There are some instances that a photojournalist is disqualified from a particular
contest or has failed to maintain the trust of the audience because of violations. For example, one
has manipulated the color, lighting, has applied too much saturation or has altered portions in the
photo.
(http://www.jem200.com/lecture-notes/photojournalism-basics/)




WRITING A GOOD PHOTO CAPTION
A picture is worth a thousand words. This old saying clearly tells that a good picture
must have a good caption as well. Tips on how to write good captions are as follows:


1. Find the photo you are going to write the caption for. Look at it, and find the thoughts that
you are trying to communicate through the picture. How is it relevant to the article or topic?
Write down notes for best results.
2. Using the main idea of the picture, write a simple sentence that sums up everything that
is happening in it. Use two sentences if one is not enough but remember to stay short. For
example, A giraffe calf with its mother at the crowded Zoo.
3. Add to the sentence/s where this is taking place. You can keep it short or be descriptive. To
add to your giraffe sentence, you would write, A giraffe calf with its mother at the crowded
Zoo."
4. Add a little detail. Describe the main character/s of the picture, or give an interesting fact.
To your giraffe sentence, you would write, "A lanky newborn giraffe calf with its samson mother
at the crowded Zoo."
5. What is happening in the picture? Throw in some action to spice things up. For example,
your sentence would now be, "A lanky newborn giraffe calf stumbles around its enclosure
mother its mother at the crowded Zoo."
6. Polishing. Polish off your sentence and fix any possible spelling or grammatical errors.
(http://www.wikihow.com/Write-Good-Captions-in-Photojournalism)








ASSIGNMENTS OF A PHOTOJOURNALIST


SPORTS ASSIGNMENTS
Sports Action - a photograph of any moment that occurs on the playing field
during the run of the game.
Sports Feature - a picture that shows anything else: an angry coach in the locker
room, a frustrated player on the sideline, an anxious fan in the stands.

PORTRAIT ASSIGNMENTS - capture a person's personality
Mug shots - comes from the definition, "to make faces." The challenge for
photographers is to make the mug shot more than a picture of a subject smiling
for the camera.
Environmental Portrait. The environmental portrait not only shows what the
subject looks like, but also reveals aspects of the sitter's personality by the
foreground and background objects the person displays. It is a picture of a person
AND that person's environment-NOT simply a picture of a person in an
environment.
ILLUSTRATION ASSIGNMENTS - consists of food, fashion, and editorial subjects that
has come under criticism by leaders in the field who worry about the rise in the use of set
up, contrived and computer manipulated images.

PICTURE STORY ASSIGNMENTS - gives a photographer a chance to slow down and
produce a package of pictures over a longer period of time. At its best, a picture story
illuminates a serious city-wide social problem through the telling in words and pictures a
particular person's plight.




All photographs are memento mori. To take a photograph is to participate in another persons
(or things) mortality, vulnerability, mutability. Precisely by slicing out this moment and freezing
it, all photographs testify to times relentless melt.
Susan Sontag




PHOTOJOURNALISM QUIZ

1. Why do you think was the Code of Ethics established by the NPPA or National Press
Photographers Association?


2. Which is more appealing to you? Why?

or



3. What do you think was violated by the photojournalist with this photo?







PHOTOJOURNALISM ACTIVITY

Give your own understanding/interpretation for the following photos. Explain them in 3-5
sentences.












LESSON 3 EDITORIAL CARTOON


WHAT IS AN EDITORIAL CARTOON?
An editorial cartoon, also referred to as Political Cartoon, is an illustration
containing a commentary that is usually all about the current events or personalities. Also, it is
the graphic expression of the creators ideas or opinions which usually reflects the publications
viewpoint.

It is based on current events.
It uses humor and satire to show a position about current issues.
It has an educational purpose of making readers think about the current political issues.
It must use a familiar visual and verbal vocabulary.
It is published in a mass medium. (newspaper, magazines, web, etc.)
It appears on the newspapers editorial page or front page.

A BRIEF HISTORY ON EDITORIAL CARTOONING
The English satirist, William Hogath had already made an editorial cartoon in the
18
th
century. His illustrations has a style which people called Hogarthian
However, Editorial cartoons already existed in the US even before the declaration
of independence of the United States of America. Back in 1754, it was Benjamin Franklin, the
Founding Father of America, who first drew and published a cartoon. He was never a
professional cartoonist but he had a goal of uniting the colonies and be against the British.
Instead of writing his thoughts, he drew it as an editorial cartoon.

