စစ္အုပ္စု သက္တမ္းရွည္ေနသေရြ႕ (ကိုကိုးကၽြန္း ေထာင္ဝတၳဳ)

ppftyk pf k oufwrf;&Snaf eoa&$Œ
2
“ udu
k ;kd u|e;f tygt0if ppftpd;k &. tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif
usq;Hk oGm;cJ&h aom &Jabmfrsm;/ wdu
k af zmfwu
kd zf ufrsm;udk
&nf!e¸ ;f ygonf ”
wdkufyGJ0if &JabmfwOD;
3
trSm
uduk ;kd u|e;f ta=umif;a&;ygv@kd usaemfu h w kd u
kd w
f eG ;f ol trsm;}uD; ñuHczhJ ;l ygw,f?
'DtxJrmS yxrqH;k eJ@ tav;eufq;kH wdu k w f eG ;f ol[m usaemft h aryg? usaemfaxmifu
xGuv f @kd tdru f jkd yefa&mufw,fqw kd meJ@ wdu k w f eG ;f wmyg? “igo h m;tckvkd rSwrf w d ek ;f a&;
xm;/ aemifarhuek &f if ESajrmp&m}uD;”vd@k vnf; taru ajymygao;w,f? usaemfu
pma&;vnf; ysi;f / ud, k t
hf a=umif;ud, k af &;&rSmvnf; 0efav;rd@k ra&;jzpfcyhJ g?
tck 'Dpmtkyrf mS trSma&;zd@k qakd wmhvnf; usaemfenf;enf; vufweG @f rjd yefygw,f?
bma=umifv h qJ akd wmh 'Dpmtkyaf &;ole@J usaemf[m tzrf;cH&awmhvnf; tr_ww JG ckx/J
rE aW v;axmifrmS vnf; wwdu k xf /J udu
k ;kd u|e;f usawmhvnf; waqmifx/J waqmifxJ
rS tdy&f mcsi;f uyf&uf/ teD;uyfq;kH wdik yf ifazmfwikd yf ifzuf/ wd;k wd;k azmfw;kd wd;k zufv@kd
awmifajymEdkifao;/ u|ef;ujyefvm+yD; tif;pdefaxmifudk jyefa&mufawmhrSom
wa,mufe@J wa,muf vlcsi;f uGo J mG ;=uwm/ 'gawmif axmifuxGuv f mvmcsi;f ol
rE aW v;udw k ufvm+yD; ±SmwJv h al wGxrJ mS usaemf[m a±S@q;kH u/ tJawmh ol@ta=umif;
[m usaemft h a=umif;wydik ;f vdjk zpfaewmrd@k trSma&;ygqakd wmh usaemfvnf; q’aerd
w,f?
4
wu,fygy?J udu k ;kd u|e;f ta=umif; ordik ;f tjzpftysu[ f m tcktxd rjznf&h ao;
wJh uGuv f yf}u;D wcktjzpf usaemfw@kd Eikd if rH mS wnf&adS eygw,f? t"dueJ@wckwnf;aom
ta=umif;&if;uawmh a&;cGirhf &vd@k yg? yxrt}udrf udu k ;kd u|e;f tyd@k c&H wJt h a=umif;
OD;Ek&@J yxp tpd;k &vufxufrmS pmtkyt f awmftoifh xGucf w hJ ,f? tck 'kw, d t}urd f
udu k ;kd u|e;f tyd@k c&H wJt h a=umif;udv k J a&;cGio hf m&=uvd@k uawmh a&;vdu k f =ur,fjh zpfjcif;?
u|e;f udk OD;av; OD;wifatmif (Aef;armfwifatmif) OD;av;jroef;wifw h @kd vkd pma&;q&m
awG trsm;}uD;ygvmwmyJ? owif;pmavmuom;awGvnf; enf;wmr[kwfbl;?
aemuf+y;D tcktcg pmayavmurSm emrnf&aewJh vlxk udpk ed 0f if;/ xufjruf/ aZmf0if;udk
(ysO;f rem;)/ rif;odc/F rd;k a0t,f'w D m udo k ef;Edik /f uAsmq&m udt k ek ;f jrifv h i_d /f armifav;
rGe(f ysO;f rem;) pwJh u|e;f jyefawG trsm;}u;D &Sad ewmyJ? jynfyrSm ref;+ird ;f armif&@J ‘rkew f ikd ;f
udq k efI yifv,fujkd zwfaomtcg’ pmtkyx f u G v f mawmh usaemftawmfukd 0rf;omrd
ygw,f? rk'w d mvnf; yGm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh trSeaf jym&&if usaemfwu,fzwfapcsif
wmu usaemfw@kd Eikd if x H u J vlawGyg? b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf/ opfr&Scd if 0g;aygi;f uGy&f ovdk
jynfyrSmxGuv f mwJh u|e;f ta=umif;pmtkyaf wGukd 0rf;yrf;wom óudq&kd rSmyg?
Armjynfordik ;f rSm Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGukd udu k ;kd u|e;f yd@k cwhJ mtm;vH;k [m Adv k f
ae0if;&J@ ppftpd;k &vufxufrmS csn;f jzpfygw,f? wwd,urBmEdik if aH wGrmS awG@&avh&w dS hJ
zdEydS o f al wG&@J tavhtxwcku wcgwcgrmS udv k ekd t
D yk pf ;kd olxuf ud, k Ehf ikd if o H m; tkyf
pd;k olu yd&k ufpufwwfw,fqw kd mygy?J tif'ekd ;D &Sm;rSm uGejf rLepfawG/ tvkyo f rm;-
v,form;awGukd owfwmrsK;d 'yfcsu f v kd ekd o D rm;awG rvky0f yhH gb;l ? (ppfwu kd &f if; owf
wmjzwfwmudk rqdv k ykd g?)
udu k ;kd u|e;f udyk @kd cw hJ mawGrmS usaemfowdxm;rdwhJ xl;jcm;csuw f csK@d &Sw d ,fv@kd xif
ygw,f? yxrwcg 1958 ckEpS f Edik if aH &;orm;awGukd udu k ;kd u|e;f yd@k wek ;f u yk*v ~ u d
owif;pmtyg zqyvtpd;k &vufxufu 'Dru kd a&pDtºuGi;f tusef &Sw d efoavmuf
&Sad eygao;w,f? 'ga=umifh u|e;f udyk @kd w,fqw kd meJ@ jynfwiG ;f u vlxak wGo=d u+yD; uef@
uGufwmawG vkyfEdkfifcJhygw,f? 1969 ckESpfrSm 'kwd,t}udrfydk@awmh ppftpdk;&[m
b,forl rS odatmif zH;k zdxm;Edik cf yhJ gw,f? 'ga=umifv h nf; 'kw, d t}udrf u|e;f ay:u
wdu k yf aJG wG[m ydrk }kd uD;rm;wJh pGe@f vw $ rf a_ wG t&if;tES;D ay;&wmjzpfygw,f? tJ'w D ek ;f u
Edik if }H uD;awG[m ppfat;ppfyu JG o kd m tm±Hpk u kd af ewmqdak wmh Armjynfta&;udk *±k
rxm;ygb;l ? tusO;f om;tcGit hf a&; umuG,af &;tzG@J w@kd / vl@tcGit hf a&;tzG@J tpnf;
pwmawGuvnf; aemZmemrd igrod yJvkyfae=uwmyg? tusOf;usaeolawG[m
5
vuf0EJ , $ o f al wGjzpfv@kd uvnf; ta=umif;wcsujf zpfr,f xifygw,f?
'kwd,t}udrf udkudk;u|ef;ta=umif;ajym=u&mrSm rygrjzpfajym=u&wmu
u|e;f ay:u wdu k yf aJG wG/ txl;ojzifh &Jabmf 8 a,mufusq;kH &wJh 53 &ufwu kd yf jJG zpf
ygw,f? 'Dwu kd yf [JG m txufrmS ajymcJo h vdk jynfwiG ;f jynfy tm;vH;k eJ@ tqufjzwfcH
xm;&wJt h aetxm;rSm t&ufpufq;kH tpd;k &udk &ifqikd +f yD; olw@kd &@J rt l usq;kH jzpfwhJ
ud,k x f u l , kd x f ay:vpDukd wdu k &f wmrd@k ydrk ckd ufc/J ydrk pkd eG @f vw $ =f u&wmjzpfygw,f? bmyJ
jzpfaeae olw@kd &@J wu kd yf [ JG m atmifycJG cH yhJ gw,f? 'g[m usaemfw@kd pðH yavhvm&r,fh
tcsuf jzpfygw,f? tajctaecsi;f rwlwmudk twif;yHw k u l ;l qGv J yk u f ikd zf @kd r[kwyf gb;l ?
'gayr,fh tcsuw f csuu f jzifh tm;vH;k todtrSwðf y twk,pl x H m;&r,f xifygw,f?
tJ'gu &Jabmf ode;f =unf/ &Jabmf tH;k armf/ &Jabmf cspaf qG/ &Jabmf xGe;f jrif/h &Jabmf
pdecf si;f / &Jabmf armifarmifp;kd / &Jabmf av;armif/ &Jabmf xGe;f 0if;wd@k &@J taocHwu kd yf 0JG if
pdw"f mwfjzpfygw,f?
*smr%Du urBmausmf jyZmwfq&m/ uAsmq*&m bm;awmhb&ufu ol@&J@
uAsmwyk'rf mS
“ol&aJ umif;r±Sw d EhJ ikd if [
H m oem;p&m
r[kwb f ;l / ol&aJ umif;vdak ewJh Edik if [ H m oem;p&m”vd@k a&;zl;ygw,f?
udu k ;kd u|e;f rSmawmh ol&aJ umif;awG&adS ecJv h @kd *k%af jymifc&hJ ygw,f? atmifyv JG nf;
cHcyhJ gw,f?
tqH;k tjzwfuswhJ wdu k yf wJG ckuw
kd ukd rf ,fq&kd if pGe@f vw $ zf @kd yikd ;f jzwfrr_ &Sb d J r&Edik f
ygb;l ? tJ'w D &m;[m Edik if aH &;e,fy,frmS tºuGi;f rJrh eS u f efw,fv@kd xifjrifryd gw,f?
aemufwcku ud, k v hf w G v f yfrt _ wGuf ud, k [
hf mud, k yf J wdu k =f u&w,fqw kd myg?
udu k ;kd u|e;f tmZmenfrsm;&J@ ao&JwhJ wdu k yf 0JG if&w J hJ atmify, JG &l w J phJ w
d "f mwf
t"Ge@f &n S yf gap?
&Jabmf zd;k oHacsmif;

7 - 9 - 2003
6
ppftyk pf k oufwrf;&Snaf eoa&GŒ

&ufav;q,fwu
kd yf t
JG wGi;f rS vif;,ke}f uD;
(1) jynfawmf!eG @f oabFm

twlvmcJ=h uolawGuvGv J @kd awG@vu kd &f wJo
h wl ikd ;f [m rsuEf mS pdr;f csn;f jzpfaeyg
w,f? od@k aomf tm;vH;k uawmh b0wlawGyg? rsuEf mS pdr;f awGq&kd ayr,fh trsm;pk[m
&if;ES;D +y;D om;qd&k ifvnf; rrSm;jyefygb;l ? emrnf=um;zl;wmvnf; &Srd ,f? owif;pum;e@J
ol@ta=umif;ud, k t hf a=umif; tjyeftvSef odae=uwmvnf;&Sw d ,f? ckawmh wa,muf
udw
k a,muf wpkuw kd pk tuJcwfv#uyf &J =dS uw,f? ud, k t hf csi;f csi;f xifjrifcsuf wd;k wd;k
ay;=u/ vlprd ;f rsm;udk todtrSwðf y[ef vSr;f ðy;H jyvdu k =f ueJ@ *emr+ird jf zpfae=uwmawmh
trSeyf g?
=umyg+yD vGecf w hJ EhJ pS f 30 avmufu tjzpftysuyf g? twdtusajym&&ifawmh
1969 ck/ azaz:0g&v D 12 tvGef noef;acgiaf usm?f ae&mu jynfawmf!eG @f oabFm
atmufxyf/ 0rf;Adu k yf ikd ;f rSmyg? tm;vH;k u txkyt f yd;k av;awG ud, k pf eD @J t0wftpm;
&,f/ pmtkyaf wG&,f/ wcsK@d usawmh aq;0g;eJ@ pm;p&mav; tenf;tyg; xnfx h m;wJh
vufqw JG efqm av;awG&,f? tvGeq f ;kH ygvS 2 xkyf 3 xkyyf gy?J 'gawmif olw@kd u
ajymvdu k =f uao;w,f? woufv;kH xm;rSmrd@k w?hJ 'ga=umifx h ifyg&ŒJ zrf;pOfuygvmwJh
ypPn;f av;awGe@J ESp&f n S v f rsm; tusO;f csc&H pOf tdru f rSmzwfwhJ pmtkyaf wGyg wcsK@d u
&vmcJ=h uw,f? use;f rma&; qdyu f rf;udk neufoef;acgif tif;pdeaf xmifuxGuv f mwJh
[D;Ed;k um;}uD;awG wpD;+yD;wpD;xd;k qdu k w
f meJ@ wa,mufpD ud, k t hf xkyu f , kd f qGw J efwm
qG/J yd;k wef;wmyd;k +yD; qdycf aH y:uwqifh oabFmay:wuf=u&w,f? ab;ESpzf ufrmS G-
3 aoewfu, kd pf eD @J ppfom;awG tjynfph w D ef;ae=uw,f?
'D ud, k &f aH wmf *k%ðf ywyfz@JG ukd jzwfav#mufpOf wGzJ ufaxmifrmS ydwaf vSmifcx H m;
&vd@k csad ewm&,f/ 0efxyk 0f efy;kd awG o,fy;kd vm&wm&,f/ &moDuvnf; at;pufxkH
usiaf ewm&,fa=umifh vlu ajcvSr;f rrSecf si?f twufrmS wcsu, f ikd +f yD; ab;buf
a&mufomG ;vdu k /f ud, k &f aH wmfrsm;u G-3 udk jym;vdu k u f yf+y;D wGe;f xkwv f u kd ef @J oabFm
7
ay: ',D;',dik f a&mufomG ;ygawmhw,f? jzpfpOfwckv;kH rSm em;csed rf &/ qufwu kd v f ykd if
oabFm0rf;Adu k x f J qif;cdik ;f jyefygw,f? avSum;u ESppf if;/ [db k uf'b D uf ,SOv f suyf g?
qif;csiw f b hJ ufu qif;vd@k &ygw,f? 4-5 vSr;f qif;vdu k w f meJ@ atmufrmS awG@&wJh
jrifuiG ;f u blwm±H/k oabFmqdyrf mS jrif&wwfwhJ twdik ;f ygy?J
ae&ma&G;xdik =f u&wJh tcsed af v;rSm ajymp&m&Sw d majym=u/ tajctaeudk wGuq f
=ueJ@ &Sad e=uw,f? &if;ES;D &mpkae=u[ef&w dS hJ v_yv f y_ &f &G jG rifuiG ;f xJrmS ol@uv kd rS ;f jrif
vdu k &f w,f? rwfwwf&yfvsuo f m;/ a&S@rmS vnf; txkyu f av; ESpx f yk /f oH;k xkyef @J
ab;rSmawmh rsurf eS x f x
l l t&yfysyyf sy/f cyfyed yf ed u f wa,muf? ud, k vf ;kH ud, k xf nf
wkww f w k cf ikd cf ikd ef @J vl}uD;u wa,muf?
ol@uakd wmh csucf si;f rSwrf v d u kd yf gw,f? Oywd±yk u f vnf; wcgawG@z;l &if arhr&wJh
±kyrf sKd ;/ t&yf&n S &f n S /f rsucf ;kH xlx/l qGaJ qmifr&_ w dS hJ rsuEf mS us/ [efyefu ,Ofaus;+yD;
tda¹EN&w dS hJ tajymtqdk tv_yt f &Sm;?
jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;vkyif ef;rsm;twGuf Adv k rf LS ;csKyaf [mif; ausmaf Zm&,f/ yrnw
rS ocif at;ausm&f ,f/ ol&,f/ usaemfw@kd òr@u d kd a&mufvmzl;w,f? usaemfw@kd u {nfch &H
wJah usmif;om;awGyg? t&yftarmif; aumif;=uolcsn;f jzpfv@kd trSwx f ifxif jzpfc&hJ m
u ckvkd awG@awG@csi;f rSwrf jd cif;vnf; jzpfEikd yf gw,f? vly*k Kd~ vftaeeJ@uvnf; b,fvrkd S
arhrypfEikd w f o hJ ?l
xdak cwfu wd;k wufwv hJ il ,fawG[m ol@pmawGukd zwf/ ol@ZmwfaumifawGukd
t±l;trl; pGv J ef;/ tm;us/ ol@tbd"mR udk vufc/H awmfveS af &;orm;jzpfcsiw f hJ tmvs
awG ay:aygu/f ol@awmfveS af &; pdw"f gwu f kd twk,&l mu awmfveS af &;orm;jzpf=uwm
renf;vSygb;l ? 'Dvekd @J cyk =J unfah v usaemfu, kd w f ikd f awmfveS af &;orm;/ olyek af usmif;
om;tjzpf axmiftqifq h ifah jymif;cJ&h mu jynfawmf!eG @f oabFmay: wufc&hJ +yDaum?
olw@kd o;kH a,muf[m avSum;ay:u a&S@qifah emufqifq h if;vmwJh usaemfw@kd ukd
pdw0f ifwpm;=unf+h yD; pum;ajymae=u[ef &Syd gw,f? atmufa&mufv@kd c%=umawmh
t&if;ES;D qH;k &Jabmf udak tmifabmf qif;csvmygw,f? olu“æa&/ avSum; ESppf if;udk
a&mufawmh cifAsm; b,favSum;u qif;oGm;rSe;f rodvu kd b f ;l ? 'ge@J eH=um;axmuf+yD;
qif;vmwm twmfyJ? cifAsm;&SdwJhtcef;udk wdkuf±dkufa&mufvmw,f? aysmfvdkuf
wm”wJ?h
“[kwu f hJ æ cifAsm; b,favSum;uqif;qif; 'Dtcef;xJa&mufrmS ygy?J aemuf
wcef;rSmvnf; avSum;ESppf if;&Sw d myJAs”vd@k toHwoH xGuv f mygw,f? ab;rSm&Sw d hJ
8
rsuEf mS pdr;f vli,fwa,muf&ŒJ &if;&if;ES;D ES;D 0ifajymvdu k wf t hJ oHyg? ol@ukd aoaocsm
csm=unfv h ukd af wmh tom;ndKndK/ t&yfjrifjh rif/h cyfo, G o f , G /f cyfuspu f spef @J cifrif
zG,&f m rsuEf mS xm;&Si?f
“usaemfemrnf cspaf qG/ jynfu Auoausmif;om;yg”vd@k wqufwnf; ol@u, kd f
olrw d q f ufawmhrS yifv,fu;l oabFmrpD;bl;wJh tnmom; usaemfw@kd wawG tm;&
yg;& &,farmrd=uygawmhw,f? olodor# vufndK;xdk;rdwfqufjyvdk@ OD;wifatmif
ab;em;u yk*Kd~ vfEpS Of ;D rSm wa,mufu OD;jroef;wif/h aemufwa,mufu auwD
OD;ausmw f ifrh eS ;f odvu kd &f jyefygw,f? rEœav;axmifraS jymif;vmol usaemfw@kd ausmif;
om;vli,fwodu k [f m wc%csi;f tif;pdeaf xmif vlcaH usmif;om;awGe@J tjyeftvSef
rdwq f uf/ tjyeftvSef &if;ES;D oGm;=uygawmhw,f?
r=umvdu k yf g? OD;wifatmifw@kd aemufem;uvlwa,muf ae&if;xdik &f if;u vJus
oGm;ygw,f? olu uwdu k u f ±duk f vSn=hf unfv h ukd +f yD; “td”k qdw k hJ u±k%moHwcsuf
xGuv f mygw,f? 0dik ;f tH=k unfv h mwJh vlav;ig;a,mufukd ab;z,fay;zd@k arwWm&yfcw H hJ
OD;jroef;wif&h ŒJ jymtuftuftoHuv kd nf; yxrqH;k t}udrt f jzpf =um;vdu k &f jyefyg
w,f? vlem avaumif;avoef@&atmif ab;vlawGuvnf; tvku d w
f od ab;ud&k JS
ay;=uygw,f? xm;wmuvnf; ukew f ifwt hJ cef; vlawGuvnf; ¹yGwo f yd af ew,f?
av0ifayguaf wGvnf; ydwx f m;wmrd@k teH@toufu raumif;? v_id ;f a=umifh oabFmu
v_y/f axmifxJ wdu k xf EJ pS &f n
S v f rsm;aecJ&h ol/ ud,k cf u H se;f rma&;raumif;ol/ touf
}u;D wJoh al wGtzd@k odycf EH ikd &f nf r&S=d uyg? vJomG ;olrmS rvnyrS OD;xGe;f =unfjzpfygw,f?
tom;ta&u 0gazsmhaeygw,f? wa,mufwcGef; ajym=uqdk=u&if; vli,fwcsKd@
avSum;ay:ajy;wuf+yD; axmiftm%mydik af wGukd ta=umif;=um;&ygw,f? csucf si;f vdk
axmifq&m0ef a'guw f m azpdef vdu k v f m+yD; ðypkay;vd@k oufomoGm;ygw,f?
(2)
udu
k ;kd u|e;f
&efuek ef @J qkd rdik f 300 ausmaf 0;owJ/h jynfawmf!eG @f oabFmeJ@q&kd if 36 em&D=um
atmif ckwaf rmif;&w,fqykd ?J tvsm;u 7 rdik f teHu 3 rdik u f s,w f ,fw/hJ oabFm
ay:rSmwif&&Sv d u kd w
f hJ A[kow k awGyg? aemufwae@ azazmf0g&D 13 &uf eHeufpmudak wmh
txufxyf wuf+yD; tokwv f u
kd pf m;&ygw,f? wdu k wf u kd q
f ikd q
f ikd f a&'D,u
kd a':vSa&$
&J@ pENuEd &M D oDcsi;f oHukd =um;&w,f? r_id w f o
hJ al wG r_id u
f ek =f uwmayg?h 14 &uf nae
9
apmif;tcsed af vmufrmS u|e;f udk uyfrad eyg+y?D wn 'DrmS wiftyd +f y;D 15 &ufeeH ufa&muf
rS Landing craft ac:wJh urf;wufa&,mOfwpD; oabFmem;uyfvmygw,f?
aexGuw f mud=k unf+h yD; oabFma&mufwhJ ae&mudk cef@reS ;f vd@k &vdu k yf g+yD? u|e;f &JŒ
taemufawmifbufrmS yg? urf;wufa&,mOfe@J xde;f odr;f cHtusO;f om;awGukd tokwf
cG+J yD; yd@k ay;ygw,f? t&m&St d &mcHe@J tr_xrf;wcsK@d uawmh aeADarmfawmfbw k u f av;eJ@
ul;=uygw,f? urf;wufa&,mOfu uke;f ay:txd wifay;wmr[kw/f rvSr;f rurf;rSm
&yfygw,f? avu+idr+f idr/f a&u=unf=unfqakd wmh atmufajc=urf;jyifuakd wmif jywf
jywfom;om; jrifae&w,f? cyfwrd w f rd x f if+yD; txkyaf wG qGq J if;vdu k w f meJ@ ‘[du k ’f
ueJ jzpfomG ;rdw,f? a&u cg;v,fausmaf usmaf vmuf eufaewmud;k ? 'Da&twuf
v_id ;f tdtu d vnf; &Sad eavawmh wud, k v f ;kH &$eJ pfomG ;ygawmhw,f?
vlpw kH meJ@ urf;pyfoaJ omifay:rSm xde;f odr;f (pkpak ygi;f 233a,muf)awG wef;pD
ay;&+yD; ppfa&;jyovdk b,fnm nd=‡ u&ygw,f? tkypf ;kd ole@J tkypf ;kd cH/ zdEydS o f el @J tzdEydS cf H
tjyeftvSef wa,muftuJuw kd a,muf =unf=h uwJt h csed yf g? ud, k x f u l , kd x f twGuf
yHpk oH iG ;f wJh oabmvnf; aqmifygw,f? usaemfw@kda&S@rmS awmh wm0ef,v l u kd yf @kd whJ rqv
Adv k rf ;ª }uD; xGe;f &ifavm axmifyikd /f axmifr;ª }uD;eJ@ axmift&m&Sw d csK@d &yfvsuo f m;
&Sad eygw,f? ytd0k v hf rl sK;d Adv
k rf ;ª }uD;u rvSr;f rurf;rSmpdu k x f x l m;wJh ‘u|e;f zG@H òzd;a&;
pcef;’qdkwJhqdkif;bkwfudk vufn‡dK;xdk;jy+yD; pum;oH0J0JeJ@ rdef@cGef;a¹cGygw,f? rSwfrd
oavmuf æ
- ajy;&J&ifajy;=u ywfvnfrmS ig;ref;awG &Sw d ,f?
- ud, k x
f u l ,kd x f tvkyv f yk =f u&r,f?
- aumif;aumif;rGerf eG af er,fq&kd if rdom;pkawGac:ay;+y;D twlaecGiðhf yr,f qdw k m
ygyJ?
'g+yD;awmhrS ud, k thf xkyu f , kd q
f +JG yD; oJaomifyyl al y:uae pcef;&S&d mudk cyfajz;ajz;
av#mufvrS ;f vmcJ=h u&w,f? ab;em;reD;ra0;rSm 0g'gawGjzef@vu dk af eayr,fh at;at;
aq;aq; vGwv f wG v f yfvyf vrf;av#muf=u&wmyg? pcef;u ta&S@buf urf;rSm&Syd g
w,f? vl}uD;awGu at;at;aq;aq;/ vli,fawGu pcef;qD pdwaf &mufae=uw,f?
wcsK@d u xGe;f &ifavm&JŒ rde@f ceG ;f aumufEw k cf suaf wGukd r=um;Ed;k em; a&&Gw&f if; tcsi;f
csi;f aemufajymifvm=uw,f? usaemfw@kd em;rSm OD;jroef;wifeh @J ausmif;aezuf oli,f
csi;f axmifyikd f OD;tke;f ausmw f @kd a&S;jzpfa[mif; atmufarhb, G af wG ajymvm=uw,f?
xGe;f &ifavmwd@k u aeADum;eJ@ xGuo f mG ;ESi=hf uyg+yD?
10
odyrf a0;wJh ae&mrSmawmh ydeyf ed &f n S &f n S f avxD; Adv k t f ek ;f armifu '%f&ma[mif;
a=umifh tenf;i,f axmheaJ xmhe@J jzpfaeayr,fh cyfou G o f uG ?f wyifrusef aiGa&mif
awmufaewJh qHyifww kd kd jzLjzLrsm;ydik &f iS /f tazG;om;oGm;awGay:atmif pum;ajym&if;
[dvk l E_wq f uf 'Dvl E_wq f ufvyk v f mwJh cyfzikd zhf ikd hf q&m &m*se?f ydeo f avmuf rmefygyg
oGuo f uG v f ufvuf &Sv d w S hJ OD;cifarmifjrif?h jzLjzLoef@oef@/ vlcef@acsm oabmtifr
wefaumif;vSwhJ tefu,f}u;D ocif cifatmif/ aeyl'%fa=umifh ol@rsuEf mS [m ac|;awG
oef;+yD; eDjref;aeygw,f? 'D=um;u tef*svmta&;tcif; tar&duefoH±Hk;a&S@rSm
qENjypOft±du k cf &H vd@k cg;±d;k usK;d oGm;wJh c&rf; udpk ed ;f 0if;}uD;uvnf; jAufus,v f w S hJ
cg;ywf}uD; ywfxm;vd@k tjrifqef;aeygw,f?
wjcm;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;u eHrnf}u;D yk*Kd~ vfawGxrJ mS vnf; odoal &m rodoyl g ygvm
=uayr,fh pdwrf 0ifpm;tm;? usaemfw@kd pGv J ef;cJw h hJ Zmwfaumifrsm;&JŒ zefw;D &Si/f ESpv f kd
zG,f trsK;d orD;i,frsm;&JŒ cspo f /l tzdEydS cf jH ynforl sm;&JŒ vif;,ke}f u;D b,fvrkd sm; v_y&f mS ;
vdu k yf gaeygvrd ?hf ol@t"duZmwfaumifawGxu J b,foel @J rsm; wlygvrd ?hf 'guykd J ydpk w d f
0ifpm;aerdygw,f? usaemf&ŒJ a&pdt k xkyu f av;awGuv kd nf; udak tmifabmfw@kd ud! k eG @f
acgiw f @kd ulqo JG mG ;+yDr@kd vG,t f w d uf av;wvH;k avmufe@J rsuaf phupm;&if; aygah ygyh g;yg;
vdu k v f mrdygw,f? vif;,ke}f uD;tay:rSm txl;tm±Hpk u kd f =unfEh ikd cf w
hJ ,f? olb,fvkd
v_y&f mS ;aeovJayg?h vli,fwOD;&JŒ ol&aJ umif; ud;k uG,cf sipf w d f t&if;cHa=umifyh J xifyg
&JŒ?
urf;wuf,mOfay:u qif;p æ urf;pyfay: ta&muf/ olu ywf0ef;usiu f kd vSnhf
ywf=unfv h u kd w f ,f? wcg yifv,fbufvn S v hf ukd uf m avn‡i;f oef@oef@ukd &ift}kH uD;
armufvmatmif ±ªoiG ;f / jyefxw k f vkyaf eygyaum? tusO;f pcef;vm;/ avn‡i;f cHpcef;
vm; olcjJG cm;odykH r&awmh? ol@Zmwfaumifuawmh Zmwfaumify?J b,fZmwfaumif
rsm;ygvrd ?hf ol@txkyaf v;olq+JG yD; at;at;aq;aq; pum;ajym&if; vltyk x f J pD;arsm
aewJo h @l ukd reD;ra0;uae usaemfu ol@e@J ol@ZmwfaumifawGukd csed x f ;kd =unfah erdw,f?
aumfzcD g;cg;aomuf&if; okawoevkyif ef;xJðrwfaewJh a'guw f m a&csr;f vm;? v,f
orm;olyek }f uD; i=oavvm;? a&ajrqH;k apawmhrS ygarmuQ xGe;f vif;vm;? b0udk
a&pHak rsm+yD; wcgw&H a,mif,rf;+yD; cspo f u l kd wrf;wwwfwhJ ygarmuQ tke;f ausmrf sm;
vm;? jynfawmfom cifcifO;D xJu b,fol æ xm;yg? ‘ol’yJvm;? 'D rde;f rtwGuf
nDi,fvnf; ao&/ pufyikd &f iS b f 0rS ud, k &f aH wmf vlru kd jf zpf&/ aiGawGuek f *k%o f a&awG
yGe;f yJu
h ek af yr,fh pdwrf ukeEf ikd ?f 'D rde;f ruom “armifa& vlwa,mufe@J tdycf siv f @kd
11
tdy, f m jyifay;ygvm;”cdik ;f &ifawmif tdy, f mcifay;ygrh ,fv h @kd ajymcJw h hJ ‘armifah rwWm’xJ
u tcsp&f ŒJ aus;u|ejf r*D0g OD;ausmw f ifv
h m;´?
OBE ar*smbdk;rif;&JŒorD; u&ifrav;eJ@ tif;pdefwdkufyGJumvtwGif;
tla=umifa=umifeJ@awG@=u+yD; oHa&mZOfwG,foGm;wJh acsmhuvufAdkvf}uD;ayyJvm;?
ppf}uD;twGi;f ol usq;kH oGm;wmrod&mS =uvd@k ppf}uD;t+yD;rSm oljyefvmapzd@k qdik &f m
bk&m;ocif toD;oD;xHqak wmif;ae=uwJh +Adwed u f |e;f ay:u ujym;rav; rm&D&,f/
jrefrmjynf &efuek òf rd@ay:u rcifp&D ,fw@kd &ŒJ cspo f ?l ‘vGr;f &pfawmh oufv,f0xWK’xJu
jynfcsppf pfom;}uD;vm;´? wa,mav;wvufe@J vGr;f ae&SmwJh ‘bke;f armif wa,muf
xJ&,f’xJu udb k ek ;f Edik v
f m;´?
*syefwufvmwht J csed f w±kw-f jrefrm vrf;r}u;D twdik ;f w±kwjf ynfx0J if xifcsKef;
òr@d ta&muf w±kwrf av; 0rfareJ@awG@ oHa&mZOfjzpf=u&mu cspaf &;xuf ppfa&;cufv@kd
jyef&awmhr,fu h mv aiGEiS ;f r_rH aH_ wGu oGe;f =uv
J @kd 'Dtcsed rf mS cGcJ mG +y;D jrefrmjynfxJ jyefvm
cJ&h wJh vGwaf jrmufa&; wyfom;}uD;vm;´? Zmwfvrf;awG/ ZmwfaumifawG rsm;jym;
vGef;awmh a&m,Suf±_yfaxG;aeygw,f? [dkvleJ@wlEdk;Edk; 'DvleJ@wlovdkvdk ,wdjywf
tajzray;Edik f jzpfaerdygw,f? wjznf;jznf;eJ@ pcef;xJr0ifrD auseyfavmufwhJ Zmwf
aumifa&G;cs,rf _ +y;D jywfomG ;cJw h ,f? [kwyf gw,f? ol[m‘òrid ’f &JŒcspo f l owif;pmq&m
‘udkwifOD;’&,fyg?
(3)
oHq;l óu;txyfxyfxu J ud, k xf ul ,
kd x
f pcef;
ppfwyfbm;wdu k yf kH taqmif 12 aqmif&ydS gw,f? awmifbufjcrf;/ ajrmufbuf
jcrf;/ 6 vH;k wef;pDcx JG m;+yD; yxrawmh tm%mydik af wGu olw@kd óuduo f vdk vlcxJG m;
wmjzpfw,f? ta&S@bufxyd rf mS zd}k uD;ESpzf ekd @J wGv J suf xrif;pm;cef; &Syd gw,f? r=um
vduk yf g usex f ed ;f odr;f awGu vltrsm;qH;k ygw}D uD;rsm;jzpfwhJ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygweD @J
tvHeyD gww D @kd ukd zdw
k zdpk D ay;xm;cJw h ,f? rvny zd/k woD;yk*v ~ zdk pojzifh zdt
k oD;oD;
ay:vmygw,f? taqmifawGuv kd nf; Auy u 5 aqmif/ tvHeu D 3 aqmif/ rvny
u 1 aqmif usew f mu woD;yk*v ~ awGtwGuef @J ypPn;f xm;wJt h cef;/ aq;cef; ponf
cGv
J ukd =f uw,f? Adv k t f ek ;f armif/ q&m &m*se/f OD;wifatmifw@kd u taqmif 4/ OD;jr
oef;tygt0if usaemfw@kd u taqmifeyH wf 9 qdak wmh awmifbuf ajrmufbuf wef;
aevd@k oHq;l óud;awG=um;u [db k uf'b D uf v_y&f mS ;r_ukd jrifae=u&ygw,f?
12
a&muf+yD;aemufwae@ a&wyfpcef;bufajymif;qdu k x f m;wJh oabFay:u &dumQ
awGo,fcsay;zd@k tvkyq f ikd ;f wqdik ;f udk um;eJ@ac:oGm;ygw,f? ‘pcef;wae&m’vd@k pm
a&;xm;wJh tdwaf wG/ yH;k awG/ txkyaf wG cs=u&w,f? um;eJ@ o,fvm+yD; tusO;f Xme
*dak 'gix f J xnfah y;&w,f? &dumQ udk tJ'rD mS xkw&f wmjzpfw,f?
qefusawmh pDru H ed ;f &S&d dS cyfapmapmuwnf;u óudy@kd xm;ygw,f? xm;wJah e&mu
u|e;f tv,fyikd ;f &Jpcef;em;rSmyg? usaemfw@kd a&mufawmh qefu a[mif;ae±Hrk u yd;k xd;k
avmufuu kd t f qifah wmif a&mufaeyg+y?D 'Dtwdik ;f jcif,v l @kd vnf; &w,f? qefaumif;
csn;f vdck si&f if ud, k zhf mom jymoef@,v l @kd cdik ;f ygw,f? Edik if aH &;orm;awGukd tcsed yf kd
ray;csiv f @kd wriftuGucf s pDpOfxm;wmyg? tyGe;f tyJh rcHEikd w f meJ@ ‘qef@oef@’qd+k yD;
tvkyftzGJ@wzGJ@ xkwfay;&ygw,f? &duQmpau;u wae@ wusyfcGJE_ef;yg? 'DtxJu
oabFmc E_wyf gao;w,f? ydyk v kd #v
H #pH m;csi&f if ud, k zhf mom pdu k pf m;qkv d @kd awmif,m
tvkyq f ikd ;f wqdik ;f / a&tqdik ;f / xif;tqdik ;f / zdt k qdik ;f ponfcv JG u
kd =f u&awmh vl}uD;
awG&,f/ ruse;f rmolawG&,fyJ useyf gawmhw,f? ud, k zhf mom ig;zrf;/ c±kiyk /f ausmuf
carmufcmG / tkeo f ;D aumuf/ tke;f yifwuf&wmawGvnf; &Sw d ,f? vdyzf rf;/ vdyOf &Sm&
wmvnf; &Sw d ,f? 'guakd wmh yHrk eS rf [kww f hJ &SmazGa&;tzG@J v@kd qdyk gr,f?
OD;wifatmifu touf 50 ydik ;f rd@k tvkyq f ikd ;f xJ rxnfyh g? OD;jroef;u 40 ausmf
jzpfygw,f? ol@uv kd nf; usaemfw@kd u rxnfch siyf g? 'gayr,fh olu ZGwv f ukd yf gw,f?
ola&G;wmu vky&f ifvyk o f avmuf yifyef;wJh xif;tqdik ;f yg? tifrwefrm/ tifrwefjrifh
vH;k ywftifrwef}uD;wJh opfeyD if}uD;awGukd a&cJcw JG hJ v$rsK;d eJ@v&JS / jzwf& ykqed ef @J c&JG
wJt h vky/f ol@uakd wmh rsm;aomtm;jzifh v$qw JG ahJ e&mrSm xm;=uygw,f?
tvkyq f ikd ;f awGukd 0g'gawGu vdu k }f u;D =uyfygw,f? 'gayr,fh b,fvrkd S xde;f r&wm
&,f/ jynfr axmifawGwek ;f u olw@kd vyk cf w hJ hJ &mZ0ifaºuG;awGtwGuf aoG;vef@aewm
&,f olw@kd u, kd w f ikd u f vnf; a&jcm;ajrjcm;rSm rwufºuGwm&,fa=umifh aemufyikd ;f
rvku d =f uawmhyg? a&mufprSm pdw0f ifpm;p&m taumif;qH;k tvkyu f yifv,fqif;+yD;
a&csK;d &jcif;jzpfygw,f? wcgcsK;d wem&D/ wokwv f l 30 udk 0g'gtapmifeh @J xkwyf gw,f?
Al;0oHq;l óud;wHcg;a&S@rmS vl 30 jynfah tmif wef;pD;apmif=h u&ygw,f? trsm;pku xkwf
ay;xm;wJh vHuw G w f D abmif;bDav;awGe@J vufxrJ mS oHacsmif;&Sn&f n S f wkw&f n S f
ud, k w f ikd v
f ufjzpf rSed ;f / vSH pwmawGe@J a[;0g;atmfae=uyHrk mS tmz&duawmwGi;f om;
Zl;vl;ppfonfrsm; ppfxu G rf ,fyh pkH rH sK;d ayguaf eygw,f?
jrif&olrsm; &ifemp&muawmh wef;pD&yfaeolawGxrJ mS axmifwiG ;f n‡O;f yrf;ESyd pf uf
13
r_rsm;a=umifh xifuse&f pfwhJ t±_;d awG/ tpif;awG/ trm&Gwaf wGukd xif;ceJ uGi;f ceJ
awG@=u&jcif;yg? tif;pdeaf xmiftusO;f om;rsm;u ydck &H ygw,f? usaemfw@kd taqmifu
udv k aS z/ wyf=uyf}uD; jrwfaqG/ taqmif 4 rS udo k uf0if;wd@k uakd wmh &if;vnf;&if;ES;D
teD;uyfvnf;ae&awmh rsufaphxJu cktcsdefxdraysmuf/ wifyg;&if;uae aygif/
ajcovH;k txd wef;pDaewJh }udr&f mawG[m jrifraumif;yg?
Al;wHcg;zGiv hf u kd w f meJ@ a[;ueJ atmfvu kd =f uum vli,fawGu a&S@raS jy;=u&yg
w,f? wem&DtwGi;f tcsed u f kd tusK;d &Spd mG toH;k csjcif;yg? ygvmwJh vufeufu&d , d m
awGe@J 'Da&us ay:vmwJah usmufw;kH ausmufcaJ wGukd aumfxw k /f vSeaf vSm=u/ awG@or#
xJu pm;aumif;r,fh a&owW0gi,fawGukd zrf;=u/ aumuf=uygw,f? vl}uD;awGu
awmh urf;pyfrmS tanmif;ajyvrf; av#mufaewwf=uw,f? tapmqH;k a&xJqif;ol
u OD;jroef;/ tcsed af phwt hJ xd a&xJu wufrvmawmhyg? rsuaf phre_ o f jl zpfv@kd cyfa0;
a0;txd rul;/ urf;pyfwav#muf acguw f @kH acgujf yef ul;aeygawmhw,f?
wcsK@d u cyfvrS ;f vSr;f &Sd tdek mqpf oabFm}uD;qDu;l oGm;+yD; oabFmay:wufum
vdt k yfwhJ oHwo kd pH / oHacsmif; wd&k n S /f oHjym;/ a=u;jym;rsm;udk ðzwf=u/ cGm=uygw,f?
vdo k avmuf&wmeJ@ azmifuav;ay: wifqu JG m jyefu;l vm wwf=uygw,f? ,lI
rukeEf ikd yf g? vl}uD;wcsK@d u a&mifpckH ±kcv HG v
S aS wG aumufavh&ydS gw,f? vli,fwcsK@d u
tdek mqpfoabFmay:rS a&xJ'ikd Af if xd;k qif;olu qif;ygw,f? 'Dvt kd csed rf mS usaemfw@kd &ŒJ
vif;,ke}f u;D uaum bmawGvyk af ew,fxifygovJ´? a&mufprSm vrf;av#mufygr,f?
touf±ª avhusifhcef;vkyfygr,f? +yD;awmhrS ykqdk;udkcg;awmif;usKdufum oJjyifay:
aZmufx;kd rd;k ar#mf tke;f yifpu kd f aevdu k yf gawmhw,f? apmapmydik ;f &ufawGrmS vufEpS zf uf
cyfcsJcsJaxmuf+yD; pdkufygw,f? aemufydkif; ydku|rf;usifvmawmh tpPa&; 0ef}uD;csKyf
bif*&l , D eH nf;vd@k ac:wJh vuf0g;ESpb f uf,u S f aemufaphux kd ed ;f +yD; pdu
k yf gw,f? t&yfu
&Snaf wmh wu,fu h kd tke;f yif}uD;yg?
usaemfwdk@a&Smif&r,fhae&m ESpfae&m&Sdygw,f? wae&mu ol tkef;yifpdkufwJh
ae&m? ajctºuGrmS avwdu k v f u
kd &f if oJre_ af wG ol@rsuEf mS ajy;uyfrmS pd;k vd@k / aemuf
wae&mu ydq k ;kd ygw,f? tcsed af phcge;D vlwðyH}uD; a&xJqif;ajy;=uwJt h cg O=ooH
ray; bmray; rsupf rd e_ rf e_ ef @J vlu0kd ifaqmifw h wfwhJ OD;jroef;a&ul;wJh urf;pyfae&m?
urf;pyfqakd yr,fh vlcg;avmuf eufwmuvm;?
14
ig;ydwu kd yf JG
usaemfw@kd rmS eHeufpmudk yJ[if;eJ@ig;yd/ naepmudk pnfow G Af ;l rsm;jzpf=uwJh trJ
om; pm;csipf m;/ 'grrS [kwf toD;Al;udo k m pm;=u&ygw,f? 'guvnf; ae@pOf&m&Sif
r[kw?f enf;enf; enf;enf; qef@pm;vd@k ae@pOfpm;Edik jf cif; jzpfygw,f? =umvmawmh
teH@uykd if rcHcsiaf wmhyg? 'gayr,fh yxrqH;k &ifqikd &f wJjh y\emu ig;ydysurf sm; xkwf
ay;wJu h pd jP zpfygw,f? 'gukd xde;f odr;f (tusO;f om;tm;vH;k u) wnDwnf; vufrcH=u
yg? use;f rma&;eJ@ rnD!w G bf ;l ? vJay;&r,fv@kd awmif;qdw k mudk tm%mydik af wGu
y,fcsygw,f? olw@kd vnf; 'Dig;ydpm;aewmyJv@kd r[kwrf [wf ta=umif;jy=uw,f?
'Dvekd @J ig;&uf=um ig;ydwu kd yf JG ay:ayguv f mcJjh cif;jzpfw,f? aoG;wd;k prf;wdu k yf JG yJOG ;D xGuf
wdu k yf rJG @kd ta&;}uD;ygw,f?
yxrtokwrf mS ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwrD S q&m &m*seOf ;D aqmifyg0ifw,f? 2 &uf
=umawmh em;jy\em&Sw d hJ q&m &m*sef vH;k 0em;xdik ;f oGm;ygawmhw,f? 3 &uft=um
rSm 'kw, d tokwf wdu k yf q JG uf0ifygw,f? 5 &ufa&mufawmh au|;wJih g;yd use;f rma&;eJ@
nD!w G rf &_ rdS &Sd q&m0efujkd y=unfyh gw,f? a'guw f m azpdeuf ‘pm;rjzpfb;l ’qH;k jzwfwm
eJ@ wdu k yf EJG ikd v f ukd yf gw,f? ig;ydaumif;awG tpm;xd;k ay;vmygw,f? vGwv f yfciG ahf wG
vnf; yk&d vmygw,f? q&m0efuakd wmh ajcmufveJ@jyefy@kd vu kd +f y;D q&m0eftopf tpm;
xk;d yd@k ygw,f? &cdik t f rsK;d om; a'guw f m ausmZf 0H if;yg? olvnf; pmempdw&f +dS yD; oabm
aumif;wmrd@k 3 veJ@ jyeftyd@k c&H jyefw,f? ol@&@J qpkd rSwðf ypum;wcGe;f uawmh “olw@kd u
Edik if aH &;orm;awG/ 'DtxJrmS aemifwae@ b,fol orw jzpfr,f/ b,fol 0ef}uD;csKyf
jzpfr,f ajymEdik w f mrS r[kwb f ”J wJ?h
wwd,ajrmufq&m0ef a'guw f m oef;atmifuakd wmh tm%mydik af wG tóuduf
awG@omG ;ygw,f? olu tm%mydik af wG tvdu k s qufqyH gw,f? aq;ac|wmvGe;f /
[efa&;jyvGe;f vd@k “rsupf u d jkd zJ/ vufuq kd .
JG ? vrf;rsm;rsm; av#muf/ a&udk aomuf
vrf;ol&J q&m0ef”vd@k pmcsK;d cH&olyg? tm%mydik af wGu toH;k wnfw h o hJ q
l akd wmh tcsed f
usww hJ ikd f jyefrv$waf wmhyg? wESpcf aJG vmuf&v dS mawmh usKyfawmhomG ;yg+yAD sm/ Further
Study (aemufxyftqifjh rifb h @GJ twGu)f rvkyEf ikd af wmhygb;l ? 'kuyQ AJ smvd@k atmfnnf;
cJ&h ol jzpfw,f?
15
(4)
&uf (40)wdu k yf JG
udk,fxludk,fx&JŒ'%fudk usaemfwdk@wawG b,ftxd cHvdkuf=u&ygovJ´
csucf si;f awmh rodomyg/ odyt f =um}uD;vnf; rapmifv h udk &f ? vtcsK@d jzwfoef;vdu k f
wmeJ@ azmfjycsuaf wGu pyg+yD? tvHerD S &JeD xGe;f pdew f a,muf xif;cG&J if; tm;jywf
arhvo J mG ;wm/ t[m&csK@d whJ use;f rma&;xdcu kd +f yD; vlxk udpk ed 0f if;vnf; arharsmoGm;cJh
wm pojzifh ñuv H m&ygawmhw,f? usaemfw@kd u &Jabmf pde0f if;udk jynfryd@k +y;D aq;ukay;
yg? ray;&if tpmiwfcq H ENjy&vdrrhf ,fv@kd &mZoHay;+yD; jyifqifygw,f? 'DawmhrS jynfr
udk jyefy@kd cyhJ gw,f? yd@k oifah om vltrsm;tjym; useaf o;aomfvnf; yd@k ray;yg? aemuf
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwrD S udx k eG ;f &Sed wf a,muf urf;yg;,HawGt=um; ausmufcarmuf
vdu k cf mG &if; 'Dvid_ ;f ±du k cf scjH cif;cH&um yifv,fxJ arsmygaoqH;k oGm;jyefygw,f? udx k eG ;f
&Sed &f @J psmyetcrf;tem;rSm ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D wifjycsuw f ckwif+yD; v_@H aqmfyg
w,f? Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; tckvkd ao=ua=u=u/ '%f&mtemw& jzpf=u&wm
[m ud, k xf u l ,kd x f ay:vpDa=umifjh zpfw,f? 'Dvrkd jzpf=u&atmif wku d yf rJG sm;wdu k =f u&
ygvdrfhr,f? tqifh 3 qifhxm; wdkufzdk@vdkr,fxifa=umif;/ (1)axmifwGif; &ydkifcGifh
wdu k yf rJG sm;/ (2)ud, k x f u l ,kd x f zsuo f rd ;f a&;wdu k yf rJG sm;/ (3) u|e;f zsuo f rd ;f a&;wdu k yf q JG +kd y;D
owfrw S vf ukd af =umif; b0wlrsm;jzpfv@kd tzG@J tpnf;aygi;f pHk vufwJG wdu k yf 0JG if=uapvdk
a=umif; pojzifh wifjyvdu k yf gw,f?