After Franklin, editorial cartoons still continued. The drawings that were published
were mostly about the American presidents. These early cartoons relied more on words and
realistic artworks which were had very less humor compared to the cartoons now. During the
1870s and 1880s, Thomas Nast refined editorial cartooning into an art. He worked in New
York and was called the Father of Modern American Editorial Cartoon.



Nowadays, editorial cartoons are still found and viewed in everyones daily
newspaper. It still gets people to really think about a certain subject or form their own opinions
about it.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editorial_cartoon)

WHAT IS A CARTOONIST?
A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons. They create
cartoons for entertainment, political commentary, or for advertising. The largest organization of
political cartoonists is the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists (AAEC) which has over
300 members. The National Cartoonists Society in the United States also welcomes editorial
cartoonists.

Some of the worlds most famous editorial cartoonist:
William Hogarth was born on November 10, 1967. He was an English painter, pictorial
satirist, social critic, and editorial cartoonist who had been credited with pioneering
Western sequential art. He died on October 26, 1764.

Thomas Nast was born on September 27, 1840. He was a German-born American
caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who was considered to be the Father of the American
Editorial Cartoon. He was also the scourge of Boss Tweed and the Tammany Hall
political machine. He died on December 7, 1902.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editorial_cartoonist)

TOOLS USED BY EDITORIAL CARTOONISTS TO COMMUNICATE IDEAS
Caricatures drawing of public figures in which a certain physical feature is
exaggerated; also serves to poke fun at the person they picture

Stereotypes formulaic images used to represent particular groups (ex.: mother with
messy hair, wearing an apron, and holding a screaming baby; a lazy, rich congressman;
disorganized scientist)

Symbols represent something else by tradition (ex.: a dove represents peace, Uncle
Sam represent the United States of Amrica)


Analogies comparisons that suggest that one thing is similar to something else (ex.: a
title of a popular song, story, book, movie, or nursery rhyme used to comment to a
current political event)

Humor power to evoke laughter or to express what is amusing, comical, or absurd
(http://hti.osu.edu/opper/editorial-cartoons)

WHAT IS A GOOD EDITORIAL CARTOON?
Certain things are considered to know that an editorial cartoon is a good one.
It combines a clear drawing and a good writing.
It expresses a recognizable point-of-view or opinion.
Both the words and pictures must be read together in order to understand the cartoonists
message.
It needs not to be very humorous to be considered effective.
STEPS AND TIPS IN MAKING AN EDITORIAL CARTOON
1. Ideas Although original ideas hardly exist, there should be developments from
everything that you read and see.

2. First Draft After collecting your ideas, start doodling and shape your thoughts on a
paper.

3. Start drawing your idea - Draw your cartoon, have patience and make sure that it is
readable and makes sense.

4. Make sure that your idea shows symbolism When it is a plain drawing with no
symbolism, it is not a political cartoon.

5. Do not make the cartoon too easy to analyze Make the cartoon understandable yet
hard enough to make the readers think and have their own opinions.

6. Look and see if you understand. Check if it makes sense yet is hard to analyze.

7. Add color or shading. This adds life to your work.

8. If needed, create a title.

(http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Political-Cartoon)


Elements in Cartooning
Captioning & labels used for clarity and emphasis.
Analogy a comparison between two unlike things that share some
characteristics.
Irony the difference between the way things are & the way things are expected
to be.
Exaggeration magnifying a problem or a physical feature or
habit (big nose, bushy eyebrows, large ears, baldness, etc.
Symbolism using an object to stand for an idea.
Common Political Cartoon Symbols
Philippine Government - president, Philippine flag
freedom and democracy - flying eagle
warfare - hawk
fetus, baby - new generation
peace - dove, olive branch, peace symbol
victory - wreath of laurels
time - hourglass, big clock
death - skull and crossbones
danger - cliff, falling objects, skull and crossbones, dark shades
hope - rainbow
slow pace - snail, turtle
wealth and power - money bags, large and fat people
weak - small, thin people
court - bench
corrupt - crocodile
typewriter - press
(http://artists-spot.blogspot.com/2012/10/cartoon-symbols.html)


EDITORIAL CARTOON QUIZ

1. What is the importance of editorial cartoons?



2. What do you think is the most essential thing to consider when making an editorial
cartoon?


3. Give the symbols used for the following cartoons and explain further how and why they
were used.




























EDITORIAL CARTOON ACTIVITY
Examine the cartoons below.
1.

Artist: Pat Bagley, Salt Lake Tribune. Reprinted with Permission.
What present and past events are shown in the cartoon?


2.

http://opinion.inquirer.net/71786/editorial-cartoon-february-20-2014
Give your own understanding on the cartoon above.