1971 ckEpS /f aEGO;D udk a&mufcyhJ g+yD? ESpcf s=D umvmawmh pnfow G Af ;l pm;vm&wJh '%f
awGukd xde;f odr;f (tcsKyfom;)rsm; vSrd chf &H ygawmhw,f? *|r;f 'pfv@kd ac:wJh tom;0ga&m*g
pwifjzpfymG ;vmygw,f? a[mwa,muf a[mwa,muf jzpfvmwmyg? b,favmuf
yJ tom;rJojl zpfygap olpu GJ yfvu kd w f meJ@ wud, k v f ;kH 0gxed of mG ;ygawmhw,f? 'DtxJrmS
&Jwyfom;a[mif;wa,mufjzpfwhJ &JeD wif+idr;f uawmh tqdq k ;kH yg? q&m0efuvnf;
vHak vmufwhJ aq;0g;ukor_ ray;awmh ydq k ;kd vmygw,f? wncsr;f oef;acgi;f ,HrmS
‘om;a&’qdw k hJ toHeuf}uD;woH =um;vdu k &f +yD; &JeD wif+idr;f toufaysmufomG ;yg
awmhw,f?
b0wltusO;f om;vnf;jzpf/ ud, k w f ikd u
f vnf; ppftm%m&Siu f w kd u kd zf @kd ydik ;f jzwf+y;D
jzpfaewma=umifh xdn k rSmyJ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D tvHeyD gwu D kd oGm;aqG;aEG;yg
w,f? oabmxm; ar;ygw,f? aemuf uset f zG@J tpnf;awGukd wzG@J csi;f / wOD;csi;f
vdu k v f aH qG;aEG;ygw,f? ygwx D rJ mS awmh &JeD wif+idr;f ruG,v f eG rf u D wnf;u v_@H aqmfr_
16
awG vkyx f m;+yD;jzpfygw,f? wdu k yf w
JG u kd af wmhr,fqw kd modwmeJ@ wdu k yf 0JG ifol (u|e;f
toH;k tE_e;f t& Striker)jzpfvakd =umif; awmif;qdrk a_ wG yvHpk +D yD; wufomG ;ygawmh
w,f? ygwu D vnf; vla&G;wJt h cg pHcsed f 3 csuef @J a&G;r,f? (1)Edik if aH &;&yfwnfcsu/f
(2)use;f rma&;/ (3)txl;wm0efr&So d rl sm; [lI jzpfygw,f?
usaemfw@kd tpku (1) óuduw f phJ cH sed ef @J a&G;yg/ (2) tzd;k }uD;ESpaf ,muf ryg&? q&m
&m*sef ESpf&ufeJ@ xdcdkufoGm;wm oifcef;pm,lyg? (3) uoHk;vHk; ay:vpD (tusKd;
ta=umif; cdkifvHk&r,f/ tuef@towfeJ@ wdkuf&r,f/ tusKd;tjrwf&Sd&r,f) t&
wdu k wf mjzpf&r,fv@kd wifjyvdu k =f uygw,f? 'Dtcgu wdu k yf 0JG ifcsio f al wG rsm;vSygw,f?
tm;vH;k uvnf; atmifbmav rJaygurf mS udk pdwu f ;l ,Of=uygw,f? udak tmifabmfqkd
&if ‘eHywf (1) rajy;aomfvnf; a&S@q;kH wef;u ygr,fxif’qdw k o hJ cD si;f av;udk ðyH;ppeJ@
r=um;Ed;k em; oDqakd eygawmhw,f? xdn k u tzG@J tpnf; toD;oD;n‡=d u&mrSm wdu k yf JG
awmif;qdck suaf wGuakd wmh cyfjrefjrefe@J oabmwlvu kd =f uygw,f?
1? &Jew D if+idr;f tavmif;udk jynfr&Sd ol@ro d m;pkxH jyefy@kd ay;&ef?
2? emwm&Snf a&m*gonfrsm;udk jynfrjyefy@kd ay;+yD; aq;ukay;&ef?
3? pnfow G Af ;l tpm; tom;pdak ºuG;&ef?
4? w&m;0if xkwaf 0wJh pme,fZif;rsm; zwf&c_ iG ðhf y&ef?
5? tdrEf iS phf ma&; qufo, G cf iG ðhf y&ef pwJh tcsuaf wGyg0ifygw,f?
wduk yf aJG umfrwDuv kd nf; acsmacsmarmarm zG@J vu kd Ef ikd yf gw,f? xpfaewJjh y\emu
uGejf rLepfygwt D aeeJ@ tiftm;rsm;rsm;oH;k +yD; wdu k cf siw f ,f? 'gukd tvHeyD gwu D róuduf
vSyg? vlenf;enf;eJ@yJ wdu k zf @kd tqdðk yygw,f? &JeD wif+ird ;f udpt P ay:u wku d &f wmjzpfv@kd
axmufxm;zd@k uvnf; vdjk yefygw,f? n‡&d if; aps;qpf=u&if;u yxrtokwrf mS vl
90 ausm&f w dS hJ uGejf rLepfygwzD rkd S 10 a,muf? tvHerD S 5 a,muf/ rvny rS 1 a,muf
aygi;f 16 a,mufjzpfomG ;ygw,f? aemufw&ufrmS yJ wdu k yf pJG jzpfygw,f? eHeufapmapm
tvif;a&mifawmif ra&mufvmao;yg? rwfvwGi;f rSmrd@k tdyv f @kd taumif;qH;k tcsed ?f
ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif ud^k m%f0if;wa,muf yxrtokww f u kd yf 0JG if&aJ bmfawGukd
wcef;0ifwcef;xGuf vdu k Ef ;_d aeygw,f? tdyaf ewJh &Jabmf&ŒJ jcifaxmifxJ vufv#K+d yD;
ajcrav;udu k ikd u
f m v_yEf ;kd vdu k w f meJ@ aiguu f eJ xvdu k v f molcsn;f yg? taqmifwikd ;f
&JŒ axmifw h ae&mrSm pwdck ef;av;awG &Syd gw,f? ud^k m%f0if;ac:oGm;wmu 8 aqmif&ŒJ
pwdck ef;jzpfygw,f?
a&eHqrD ;D tdrf rSed rf edS x f eG ;f xm;wJh pm;yGaJ b;rSm vltcsK@d &adS eygw,f? xdyrf mS tzd;k
17
}uD; ESpaf ,muf/ ab;rSm at;aq;pGmxdik af ewJh OD;wifatmif? tom;xl rsurf eS }f uD;eJ@
OD;jroef;? udkxif&Sdef(OD;wif&D)/ &cdkiftrsKd;om;}uD; OD;odef;jzL/ udkvSaz/ ponf?
aemufuvnf; wOD;pD0ifvm=u&m ausmif;om;awGjzpf=uwJh udt k ek ;f jrifv
h id_ /f / Azl;!Ge@f /
udak tmif+idr;f aemufq;kH 0ifvmwmu udak tmifxeD @J udzk ek ;f qdak wmh 10 a,mufjynfh
oGm;+yD?
vlpw kH meJ@acgi;f aqmifrsm;u &Jabmfw@kd ukd wdu k yf 0JG ifz@kd yxrtokwrf mS a&G;cs,f
xm;a=umif; 'Dwu kd yf [
JG m ig;ydwu kd yf eJG @J rwl cufc&J n S =f umrSmjzpfa=umif;/ toufpeG @f wef
pGe@f =u&rSmjzpfv@kd ydik ;f jzwfcsu&f dS r&Sd wOD;pDuakd r;jref;ygw,f?
yxrqH;k OD;wifatmifu wdu k o f ifw h thJ csed af &muf+yD/ toufpeG @f +yD; wdu k yf 0JG ifz@kd
toif&h adS =umif; at;at;aq;aq;yJ tajzay;ygw,f? ol+y;D awmh toHjymtuftufe@J
OD;jroef;&JŒ rD;yifv,fukd jzwfoef;r,ft h oH? aemuf wa,muf+y;D wa,muf&ŒJ oEMÏd mef
csorH sm;? aemufqw k rf ,fo h u l awmh wa,mufrS r&S/d ESv;kH om;wdu k yf rJG @kd tm;vH;k u
at;aq; wnf+idraf e=uwmudk cHpm;vdu k rf w d ,f? cH,cl suo f abmxm;udk ajymjy=u
wmawGrmS wcsK@d u wdw k &kd iS ;f &Si;f ? wcsK@d u jynfjh ynfph pkH kH ('DtxJrmS OD;jroef; yg˜ygw,f)
csKyf=unfv h ukd &f if ajympum;wkid ;f rSm ,H=k unfcsuef @J tm;rmeftjynft h 0 ygaewmudk
owdxm;rdw,f?
tvif;a&mifvnf; tcef;xJukd 0ifpðyvmyg+yD? xGe;f xm;wJh rSet f rd af v;&JŒ tvif;
a&mifawmif rSed af zsmv h mwJt h csed rf mS ygwaD q;rª; udak t;jrifh toifah zsmx f m;wJh qm;
cg;&nfukd wa,mufwcGuf aomufvu kd =f u+yD; ud, k thf aqmifu, kd f jyefc=hJ uygw,f?
wduk yf 0JG ifaewJah e@up+y;D b,forl S pcef;tjyif rxGu=f uawmhyg/ xif;awGuv kd nf;
vGecf w hJ w hJ ywfavmufu óudo,fxm;+yD;ESiyhf g+yD// 2 vpm rSe;f o,fxm;wmyg//
wdu k yf aJG qmif eHygwf 1 tjzpf usaemfw@kd aewJh taqmif 9 udk a&G;xm;wmjzpf
vd@k OD;jroef;/ udv k aS z/ OD;ode;f jzLeJ@ usaemfu taqmifrajymif;&awmhyg/ usew f ohJ al wG
u wjcm;taqmifawGuckd +JG yD; a&$Œ=u&w,f? OD;wifatmif ypPn;f awGuakd wmh wjcm;
Striker rsm;enf;wl &Jabmfwa,muf vdu k yf @kd ygw,f// apmifyg;yg;/ jcifaxmife@J t0wf
pm;avmufom vdt k yfygw,f? aq;±Hw k uf vlemavmufawmif ypPn;f ypP, rvdyk g?
tdypf ifawGay:rSm cyfcscJ st J yd , f meJ@ tpmtiwfco H al wGuvG+J yD; wjcm;r&Syd g? wcsK@d ab;
rSmawmh aq;vdyf wvdyfESpfvdyf/ pmtkyfwtkyf ESpftkyf&Sdyg&J@? eH&HawGay:rSmawmh
urBmyh pPn;f rJh acgi;f aqmif;}uD;awG&@J yHw k yl ef;csu D m; rD;cHjym;}uD;awG tòrdio hf m; csw d f
xm;ygw,f?
18
wef;zGichf sed af &mufwmeJ@ xde;f odr;f tm;vH;k pcef;Al;0udk oGm;=uygw,f// tm%m
ydik af wGuakd c:awG@+yD; awmif;qdck suaf wG awmif;ygw,f? olw@kd u txufukd wifjyay;yg
r,fv@kd ta=umif;jyefwme@J awmif;qdck suaf wG r&rcsi;f 'Dae@up+yD; wdu k yf 0JG if+yDjzpf
a=umif; a=unmvdu k cf =hJ uygw,f? aemufawmh æ
&JeD wif+idr;f udk owfwm (ppftpd;k & ppftpd;k &)
zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf _ (zsuo f rd ;f ypf zsuo f rd ;f ypf)
axmifwiG ;f tcGit hf a&; (csucf si;f ay; csucf si;f ay;)
pwJah ºuG;a=umfoaH wG v#w H ufomG ;ygw,f? ('Dvakd ºuG;a=umfow H ikd wf hJ tvkyf
[m ae@pOftvkyjf zpf+yD; eHeufw}udrf naew}udrf wdik =f uygw,f? &uftwef=um
vmwJt h cg Striker awG ryg&awmhyg?)
9 em&Dtcsed af vmufrmS axmiftm%mydik af wGe@J twl q&m0ef a'guw f moef;
atmif a&mufvmygw,f? olw@kd u “tckvkd tpmiwfcH wdu k yf 0GJ ifwmrSm rdrw d OD;csi;f &Jh
oabmxm;[kwf æ ær[kw”f vdu k af r;ygw,f? tdypf if 4 ck&w dS t hJ euf OD;wifatmife@J
OD;jroef;wk@d tyd pf ifu usaemfe@J rsuaf pmif;xd;k ta&SŒajrmufbufrmS &Sw d ,f? tm;vH;k [m
wdwq f w d +f idrof ufaeygw,f? 'gah =umifv h nf; olw@kd &@J ajzqdo k aH wGukd &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;
=um;=u&w,f? vl}uD;awGjzpfwt hJ wdik ;f at;at;aq;aq; wnfwnf+idr+f idr?f od@k aomf
jywfjywfom;om;&Sv d w S hJ olw@kd toH? r&rcsi;f wdu k rf ,fqw kd hJ ydik ;f jzwfcsuaf wGukd =um;
wmeJ@ usew f v hJ il ,fyikd ;f u ajymcsiv f eG ;f vd@k v_yv f y_ &f &G G vnfwqef@qef@ jzpfaewmudk
vnf; owdxm;rdw,f? awmfveS af &;orm;}uD;awG&@J wdu k yf 0JG ifo[ H m vli,fawGukd
tm;jzpfapwmuawmh &Si;f aeygw,f? ud, k u hf akd r;vmawmhvnf; &Si;f &Si;f jywfjywf ajzcs
vdu k rf wd ,f? q&m0efe@J twl Male nurse vd@k ac:wJh a,musmf ;olemðywa,mufvnf;
ygvmygw,f? ‘i&Jjynfukd olw@kd wawG bma=umifrh sm; vdv k v kd m;vm; oGm;aeygvrd ’hf
vd@k rsm; pOf;pm;aeovm;rod? yxr ol@rsuv f ;kH rsm;u 0dik ;f 0dik ;f vnfaewmudk jrifvu kd f
rd+y;D aemufawmh +ird +f y;D awGaeygw,f? q&m0efu wdu k yf 0JG ifot l m;vH;k udk aq;ppfw,f/
aygicf sed =f unfw h ,f? +yD;awmh aq;rSww f rf; a&;ygw,f? 'g[m ae@pOfvyk if ef;yg?
tkycf sKyfoal wGbufu yxrqH;k vSr;f vmwJh ajcvSr;f uawmh &JeD wif+ird ;f tavmif;
udk awmif;jcif;jzpfygw,f? tavmif;udk jymcs+y;D jyefy@kd ay;r,f? usew f ahJ wmif;qdck suaf wG
txufukd wifjyxm;w,f? 'D=um;rSm cifAsm;wd@k taeeJ@ wdu k yf u JG q kd ufwu kd Ef ikd w
f ,fv@kd
ajymvm=uygw,f? 'gukd wdu k yf aJG umfrwDu y,fcsvu kd yf gw,f? xrif;zdrk S oHacsmif;
acgufoHrsm; r=um;&awmhyg? wpcef;vHk; wdwfqdwf+idrfoufaeygw,f? tm;vHk;&JŒ
19
v_yf&Sm;r_[m jiifjiifomomcsnf; jzpfukefygw,f? ajym=uqdk=u&ifvnf; wdk;wdk;
wdwfwdwfom? &JeDwif+idrf;&JŒacgif;udk olaewJheHygwf 7 taqmifeJ@ tvHeDzdk=um;
rsuaf pmif;xd;k ajruGuv
f yfay:rSm wJx;kd +yD; pifwifxm;ygw,f?
wdu
k yf 0JG if&ufawGxu J a0'em
yxrywf æ
tpmtdr&f ŒJ awmif;qdrk /_ qENrv S mwJth odt& rsupf x d rJ mS xrif;eJ@ tom;[if;
qDyscH suf twH;k }uD;awGcsn;f jrifa,mifaerdw,f? tvªtrd rf mS csux f m;wJh 0ufom;
w',ft;kd csuaf vmufukd wa,mufwnf; ukeaf tmifpm;ypfcsif aew,f? Oykoaf pmifh
pOfucHpm;&wJh qmavmifrw G o
f yd rf _ a0'em[m w&ufxufw&uf jyif;xefonfxuf
jyif;xefvmygw,f? t&Sed w f nD;nD; awmifavmifvm&mrS 7 &ufavmuft&Srd mS txGËf
txdyaf &mufygw,f? rcHr&yfEikd af tmif qmwmyg? tdyrf ufxt J xd tpm;taomuf
awG wwef;vef;vef; vdu k yf gvmavh&w dS ,f? yxrywf a0'emudk pm;csiaf omufcsiw f hJ
tmomqENw@kd &ŒJ awmifw h r_ oDwif;ywfv@kd emrnfay;csiyf gw,f? 'D awmifw h r_[m
'kw, d ywf tpydik ;f &ufawGtxd (pkpak ygi;f 10 &ufcef@)ay:aewmyg?
qmwmawmh trSeyf aJ yg?h 'gayr,fh 'D=um;xJu usaemfw@kd wawG[m awmfveS w f hJ
ol&aJ umif; tmZmenfawG&ŒJ ta=umif; ðypkcsuaf wGukd avhvmaeEdik cf =hJ uw,f? pm
orm;/ ayorm;jzpfwhJ olw@kd EpS af ,muf[m at;aq;+idro f ufpmG ae&if; pmawGzwf
ae=uwmvnf; jrifae&w,f? q&m &m*se&f ŒJ tawG@tñuHa=umifh usaemfw@kd u vl}uD;
awGjzpfwJh tqDtom;r&SdwJh pmorm;ayorm; olwdk@ESpfa,muftwGuf ydkpdk;&drfrd
=uw,f? ydk tav;xm;=uw,f? 'gukd olw@kd u ody*f ±kxm;yHk r&/ wdu k yf rJG mS ESv;kH rwkef
&ifrckebf J pepfwus yg0ifqifEaJ$ e=uwmudo k m awG@&w,f? olw@kd [m qD;oGm;cef;vkyf
xm;wJh pwdck ef;bufukd ajz;ajz;csi;f xav#mufvmwwf=uw,f? pwdck ef;u usaemf
ajc&if;bufrmS &Sw d mrd@k olw@kd tygt0if tpmiwfco H l tm;vH;k &JŒ tajctae cGet f m;Av
usef ruseu f kd usaemfu jrifae&w,f? olw@kd ukd pwdck ef;eJ@ eD;wJah e&mrSm rxm;=uwm
rSm;ovm;yJv@kd awG;rdwmvnf; &Sw d ,f? 'gayr,fh teH@uawmh oufomEdik yf gw,f?
'gawmif vlenf;wJt h cef;rd@k ?
pwdck ef;txGurf mS awmh yxrqH;k awG@&wJh usaemhu f akd &m usef Striker rsm;udyk g
ðyH;jyE_wfqufwwf=uw,f? rsm;aomtm;jzifhuawmh ðypkol&JabmfawGeJ@ wcgw&H
tysi;f ajyatmif vma&mufpum;pjrnf ajym=uwJh &JabmfawGe@J tcsed u f ek =f uwmyg?
20
'gayr,fh ðypko&l aJ bmfawGa&m tjyif&aJ bmfawGa&m Strikertcsi;f csi;f yg cHpm;ae=u&
wJh a0'emta=umif; ‘a,mif’vd@k rS pum;rpyfr=d u? 'gukd jyefpOf;pm;=unfah wmh ajym
p&m rvdw k u hJ pd ?P Striker &JŒ rmeudx k cd u
kd af pr,fh udpv P @kd tvdv k kd cH,x l m;=uovm;
rodyg? 'DtxJu usaemfu wOD;csi;f taeeJ@ xkwrf ajymaomfvnf; pd;k &draf ewJh udpP
wckawmh &Syd gw,f? txl;ojzifh OD;wifatmifrmS tpm;tdraf &m*g&w dS ,fv@kd =um;zl;
xm;avawmh 'D'%fa=umifh ydck &H cufrvm;qdw k hJ pd;k &drpf w
d yf g? &Snv f sm;vSwhJ ae@wmawG
udk wae@+yD;wae@ jzwfoef;ae=u&ygw,f? b,foal wG tdy, f may: vJaeae/ xl;xl;
jcm;jcm; &Jabmf atmifxD wa,mufuawmh tv,ftal =um wrHwvif;vrf;twdik ;f
wzsyzf syef @J vrf;av#mufaeavh&ydS gw,f? tdy, f may:vSaJ ecsed f tenf;qH;k vlyg? 'D=um;
xJ a&'D,o kd wif;awG ulzrf;ay;aewwfygao;w,f?
xrif;touf 7 &ufqw kd hJ yxrywf+yD;qH;k csed rf mS wdu k yf aJG umfrwDu wku d yf t
JG &Sed f
&a&; tm;opfavmif;a&;twGuf jyifqif=uygw,f? tvm;wl tkypf ;kd olrsm;bufu
vnf; ajcvSr;f opfrsm; pwifvrS ;f vmygw,f? axmifrif;}uD; OD;+idr;f v_id f &efuek u f qif;
csvmygw,f? zdEydS af &; udprP mS xH;k pHtwdik ;f olw@kd u ±du k &f wJh wkwt f qifo h myg? &efuek f
axmufvrS ;f a&;&,f/ u|e;f ay:&Sd a&wyfu wm0ef&o dS al wG&,f n‡Ed id_ ;f +yD;ay;wJth rde@f ukd
olw@kd u taumiftxnf azmfaqmif&jcif;om jzpfygw,f?
'kw, d ywf 8 &ufajrmufae@

tavmif;vkyJG æ
'kw, d tokwf wdu k yf 0GJ ifr,fo
h l 30 [m qm;cg;awGaomuf+yD; taqmifeyH gwf
10 (wdu k yf aJG qmif-2)rSm ae&m,lvu kd =f uyg+yD? usaemfw@kd &JabmfawGxu J vl}uD;ydik ;f
taeeJ@ OD;cifarmifjrif/h OD;wif&w D @kd yg0ifvmygw,f? wjcm;xif&mS ;ol ausmif;om;
rsm;xJrmS ud^k m%f0if;/ udv k =S unf/ zd;k oHacsmif;/ udak tmifabmf/ udo k uf0if;/ ud!
k eG @f acgif
polw@kd ukd rSwrf ad eygw,f? ppfwyfrS udt k ek ;f armf/ wyf=uyf}uD; jrwfaqG/ wyf=uyf}uD;
wif0if;wd@k yg ygw,f?
vkyf±dk;vkyfpOf aºuG;a=umfoHrsm;wdkif+yD;wJhaemuf r=umvdkufyg? axmifrif;}uD;
OD;+ird ;f v_id af cgi;f aqmifwhJ axmiftr_xrf;awG[m tavmif;eJ@ teD;qH;k wHcg;aygujf zpfwhJ
pcef;ta&S@awmifbufaxmifh aemufab;wHcg;aygurf mS jzef@+yD;ae&m,lygw,f? yxr
qH;k tavmif;udk awmif;ygw,f? usaemfw@kd u ray;yg? 'Dawmh wHcg;udzk iG +hf yD; twif;
0ifvyk gawmhw,f? olw@kd rmS tiftm;w&mcef@&adS vawmh tqdik ;f eJ@ tvSnu hf s0ifvw k m
21
udk =uHŒ=uHŒcH awmifx h m;&ygw,f? olw@kd u tm;ukeo f ;kH wJt h cg usaemfw@kd bufu rEdik f
reif;jzpf+yD; 'kw, d tokwf wdu k yf 0JG ifoal wG yg0ifwm;&ygw,f? tjyeftvSef wGe;f =u/
ud,k v f ;kH csi;f wdu k =f u/ eif;=uygy?J 'kw, d tokwf Striker awGrmS qm;cg;'%fa=umifh
tdro f majy;&/ 0ifu&l eJ@ zwfzwf armaeygw,f? yxrtokwf StrikerawGuawmh
bmrSrwwfEikd yf g? yG=J unfyh &dowftjzpf xifjrifcsuaf y;±Hk tm;ay;±Ho k m wwfEikd yf gw,f?
0g'gawG vufyef;usomG ;wJt h cg wyfacgu+f y;D opfyifaf wGatmuf xdik o f x l ikd /f vSo J l
vS+J yD; tem;,lygw,f? tm%mydik af wGu t&uf 9 armif;wdu k +f yD; armif;wifvu kd /f
xGuv f v k ukd /f yrf;wJt h cg jyefem;vdu k f vkyaf eygw,f? ajymzd@k &mwck useo f mG ;wmu
tavmif;prvkcif ol@wyfu, kd whf yfjyifaepOf OD;+idr;f v_id u f 'DbufrmS vdu k v f OH ;D pD;}uD;
=uyfaeol q&m &m*seu f kd “q&m q&mhtwGuf q&muawmfay;vdu k w
f phJ meJ@ tpm;
taomufav;awG usaemfe@J ygvmw,f? tyd@k vw $ vf u kd &f rvm;”vd@k oHq;l óud; tjyif
bufu atmfajymygw,f? q&m &m*sef pdww f pkd wd ±f y_ of mG ;yH&k +yD; “xm;vdu k pf rf;ygAsm?
ta&;xJrmS wdu k yf +JG yD;rS pum;ajymr,fv@kd ” wk@H jyefvu kd wf mudk OD;wifatmif t}uD;
tus,o f abmusomG ;+y;D toHxu G af tmif &,fygw,f? tm;vH;k uvnf; 'DtuGuu f kd
oabmus+yD; &,fo&l ,f/ ðyH;olðyH; jzpfuek =f uygw,f?
rGe;f wnfo h mG ;yg+yD? axmif0g'gawG 0if0ifvw k hJ wHcg;ayguv f nf; jyefyw d o f mG ;yg+yD?
olwdk@vnf; xrif;pm;=u/ opfyifatmuftdyf+yD; em;olem;=u/ usaemfwdk@uvnf;
taqmifxjJ yef0ifol 0if/ vkypf &m&Sw d mvkyo f l vky/f uif;apmifo h u l apmifeh @J tcs}D uD;
em;vdu k =f uygw,f? 'gayr,fh taumuf^m%frsm;vSwhJ axmiftr_xrf;awGu tvpf
rSm tuG,w f ckrS oHq;l óud;awGujkd zwfum w[kex f ;kd ajy;0ifvm=uw,f? aemufawmh
tvG,fwul acgif;udk o,froGm;EdkifcJhw,f? ydk+yD; ,kwfrmyufpufwmuawmh
tavmif;udk avwifuae rD;wif±@dª vu kd jf cif;yg? teH@q;kd }u;D a=umifh wpcef;vH;k atmf*vD
qefoGm;ygawmhw,f? ajy;a&Smifp&mvnf; ajru r&Sd? wdkufyGJuawmh t&Sdefrysuf
qufvufcsw D ufqyJ g?
'kw,
d tywf a0'em
&moDuyl &ifwiG ;f u yl? cENmud,k w f ckv;kH rD;wif±@d_ c&H ovdk avmifòrdujf cif;cHae
=uwJth csed ?f a&aomufvnf; wc%yJ oufomwJt h jzpfyg? t&om t&Sq d ;kH uawmh
pcef;xJrmS ud, k zhf momwl;xm;wJh wGi;f ESpw
f iG ;f u a&at;at;udk pdrcf sK;d =u&jcif; jzpf
ygw,f? ðypko&l aJ bmfawGu taqmifEpS af qmif=um; iSuaf ysmyif&yd rf mS a&at;at;
22
t&efoifh cyfay;xm;wmrd@k avmif;vdu k wf meJ@ wud, k v f ;kH at;jroGm;+yD; &yfcsi/f awmf
csipf w d f r&Sad wmhyg? cyfay;wJh &JabmfawGukd tm;emvd@k om &yfvu kd =f u&ygw,f?
ðypka&;wm0ef,x l m;wJ&h aJ bmfawG[m tifrwefyifyef;=uygw,f? wGaJ c:a&csK;d ay;
±Hrk u oef@&iS ;f a&; vkyaf y;/ t0wfawGupkd +k yD; ðywfav#maf y;wmvnf; vky&f ygw,f?
pum;pjrnf xdik af jymay;&wmuawmh tjrJwrf;tvkyyf g? aemufyikd ;f a&mufwt hJ cg
vrf;av#mufcsif&if wGJav#mufay;&ygw,f? olwdk@awG[m tajymif;tvJawGudk
tjrJwrf;ar#mfvifhxm;&+yD; vla&mpdwfyg ‘owd’taetxm;rSm &Sdae=u&ygw,f?
wdu k yf 0GJ ifoal wGuawmh ab;rSm&JabmfawG&adS ewmrd@k pdwu f kd wajzmifw h nf; xm;+yD;
wdu k v f @kd &ygw,f? (e0wacwf/ etzacwfrmS awmh 'DtcGit hf a&;rsK;d awmif ray;yg? ydk
qd;k ygw,f? E_id ;f ,SO=f unf&h if rqvacwfu twkta,mif qd&k , S v f pf rsuEf mS zH;k pGyf
xm;wJah cwf/ 'Dacwfusawmh ajymifajymifwifwif; ppftyk cf sKyfa&; bDv;l acgi;f aqmif;
xm;wJh acwfayud;k )?
'kwd,tokwf0ifwJhtcsdefrSm ðypkolawGtaeeJ@ ajcEdkifvufEdkif &Sdygao;w,f?
Striker awGuvnf; wcsKd@udpPawGrSm udk,fxludk,fxvkyfEdkifwJh taetxm;yg?
'gayr,fh wwd,tokw0f ifvmwJt h csed uf sawmh ðypkcrH ,fo h u l rsm;/ ðypkoOl ;D a&u
enf;oGm;yg+yD? t&yfom;pum;eJ@ajym&&if b,forl S ‘racsmif’yg? tzd;k }uD;rsm;vnf;
tzd;k }uD;rsm;tavsmuf tdyaf &;ysux f m;vd@k rsuw f iG ;f awGu a[mufywf? 'kw, d ywf
rSmvnf; Strikerrsm;tzd@k qmavmifrw G of yd jf cif; 'D*&Du usroGm;? 'gayr,fh wrf;wr_
trsKd;tpm;rSmawmh jcm;em;oGm;yg+yD? qDysH[if;awGudk rawmifhwawmhyg? rkef@awG/
aygifrkef@/ udwfrkef@/ xdk;rkef@/ [mv0g/ ua&u&mrS rkef@jym;ovuftxd acgufqGJ/
rke@f [if;cg;/ =umZH}uD;csuv f nf; pm;csiyf gw,f? aemuf+yD; EGm;Ed@k csKcd sKq d vkd nf; wyH;k
avmufukd wa,mufxeJ @J ukerf ,fxifaeygw,f?
wwd,ywf
wwd,tokwt f aeeJ@ aemufxyf 47 a,muf wdu k yf 0JG ifvmygw,f? wwd,
tokwu f kd taqmifeyH wf 8 rSmxm;+yD; ydw k o
hJ al wGukd tvHeaD qmifjzpfwhJ taqmif
eHygwf 7 rSm xm;ygw,f? wdu k yf 0JG ifopl pk ak ygi;f [m xde;f odr;f OD;a&&JŒ w0ufe;D yg; jzpf
vmcJyh g+yD? usaemfw@kd tzG@J tpnf;taeeJ@ ajym&,if Striker OD;a&u ydrk sm;aeygw,f?
cktcsed x f d tm%mydik af wGbufuvnf; cyfat;at;/ usaemfw@kd bufuvnf; t&Sed f
D ufaeqJ? StrikerawG@&ŒJ aygicf sed af wGuawmh waygi+f y;D waygif avsmu
rSerf eS ef @J csw h svm
23
aeygw,f? pdw"f mwfbufrmS awmh awmifwufc&D;udk wxpf+yD;wxpf wufvrS ;f ae=u
ovdk cHpm;rdw,f? aoG;ylavhusichf ef;+yD;vd@k t&Sed &f pvnf; ðyaeyg+yD? tzG@J tpnf;aygi;f pHk
yg0if=uwmrd@k tm;usrcHpwd af wGuvnf; ud, k pf &D =dS uygw,f?
wwd,ywf a0'em
tm;&yg;& 0g;pm;&wJh tpm;taomufrsK;d udk rwrf;wawmhyg? a&cJprd b f v d yf&nf/
=uH&nf/ zmvl'g/ tdu k pf u&if ponfrsK;d t&nf&rG ;f wJh opfo;D rsm;udo k m awmifw h vm
ygw,f? taqmifab; oabFmyifay:u rSn0hf if;aewJh oabFmoD;awGukd tmomirf;
irf; =unfrh w d ,f? awmfawmf'u k aQ y;wJh t&mawGygvm;? pm;r,fo h v l nf; r&S?d wefz;kd rJh
jzpfae&Sm=uw,f? &ifx0J rf;xJrmS ylaewJt h ody&J w dS ,f? [ke;f [ke;f xaewmyg? &moD
uvnf; ylwv hJ ? ud, k ef @H awGa=umifyh v J m;/ wd&pd m> efawG&ŒJ ADZtoda=umifv h m; rajym
Edik ?f yk&u
G q f wd af wGu v_y&f rSm tm;r&Sad wmhwhJ vlemawGukd wuf+yD;udu k =f uygw,f?
tom;awGukd zJph m;ae=uwmyg? udu k w f ahJ e&mrSm wGi;f uav;awG jzpfuse&f pfygw,f?
'ga=umifv h nf; vlemapmif&h aJ bmfawGu apmif+h yD;owfay;ae&ygw,f? olw@kd rmS vnf;
tvkyfu trsm;om;? StrikerawGrsm;vmawmh wOD;csif;vnf; apmifhr=unfhEdkif?
wjcm;buf vSno hf mG ;wmeJ@ 'DbufrmS udu k Ef iS +hf yD? aemufawmh vlemab;rSm twm;
tqD;tjzpf a&eHqu D iG ;f +yD; okwaf y;ygw,f? yk&u G q f w d f jy\emwufwm[m wwd,
tywfuek cf ge;D tcsed v f @kd rSwrf ad eygw,f?
ylwahJ vmifwhJ udpu P kd ajymcJyh g+yD? 'gawmif usaemfw@kd tokwu f 16 a,mufxJ
ae&mwmrd@k vlu acsmif/ av0ifavxGuu f aumif;ygw,f? vl 30 pDae&wJh 'kw, d
tokwef @J wwd,tokwf tcef;awGrmS awmh yd+k yD; ylavmifayvdrrhf ,f? 'ga=umifv h nf;
naeapmif;wmeJ@ taqmifxu J xGu˜f xGuv f mwwf=u+yD; taqmifEpS af qmif=um;&Sd
iSuaf ysmyif&yd f oabFmyif&yd af wGrmS cd=k u&w,f? wwd,ywfausmv f mawmh a&csK;d
xGuo f al wG&ŒJ yHyk ef;o¾mef[m edrw d }f uD; 4 yg;xJu olto kd el mawGtwdik ;f jzpfvm
ygw,f? t&yf&n S &f n S ef @J e*du k rSyed =f uwJh OD;wifatmifw@kd udt k ek ;f jrifv
h id_ w f @kd q&kd if ES;D jym;
axmifxm;ovdk jzpfaeyg+yD? usaemfw@kd vnf; a&csK;d wJt h cg a&avmif;vdu k w f meJ@ cg;±_@H
abmif;bDwkd atmufav#mav#mygomG ;wwfv@kd vufe@J ujymuoD qGw J if&wm t}urd f
}udryf g?
usaemfaoaocsmcsm rSwfrdaeygw,f? taqmifajrmufzsm;uae+yD; wa&G@a&G@
av#mufvmwJh olyo kH ¾mefyg? &Snv f sm;vSwhJ ol@t&yf}uD;[m yd&k n S v f movm;vd@k
24
awmif xifvu kd rf w d ,f? ðypko&l aJ bmfu ab;em;rSmuyfvu kd yf gvmayr,fh wGpJ &mrvdk
ol@zmom av#mufvrS ;f vmygw,f? qD;oGm;cef;xJ0ifomG ;+yD; jyeftxGurf mS usaemfw@dk
tdypf ifbuf=unfv h u kd u f m ðyH;E_wqf ufygw,f? E_wu f awmh bmoHrS rxGurf vmyg?
wa&G@a&G@av#mufvrS ;f oGm;wJh ol@ausmjyifu=kd unf+h yD; vGecf w hJ EhJ pS uf abmfvaD bm wyGJ
udk jyefowd&vdu k rf w d ,f? pufwifbm 1 &uf jynfo@l wyfrawmfae@ txdr;f trSwyf JG
ae@rmS tm;upm; òydiyf JG aysmyf /JG &$iyf aJG v;rsm; vkyjf zpf=uygw,f?
'DpOfu &Syt f usv ô uf&n S f teD&if&h if}h uD;0wfv@kd / vif;,ke}f uD;[m a&S@wef;ckw±f u kd f
oltjzpf v$m;ceJvm$ ;ceJ ckeyf su H pm;aeygw,f? 'gayr,fh olw@kd acwfupm;enf;eJ@ ck
upm;enf;pepf pnf;rsO;f awGu rwlawmhyg? 'ga=umifh azmif; c%c% tay;cH&ygw,f?
'ga=umifh olw@kd toif;uy`wed u f ol@ukd xkwv f u
kd yf gw,f? uufyw ` ed v
f yk of u l vli,f
ausmif;om; wa,mufyg? 'gayr,fh ol[m usK;d EGpH mG uGi;f xJu xGuaf y;&Smygw,f?
vl}uD;rsm;csnf; upm;wJhyGJrSmvnf; ol 0ifupm;ygw,f? 'DyGJuawmh òydifyGJr[kwf
taysmyf jJG zpfv@dk pnf;urf;rxm; [db k uf 'Dbufa&muf&if+yD;a&mqdw k hJ yGrJ sK;d yg? q&m
&m*se}f uD;Adu k u f kd abmvH;k rSev f @kd Adu
k yf w G +f yD; xGuo f mG ;&wm? OD;jroef; abmvH;k udk
rsurf eS ;f rSe;f upm;aewmawG awG;rdawmhvnf; ðyH;csio f vdv k kd tjzpfro d m;?
nrSmuwJh jyZmwfwyk'frSmvnf; oleJ@OD;jroef;udk cspfpEdk; aemufajymif=uwJh
tuGuaf wG xnfx h m;ygw,f? ±kyef @J erf b,f[m t"duusovJ aqG;aEG;=u&mrSm
q&mawmf OD;"rR/ uy`, d OD;ayoD;eJ@ 'um}uD;wa,muf&ŒJ aqG;aEG;cef;udk y&dowf
oabmus=uygw,f? q&mawmfu ol@rmS 'umESpaf ,muf &Sw d ,f? 'DtxJu 'um
armifjroef; ‘arwWmtoacsF 0wˆK bmha=umifah &;&w,f’qdw k meJ@ tkyx f nfv h u kd w
f ,f?
use'f um armifwifatmifuawmh tm;wJt h cg tke;f yifyJ pdu k af eavh&adS =umif;
pum;cif;vdu k jf yefw,f? uy`, d OD;ayoD;u ‘tke;f oD;u b,fEpS v f ;kH oD;+yDvJ bk&m;’vd@k
axmifar;vdkufw,f? 'DtcgusrS q&mawmfu ‘ESpfvHk;yJoD;wm awG@&ouGJ@’vdk@
aqmfxnfv h u dk w f mudk olw[m;[m; &,faewJyh u kH vkd nf; jrifrw d ,f? wcg udjk rifOh ;D
opf}uD;u a'gufwm a&csrf;udkavmifwJhtaeeJ@ ygarmuQ =uyfcdk;qdkwJh wcef;&yf
jyZmwfav; wifcw hJ mvnf; &Sw d ,f? olw@kd EpS af ,mufpvH;k [m emrnfausmf pma&;
q&m}u;D rsm;vnf; jzpfjyef/ vli,fawGuv kd nf; av;av;pm;pm; wefz;kd xm; qufqaH vh
&Sjd yefwma=umifh tm;vH;k u cifrif=uygw,f? olw@kd &ŒJ v_y&f mS ;r_ukd tm;vH;k u pdw0f if
pm;=uygw,f? OD;jroef;u r,f'vifav; wD;vdu k /f wa,mav; aumufx;kd vdu k f
&ifvnf; pdw0f ifpm;=u cHpm;=u? ar;cGe;f awG xkww f wf=uw,f? oluvnf; i,fpOfrmS
25
r,f'vif,ók udif vufraD tmifq+kd yD; avhusiyhf u kH tp jyefajymavh&ydS gw,f? OD;wif
atmif wa,mxd;k &ifawmh aqG;aqG;ajrŒajrŒ wrf;wrf;wweJ@ pGx J ifaeatmif a&;zG@J
wwfwhJ 0wˆKawG ol@Zmwfvu kd af wGukd jrifa,mifrw d wf=uw,f? olvnf; ckawmh
udu k ;kd u|e;f &JŒ aiGvomwJn h csr;f awGrmS bke;f armifwa,mufx&J ,fygvm; vd@k pmem
rd=uw,f? u|e;f b0rSm OD;wifatmif pma&;w,fqw kd myJ odygw,f? pum;rpyfrv d @kd
bmawGa&;+yD;rSe;f rodyg? wcef;wnf;om; OD;jroef;udak wmh &JabmfawGtwGuf vdk
tyfr,fh bmomjyefawG wGe;f jyefwm awG@&w,f? pmawGukd rsurf eS ef @J yGww f u kd +f yD;
zwfaewmyg? 'Dta=umif;eJ@ywfouf+y;D ar;rdwt hJ cg ArmjynfrmS yg0gtrsm;qH;k vif;,kef
OD;b0if;u 'D*&D 1600 / olu 'D*&D 1500 &Sad =umif; ajymzl;wmudv k nf; a&;a&;jyefay:
vmygw,f? ESp=f umvmawmh trSwv f v JG mwmvnf; jzpfEikd yf gw,f?
OD;jroef;taeeJ@ &Sw d phJ mtkyaf wG zwfuek o f mG ;+yD; zwfp&mruseaf wmhb;l vd@k b,f
awmhrS nnf;xGm;avh r&Sd? zwfp&mygvsm;oGm;wJhtcg tbd"mefpmtkyf}uD;awG
aumufzwfaewm awG@&wwfw,f? zwfwmuvnf; tacguaf cgut f cgcg? 0wˆKzwf
ovdk zwfaewmjzpfw,f? wcgwav tvGwu f suaf eovm;vd@k awmif xifryd gw,f?
odcsiw f phJ mvH;k awG&rdS S aumufveS w f wfwhJ usaemfw@kd tzd@k erlem,lp&myg? bmomjyefwhJ
tcgrmS vnf; olupmtkyef @J rsurf eS f yGwq f o JG mG ;&mu tvGw&f w G o f mG ;wJh pum;oHukd
aemufu vdu k af &;=u&wmyg? bmomjyef+yD;wJt h cg tvkyo f rm; &Jabmf}uD;awGukd
t&ifzwfcikd +f yD; em;vnfrvnf ar;ygw,f? aemufq;kH 'l;&if;od@k acsycsuu f kd bmom
jyefpOfu bmom&yf toD;oD;eJ@ acszsuw f @kH jyefcw hJ phJ mtkyrf @kd aq;ausmif;om;/ ocsmF
q&m/ &lyaA'/ "mwkaA'ausmif;om;awGe@J a0g[m& n‡Ed id_ ;f wm tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;
=uwm? +yD;wJt h cg ,Ofaus;r_ a&csed t f edrq hf ;kH &JabmfawGukd ay;zwfwmawG owd&
rdw,f? 'D bmomjyefukd ol tawmfpw d óf uduaf wG@yv kH nf; &w,f? odr;f csio f rd ;f ygap
u|e;f ujyef&wJt h cg o,fomG ;r,fv@kd ajymzl;ygw,f?
w&ufrmS 4 aqmifrS &Jabmfwodu k f tvky±f y_ af e=uygw,f? wl&iG ;f awG ayguw f ;l
awGe@J taqmifab;rSm wl;qGae=uwmawG@v@kd “bmvkyaf e=uwmwke;f ”vd@k ar;rd
w,f? tm;vH;k u ðyH;aphaphe@J yg;pyfrmS vufnK‡d ;udk uef@vef@jzwfwifvu kd =f u+yD; ‘±ª;’
vd@k toHðy=uygw,f? aemufrw S a,mufu Aef;armfq&mawmft h u H yf ºuGucf so D mG ;vd@k
ºuGuw f iG ;f awG vduk w f ;l aewmvd@k ajymjyw,f?
wvavmuf&adS wmh qD;xoGm;&rSmawmif cGet f m;r&S=d uawmhyg? 'gah =umifh pnf
oGyAf ;l cGaH wGukd ajc&if;rSm xm;ay;&ygw,f? aygu+f yD;wmeJ@ ðypkoal wGu oGm;oGe?f zDEikd f
26
a&eJ@aq;+y;D jyefxm;ygw,f? qd;k wmu vlemawG[m tm±Hck pH m;r_ odyx f ufjrufvmvd@k
vm; cHEikd &f nfr&Sad wmhwma=umifv h m;rod/ a&eHqeD @H / tom;Al;eH@/ zDEikd ef @H pwmawGukd
rcHEikd =f ujcif; jzpfygw,f? tm;odyef nf;vm+yDr@kd q&m0efvmwJt h cgrmS vnf; b,forl S
aygix f rcsed =f uawmhyg? pm;csiaf omufcsipf w
d v
f nf; w,fr&Sad wmhyg? od@k aomf b,fol
awG b,fvjkd zpfaeae &Jabmfatmifxw D a,mufuawmh wGo J rl ygbJ vrf;av#mufI
aumif;qJyg?
rSwaf usmufwifyJG
tm%mydik af wGu usaemfw@kd awmif;qdck suf 5 csurf mS yxrtcsuu f kd t=urf;zuf
ajz&Si;f vdu k +f yD;wJah emuf tajctaeudk apmif=h unfch yhJ gw,f? pcef;xk&ŒJ wpnf;wvH;k
wnf; qifu h q J ifu h J wdu k yf 0JG ifvmr_rsm;awG@vm+yD;wJah emuf useaf wmif;qdck suf 3 csuf
udv k nf; cGiðhf yr,ft h a=umif; ajymvmygw,f? od@k aomf eHygwf 5 tcsujf zpfwhJ tdref @J
pma&;om; qufo, G cf iG u hf akd wmh ray;Edik [
f k wif;cHygw,f? usaemfw@kd bufuvnf;
eHygwf 5 tcsu[ f m ta&;}uD;wJh Edik if aH &;awmif;qdck sujf zpfv@kd av#mrh ay;Edik yf g?
udu k ;kd u|e;f rSm usaemfw@kd ux kd m;wJh pcef;tjyif aemufxyfpcef; 2 ckvnf; aqmuf
xm;+yD;jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@taeeJ@ xm;&mae/ au|;wmpm;/ cdkif;wmvkyfay;vdk@
olw@kd &ŒJ ud, k xf u l , kd x f ay:vpD atmifjrifomG ;&if aemufxyf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG
a[mwokw/f a[mwokwf yd@k ygvrd Ohf ;D r,f? tcsut f vufawG jynfph v kH mwJt h cg rdrw d @kd
&JŒ om;r,m;awGyg tyd@k c&H Edik yf gao;w,f? pcef;wae&mvd@k v#K0d u S ef mrnfay;xm;wJh
ae&mrSmae+y;D jynfoal wGe@J tqufjzwfcaH e&mwmudk usaemfw@kd rvdv k m;yg? 'gah =umifh
eHygwf 5 tcsu[ f m ta&;}uD;ygw,f? aemuf+yD; olw@kd &ŒJ ay:vpD ratmifjrifa&;
[mvnf; usaemfw@kd twGuf ordik ;f ay;wm0efyg?
wpcef;vH;k twGuf wm0ef,al cgi;f aqmifaewJh wdu k yf aJG umfrwDrmS tzG@J tpnf;
aygi;f pHuk yg0if=uygw,f? vGwv f yfa&;v_y&f mS ;r_rmS ygcohJ al wG? jynfwiG ;f ppfrmS jzwfoef;
cJ&h olawG? 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ ajray:ajratmufEikd if aH &;rSm usiv f nfco hJ al wGjzpfv@kd tkypf ;kd
olawG&ŒJ txmudk aemausae=uolawGyg? tawG@tñuH }uD;rm;=uolawGr@kd wdu k yf &JG ŒJ
tvm;tvmudv k nf; rSerf eS u f efuef wGucf suEf ikd o f al wG jzpfygw,f? wdu k yf 0JG ifwo hJ l
tm;vH;k uvnf; ud, k ahf cgi;f aqmifawGtay: ,H=k unfrt _ jynfh &S=d uw,f? ud, k uf sK;d
pD;yGm;twGuf ud, k &hf aJ bmfawGukd a&mif;pm;r,fo h l r[kw?f acgi;f aqmifa&m aemuf
vdu k yf g ud, k yhf gwD ud, k t hf zG@J tpnf;&JŒ emrnfukd npfErG ;f apr,fo h al wG r[kw?f
27
'ga=umifv h nf; wdu k yf 0JG if&wm pdwaf jzmif=h uygw,f? wdu k yf u
JG awmh Edik rf mS yJ? 'gay
r,fh t&if;tES;D b,favmufay;&rvJqw kd mawmh usaemfw@kd vnf;rod? acgi;f aqmif
awGvnf; ajymEdik yf rkH &? wvavmuft&rSm a&pdrpf rd cf sK;d aerd&mu usaemf tat;rd
ovdk jzpfomG ;w,f? a&vnf;aomufv@kd r&/ a&wpuf0ifwmeJ@ t0g&nf/ tpdr;f &nf
awG tefxu G v f mygw,f? wcgtef+yD;wdik ;f vlu tm;ukeaf rm[du k o f mG ;wwfwmrd@k
a&0ifrmS udyk if a=umufaerdw,f? 'gah =umifh a&udk tomiHik x kH m;+yD; axG;xkwaf e&yg
w,f? aygicf sed v f nf; odoo d mom usvmw,f? aemufyikd ;f jzpf&yfrsm;uawmh 0d;k w0g;
om xifuse&f pfyg+yD? aemif olrsm;ajymjyrSo&d wmu &ufav;q,ftjynfah e@cif;rSm
usaemf owdvpfoGm;w,f wJh? tJ'DnaerSmyJ axmiftm%mydkifawGu eHygwf 5
awmif;qdck suu f akd y;vdu k v f @kd wdu
k yf +JG yD;oGm;w,fv@kd od&ygw,f?
&uf 40 wdu k yf +JG yD;wmeJ@ emwm&Snf vlrrmawGukd jynfr jyefy@kd ay;ygw,f?
jyefy@kd wphJ m&if;xJrmS usaemfygayr,fh usaemfujiif;vdu k vf @kd useaf e&pfcw hJ ,f? pnfoyG f
Al;tpm; tom;pdak wG ay;ygw,f? aemuf oabFmywfrmS awmh owif;pmawG ygvm
w,f? usaemfw@kd a&;wJh pmawGvnf; oabFmu o,fomG ;yg+yD? wdu k yf +JG yD;pu yg;pyfxJ
jzJxnfv h u kd wf hJ yxrqH;k *vl;ud@k pw f puf&ŒJ t&omenf;wl csK+d rdev f u kd o f nfjh zpfjcif;?
usaemf eHvx H wm aES;ygw,f? vrf;vnf; av#mufv@kd r&yg? tdy, f mxJ vScJ siv f JS
'grrS [kwf xdik af ewJt h csed u f rsm;ygw,f? usaemf pd;k &drw f hJ OD;wifatmifuawmh olaewJh
taqmif 4 uae usaemfw@kd taqmif&ŒJ awmifbuf abmfvaD bmuGi;f udjk zwf+y;D ae@pOf
tdro f mwuf&avawmh tdro f mu qif;vmwmeJ@ usaemfah b;rSm vm˜vm xdik w f wfyg
w,f? +yD;awmh use;f rma&;tajctaeudk ar;ygw,f? w&ufrmS awmh usaemfu “'ge@J
OD;wifatmif wdu k yf &JG ufawGwek ;f u OD;wifatmif&ŒJ *ufpx&dw(f tpmtdraf &m*g)u
bmrsm; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; azmfjyygovJ”vd@k ar;rdw,f? olu tm;&yg;& ðyH;vdu k u
f m
“tJ'w D ek ;f u bmrSrxl;jcm;bl;/ ckrS xl;jcm;ovdv k kd &Sv
d mw,f? r&Sad wmhb;l aysmufomG ;
ovdv k ykd ”J wJ?h
(5)
tESpf 20 ordik ;f
‘vlreS af e&mrSe’f qdpk um;t&ajym&&if 'Dta=umif;awGukd olw@kd a&;oGm;=u&rSm
yg? ‘wcsed cf sed f wcgcgrmS a&;r,f’qdw
k o
hJ EMÏd mef olw@kd toD;oD;rSm &Syd gvrd rhf ,f? pma&;
q&mwa,muftzd@k txl;ojzifh awmfveS af om pma&;q&mwa,muftzd@k 'gxuf
28
aumif;wJh uke=f urf;awG wjcm;ae&mrSm&SmawG@z@kd cJ,Of;w,f r[kwv f m;? vly*k Kd~ vf
wa,muftaeeJ@ OD;wifatmifukd =unf=h uwJt h cg/ tuJjzwf=uwJt h cg ±_axmifah wG
wlcsirf w S =l uygvrd rhf ,f? 'gayr,fh vlwef;pm; &yfwnfcsu&f w dS vhJ /l azmufjyefwhJ tkypf ;kd
oltqufqufukd awmfveS w f o
hJ /l jynfou l kd tvkyt f au|;ðywJo h /l jynfo@l pma&;q&m/
aemuf+yD; jynfoal wGucspaf om pma&;q&mqdw k mrSmawmh tjiif;yGm;=ur,f rxif
ygb;l ? 'gukd ol@psmyetcrf;tem;rSm tm;vH;k u jrifawG@c=Jh uyg+yD? ol uG,v f eG +f yD; tESpf
20 =umwJt h xdvnf; azmfjycJ=h uyg+yD? wefz;kd qdw k m 'gygy?J ole@J ywfoufv@kd rdrzd mom
ed*;kH csKyfxm;wJh tcsuf 3 csu&f ydS gw,f?
1? aooGm;rSjzifh aooGm;olqu D bmrSr&Edik q f w
kd m rSm;w,f?
2? vlwa,muf&ŒJ wefz;kd udk rSerf eS u f efuef tuJrjzwfEikd cf &hJ if ol@qu D &Edik w f hJ
wefz;kd awG vufvw $ q
f ;kH ±_;H oGm;wwfw,f?
3? vlwa,mufukd tuJjzwfwt hJ cg tenf;qH;k tESpf 20 avmuf tcsed , f ol ifh
w,f qdw k mawGyJ jzpfygw,f?
ÐÐÐÐ
29
udu
k ;kd u|e;f 53 &uf=um tpmiwfcw H u
kd yf JG
(jyefajymif;atmufarhcsu)f
&uf 40 wdu k yf JG +yD;cJ+h yD

wdu k yf +JG yD;vd@k 3-4 &uft=umrSm wdu k yf 0JG if&aJ bmfawG tv#Kt d v#Kd ud,
k thf aqmif
ud, k f jyef=uw,f? use;f rma&;odyq f ;kd wJh vlemawG jynfr jyefy@kd ay;w,f? vlemqdv k @kd
‘r[m 9 aqmif’rSm 3 a,mufyJ useaf wmhw,f? ‘r[mbG@J ’ay;xm;wmu wdu k yf JG
wdu k +f yDqw kd meJ@ 'DtaqmifrmS yxrtokw0f ifavh&w dS meJ@ ‘9 aqmifom;’ vli,f
tcsK@d u vufraxmif+yD;ay;xm;wJh emrnfyg?
aq;rSL;udak t;jrifu h pepfwus tm[m& jynfah pygw,f? wae@ukd t}urd rf sm;rsm;
eJ@ enf;enf;pDom au|;ygw,f? yxr *vl;ud@k p/f tke;f &nf/ aemuf qefðywf=uJ=uJ (3
&ufcef@)/ aemuf qefðywfyspyf spf (3 &uf)/ +yD;rS xrif;aysm/h aemufq;kH rS ±d;k ±d;k xrif;
au|;wmyg?
&JeaD wGuawmh pm;wJah e&mrSm tqifah usm/f t0pm;jzpfomG ;vd@k wcsK@d azmoGyo f yG f
jzpfuek yf gw,f?
tcsKyftjc,fawG tawmfavsmyh g;oGm;cJw h ,f? tapmift h =uyfawGvnf; wm0ef
ausoabmavmufyJ jzpfvmw,f? oHq;l óud; txyfxyf0ikd ;f xm;/ ydik ;f xm;wJh tusO;f
pcef;}uD;rSm rvG,af yguaf wG tv#Kt d v#Kd ay:vmcJw h ,f?
AHvk &kH @J tvSn+hf yD;oGm;vd@k ig;ys&H @J tvSnahf &mufvmw,f?
usaemfw@kd wawG rvG,af yguu f ae ae@a&mnyg xGu=f uawmhw,f? vomom
aomifjyifay: vSt J yd cf si&f ifvnf;xGuw f ,f? ntcg azmifuav;eJ@ ul;/ tdek mqpf
oabFmay:wuf+yD; ig;r#m;/ vufxeG @f ypfou l ypfw,f? wem&Dausmaf usmf c&D;tuGm&Sd
vdyaf omifbuf 3-4 a,mufwzG@J z@JG +yD; vdyOf &Sm/ vdyzf rf; vkyo f u
l vkyw f ,f/ pm;
aomufol 96 a,muf&w dS hJ usaemfw@kd zd}k uD;bufrmS vdyw f aumif 3 eyf pm;vd@k &w,f?
usaemfw@kd zdb k uf pm;oH;k cJw h hJ vdyaf umifa& 43 aumif &Scd w hJ ,f? (&JeaD wG zdb
k ufrmS
vnf; 'DxufravsmEh ikd )f / zdak v;awGe@J wOD;csi;f orm;awGu &Sad o;?
0g'gawGuawmh r=um;Ed;k em; ajym=uw,f? “a0omvDjynf bDv;l 0ifwmxuf
qd;k oa[h æ” wJ?h
30
tÀ0gjyifukd jzwfausm&f w J hJ vlom;rsm;
9 aqmifrmS usecf w hJ hJ vlem 3 a,mufxrJ mS 'kw, d tokwu f yg=uwJh OD;atmif
a0eJ@ udo k uf0if;/ udo k uf0if;u wuUov kd af usmif;om;jzpfw,f? e*du k wnf;u ydeyf ed /f
ezl;us,u f s,/f oGm;acgacg/ rsurf eS x f x
l el @J qakd wmh tawmf=unfv h @kd vSaeygw,f? 3-
4 &uf=umjyefawmh ol@taqmif tcef; 4 udk jyefomG ;ygw,f?
OD;atmifa0u 9 aqmifom;rd@k ajymif;p&mrvdyk g? ajcaxmuf roefawmhb;l qd+k yD;
vrf;av#mufusiahf eavh&w dS ,f?
tpm;taomufau|;csed rf mS oHacsmif;acguv f u kd wf meJ@ ab;em;uvlawG v_yv f y_ f
&G&G jzpfuek yf gw,f? ud, k cf E<m}uD;rm; 167 aygif wJh Azl;!Ge@f }uD;qd&k if pm;csipf w d ef @J
wkefwkef&if&if jzpfaeavh&Sdw,f? pm;+yD;wdkif; ol@yg;pyfu xGufvmavh&Sdwmu
“tvum;Asm au|;awmhvJ rpd@k ryd@k e@J qifyg;pyf ESr;f yufyJ æ”wJ?h
u|eaf wmfuawmh pm;csiaf omufcsipf w d rf &S?d vlemqd+k yD; aq;±Hu k ay;wJh bDpupf
rke@f awmif ukeaf tmifrpm;Edik /f ab;vlawG ay;awmhvnf; r,l? cyfvrS ;f vSr;f rSm&Sw d hJ
OD;atmifa0uawmh ,lw,f? pm;wmvnf; odyrf awG@&/ zefb;l vdk toH;k csv@kd &wJh zefv;kH
}uD;xJrmS ol@a0pke@J a&maygi;f +yD; xnfx h m;vdu k wf myJ awG@&w,f? yifv,fxJ ig;zrf;
oabFmawG ydu k af r#mwJt h cg oH;k wJh zefv;kH }uD;yg? oydwaf vmuf&ydS gw,f? óud;jywf+yD;
u|ef;ay:wifvmwJh 'Da&mifpHk zefvHk;}uD;awGudk tusOf;om;awG&J@ynmeJ@ r&ru
tayguaf zmufum vdo k vdo k ;kH =uygw,f? a&$ig;awG xnfah rG;xm;wJh a&mifpkH zefv;kH 3-
4 vH;k 9aqmifa&S@rmS tpDt&D æ?
usaemf emvefxwmu =umygw,f? rwfwyf=um=um r&yfEikd yf g? vrf;av#muf&if
ab;uwG&J ygw,f? 'ga=umifh tdy, f mxJ vSaJ ewmu rsm;ygw,f? ajc&if;orHwvif;
ay:rSm tke;f oD;awG (tcdik v f ukd )f tjrJ&w dS ,f? &Jabmf cspaf qG(rJ}uD;)u tjywfrcHyg?
“tke;f pdr;f &nfaomuf/ tm;&Sw d ,f/ &Jabmf}uD;&J@ æ”wJh
tdy&f mxJae&wmrsm;awmh pum;vmajymwJo h l wa,mufr[kww f a,muf &Sd
aewwfw,f? pcef;jyif owif;awGvnf; cyfppkH kH =um;ae&w,f? wa,mufu æ
“OD;atmifa0wa,muf awmfawmf rl,mrm,mrsm;w,f? ajcroefawmhbl;/
vrf;av#mufusiahf ew,fvJ ajym&J@ ³³³/ tajy;uawmh w,foefwmyJ” wJh “yxrawmh
axmheif;axmheif;yJ/ aemufvn S =hf unf/h vl&iS ;f wmeJ@ow k v
f ukd w
f m/ rDwm 100 tajy;
orm;vm; atmufarh&w,f?” “w&uf usaemf aemufa,mifcH vdu k =f unfw
h ,f?
[m; æ [m; æ awG@awmhwmyJ”
31
“bmvkyw f mvJ æ As” usaemfu ar;rdw,f?
“olw@kd 3 a,muf avSvyk af ewmav” wJ?h
usaemfph w d x f J vif;ceJ jzpfomG ;w,f? “tzd;k }uD;awGqD owif;ryd@k b;l vm;” qdk
awmh “bm&rvJy@kd wmaygh ³³³³” wJ?h
'Dae&mrSm aemufa=umif;jyefaumufjyzd@k vw kd m wck&ydS gw,f? usaemfw@kd rmS t=uH
tpnfwck &Scd zhJ ;l w,f?
‘ajAmif’tcGit hf a&;wdu k yf uJG wydik ;f / aemufxyfval wG xyfy@kd r,fh tvm;tvm
vnf;&Sw d ,f/ 'Dx h uf'D qd;k qd;k 0g;0g;vnf; zdEydS v f mEdik wf ,f/ vdt k yfwt hJ cg oH;k csio f ;kH &
atmif xGufaygufwck&Smxm;&r,f æ vdk@ acgif;aqmifawG&J@pOf;pm;csuf&Sdw,f?
'ga=umifh &uf 40 wdu k yf rJG prDuwnf;u v#K@d 0u S af xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J 2 zG@J zG@J xm;cJ+h y;D
jzpfw,f? 5 a,mufwzG@J yg? wzG@J ukd &Jabmfcspaf qG(rJ}uD;)u acgi;f aqmifw,f? usef
wzG@J ukd &JabmfxeG ;f 0if;(avwyf)u acgi;f aqmifygw,f? usaemfu udx k eG ;f 0if;&J@ tzG@J xJ
uyg?
tck vdyaf omifukd ae@a&m nyg xGuv f mEdik af wmh/ vdy&f mS &if; 'D pDru H ed ;f u wGJ
ygaeygw,f? 'Dvekd @J v#K@d 0u S v f rf;awG azmufxm;Edik cf =hJ uw,f? tv,fpcef;vd@k ac:wJh
&Jpcef;/ ARDC tke;f jcHomru ajrmufbufq;kH a&wyfpcef;em;txd uyfro d mG ;yg+yD?
u|e;f ay: jzpfysuaf ewmrSeo f r# acgi;f aqmifawGukd owif;yd@k &ygw,f? usaemfuawmh
pm&if;xJyg+yD; rxEdik af wmhv@kd tzG@J om;csi;f ajymwmyJ em;axmifae&ygw,f?
axmiftr_xrf;awGuo kd yd xf nfrh wGuyf g? &Je@J a&wyftajctaeudk odz@kd vw kd ,f?
usaemfw@kd vufxrJ mS "m;awG/ vSaH wG/ rSed ;f awGvnf; &Sv d mcJ+h y?D avwyfu xm;0,fom;
udvk id_ w f if/ yckuLU om; ukvm;}uD; udt k ek ;f armifw@kd uvnf; &JabmfawGukd oifwef;
zGi+hf yD; *sL'd-k u&maw; ud, k cf yH nmawG oifay;ae+yD?
rwfvwdu k yf t
JG +y;D {+yv D rSm usaemfw@kd zd}k u;D u atmifycJG o H }ueF yf JG usi;f ycJyh gw,f?
&cdik &f aJ bmfawG&@J axmifypkH H &cdik yf q k ;kd tjymuGuf wln0D wfpekH @J &cdik o f }uFet f u rsuv f ;kH
xJu rxGuf æ?
acgi;f aqmifawGe@J vl}uD;ydik ;f u av#mah v#mah ygah ygh pnf;urf;awGe@J taysmw f rf;
abmfvaD bm upm;=uwmvJ pdwEf v S ;kH &$ijf rL;p&m æ?
&cdik u
f sif (eyef;) upm;enf;udk ta&;ay: oifwef;ay;+yD; twef;pHk usiu f ikd yf aJG wG
vnf;yg&@J æ? rE aW v;om; zd;k oHacsmif; wa,muf tusrawmfv@kd vufusK;d oGm;wJh
jzpfpOfuvGv J @kd &$ijf rL;p&mawGcsn;f yg? wdu k yf u JG vnf; Edik x f m;ayoud;k æ?
32
usaemf emvefxu l mp wnaerSm æ
taqmifxu J &JabmfawG awmpyfem; tjyifa&wGi;f rSm pkaygi;f av#mzf yG +f yD; vSr;f
xm;wJh jcifaxmifawG±yk zf @kd wa,mufwnf; xGucf w hJ ,f? 15 rdepf/ rdepf 20 c&D;yg?
jcifaxmif 4- 5-6 vH;k avmufacgu+f yD; &GuEf ikd w f t hJ m;tif usaemfrh mS &Sv d mcJ+h yDav?
vSnx hf uG v f mum&Sad o; aemufem;u c|wcf |wo f =H um;vd@k vSn=hf unfvh ukd af wmh
vm; æ vm; "m;udk wif;wif;qky/f rsuv f ;kH jyL;+yD;=unfah ewJh ud+k idr;f armif/ rsuv f ;kH
awGxu J tcd;k taiG@awG xGuaf eovm; xif&w,f?
“[m - bmjzpfwmwke;f ” vd@k usaemfu ar;awmh æ
“=o - cifAsm;ud;k bmrSrjzpfygb;l / jyefawmh æ jyefawmh æ ”wJh
ol@rsuv f ;kH awGuvnf; odraf rG@omG ;El;nHo h mG ;+yD; cyfavmavm ajymxGuv f myg
w,f? oloabmayguo f mG ;yHyk ?J olw@kd aemuf vdu k +f yD;pHpk rf;axmufvrS ;f aewm vlrrm
usaemfrjzpfEikd ?f
aemufawmh pufwifbm rkew f ikd ;f eJ@twl olw@kd (ref;atmif=unf/ OD;atmifa0/
ref;+idr;f armif) atmifatmifjrifjrif yifv,fjyifukd jzwfausmv f wG af jrmufomG ;cJ=h uyg
w,f?
jy\emjzpfuseaf e&pfwmu usaemfw@kd wawG æ?
aemufqufwJG *,ufrsm;
OD;atmifa0 r&Sad wmhwmudk (acgi;f aqmifrsm;eJ@ avSukd ulncD say;olrsm;uvG+J yD;)
yxrqH;k odwmu ‘r[m 9 aqmif’om;rsm;?
ol@jcifaxmifukd nrSmaxmif/ txJrmS vlo¿mefvyk x f m;/ ae@cif;jyefðzwfay;ol
u ay;aewmud;k ?
ref;atmif=unf/ ref;+idr;f armif r&Sad wmhwmudk yxrqH;k odwm olw@kd &@J ‘taqmif
11’om;rsm;?
xH;k pHtwdik ;f w&uf a0vDa0vif;/ vlvmppfwhJ 0g'gawGxu J wa,muf twuf
ºuGveG o
f mG ;vd@k ‘rsuEf mS r& ajcaxmuf&’ oGm;ygawmhw,f? vl&§dS r&Sd jcifaxmifawGr˜
t=unfh rJ}uD;&J@jcifaxmifukd r˜=unfrh v d suof m; jzpfomG ;w,f? 'D æ pOf apmifatmuf
u ajcaxmuf}uD;xGuv f m+yD; rsuEf mS udk uefvu
kd &f mu aemifrmS vlb,fvpkd pf&w,f
qdw
k m oabmayguo f mG ;ygw,f?
jcifaxmifta&twGuyf J ppf=uawmhw,f æ av?
33
rSmoGm;wmu 15 &ufavmuf&rdS S oufqikd &f mudk ta=umif;=um;zd@k æ?
15 &ufausmo f mG ;awmh “&JabmfawG tm;vH;k odae=u+yD? wm0ef,rl _ aus¹yGe+f yD?
tm%mydik af wGukd today;=uawmhrvm;”
ray;bl;? &efo@l owif;ay; jzpfomG ;rSmayg/h ol@bmomodcsio f d rodcsiaf eayg?h
ud,k thf vkyrf [kwf qdo k u l trsm;pk?
'Dvekd @J &efot l odaemufusomG ;ygw,f?
aemufawmh axmifyikd t f opf q&m0eftopf a&mufvmw,f? olw@kd p;D vmwJh
oabFmu weoFm&Durf;±d;k wef;bufu vSnv hf mwm æ ‘u|e;f u xGuaf jy;wJah vS
tysuf urf;pyfrmS awG@w,f? ajy;wJo h al wGawmh aouke+f yD ajymwmyJ’ æ qdw k hJ owif;
olw@kd o,fvmw,f?
usaemfw@kd txJrmS t,ltq rkew f ikd ;f wckay:vmaewm owdrxm;rd? tpu
rodom/ wtHak EG;aEG; æ aemufawmh odoo d mom ay:ay:xifxif?
“u|e;f uxGuaf jy;wm rSeo f vm;? rSm;ovm;”
rSewf ,fqw kd bhJ ufua&m rSm;w,fqw kd b hJ ufuyg axmufjy=uwJh tcsut f vuf
awGuvnf; rsm;rSrsm;?
usaemfu rSew f ,fqw kd b hJ ufu?
usaemfw@kd wiG rf u wjcm;tzG@J tpnf;/ woD;yk*v ~ awGxrJ mS vnf; xGuaf jy;oGm;wJh
&Jabmf 3 a,mufukd tm;uswo hJ l trsm;}u;D &Sw d m awG@&w,f? 'ga=umifv h nf; }uw d =f uH
}udwjf yifaewJh tpkuav;awG &Sad ew,f?
jy\emu tzGJ@tpnf;wdkif;vdk tawG;tac:qdkif&mjy\em/ vrf;pOfqdkif&m
jy\em/ pnf;±H;k a&;udp/P vky[ f efupd aP wG tenf;eJ@trsm;/ OD;eif;yJah xmif jzpfae=u
wmyJ?
&efou l tqH;k pGef zdEydS n f O‡ ;f yrf;aewJh umvrSm 'Dtwdik ;f +ird cf aH ervm;/ wdu k rf vm;/
xGuaf jy;wm[mvnf; &efou l kd wdu k zf @kd ajy;wmjzpfw,f æ ponf?
usaemfw@kd txJ pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; raumif;wmrSmawmh &efou l kd wduk af &;rwdu k f
a&; r[kwyf g? &efou l w kd ukd zf @kd tm;vH;k vdv k u kd pdwt f m;xufoefae=uwmyg? t"du
jy\emu ygw&D @J aemufq;kH vrf;pOf[m bmvJ?
- 64 vrf;pOfukd odrw S v f molu tenf;pk?
- 65 ck - 66 ck jznfph u G cf suaf wG=um;vmwJo h u l wa,mufp ESpaf ,mufp?
txl;ojzifh tkypf ;kd oltay: vlwef;pm;owfrw S cf suf t&iftwdik ;f vm;? ajymif;
34
oGm;+yDvm;? ajymif;vJomG ;+yDv@kd wcsK@d u ,lqw,f? csKyfvu kd &f if 3 rsK;d uGaJ ew,f?
1? vGwv f yfa&;acwfrpS +yD; ,ae@txd tkypf ;kd ol tqufquf[m vufa0cHawG
jzpfw,f?
2? tkypf ;kd ol tqufqufajymif;vm+yD;wJah emuf ppftpd;k &[m wpwpeJ@ vufa0
cH jzpfomG ;+yD?
3? vufa0cH r[kw/f tcsut f vuf rjynfph akH o;/ (vuf&t dS ajctaerSm ygwAD [dk
u w&m;0if owfrw S cf suf rod&ao;/) 'ga=umifh oabmw&m;t&wGirf u pnf;±H;k a&;
t&yg=unf+h yD; odxm;oavmufuo kd m vufc=H uzd@k vdw k ,f?
'D 3 pkrmS eHygwf 1 tpke@J eHygwf 3 tpkw@kd &@J t,ltqa&;&mwdu k yf u
JG tjyif;
xefq;kH jzpfw,f?
'gu twGi;f ydik ;f udp?P
'gt h jyif ygwt D csi;f csi;f qufqaH &;awGuvnf; raumif;yg?
ordkif;a=umif;t&udk oabmw&m;t&/ vufawG@t& ajyvnfr_ r&Sdwmu
tvHeyD gweD @J jzpfygw,f? &efou l kd rwdu k cf if tacsmiform;awGukd t&ifwu kd &f r,f?
&Jo;kH &J rvdb k ;l / igw@kd uawmh &J ESpf &JyJ æ qdw k t hJ ajymtqdak wG &Sad eqJyg? txl;ojzifh
tvHeu D tcrf;tem;vky&f if taqmifcsi;f uyfae=u&awmh r=um;csib f v
J nf; =um;
ae&w,f? olw@kd uvnf; wrifu=kd um;atmifajymaewm? Edik if aH &;&Sw d hJ &JabmfawG
qdak wmh ðyH;aphaphyJ vkyaf e=uygw,f/ wcsK@d uawmh &,fcsiv f @kd ukd wrifem;axmifyg
w,f?
olw@kd ygwx D rJ mS vnf; jy\emawGu trsm;}uD;/ acgi;f aqmifrt _ ydik ;f uvnf;
wufvu kd f usvu kd ef @J / csKyfuikd rf _ rcHo/l ud, k o hf abmeJ@ ud, k af eol æ pojzifh yJyh hJ xGuf
aeygw,f? 'gawGukd =um;ae jrifae&w,f?
vl 30 avmuf&w dS hJ rvny vnf; jynfo@l &aJ bmftyk pf ek @J qd&k , S ef tD yk pf k odoo d m
om ESpzf @JG uo JG mG ;ygw,f? ESpzf @JG xu J vnf; yJyh x hJ u G yf gw,f? Adv k w f ifw
h ,fw@kd u tjyif
awmxJ wae&mrSm wJx;kd +yD; jcHpu kd af e=uw,f? qd&k , S ef D OD;pd;k ode;f wd@k u taqmif 5
rSmyJ useaf e&pfw,f? 'DtxJu zdck pJG m;ol/ pcef;opfbufajymif;ol &Sv d mw,f?
tvHew D csK@d / rvny wcsK@d / woD;yk*v ~ wcsK@d [m 0g'gtrd , f mem;eJ@e;D wJh pcef;opf
rSmoGm;ae=uw,f? olw@kd u u|e;f ay:rSm wdu k yf aJG wGw+crd ;f +crd ;f wdu k af evd@k uawmh vGwf
&uf&SdawmhrSm r[kwfbl;? wdkufyGJawGeJ@ uif;uif;yJaeawmhr,fvdk@ ajym=uygw,f?
trsm;pk[m Edik if aH &;ukeo f mG ;=u&mu qufrvdu k Ef ikd v
f @kd ±d;k ±d;k om;om;oGm;ae=uwmyg?
35
'D tajctaeudk &efou l &dyrf yd gw,f/ 'ga=umifv h nf; ay;+yD;om; tcGit hf a&;
awGukd ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jy+yD; wpwp jyef±yk o f rd ;f ygw,f? csKyfcs,rf a_ wG oHywfwif;
vmygw,f? a&wyfom;awG uif;vSnw hf mudk jrifvm&jyefyg+yD? wyfe,fajr qdik ;f bkwf
ae&mausm+f yD; &SmazGpm;aomufoal wGukd ajcmufypf ypfygw,f? (rSwcf su-f qdik ;f bkwf
ae&mvd@k a&;wmu qdik ;f bkwaf wG r&Sad wmhyg? a&muf+yD;r=umrDrmS yJ rJ}uD;wd@k Ew _ +f yD;
±du
k cf sK;d um yifv,fxJ ypfcsvu kd yf gw,f)
&duQmtom;pdktpm; pnfoGyfbl;awG jyefay;vmygw,f? wdkufyGJ&J@ atmifoD;
atmifyiG u hf kd xde;f odr;f &rSmrd@k usaemfw@kd zu kd r,lyg? taºuG;rSwx f m;ygw,f? u|e;f u
jyefwt hJ xd rSw˜f rSwv f mvdu k w
f m aemufq;kH 10˜000usy-f ausmf 20˜000usyf eD;yg;
rqv ppftpd;k &tay: aºuG;wifcyhJ gw,f? (xdpk Ofu vlwa,muf wae@ wusycf EJG e_ ;f
owfrw S x
f m;ygw,f)
txufuajymwJhtwdkif; ref;atmif=unf/ OD;atmifa0/ ref;+idrf;armifwdk@
oH;k a,mufu|e;f u atmifjrifpmG xGuaf jy;Edik cf w hJ m[m tm;usp&m}uD; jzpfaeygw,f?
vdktyf&if toHk;csEdkifatmifqdk+yD; avSpyfzdk@ pcef;opfESpfckxJu tdyfpifcg;yef;
ysOcf syaf wGc;kd ðzwf+yD; awmxJ zGuw f ohJ u l zGu/f &dumQ óudpo k ul pk/ jzpfaecsed f (wcsK@d
avSpyf+yD;ayr,fh roH;k vdu k &f yg)
wae&mrSmawmh &cdik &f aJ bmf atmifomausmef @J tvHeD ESpOf ;D wukyu f yk f tvky±f y_ f
aeygw,f? awmxJrSm wJuav;wvHk;xdk;+yD; cyfv#Kdv#Kd oGm;aeygw,f? 'gayr,fh
tm;vH;k odaewJu h pd yP g? olw@kd weJ @J rvSr;f rurf; jzwfomG ;jzwfvmvkyv f ukd &f ifyJ v$qJG
oH/ wl±dkufoH=um;ae&ygw,f? wu,fhudk (Open secret) ajAmifv#Kd@0Suf}uD;yg?
usaemfw@kd wif odwmvm;? r[kwyf g? &efov l nf; odygw,f?
&Jabmf tke;f armf/ &Jabmf atmifxw D @kd &@J a&'D,kd jzwfowif;t&
“atmifomausmw f @kd / avSvyk af ew,f/ ajy;zd@k jyifae+yD”
“ajy;ygap/ urf;eJ@cyfvrS ;f vSr;f a&mufrS ðr‡yyf pfvu kd ”f æ qdw k hJ owif;yd@k oeH @J trde@f
ay;oHawGukd ygwu D óudoEd iS yhf gw,f? atmifomausmu f kd apmif;yg;&dyjf cnf owday;ay
r,fh tav;rrl/ *±krpdu k ?f
w&uf eHeufcif; æ apmapmvrf;av#mufavh&o dS l OD;jroef;(wif)h ñuHovdt k az:
vdu k wf wfol udak tmifabmfe@J ud! k eG @f acgiw f @kd uwdu k u f ±duk f jyefa&mufvmwm awG@
vdkuf&w,f?
“taemufbufurf;pyfrmS Al;oD;vnf;ygw,f? c&rf;csOo f ;D a&m/ wjcm;toD;tESH
36
eJ@ ypPn;f ypP,/ twdt k pawG v_id ;f ±du k v f @kd wifvmvdu k f usomG ;vdu k f jzpfaew,f?
avStysuw f pD;vnf; cyfvrS ;f vSr;f rSm jrif&w,f? bmjzpfw,frodb;l ”æ vd@k owif;
ay;vmwmeJ@ awmfawmfrsm;rsm; oGm;=unf=h uw,f?
owif;awGu csucf si;f yJ pHak phvmw,f? atmifomausmw f @kd xGuaf jy;=uw,f?
avSux kd rf;cswhJ æ vdu k yf @kd whJ &JeaD wGxu J wcsK@d avSxu G cf ge;D rS olvnf;vdu k rf ,f/
igvnf;vdu k rf ,f jzpfw,f? vkwuf=uvd@k avSxaJ &0if+yD; ckvkd jzpfomG ;wm æ wJ?h
“atmifomausmw f @kd aum”vd@k ar;rdawmh/ “pdwyf suv f ufysuef @J olw@kd wJ olw@kd
jyef+yD; tdyaf e=uav&J@”æ wJ?h
r=umvdu k yf g/ a&wyfuvmzrf;+yD; olw@kd pcef;udk ac:oGm;ygw,f? axmifcsxm;
vdu k +f yD æ wJ?h
pnfoyG b f ;l udk vufrcHawmhwmeJ@ usaemfw@kd wawG ig;zrf;/ vdyzf rf;/ vdyOf wl;/
c¶kiyk /f pduk yf sK;d a&;vky+f yD; ajz&Si;f ae&awmh ydyk ifyef;=uw,f?
vdyef @J tke;f oD; aygayg&zd@k u wyfe,fajrudk ausmrf jS zpfr,f? awmvrf;awGazmuf
xm;vd@k odyt f cuftcJr&S/d 'gayr,fh w&ufrmS awmwd;k &if; &JeD oH;k a,muf pcef;jyefr
a&mufvmawmhyg?
tvHet D zG@J 'kw, d acgi;f aqmif &JeD atmifjrifh acgi;f aqmif+yD; awmwd;k &Smygw,f?
olw@kd wawG naerSjyefra&muf&if wdu k yf w JG u kd Ef iS ahf wmhv@kd trde@f ay;oGm;ygw,f? olw@kd
vnf; jyefa&mufrvmyg?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D ‘wdu k yf w
JG u kd rf ,fq&kd if rdrw d @kd vnf; ygvykd gw,f? &uf
40 wdu k yf w JG ek ;f uvdk pkaygi;f acgi;f aqmifre_ @J yl;wGw J u kd yf 0JG if=u&atmifyg’ vd@k aqG;aEG;
ygw,f?
'D urf;vSr;f csuu f kd tvHeb D ufu vufrcHyg? 'Dwu kd yf u JG olw@kd azmfwhJ wdu k yf /JG
yg0ifcsiw f ,fq&kd if olw@kd acgi;f aqmifru _ kd cH,&l r,f vd@k awmif;qdyk gw,f?
olw@kd wGuu f ed ;f rSm;oGm;+yDv@kd usaemfw@kd u xif=uw,f? xdt k csed u f &JeD ausm0f if;
eJ@ a':aiGpw H @kd &@J ‘+idr;f csr;f a&; wrefawmftzG@J ’tpaw;cHpw d "f mwfe@J tzrf;cHaqG;aEG;zd@k
awmxJuwufvmcsed jf zpfw,f? olw@kd wu kd yf u JG kd ,if;jzpf&yfe@J csed u f ukd qf ifEwJ$ myg?
'Dtcsed rf mS ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygweD @J aygi;f +y;D wdu k yf w
JG u kd &f if &JeaD usm0f if;wd@k awmif;
qdkcsufawGvnf; r&/ u|ef;wdkufyGJawmif;qdkcsufvnf; ay;rSmr[kwfvdk@ xif=uyHk
ay:ygw,f? 'ga=umifv h nf; b,fvrkd rS jzpfEikd w f hJ awmif;qdck suaf wGukd awmif;qdv k u kd f
wmyg?
37
'Dvekd @J ‘yl;wGw
J u kd yf ’JG qdw
k m jzpfrvmawmhyg? &efot l óuduf jzpfomG ;yg+yD?
tvHeyD gw&D @J awmif;qdck suu f -
1? zrf;xm;olrsm; v$waf y;&ef?
2? &dumQ pau; wd;k ay;&ef æ wd@k jzpfw,f?
awmif;qdck suu f enf;enf;/ wdu k yf 0JG ifou l vnf; enf;enf;ygy?J
eHygwf 7 taqmifukd ‘wdu k yf aJG qmif’owfrw S /f &JeD tapmifch s+y;D wdu k yf JG p˜ ygw,f?
b,ftzG@J tpnf;eJ@rv S J rqufo, G /f tultnDvnf; rawmif;yg? 'Dtwdik ;f yJ v$wx f m;
vdu k =f uygw,f?
axmiftm%mydik af wGuvnf; xl;xl;axGaxG azmfjycsurf &S/d vky±f ;kd vkypf Of aygif
csed wf m/ use;f rma&;tajctae =unfw h mavmufyJ vkyyf gw,f?
&uftawmf&vmawmh nwnrSm wdu k yf 0JG if &Jabmfwa,mufu ‘u,fawmf
rl=uyg’vd@k atmfwmeJ@ 0g'gawG a&mufvm+yD; xrf;xkwo f mG ;ygawmhw,f?
&JeaD wGtm;wif;+yD; qufwu kd af yr,fh &JeD Adv k =f uL(ref;wuUov kd )f usomG ;vd@k 46
&uft=umrSm &efoel @J aphpyf+yD; wdu k yf &JG yfvu kd yf gw,f? zrf;xm;wJh &JeaD wG jyefvw $ f
ay;w,f? &dumQ pau;awmh wd;k ray;yg? wae@ wusycf JG E_e;f wv 45 usyf abmif
twGi;f u &dumQ trsK;d tpm;udk xde;f nd, ‡ cl iG ðhf yvdu k yf gw,f?
tvHeyD gwu D pcef;wGi;f rSmvnf; &JeD Adv k =f uL txdr;f trSwf tkw*f al v;wvH;k
vkyf xm;ygw,f?
aemufxyf t±_;H xGuw f mu wdu k yf 0JG if &JeD e,fvif; tajctaeqd;k vd@k jynfr
jyefy@kd &m vrf;rSmyJ usq;kH oGm;jcif;jzpfygw,f? 'Dvkd usq;kH oGm;wmudv k nf; todray;
yg? ol@trd u f ol@tudk (usaemfw@kd &aJ bmf)qD a&;wJph mxJrmS ‘e,fvif;tavmif; jyef
&a=umif;’ ygvmrS aemufxyf *lwvH;k xyfaqmuf&wmyg?
53 - &ufwu kd yf JG
(1971 - ckEpS f ZGev f 9 &ufrS Zlvikd v f 31 &ufae@txd)
ygww D iG ;f azmfjycsurf sm;?
tajctaeu tawmfq;kd oGm;yg+yD? &efou l tay:pD; &aeyg+yD? qufq&H mrSm
vnf; cyfwif;wif; jzpfvmygw,f? w&m;0if tom;pdk pm;&zd@k vnf; rar#mv f ifeh @J awmh/
&Jabmfcspaf qGu ud, k ehf nf;ud,
k [
hf efe@J 'Djy\emudk &Si;f vdu
k yf gw,f? 0g'gawG&@J qdwf
waumifukd cd;k owf+yD; zd}k uD;udk vmoGi;f ygw,f? zdt k vSnu hf s wm0efcuH vufrcH/
38
cyfememajymv$ww f m cHvu kd &f w,f? t}uD;tus,f a'guef+yD; jyefvmcJ&h w,f?
w&uf &JabmfaX;armif (rE aW v;) ±SL;¶SL;&S&J JS eJ@ a&mufvmw,f? “usaemf avSvyk f
zd@k ysOaf wGc;kd ðzwfvm+yD; awmxJrmS 0Sux f m;w,f? 'gawGukd rJ}uD;,lomG ;+yD; wjcm;a&$@
xm;w,f? tJ'g cifAsm; jyefawmif;ay;yg”æ wJ?h
&uf 40 wdu k yf +JG yD;uwnf;u vlrrmjzpfaewJh usaemfu h kd &JabmfawGu =uifem=u
w,f? OD;pm;ay;=uw,f? rJ}uD;/ csKd }uD; jynfòrd@om; ESpaf ,mufu yd*k ±kpu kd =f uw,f?
'gawGa=umifh usaemfajym&if &r,fxif+yD; tultnDawmif;wJh oabmyg?
“ajym=unfah o;wmaygh æ” vd@k yJ tajzay;vdu k w
f ,f?
wduk yf +JG yD;p tajctaeudk jyefpOf;pm;=unfrh w d ,f?
u&if}uD; udak tmifEikd f (DSI t&m&Sad [mif;)u usaemfemrnf twdak umuf
(C.A.N) yef;pmvH;k xd;k xm;wJh ud, k of w k wf buf}uD; wxnf/ wdu k yf +JG yD; vufaqmif
tjzpf vmay;zl;w,f? axmiftuFsD topfawGxu J csnaf wGxw k +f yD; xd;k ay;xm;wJh
wbuf æ?
rJ}uD;uawmh yHpk t H rsK;d rsK;d eJ@ aq;wHawG/ a[m wvH;k a[mwvH;k vkyaf eavh&dS
w,f? opfeo D m; aq;wHwvH;k udk ta&mifwvufvuf xGuaf tmif yGww f u kd +f yD; vm
ay;w,f?
“[m æ usaemfrS aq;raomufwm”
“wdu k yf v JG ufaqmifayg”h æ qdv k @kd ,lvu kd &f w,f?
tcspq f ;kH &Jabmf udak tmifabmfuawmh usaemf rpm;Edik f raomufEikd w f mudk
tm;r&/ olu, kd wf ikd u f 'kw, d tokwu f wdu k yf 0JG ifxm;ol/ wifyg;rSm tom;r&S/d zif±LS ;
av;eJ@ æ usaemfem;vmxdik &f if 'Dtwdik ;f xdik rf &/ usaemfh tke;f qH acgi;f tH;k av;udk ol@
zifatmuf xd;k ay;&avh&w dS ,f? olu “ AN a&/ bmpm;csio f vJ/ usaemf tck vl
rrmzdk 0ifual ew,f? ajymprf;yg”æ qd&k if rpm;csiaf =umif; acgi;f &rf;jy&w,f?
wcgrmS awmh vdyOf ðywfukd *vl;ud@k prf e_ @f jzL;+yD; twif;pm;cdik ;f w,f? usaemf atmh
tefomG ;rS vufav#mah wmhw,f?
'Dvkd &JabmfawGyg?
rJ}uD;eJ@awG@awmh “bmvkyfjyefwmvJ/ jy\emwckr+yD;ao;bl;/ wckvkyfjyef+yD
vm;”æ vd@k ar;rdw,f?
olujyef+yD; “bmvJ” wJ?h
“cifAsm; pdeaf X;armif&@J ysOaf wGc;kd oGm;w,fq”kd
39
ol@rsuEf mS ðyH;+zD;+zD;jzpfomG ;+yD; æ “[m usaemfu tvHeaD wG&@J ysOaf wGrw S vf @kd æ
pdeaf X;armif[mawGq&kd if jyefxm;vdu k yf gr,f”æ wJ?h
rJ}uD;bma=umifh aomif;use;f aew,fqw kd m usaemfw@kd od=uygw,f? &uf 40
wke;f u ol rygvu kd &f / 'gukd ol rauseyf/ vrf;pOfjy\emrSmvnf; ol rausvnf/
olu 48 ckEpS f tkypf ;kd oltqufquf[m vufa0cHawGcsn;f yJ æ qdw k hJ t,ltq&So d ?l
&efou l kd wduk zf @kd v+kd yD/ wdu k &f r,f/ wduk &f ifo@l ux kd nf&h r,f/ 'gy?J 'Dvkd wif;wif;
jywfjywfvyk v f @kd wpwp &JabmfawGe@J wjznf;jznf; uif;uGmvmcJw h ,f? ole@J t,l
tqwl+yD; twlteD;uyf wdu k yf 0JG ifvmcJwh hJ t&if;ES;D qH;k &JabmfwcsK@d yif ol@em;u cGmcJh
+yD? olvnf; pdwaf vae[ef&w dS ,f? reufr;kd vif;wmeJ@ tdww f vH;k vG,/f "m;wacsmif;
udik +f yD; awmxJ0ifomG ;avh&w dS ,f? jyefcsiw f thJ csed rf S jyefw,f?
jyifqifrr_ sm;
&ydik cf iG u hf kd 'Dtwdik ;f xdik af pmifah evd@k uvnf; rjzpf? &+yD;om;tcGit hf a&;awGu
vnf; wpwpqH;k ±H;_ vm&m ygwaD umfrwDu “wdu k yf 0JG ifz@kd tcsut f vufawG jyifqif
ae+yD” vd@k wyfveS @f xm;vdu k +f yD? ud, k x f u l , kd xf udk wdu k rf ,f?
usew f t hJ zG@J tpnf;awGuckd sO;f uyf+yD; oabmxm;awG aoG;wd;k prf;ar;jref;=unfyh g
w,f? rlvoabmxm;twdik ;f yl;wGw J u kd yf 0JG if=uzd@k vHa_ qmfygw,f?
tvHeyD gwu D olw@kd wdu k yf yJG rf;aeygw,f? CPB u wdu k &f if axmufcyH gr,f?
oifah wmfwt hJ csed rf mS ulnw D whJ u kd yf 0JG ifr_ (Supporting strike) vkyyf gr,fv@kd wk@H jyef
w,f? usaemfw@kd tawmftm;&So d mG ;ygw,f?
pcef;wGi;f rvny uvnf; tvm;wltajzrsK;d ay;ygw,f? “'DtajctaerSm
'Dwu kd yf u
JG kd ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwyD J wdu k Ef ikd yf gawmhw,f? axmufcrH ,f/ tultnDay;
r,f” vd@k tajzay;ygw,f?
wcg zd}k uD;ucGx J uG +f yD; ‘awmfveS af om jynfo’l vd@k emrnfay;+yD; cGcJ supf m;aewJh
&Jabmfo;kH a,mufuvnf; ‘axmufcw H ,f/ yg0ifr,f’ jzpfvmw,f?
pcef;wGi;f udp+P yD;awmh pcef;tjyifbufxu G af e=uwJo h al wGbuf vSn&hf ygw,f?
wduk rf mS u ‘ud, k xf ul ,kd xf zsuo f rd ;f a&;’wdu k yf JG jzpfw,f? 'gukd Edik af tmifwu kd Ef idk &f if
u|e;f pDru H ed ;f ysu+f yD? jynfr jyef&zd@k vrf;yGio hf mG ;Edik af =umif; acgi;f aqmifawGu aqG;aEG;
ygw,f?
40
tm;vH;k u tm;wufoa&m wk@H jyefwmawG@vu kd =f u&w,f? wcsK@d u “wduk Ef ikd w
f hJ
tm; cifAsm;wd@k rmS yJ &Sw
d ,f? Edik rf ,fv@kd vnf; ,H=k unfw,f? usaemfw@kd u 0g'gawGe@J
teD;uyfae&awmh olw@kd vy_ &f mS ;r_ tjrJoad erSmyJ? usaemfw@kd owif;ay;ygr,f”vd@k
uwdðy=uw,f? (uwday;xm;wJt h wdik ;f vnf; wdu
k yf u
JG mvrSm pcef;wGi;f pmypfoiG ;f +y;D
owif;ay;cJ=h uw,f)
óudwifwu G cf surf r_ sm;

wdkufyGJtwGuf vdktyfwJhjyifqifr_awGvkyf=u&mrSm rdrdtwGuf tm;omcsufeJ@
tm;enf;csuaf wG[m bmvJ æ vd@k pDppf&ygw,f?
u|e;f ygwrD mS tpkav;awG&=dS uawmh tpktoD;oD;u tjrifawG oabmxm;awG
wufvm=uygw,f?
tm;enf;csuaf wGu æ
1? A[dv k rf;pOf twdtus rod/ txl;ojzifh &efoel @J ywfouf+yD; vlwef;pm; tuJ
jzwfcsuu f pd rP mS ndr‡ &=uwm?
2? tvHeyD gw&D @J 46 &uf wdu k yf ±JG ;_H oGm;vd@k twdu k &f cufomG ;+yD/ tustqH;k ydrk sm;
awmhr,f?
3? ygww D iG ;f pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf _ raumif;?
4? &efou l tompnf;eJ@ tuGuu f sus zdEydS af ewma=umifh ygwrD v S +JG yD; useyf gwD
rsm; toufpeG @f wu kd &f r,fh wdu k yf uJG kd rwdu k Ef ikd /f rwdu
k cf siaf wmhwm/ ud, k yhf gw&D @J tvH
udk,frxl&Jawmhwm?
tm;aumif;csuaf wGuawmh æ
1? tawG@tñuH&ifu h suw f hJ axmifwiG ;f jzwfoef;r_rsm;wJh acgi;f aqmifawG&w dS ,f?
(Adv
k t f ek ;f armif/ q&m &m*se/f ocif cifatmif/ OD;cifarmifjrif/h Aef;armfwifatmif/
jroef;wif/h c&rf; udpk ed 0f if;/ udak zatmif/ ud^k m%f0if; æ ponf)
2? 64 vrf;pOft& &Jo;kH &J udik pf x JG m;ol &Jabmftrsm;tjym;&Sjd cif;?
3? ygww D iG ;f wdu k yf uJG vnf; wGe;f tm;wck jzpfaejcif;? (usomG ;wJh &JabmfawGxrJ mS
t,ltq 3 rsK;d pvH;k udk ud, k pf m;ðyaeolawGygwmudk =unfyh g?)
4? tzG@J tpnf; toD;oD;/ vly*k Kd~ vftoD;oD; (xk)&J@ axmufct H m;ay;r_ukd &vm
jcif;?
41
5? tajctaeuvnf; rwdu k rf jzpf taetxm;a&mufaejcif;? &dumQ udpt P jyif
&efou l ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jy+yD; &+yD;om;tcGit hf a&;awG zsuo f rd ;f wmcHae&jcif;/ vHðk cH
a&;udp/P u|e;f pnf;urf;qdw k mawGe@J zrf;qD;ta&;,lra_ wG vkyaf ejcif;? Edik if aH &;orm;
awG[m &mZ0wfom;awGvkd tvky=f urf;vkyaf e&jcif;? use;f rma&;rsm; xdcu kd vf m
=ujcif;?
6? ud,
k xf u l , kd x f pDru H ed ;f atmifjrifomG ;cJah omf a&mufaeESiw hf hJ Edik if aH &;orm;
awGu tyd;k usK;d aecJah omf æ aemufxyf Edik if aH &;orm;awG xyfy@kd r,ft h vm;tvm
&Sdaewmrdk@ ‘udk,fxludk,fx zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyGJ’ [m EdkifiHa&;t& ta&;}uD;yHkudk
&Jabmftm;vH;k oabmayguaf e=ujcif;?
7? pcef;ygwaD umfrwDu pcef;xk&@J ,=kH unfu;kd pm;r_e@J ygw&D @J acgi;f aqmifr&_ vdjk cif;
(od@k ) 64 vrf;pOfukd taumiftxnfazmfvjkd cif;? &Jabmfwikd ;f u olrsm;wdu k rf &wm
wd@k &atmifwu kd jf yr,fqw kd hJ awmfveS w f hJ ol&aJ umif;0g' udik pf rJG jd cif;?
8? a&'D,rkd w S qifh =um;jzwfowif;rsm; em;axmif&vd@k &efo@l ajcvSr;f awGukd óuo d d
ae&jcif;?
9? rar#mv f ifb h J ‘jynfo@l toH’udk zrf;,l&&Sv d ukd &f mu &JabmfawG tm;wuf
aejcif;?
æ 'gawGu wdu k yf 0JG ifpw d "f mwfukd wd;k wufjrifrh m;aeapygw,f?
±_yv
f mwJh =um;jzwfjy\emwck
arSmifcu kd vk m;pufavSwpif;udk aeADu (udu k ;kd }uD;u|e;f eJ@ udu
k ;kd av;u|e;f =um;)
vduk zf rf;ygw,f? ukvm;awGu udu k ;kd av;bufuyf/ ypPn;f awGcs/ 0Su+f yD;rS tzrf;cHwhJ
udpw P &yfay:cJw h ,f? aeADu vSr;f trde@f ay;yH&k ygw,f? r=umcif ukvm;awG avSuav;
udkavSmfcwf+yD; usaemfwdk@urf;buf uyfvmygw,f? urf;ajcrSm aeADu vufeuf
tjynft h pHek @J toif?h
xde;f odr;f awGuvnf; pcef;vluek af vmuf urf;pyfqif;+yD; =unf=h uw,f? xH;k pH
twdik ;f qlnyH u G af vm±du k af ew,f? yGaJ wmfav;wr#y?J
vmbfjrifoal wGyyD D aeADu rar;&ao;cif xde;f odr;f awG&@J ar;cGe;f awGu ukvm;
vdak &m t*Fvyd v f ykd g ay:xGuaf eygw,f? ajymcsi&f mawGvnf; xnfah jymvdu k =f uao;
w,f?
“usaemfw@kd Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGyg/ tpd;k &u owif;arSmifcs+yD; 'Du|e;f ay:
42
wdww f wd u f av;xm;wmyg? cifAsm;wd@k wdik ;f jynfjyefa&muf&if 'Dowif;awG jzef@ay;
yg”æ vd@k atmf=uw,f? ajym&or# wa,mufwayguf pdwu f ;l &&majym=ujcif; jzpfyg
w,f? aeADawGuvnf; xde;f r&/ ukvm;awGukd zda[muf/ ukvm;awGu bmvky&f rSe;f
rod æ?
'DudpP olwdk@ pufeJ@vSrf;owif;ydk@wJhtxJrSm “'DaumifawG awmfawmfuJae+yD/
wm;vd@k r&bl;/ ukvm;awGukd 0ifvrk ,ft h wdik ;f yJ/ axmifaewJh aumifawG/ csKcd sK;d ypfrS
+idrrf ,f” wJ?h
a'ocHtm%mydkifawG&J@ oabmxm;uawmh &Sif;ae+yD? usaemfwdk@udk arwWm
rxm;vS?
olw@kd uvnf; 0yfomG ;atmifvyk cf siaf e/ usaemfw@kd uvnf; xGuaf ygu&f mS aewJh
umv/ wcsed cf sed f 0ifaqmif=h uawmhrmS yg?
ygwaD umfrwDu wdu k zf @kd q;kH jzwfcsucf sxm;+yD;+yDr@kd awmxJrmS vSx J m;/ jzwfxm;/
cGx
J m;wJh xif;awGukd oGm;o,fxm;vdu k =f uw,f? vdv k rkd ,fr,f 2 vpmavmuf jyif
xm;=uwmyg? tjyifbufawmif,mcif;u [if;oD;[if;&GufawG tukefcl;ypfvdkuf
w,f? vdyOf vdyo f m;ajcmufawG óudpyk gw,f?
a&Smifwcif udpP
wae@ æ ðyaeus &SmazGa&;eJ@ axmufvrS ;f a&;vkyzf @kd &Jabmf tk;H armfe@J &Jabmf
armifarmifpdk;wdk@ "m;wacsmif;pDeJ@ awmwdk;=uygw,f? aeADvSnfhuif;eJ@awG@+yD; ESpf
a,mufv;kH tzrf;cH&ygw,f? yxrawmh aoewfe@J csed +f yD; 0dik ;f xm;ygw,f?
'DtxJrmS &Jabmft;Hk armf wyfx&J pdS Ofu twlaecJ=h uwJh a&wyfom;awG ygaewm
awG@&w,f? olw@kd u pcef;udk vdu k cf zhJ @kd ajymw,f? &Jabmft;Hk armfu at;at;oufom
ac:&if vdu k rf ,f? ±du
k w
f mESuw f mvky&f if ta=umif;odr,fv@kd }udr;f w,f? ta=umif;
od+yD;om;rd@k tem;ruyf&=J u/ 'Dtwdik ;f yJ ac:oGm;&+yD; pcef;a&mufrS "m;awGord ;f / óud;eJ@
wkyf vky0f =hH uw,f?
rvSr;f rurf; opfyifwyifprD mS óud;eJ@ csnx f m;+yD; 'Dtwdik ;f ypfxm;jcif;cH&w,f?
jcifuudu k f ðzwfuudu k ef @J wnvH;k tdyrf &=u/ wa,mufe@J wa,muf tm;ay;wJh
taeeJ@ jynfo@l toHu awmfveS af &;oDcsi;f awGukd avc|ejf y=u pum;ajym=u vky&f if;
rd;k vif;oGm;cJwh ,f?
aemufwae@a&mufwmeJ@ pcef;ygwaD umfrwDu tm%mydik af wGxH &mZoHay;
43
vduk w f ,f? “r0a&pmau|;vd@k ud, k bhf mom &SmazGpm;aomufz@kd awmwd;k wmudk zrf;
wmqD;wm vkyw f ,f? 'gu±kd w _ cf sw,f? csucf si;f jyefvw $ af y;yg/ rv$w&f if wdu k yf q JG if
&vdrfhr,f”
'Dta=umif;=um;csuyf @kd +y;D wmeJ@ &JabmfawG=um; v_yv f y_ &f mS ;&Sm; jzpfuek =f uygawmh
w,f? wa,mufp/D acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uwJh Adv k tf ek ;f armife@J q&m &m*sew f @kd &&dS m
taqmif 4 udo k mG ;+yD; wdu k yf pJG m&if; wif=uw,f? usaemfvnf; oGm;apmifah evdu k f
rdw,f? 4 aqmifae udak v;armif[m usaemfe@J wòrd@wnf;om; æ rE aW v;rSm ausmif;
oGm;wuf=u&if; wtdrx f aJ e/ twlcsuðf ywfpm;/ ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;awG twl
vky=f u&if;u a&S@qifh aemufquf tzrf;cHc=hJ u&w,f?
olu usaemfukd qD;+yD;wm;ygw,f?
“tzd;k }u;D awG OD;aESmufat;at;eJ@ pOf;pm;+y;D a&G;ygap/ armif&ifu &uf 40 wdu k yf JG
0ifxm;vd@k vrf;awmif aumif;aumif;rav#mufEikd af o;bl;/ 'kurQ ay;yge@J ”æ wJ?h
usaemfu “a&G;wm ra&G;wm olwdk@wm0ef/ awmif;qdk&rSmu usaemfhwm0ef/
rjzpfb;l / awG@vu kd Of ;D r,f” vd@k wk@H jyefvu kd wf ,f?
rvSr;f rurf;rSmvnf; udak tmifabmfwa,muf ðyH;jzJjzJe@J atmifbmav uHprf;
rJEud_ zf @kd æ qdyk ?J
usaemft h vSnahf &mufv@kd pwkcd ef;xJ0ifvu kd w
f ,f/ yifyef;aeyH&k ayr,fh tðyH;eJ@ qD;
óud=uw,f? “wdu k yf 0JG ifz@kd yJ r[kwv f m;”æ wJ?h
usaemfu “jynfrjyefciG &hf ayr,fh rjyefwm / aemufwu kd yf aJG wG wduk cf siaf o;vd@k
vd@k ajymzl;ygw,f? tck tcGiñhf uHaevd@k awmif;qdw k myg” vd@k ajymygw,f?
olw@kd u “cifAsm;taeeJ@ &uf 40 rSm wm0efausc+hJ yD/ wjcm;&JabmfawG tvSnhf
ay;OD;rSayg/h tjyifrmS vkypf &mawG trsm;}uD; æ oD;jcm;wm0efay;ygr,f”æ vd@k vrf;
a=umif;v$yJ pfvu kd =f uygw,f?
usaemfu “'gjzif&h if &Jabmfcspaf qGuakd &G;zd@k oabmxm;&So d vm;? olbmjzpfae
w,fqw kd mudv k nf; odr,fxifygw,f” vd@k qufajymygw,f?
“odygw,f? 'Davmufaumif;cJhwJh &Jabmf/ 'Davmuf&efoltay: jywfom;wJh
&Jabmfukd u|eaf wmfw@kd vnf; a&G;csiw f mayg/h 'gayr,fh DC ('Dru kd a&pDAD [dck sKyfuikd rf )_
remcHEikd b f ;l jzpfaew,f? awmif;qdck suf t+yD;tydik &f rS oydwv f eS &f r,f æ wJ/h 'g[m
ygwu D kd tusyu f ikd w f myJ/ axmifwiG ;f wdu k yf rJG mS 'Dvw kd u
kd v f @kd rjzpfb;l ? rav#mEh ikd w f meJ@
av#mhEdkifwm/ wdkufyGJ0if&JabmfawG&J@ vdkufygEdkifr_tajctae/ tm;vHk;=unfh&r,f/
44
aemuf+yD; DC remcHwo hJ ul kd wdu k yf x
JG oJ iG ;f zd@k qw kd muawmh rjzpfEikd b f ;l ” acgi;f aqmif
rsm;bufrv S nf; rlay:rSm jywfom;vScsnhf æ
“'gqkd csKyfuikd rf _ emcHygr,fq&kd if xnfrh mS vm;”
“0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om xnfyh gr,f? cifAsm;wd@k vnf; 0dik ;f ajym=unfyh g”
usaemf xGuv f mwJah emufrmS vnf; &JabmfawG wa,muf+yD;wa,muf awmif;
qd=k uygw,f? ta&G;cH&wmvnf; &S/d trsm;pku ty,fcaH e&w,f? (udak tmifabmfu
‘ty,f&wemawG’ vd@k emrnfay;ygw,f) =umawmh/ udak v;armifwa,muf rae
Edik f rxdik Ef ikd f jzpfvmygw,f? “'Dvekd @J vljynfo h mG ;awmhr,f? igh ra&G;&if'u k ”Q qd+k yD; olyg˜
0ifawmif;qdyk gawmhw,f? ol@taeeJ@ &uf 40 wke;f uvnf; wwd,tokwu f ygc+hJ yD/
ol@rmS emwm&Snf xdyu f yfemuvnf; &Sad eawmh a&G;r,frxif?
'gayr,fh oluakd wmh ‘oifah wmfwhJ tokwrf mS xnfah y;ygr,f’vd@k a&G;vdu k af =umif;
od&w,f?
'Dtcsed rf mS &efou l usaemfw@kd wu,fwu kd af wmhrmS yJqw kd m &dypf m;rdomG ;wmeJ@
zrf;xm;wJh &JabmfEpS af ,mufukd jyefvw $ af y;ygw,f? 'gawmifrS rsupf yd w d /f óud;eJ@csn/f
ql;ðcHawGxJ qGaJ c:/ acsmufxJ usi;f xJcs/ opfyife@J twdu k cf ikd ;f æ ponf vky=f uw,f?
=umawmh xdik o f ydwaf rSmuf+yD; qENjy=uw,f? “'Dtwdik ;f qGaJ c:ae&if rvdu k bf ;l /
owfcsio f wf/ rxbl;”qdrk S aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f ac:vmwmyg? pcef;eJ@e;D rS rsupf d
ydwx f m;wJh t0wfukd ajz/ wkyx f m;wJh óud;awGuakd jzay;+yD; v$wv f u kd yf gw,f?
pcef;xJ olw@kd 0ifvmawmh rsuEf mS awG ndKrJz;l a,mifaew,f? &JabmfawGu wdu k yf JG
pawmhr,fv@kd qD;ajymwmeJ@ 4 aqmifxJ wef;0ifomG ;+y;D tpD&ifcw H ,f? aemufwu kd yf x
JG J
oGi;f ay;zd@k awmif;qd=k uw,f? olw@kd vJ &uf 40 wdu k yf rJG mS yg0ifc=hJ u+yD;jzpfw,f? &Jabmf
tk;H armf 'kw, d tokw/f &Jabmf armifarmifp;kd wwd,tokw?f
'gayr,fh ESpaf ,mufpvH;k udk yxrtokwt f wGuf a&G;cs,cf yhJ gw,f?
usaemfw@kd u rJ}uD;udk 0dik ;f ajym=uw,f? olu “usaemf D.C udk remcHb;l rajym
bl;/ 'gayr,fh wdu k yf 0JG ifawmif;qdck suf D.C udak jymwm”æ vd@k wif;cHaejyefw,f?
&JabmfawGu cspv f nf; csp/f ,Hv k nf; ,H=k unf/ tm;vnf;ud;k wJh &Jabmf b,fvkd
jzpfaewmvJ?
“cifAsm;bufu tJ'v D w kd if;ae&if wdu k yf 0JG ifciG hf b,fvv kd yk &f awmhrvJ” vd@k qkd
awmh “bmvd@k r&&rSmvJ/ ud, k t hf yd &f mvdyu f , kd x f rf;+yD; wdu k yf aJG qmifxJ 0iftyd af erSm
ayg”h æ wJ?h
45
usaemfw@kd tm;vH;k rsuv f ;kH jyL;uke=f uygawmhw,f? wcsK@d u a'goxGu=f uw,f/
ole@J t&if;ES;D qH;k / ol pHtðyqH;k / ol tcspq f ;kH æ ukvm;&Jabmf atmifaroku
“ol@bmom 0ifwu kd af wmh bmta&;vJ? wck ajymxm;r,f/ tJ'v D kd 0ifwu
kd v
f @kd
aooGm;&if D.C udk csK;d azmufwo hJ rl @kd tav;rðybl;/ 'gy”J æ jzpfvmyga&m æ
wdu k yf pJG +yD

v$waf y;onfjzpfap/ v$wrf ay;onfjzpfap/ wdu k zf @kd uawmh qH;k jzwf+yD;om;?
v$waf y;wm=unfjh cif;tm;jzifh wu,fwu kd rf mS udk &efou l vdv k m;yHk r&/ &efol
a=umufae+yDv@kd rSe;f q=unfrh =d uw,f?
tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;udk nuwnf;u óudta=umif;=um;w,f? reufzef wdu k yf pJG
rSmrd@k pcef;tjyifrxGu=f uzd@k arwWm&yfcyH gw,f? tm;vH;k uvnf; óudwifjyifqifra_ wG
vkyx f m;+yD;=u+yDr@kd jy\em r&Sv d ?S
wdu k yf 0JG ifr,fo
h l 30 OD; owfrw S x f m;ygw,f? 10 a,mufp/D 3 okwcf yJG gw,f?
wdu k yf t JG óuad e@naerSm wm0efawGcv JG ukd =f u+y/D wm0efcaJG 0wJph m&if; usaemfuikd &f w,f?
usaemfq h D wa,muf+y;D wa,muf vmar;ae=uw,f? tmvH;k v_yv f y_ &f mS ;&Sm;jzpfae=u
w,f? vef;qef;wufºuGae=uw,f? tjyeftvSepf =u aemufajymif=uwmawGvnf;
&S&d @J / 'DtxJrmS tqd;k qH;k u usaemf tjyifxu G af e&mrS OD;jroef;(wif)h a&mufvm+yD;
“usaemfw h m0efvnf; ajymOD;av” æ wJ?h
“OD;jroef;eJ@ tD;zef(w±kw&f aJ bmf 0if;Edik )f u uif;wm0efusw,f”
oluvnf; acolr[kw/f csucf si;f oabmayguo f mG ;+yD;
“usaemfw@kd ESpaf ,mufom uif;apmif=h u&if tdek mppfoabFm}uD; uke;f ay:wuf
vmwmawmif rjrifrv d u
kd =f ubJ 0ifwu kd v
f u kd rf S odvu kd =f urSm”æ wJ/h w±kw}f uD;
tD;zefuvnf; ol@avmufrxlawmif cyfxx l l rsurf eS w f yfxm;&olyg?
‘wdkufyGJaqmif 1’tjzpf usaemfwdk@tcef;ukda&G;cJh+yD;jzpfvdk@ 9 aqmifom;rsm;
cGJwef;us&m 4/ 8/ 10/ 11 aqmifrsm;odk@ udk,fhtdyf,mudk,fxrf;+yD; a&$@=u&w,f?
usaemfuawmh aq;rSL; &Jabmfat;jrif&h &dS m taqmif 2 udk ajymif;ygw,f? taqmif
2 [m axmifaq;±kcH ef;vnf; jzpfw,f? taqmif 1 udk rlvu &dumQ cef; owfrw S af y
r,fh rvHðk cHv@kd rxm;awmhyg?
'Dtcsed rf mS pwkweˆ @J aemufq;kH q&m0eftjzpf wm0efusaeolu rE aW v;om;
46
a'guw f m csprf if;/ odyt
f qd;k }uD;r[kwaf yr,fh tm%mydik t
f vduk s vkyw
f wfo/l axmif
ydkifu 00wkwfwkwfeJ@ wu,fhudk æ rqv‘a'gufwkdif’yg? olqdk;vGef;vdk@ +yD;cJhwJh
ygwt D crf;tem; 328 rSm jyZmwfxJ ol@Zmwf±yk w f ±kyf xnfu
h cJyh gw,f? &Jabmfatmif
xDu axmifyikd f ‘a-G;bDv;l xGe;f cif’tjzpf yGuJ satmif 0ifucJwh ,f? 'Davmufaumif;wJh
&Jabmfu (tepfemcH+yD;) 'Davmufq;kd wJh Zmwf±yk af e&m 0ifyg&wm &ifemp&mawmh
taumif;om; æ?
1971 ck ZGev f 9 &ufae@ jzpfw,f?

taqmif 9 t0ifaygux f yd rf mS ezl;pnf; pmwrf;}uD;wck tpGio hf m;a&mufaeyg+yD?
jynfo@l toH. aºuG;a=umfo?H
“&efow l um a=umuf';l wkeyf gap/ jynfot l aygi;f &$iv f ef;tm;wuf=uygap” wJ?h
eHuf 7 em&DrmS usaemfw@kd wawG bl;0udo k mG ;=uygw,f? &JabmfawGtm;vH;k &J@
rsuEf mS awGukd =unfv h u kd jf cif; tm;jzifh ‘t&m&mudk &ifqikd rf ,f’qdw k hJ ydik ;f jzwfcsuaf wG
ay:aeygw,f? oGuo f u G v f ufvuf vSr;f oGm;=uwmyg?
acgi;f aqmifawGu tapmif0h g'gawGxrJ w S a,mufukd tm%mydik af wGqD v$wv f ukd f
w,f? ‘pum;ajymp&m &Sw d ,f/ tjrefvmawG@yg’
a&mufvmwmeJ@ yxr/ ppftpd;k &&J@vyk &f yfawGukd ±_wcf sygw,f? aemuf ud, k f
xlu, kd xf zsuo f rd ;f ay;zd@k / jynfr tcGit hf a&; tjynft h 0ay;zd@k awmif;qdyk gw,f?
xHk;pHtwdkif; olwdk@uvnf; txufudk wifjyay;ygr,f vdk@ wkH@jyefw,f?
usaemfw@kd u 'Dawmif;qdck suaf wG r&rcsi;f tpmiwfcH wdu k yf 0JG ifvu kd +f yD jzpfa=umif;
a=unmygw,f?
aºuG;a=umfow H ikd rf ,f&h aJ bmfu ykq;kd udk wif;wif;wdw k kd jyif0wfvu kd w f ,f?
ud, k xf ul ,kd x f - (zsuo f rd ;f ay;/ zsuo f rd ;f ay;)
jynfrtcGit hf a&; - (csucf si;f ay;/ csucf si;f ay;) æ vd@k tm;&yg;& aºuG;a=umf=u+yD;
ud,
k t hf aqmifu, kd f jyefc=hJ uw,f? wdu k yf rJG +yD;rcsi;f reufwcg naewcg 'DypkH t H wdik ;f
oGm;cJ=h uw,f?
'Dae@rSp+yD; zdk}uD;ESpfzdku xrif;pm;/ qefðywfaomuf/ vufzuf&nfaomuf
oHacsmif;acguo f aH wG wdwq f wd o f mG ;cJah y+yD?
v_y&f mS ;r_wikd ;f jiifjiifomom/ owdEiS hf jzpfvm=uw,f? v_y&f mS ;r_wikd ;f OD;wnfcsuf
wcktwGuf t"dym` ,f&&dS dS v_y&f mS ;ae=uw,f? wdu k yf aJG qmif 1 &Sd Striker awGukd qEN
47
t& [kwrf [kwf ar;/ aq;ppf aygicf sed f vkyaf e=uay+yD?
yxrtokwf
(1) &Jabmf pde0f if;
(2) &Jabmf ode;f =unf
(3) &Jabmf tk;H armf
(4) &Jabmf armifarmifp;dk
(5) &Jabmf Azl;!Ge@f
(6) &Jabmf vScsKd
(7) &Jabmf atmif0if;
(8) &Jabmf oef;armif
(9) &Jabmf !Ge@f ped f
(10 ) &Jabmf - - wd@k wa,muf+yD; wa,muf æ?
yxr tokww f iG f &Jabmfcspaf qG rygvu
kd &f yg? ol@twGuf usaemfw@kd pdwrf aumif;
=u/ olvnf;r_id uf somG ;w,f? od@k wikd f olus&m wm0efukd rvpf[if;&atmif *±kpu kd v f yk f
aqmifaeygw,f? &JabmfawGu 0dik ;f aqG;aEG; tzd;k }uD;awGu ac:&Si;f jyvky&f mu aemuf
qH;k rSm ol D.C emcHygr,f jzpfvmygw,f? 'kw, d tokwrf mS ta&G;cHvu kd &f yg+yD?
wdu k yf tJG aetxm;

wdu k yf t JG vm;tvmawGe@J ywfouf+yD; rwku d cf ifuwnf;u tpktoD;oD;u rdrd
wd@k tjrifawGwifjyxm;=u+yD;vnf; jzpfw,f? usaemfu tvHeD 46 &uf wdu k yf t
JG ay:
ed*;kH csKyf+yD; tckawmif;qdck suu f ydjk rifw
h ,f? tvHeD 2 a,muf uscw hJ ,f? usaemfw@kd u
tenf;qH;k 3 a,muf trsm;qH;k 5 a,muf usEikd w f ,f æ vd@k wGujf ycJw h ,f? tzd;k }uD;
awGe@J awG@wek ;f uvnf; wifjy+yD;jzpfw,f? olw@kd uawmh bmrSrajym æ?
&efou l vnf; usaemfw@kd tjywfwu kd rf ,fqw kd mod+yD;om;/ &JabmfawGtaeeJ@
uvnf; ypPn;f rJyh gww D &yf&@J acgi;f aqmifrq _ w kd m 'Dvx kd al xmif&ygvm; vd@k av;euf+yD;
om; æ 'DwdkufyGJ[m udk,fxludk,fx u|ef;b0 oufZdk;&Snf§r&Snf qHk;jzwfr,fhyGJ/
t&if;tES;D ray;bJ r&Edik ?f
'ga=umifhvnf; &efukefu axmufvSrf;a&;!$ef=um;a&;rSL; vefbm; wifOD;
(rsurf eS w f ifO;D vd@k vnf;ac:=u)ud, k w f ikd f a&wyfpcef;rSmvmxdik +f yD; uGyu f yJ gawmhw,f?
'gukd pufxu J wqifh ygwaD umfrwDu odaew,f? xdyw f ef;v#K@d 0u
S u f pd rP @kd usaemfw@kd
48
rod&/ aemifro S &d wJh udpyP g?
'Dtajctae=um;rSm 'kw, d tokwef @J wwd,tokwf &JabmfawG ‘wdu k yf aJG qmif
-2 ’(tcef; 8)xJ vSr;f 0ifae=uyg+yD?
usaemfu h akd y;xm;wJw h m0efu 0g'jzef@csad &;/ Edik if aH &;vkyif ef;jzpfw,f? &JabmfawG
u jynfo@l toH/ yDuif;a&'D,u kd vmwJah qmif;yg;awG csucf si;f zrf; csucf si;f ul; ay;=u
wmawGukd usaemfu 8 aqmife@J 9 aqmifrmS wvSnphf D zwfjy&ygw,f? wae@wcsed f
owfrw S x f m;ygw,f? naecif;awGrmS awmh tEkynmtzG@J u awmfveS af &; aw;oDcsi;f
awG wyk'+f yD;wyk'f oDqw kd ;D r_waf zsmaf jzwm&Sw d ,f?
wwd,tokwf wdu k yf 0JG ift+yD; pkpak ygi;f 21 &ufausmf 22 &ufae@rmS tvHerD S
&Jew
D OD; (&JeD atmifp;kd )/ aemuf&ufrmS rvny A[kad umfrwD OD;pd;k odr;f / aemuf&ufus
awmh awmfvSefwJhjynfol@tzGJ@rS udkodef;vGifwdk@ a&S@pOfaemufquf 0ifvmygw,f?
pkpak ygi;f 33 OD; &Sod mG ;yg+yD?
ygwt D oD;oD;rS ðypkapmifah &Smufol wOD;pD p˜xnfah y;ygw,f?
wdu k yf 0JG if&aJ bmfawGuawmh æ

- trsm;pku ðypko&l aJ bmfawG/ tcsed t f m;vd@k vmpum;ajymolawGe@J pum;p
rnfajym/ aqG;aEG;p&m&Sd aqG;aEG;ae=uw,f?
- wcsK@d u ae@pOfrw S w f rf;awG a&;=uw,f? oDcsi;f a&;olvnf; &Sw d ,f? olw@kd &@J
ajympum;eJ@ rSww f rf;awGxrJ mS
- ygwt D ay: ,H=k unfr_
- jynfot l ay: ,H=k unfr/_ tvkyt f au|;ðyvdrk _
- awmfveS af &;tay: ,H=k unfr/_ opPm&Srd _
- jynfou l ckd spcf ifr/_ &JabmfawGtay: wG,w f mcspcf ifr_
- &efot l ay: wl;wl;cg;cg; rke;f wD;r_ æ awGtjyif awmfveS w f hJ ol&aJ umif;0g'
tjrifawG pdu k xf x l m;=uwmawG@&w,f? wcsK@d u rdrd yxrqH;k usvakd =umif; azmfjy=u
w,f? pmeJ@ra&;bJ ajympum;eJ@vyk [ f efawGt& 'Dpw d "f mwfukd azmfjyoGm;wJh tcsi;f
t&mawGuawmh rsm;rSrsm;yg?
rd;k uvnf; òzdiòf zdiu f svmyg+yD/ aemufyikd ;f &ufawGusawmh rkew f ikd ;f yg˜ygvmcJw h ,f?
ðypkol &JabmfawG/ uif;orm;awGe@J zdw k m0efus &JabmfawG rd;k xJrek wf ikd ;f xJrmS pdpk &kd &J$ eJ$ @J
tajy;tv$m; jzpfae=uw,f? aeyl&uf r&So d avmufy/J &uf 40 wdu k yf wJG ek ;f uawmh
49
rd;k &Gmvdu k of nf r&S/d yljyif;ajcmufaoG@vcS sn?hf
ckawmh Al;0 oGm;/ vnfacsmif;uGaJ tmif atmf/ rd;k xJa&xJ t0wftpm;u ajcmuf
vdu k o f nf r&S/d at;vGe;f &if zd}k uD;bufomG ; æ rD;v_±H ykH J &Sw d ,f? b,forl S rnnf;nL/
ud, k whf m0efvpf[if;oGm;rSmyJ pd;k &draf e=uw,f? tm±Hw k ckwnf;tay:rSmyJ pl;pdu k af e
=uwmuvm;?
rd;k upJonf r&Sad wmh/ pGwpf x kd ikd ;f r_id ;f r_}uD;u tdy&f mawGxt J xd vdu
k af eygyaum/
wdu k yf 0JG if&aJ bmfawG tat;rrdatmif jywif;wHcg;awG tvHyk w d x
f m;&w,f? t0if
txGuw f cH g; 4 ayguu
f sawmh *keef t D w d cf aHG wGpyfcsKyf+yD; cef;qD;tumawG vkyaf y;xm;
&w,f? 'grS vlt0iftxGuf uyfvu kd v f mwJh rd;k pufr;kd r_eaf wGukd wm;xm;Edik rf mS æ?
'gvnf; tenf;tusO;f awmh 0ifwmygy?J
v#ypf pfr;D uvnf; ‘pufysuo f nf’ta=umif;jy+yD; rvif;wm=um+yD? vufqrJG ;D
tdrfuav;awG ay;xm;w,f? ae@cif;rSmarSmifaewwf+yD; tvHkydwftcef;xJrSm
vJavsmif;ae&wJh &ufawGrsm;vmw,f? c&pf,mefusr;f vm aem{&J@ avS}uD; 0rf;ydik ;f
eJ@ wlaeovm;? usaemfpOf;pm;rd?
yxrqHk;jy\em
wvausmv f m+yD; rd;k awGavawG usaeqJrmS c&rf;rS Auo acgi;f aqmif udpk ed 0f if;
(e0w vufxuf tif;pdef axmifwiG ;f rSmusq;kH ) usaemfjzpfco hJ vdk a&aomufr0if
jzpfvmw,f? a&wpuf0ifwmeJ@ Adu k x f u
J t0g&nf/ tpdr;f &nfawG tef˜tef xGuf
aew,f? w&uf/ ESp&f uf æ =umawmh armvm+yD?
aq;rSL; udkat;jrifh (usD;oJ)u tdyfpOfay: vlemab;xdkifaew,f? usaemfu
ajc&if;wrHwvif;ay: &yfvsuo f m; æ?
us;D u usaemfu h kd vufnKd‡ ;xd;k jy+yD; “ANwke;f uvdk a&iH˜k iHk axG;aevd@k tusK;d r&Sb d ;l /
wdu k yf &JG ufu&Snrf mS / 0ifatmif wdu k ?f tefcsitf efyap”qd+k yD; ðypkol &Jabmfukd cdik ;f yg
w,f? 'Dvekd @J aomufvu kd f tefvu kd ef @J ae@0ufavmuf óud;pm;vdu k w f m nusawmh
yHrk eS jf zpfomG ;+yD/ &JabmfawGu aq;rª;us;D udk aus;Zl;wif=uw,f?
&Jabmf udpk ed 0f if;vnf; wdu k yf uJG +kd y;D onftxd qufvufqifEo J$ mG ;Edik cf w
hJ ,f? olu
yxrtokwf &Jabmfjzpfw,f? t&yf 5 ay/ 11 vuRavmuf? cE<mud, k cf yfjynhjf ynf/h
tom;vwfvwf/ Auo acgi;f aqmif? u|e;f ygwaD umfrwDxrJ mS ygco hJ ?l usaemfw@kd cspf
=unfav;pm;wJh tud}k uD;?
50
58 ckEpS f Edu k *f s;D &D;,m; ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif tef*svm Armjynfa&mufcphJ Of
Auo/ wuo/ &uo or*~}uD; 3 cke@J aygi;f +yD; tar&duefo±H ;kH a&S@ qENjyyGw J ckvyk cf hJ
w,f? tm%mydik af wGu ±du k +f y;D vlpck aJG p&mrSm ausmif;om;wcsK@d '%f&m&cJw h ,f? udpk ed f
0if; cg;±d;k usK;d cJw
h ,f? 'ga=umifh jAuf 6 vuRavmuf&w dS hJ cg;ywfjym;}uD; ywfxm;&wJh
oljzpfw,f?
u|e;f tmZmenfrsm;
1? &Jabmf ode;f =unf (yxr tokw)f
rkefwdkif;u rpJ/ rdk;urjywf/ &moDuat;˜ at;vm&if;u &Jabmf odef;=unf
wa,muf tat;rdomG ;cJw h ,f? ol@touf±o ª [ H m jyif;onfxuf jyif;vmcJw h ,f?
ol@&ift[ kH m zm;zd}k uD;vdk ydev f u kd f azmif;vdu k ef @J / av±ªoH ESmr_wo f u H wcef;vH;k udk
v$r;f aeygawmhw,f? rkew f ikd ;f c%+idro f mG ;wJt h cdu k q f &kd if wjcm;tcef;awGuyg =um;
=u&w,f? usaemfw@kd b,fvv kd yk f tdyv f @kd &ygawmhrwke;f ? emusirf a_ 0'emawG ud, k pf eD @J
tr#yg? 'Dvjkd zpfaewm 3-4 &uf &So d mG ;cJ+h yD?
wdu k yf 0JG if&uf 37 &ufta&muf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aeomaeygw,f? r&awmhreS ;f
odvm=uawmhwt hJ cg æ naecif; wdu k yf aJG qmif 1 &JŒ taemufawmifaxmifh iSuaf ysm
yifatmufu wa,moHav;woH xGuv f mcJw h ,f? wjr‡i;f jr‡i;f xGuv f mwJh aw;oGm;
u tifwmae&Sief ,focD si;f oH æ?
wa,mjym;av; ar;atmufrmS xm;+yD; 0rf;enf;a=uuGq J @kd epfpmG aw;oGm;udk azmf
usL;aeol &Jabmfjrifah omif; ('l;csuzf )f &J@ rsuv f ;kH xJrmS rsu&f nfawG0ikd ;f vd@k æ?
'Daw;oGm;udk ±kww f &uf jzwfawmufypfvu kd w f mu “owd”qdw k t hJ rde@f ay;oH æ
wcef;vH;k &Sd &JabmfawG a&muf&mt&yfrmS owdqJG &yfvu kd =f uw,f? “tifwmae
&Sife,foDcsif; p˜qdk”qdkwJhtoH qufay:vmwmeJ@ tifwmae&Sife,foDcsif;oH[m
wu|e;f vH;k udk zH;k v$r;f oGm;ygawmhw,f?
oDcsi;f vnf;qH;k a&m æ bl;0oGm;? tm%mydik af wGuakd c:? vufnK‡d ;aiguaf iguf
xd;k +yD; aºuG;a=umfoaH wGukd wdik =f uw,f?
&Jabmf ode;f =unfukd owfwm æ æ (ppftpd;k &/ ppftpd;k &)
zdEydS cf sKyfjc,fr_ æ æ (tvdrk &S/d tvdrk &S)d
ud, k x f ul ,kd x f æ æ (zsuo f rd ;f ypf/ zsuo f rd ;f ypf)
&Jabmfwa,mufuswikd ;f wemrnfw;kd +yD; 'DypkH t H wdik ;f usaemfw@kd aºuG;a=umfchJ
51
=uw,f?
&Jabmf ode;f =unf&@J ±kyt f avmif;udk usypf ;D vdu k w f ,f? &JabmfwcsK@d pcef;opfbuf
xGuo f mG ;+yD;/ oGyjf ym;awG cGm/ tdypf ifysOw f csK@d ðzwf,v l mcJw h ,f? aemuf pcef;wGi;f
tv,ftal =umxJrmS tmZmenfArd mefwck xlaqmufvu kd w f ,f? txJrmS cg;avmuf
jrifwh whJ ikd af wGpu kd f wef;&Sn}f uD; ESpw f ef; ypfxm;ygw,f? tavmif;pifyg?
cGmvmwJh oGyjf ym;awGukd acgi;f &du k /f jymawGxnf/h &Jabmfoed ;f =unf&@J ±kyu f vmyf
wif jymzH;k / oGyjf ym;tzH;k eJ@ ydwv f u kd =f uum pifay:xdyzf sm;rSm wifvu kd =f uygw,f?
&Jabmf ode;f =unf wdu k yf uJG mvtwGi;f jzpfcsiw f q hJ EN/ ajymcJw h hJ =o0g'/ rSmcJw
h hJ
pum;awGxu J wcsK@d ukd ydpk wma&;+yD; Adrmefa&S@rmS axmifxm;ygw,f? txif&mS ;qH;k
uawmh æ
‘qHcsnw f r#iaf wmif aemufrqkwef @J qufwu kd f æ’qdw k myJ/ 'g[m ol@&@J aemuf
qH;k pum;vnf; jzpfygw,f?
ol@&@J ud, k af &;&mZ0ifukd csucf si;f ðypk+yD; usef &JabmfawGukd zwfjy&w,f? ol[m
tdraf xmif&iS w f OD;jzpfw,f? udu k ;kd u|e;f ygwD *Dw0dik ;f &J@ *Dwrª;jzpfw,f? rmrmat;udk
yxrqH;k pifwifay;wJt h xJrmS olvnf; wa,muftygt0ifv@kd od&w,f? tcsuf
tðywf/ rke@f zw k af umif;vd@k &JabmfawGu ol@ukd ‘tar=unf’vd@k ac:=uw,f? tcrf;
tem;awGwikd ;f ol@vuf&mrke@f awG w0wjyJpm;=u&w,f? u|e;f rSm oDcsi;f wcsK@d pyfomG ;
cJw
h ,f? tif;pdeaf xmifxrJ mS vnf; pyfcw hJ ,f? olpyfqo kd mG ;wJh awmfveS af &;oDcsi;f awGukd
tqif&h w dS o hJ cD si;f awGv@kd *Dwem;vnfoal wGu ajymygw,f? 'ga=umifv h nf; &JabmfawG
E_wzf sm;rSm ol@ocD si;f awGys0H aJ ewmyg? ppfcso D cD si;f wyk'q f v kd #if tcrf;tem;wdik ;f rSm
rygv#if r+yD;?
&Jabmf ode;f =unfusq;kH +yD;aemufwae@rmS u|e;f tm%mydik w f pk vufuikd t f oHcs@J
pufuav;udik +f yD; tvky±f y_ af ea=umif; uif;u owif;yd@k w,f? r=umcif æ?
“xde;f odr;f tm;vH;k bl;0rSm pkay;=uyg? ajymp&m&Sw d ,f? ajymp&m&Sw d ,f”æ qdw k hJ
toHay:vmygw,f? pyDumu raumif;awmh toHxu G v f myHu k jywfawmif;jywf
awmif; jzpfaeygw,f? t}udr}f udrf atmfac:aewmyg?
ygw&D @J arwWm&yfccH sut f & b,forl S roGm;=u?
'DawmhrS a&wyfu Adv k rf LS ;[efw@JG acgi;f aqmifwhJ tm%mydik w f pk oufawmfapmifh
wcsK@d jcH&+H yD; a=umifppD eD @J 0ifvmygw,f? waqmif+yD;waqmif 0ifEw _ q f uf=uw,f?
b,fou l rS pdw0f ifpm;[ef rjy=u?
52
“wdu k yf JG &yfay;=uyg? r=umrD u|e;f pcef;zsuo f rd ;f ay;ygrh ,f? =um;umvrSmawmh
ud,k x f ul , kd x
f qufvyk af y;=uyg”æ vd@k &if;&if;ES;D ES;D ajymw,f?
olw@kd p˜0ifwhJ taqmifawGu wjcm;tzG@J tpnf;awG&@J taqmifawGyg? txJrmS
&Sw
d hJ xde;f odr;f awGu “tck wdu k yf 0JG ifaewm ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D jzpfygw,f?
usaemfw@kd u axmufcw H ,f? wdu k yf &JG yf˜r&yf olw@kd e@J yJ pum;ajymyg”ævd@k ajymv$wf
vdu k yf gw,f?
ygwt D aqmifawGxJ a&mufawmhvnf; “acgi;f aqmifawG&ydS gw,f? olw@kd e@J oGm;
ajym=uyg”ævd@k cg˜v$wv f ukd w
f ,f? b,forl S olw@kd ukd *±kðy[ef rjy/ vkypf &m&Sw d hJ
tvkyyf J vkyaf e=uw,f?
Adv k rf LS ;[efw@JG [m ocif cifatmife@J &if;ES;D ygw,f? 'ga=umifh &$e;f &$e;f a0atmif
pum;awGajymaewm jrif&w,f? tefu,f}uD; ocif cifatmifuawmh wcsuyf J 0wf
ausðyH;ðyH;jyvdu k w f ,f?
'Dvekd @J aemufq;kH awmh acgi;f aqmifawG&&dS mudk a&mufvm=uw,f? olw@kd u olw@kd
urf;vSr;f csuu f kd ajymjy=uw,f? acgi;f aqmifawGu vufrcH/
“yxrqH;k taeeJ@ ud, k xf ul ,
kd xf udk zsuo f rd ;f ay;yg”æ vd@k jyefawmif;qdyk gw,f?
tay;t,l rwnf=h u? wyfacgujf yefxu G o f mG ;=uw,f?
&Jabmfoed ;f =unfukd *k%ðf ywJo h cD si;f udk &JabmfawG pk˜pyfvu kd =f uw,f? +yD;wmeJ@
wdu
k yf 0JG if &Jabmfrsm;eJ@ use&f aJ bmfrsm;udk wD;r_waf zsmaf jz=uw,f? &JabmfwcsK@d rsu&f nf
rqnfEikd ?f
wdu k yf tJG &Sed uf awmh jrifoh nfxufjrifv h mcJ+h yD?
2? &Jabmf tH;k armf (yxr tokw)f

ol[m &efo@l a&wyfu r&de;f wyfom;wOD; jzpfw,f? a&wyfom;jzpf+yD; a&rul;
wwfv@kd tjrJwrf; uspD ,faemufajymifwm cHae&olyg? u|e;f a&mufrS &JabmfawG 0dik ;f
oifay;=uw,f? ZGaJ umif;aumif;eJ@ tqufrjywf avhusiyhf gawmhw,f? tdek mqpf
oabFm}uD;udk ywfu;l Edik w
f ahJ e@uawmh vufcyk o
f w
H ajzmif;ajzmif;eJ@ =obmay; cHc&hJ
w,f?
qufo, G af &;wyfom;awGjzpf=uwJh ole@J udak tmifxD (&cdik rf mS ajymifajrmufpmG
usqHk;ol) u &efol@=um;jzwfowif;awGzrf;ay;cJhvdk@ trsm;}uD; tusKd;&SdcJhygw,f?
53
‘jynfo@l toH’udk pv$iw hf hJ yxr &ufrmS yif rdatmifzrf;ay;Edik cf o hJ al wGyg?
&Jabmf atmifxu D yky/k olu t&yf 6 ay eD;yg;eJ@ xGm;usKid ;f oefrmolwa,muf
jzpfw,f? qefðywfukd bmvDcsKid hf wcsKd ifh ukeaf tmifaomufEikd o f jl zpfv@kd &JabmfawGu
‘qefðywf}uD;’vd@k csppf Ed;k ac:=uygw,f? 0rf;awGav#mwJt h cgusawmh ‘udyk g}uD;’ vd@k
ajymif;ac:=ujyefw,f?
wyfxrJ mS U-G vky=f u&if; 67 -ckEpS rf mS ole@J udak tmifxu D kd zrf;rdawmh &efou l
tawmfwek v f y_ o
f mG ;ygw,f? Auy ,l*s[ D m wd@k vuf&if;wyfawGxt J xd a&mufaeyg
vm; æ qd+k yD; t}uD;tus,f ESyd pf ufygw,f? 68 ckEpS f yJc;l ±d;k rxd;k ppfe@J twl tusO;f
axmifawGrmS zdEydS rf a_ wGvyk w f ek ;f u Auy &JabmfawG tvl;tvdrchf =H u&w,f? txl;
OD;pm;ay;&efol eHygwf 1 owfrw S +f yD; tn‡Kd ;xm; zdEydS w f myg? &Jabmf tk;H armfq&kd if
0g'g ESpaf ,mufu ajcaxmufEpS af csmif; wzufwcsupf D '&Gwq f +JG yD; taqmifay:u
wduk xf aJ &mufwt hJ xd qJqakd c:oGm;wmyg? wdu k x f aJ &mufrS wud, k v f ;kH tom;awGxJ
0ifaewJh cJav;awG/ opfwo kd pfpav;awG xGix f w k yf pf&w,fv@kd ajymzl;ygw,f?
&JabmfawGukd cspv f u kd w f m oHa,mZOf&v dS u kd w f muvnf; t&rf; ol@rw S w
f rf;xJ
rSm &Jabmf ode;f =unf tvl;tvdrhf cHae&wmudk rcsrd qef@ a&;xm;w,f? wae&mrSmæ
“ig t&ifq;kH usrS jzpfr,f? 'grS use&f aJ bmfawGukd u,fEikd rf ,f”ævd@k azmfjyxm;w,f?
(&Jabmfwa,muf uswikd ;f olw@kd ud, k af &;&mZ0ife@J rSww f rf;awGukd 0g'jzef@csad &;
wm0efay;xm;wJh usaemfq h D tyfxm;ygw,f)
&Jabmf ode;f =unf tonf;toefjzpfaecsed f t&ifusomG ;rSmpd;k vd@k a&raomufyJ
aewJt h a=umif;vnf; a&;xm;w,f? 'gukd apmapmu r&dypf m;rd=u ae@pOf aygicf sed af e
&wmrd@k ol@aygicf sed u f 'va[m usvu kd vf mygw,f? ðypko&l aJ bmfawGu owdxm;
apmif=h unf&h mu odomG ;+y;D owif;yd@k ygw,f? ygwu D a&udk yHrk eS af omuf&r,fv@kd trde@f
ay;rS jyefaomufoyl g? wdu k yf 0JG if&uf 46 &uf aphwahJ e@rmS ol usq;kH oGm;awmh ol@rmS
tom;ta&awG trsm;}uD; useaf eygao;w,f? ajcmufuyfroGm;ygb;l ?
ol@rwS wf rf;xJu tqdt k rde@f wckukd a&G;Ekw+f yD; ydpk wma&;r,f&h aJ bmfukd ay;vdu k f
ygw,f?
“v,form;[m x,fx;kd wJt h cg tikwt f jrpfyg ruseaf tmif xd;k &ovdk &efou l dk
wdu k &f mrSm tikwt f jrpfyg ruseaf p&bl;”æ wJ?h
54
3? &Jabmf cspaf qG (rJ}uD;) ('kw, d tokw)f
0dik ;f 0ef;ajymqd=k u&mu aemufq;kH awmh D.C emcHygr,fjzpfvmvd@k 'kw, d tokwf
u yg0ifcGifh&cJhw,f? 'Dae&mrSm bmeJ@tvm;o¾efwlovJqdkawmh awmwGif;rSm
xºuGaomif;use;f aewJh usm;}uD;waumif (wdu k yf o
JG iG ;f ay;vdu k w f meJ@ auseyfomG ;+yD;)
yÌvufe@J ,keu f av;waumiftoGif csucf si;f ajymif;vdu k o f vdk &JabmfawGu cHpm;
=u&w,f?
ol&@J &,foaH rmoHawG =um;vm&jyefw,f? tm;vH;k udk jiifjiifomom qufq+H yD;
ðyH;yef;awG a0vmcJw h ,f? 'gayr,fh oltvdrk jynfw h mwckuawmh useaf eqJ æ ol@ukd
&Jabmf atmifaroku tac:tajym rvkyfwmjzpfw,f? &Jabmf atmifarok[m
ðypka&;wm0efusayr,fh rJ}uD;&S&d m wdu k yf aJG qmif 2 udk roGm;bJ/ wdu k yf aJG qmif 1 rSmyJ
ayuyfaew,f? rJ}u;D u ol@ukd pum;ajymcsiaf ew,f? use&f aJ bmfawGukd tac:v$waf y
r,fh rvm?
wae@ æ rJ}uD;u usaemfu h kd pum;p˜ygw,f? “qdwo f ;kd eJ@ pum;ajymcsiw f ,f?
cifAsm;ajym&if &ygw,fAsm? v$waf y;ygvm;”æ wJ?h (&Jabmf atmifarok&@J &,fou H
qdwjf rnfoH xGuw f ,f? ol@yg;odik ;f ar$;awG&,f/ ol@tyd &f mem; qdwo f ;kd }uD;waumif
vmatmfaewm&,fa=umifh emrnfajymif ay;xm;jcif;jzpf)
Striker wa,muf&@J qENukd jznfp h rG ;f ay&rSmu jyify&JabmfawG&@J wm0efr@kd “ajymyg
r,fAsm”vd@k uwday;vdu k rf w d ,f? &rnf/ r&rnfrod? cufr,fqw kd myJ odw,f?
usaemfu udak tmifarokukd “cifAsm; taqmif 9 rSmcsn;f raeeJ@/ taqmif 8
vnf;oGm; æ rJ}uD;eJ@vnf; pum;ajymyg”æ vd@k cdik ;f vdu k w f ,f? odyv f yk cf siyf kH r&/
'gayr,fh xGuo f mG ;wmawmh jrifvu kd &f w,f?
aemufae@ rJ}uD;qDa&mufawmh ‘vm&J@vm;’ ar;rdw,f?
“vmawmhvmw,fAs/ usaemfajymwmyJ em;axmif+yD; tcsed u f swmeJ@ xjyefomG ;
w,f? awmif;yefvu kd &f vd@k auseyfovdv k akd wmht&So d m; 'gayr,fh wrsK;d }uD;yJAsm”æ
wJ?h ol@toHu aqG;aqG;ajr@ajr@}uD; æ usaemf tawmfpw d rf aumif;jzpfomG ;rdw,f?
&Jabmf atmifarokuv kd ukd &f mS +yD; aqG;aEG;&jyefw,f? olu tif; rv_y/f tJ rv_yf
“'DrmS udak tmifarok/ &Jabmfwa,muf tcsed rf a&G;usEikd w f t hJ csed rf mS "e&Siaf ygupf
rmeawG xm;raeeJ@/ ol@ukd D.C remcHv@kd rac:rajymbl;vkycf w hJ ,f? xm;awmhæ ck
olemcHae+yD/ cifAsm;tvSnahf &mufvm+yDaem? ck usaemfajymaewm[m &Jabmftm;vH;k
&J@qEN/ oabmxm;/ csKyfuikd rf _ D.C yJ/ jyefajym&r,f”
55
oliikd u
f somG ;ygw,f?
8 aqmifuxGuv f mwJh &Jabmfwa,mufxu G v f mvd@k ar;=unfah wmh ‘jyefajym
aewmawmh awG@w,f/ pdwaf &mud, k yf g ajymaewmawmh r[kwb f ;l xifw,f ’ wJ?h
'gayr,fh rJ}u;D uawmh auseyfomG ;yg+y/D usaemfe@J awG@awmh “cifAsm;udk aus;Zl;wif
vdu
k w
f m æ” vd@k ajym&Smw,f?
wduk yf w JG u kd wf mvnf; 48 &uf&cdS +hJ yD/ &efo@l bufuvnf; aemufxyf xl;jcm;wJh

azmfjycsurf &S?d rJ}uD;wd@k 'kw, d tokwf 41 &ufajrmufnoef;acgiaf vmufrmS 8 aqmif
bufu ðypko&l aJ bmfwa,muf uwdu k uf ±duk f ajy;vmw,f?
“udak t;jrif/h xOD; æ rJ}uD; 0rf;awGomG ;aew,f? ol@rsuEf mS vnf; odyu f somG ;+yD/
acsmif+yD; ,dq k if;usomG ;ovdyk ”J
uwdu k u f ±du k x
f ˜vduk o f mG ;rd=uw,f? rJ}uD;uawmh rv_y/f 0rf;oGm;xm;wmu
aq;±Ho k ;kH aºuG*zH vm;av;xJrmS rd@k vSyjf yvdu k wf meJ@ iH@k =unfrh v d u
kd =f uw,f?
“td;k ” æ qd;k vdu k w
f t hJ eH@}uD;/ ta&mifawGuvnf; rJv@kd / csucf si;f jyeftydwcf ikd ;f
vduk &f w,f? tjyifa&mufawmh udak t;jrifu h æ
“r&awmhb;l / i,facs;vd@k ac:wmrsK;d aygh æ” wJh
aemufwae@ eHeufapmapmrSmyJ &JabmfcspfaqG(rJ}uD;) usqHk;oGm;&Smygw,f?
olusomG ;awmh “rJ}u;D a&/ zd;k cspaf &/ rif;eJ@ig[m wa,mufe@J wa,muf tcspq f ;kH ygumG /
ckawmh æ”qd+k yD; wpfq@kd omG ;wJh udak tmifarok&@J wkew f ek &f nf&nf idn k nf;oHukd =um;
vdkuf=u&w,f?
0g'gpcef;bufrmS awmh tifwmae&Sief ,foq H ;kH oGm;wJt h csed f ajy;0ifvmwJh 0g'g
wa,mufu atmf[pfvu kd w f ,f? “rJ}uD; usomG ;+yDwahJ [h æ” qdyk /J olw@kd tjrJvef@
ae&wJh olwa,muf æ ckawmh wawmvif;=u+yDayg?h
rJ}uD;&J@rw S w f rf; usaemfq h aD &mufvmw,f? 'DtxJu a&G;xkwaf y;vdu k rf w
d mu
“cdik rf mwJh oEMÏd mefom&S&d if/ rd;k atmufajrjyifrmS rvkyEf ikd w f m bmrSr&Sb d ;l ”æ wJ?h
trJpuf wuGuf
'DtwGi;f 'kw, d tokwu f 0ifwukd af ewJh Striker awGxu J wa,muf azmuf
xGuo
f mG ;ygw,f? aq;vmppfwhJ q&m0efta&mufrmS “usaemf aq;tuk cHawmhr,f?
qufrwdu k af wmhb;l ”vd@k ajymvdu
k w
f ,f? xrf;pOfe@J csucf si;f o,fxw
k af epOf ole@J
56
&if;ES;D wJh wwd,tokwf Striker &Jabmf av;armifu “a[haumif æopPmazmuf/
rif;rsuEf mS r=unfch sib f ;l ” æ vd@k atmfvw $ v f ukd w f ,f?
æ [m &Su+f yD; rsuEf mS udk apmife@J z;kH um vdu k o f mG ;&ygawmhw,f?
jzpfpOfu jrefveG ;f +yD; wdww f wd q f w d qf w d jf zpfomG ;wmrd@k tjyifrmS &Sad ewJh &Jabmf
awG b,forl S rodvu kd /f xrf;pOfe@J Striker wa,muf o,fxw k vf mwm awG@v@kd
=unfhvdkufawmh apmifatmufuvGwfaewJh ajcaxmufudk jrifrd=uw,f? “=o æ
ajcr}uD;ud;k ”vd@k tmarÉdwo f H ðyvdu k =f uw,f?
&efou l tm;wufomG ;yg+yD/ &JabmfawG a'gyu G ek yf gw,f? ygwaD cgi;f aqmifawG
vnf; pdwyf u l ek =f uw,f? uset f zG@J tpnf;awGuvJ [efr[ S efygawmhrvm;/ oHo,
0ifuek =f uw,f? tultnDawG ydak y;vmygw,f? aq;vdyaf wG vSLygw,f? ðypkapmifh
a&Smufoal wG wd;k +yD;ay;vmygw,f? wdu k yf &JG uf yd=k umawmhr,fv@kd wGu˜f &=u+yDav/
usaemfpOf;pm;rdw,f? tzd;k }u;D awGe@J awG@pOfu wdu k yf tJG vm;tvmeJ@ ywfouf+y;D
rdrtd jrifwifcw hJ ,f? “wdu k yf u
JG awmh Edik af tmifwu kd &f if Edik rf mS yJ/ 'gayr,fh tenf;qH;k
3 a,muf/ trsm;qH;k 5 a,mufavmufusEikd w f ,f” vd@k ajymcJw h ,f? ckawmh tenf;qH;k
5 a,mufv@kd jyif&rvdk jzpfae+yD?
tmZmenf*% k ðf yaw;awGukd wOD;pDtvdu k f ra&;Edik af wmhyg? tvkyu f yd±k y_ v
f m
cJw
h ,f? txl;ojzifh ðypka&;bufrmS jzpfw,f? wD;0dik ;f u aemuf&aJ bmfawGtwGuf
&Jabmf ode;f =unf/ &Jabmf tH;k armfw@kd twGupf yfxm;wJh oDcsi;f ESpyf 'k x f rJ mS useu f sq;kH
&JabmfawG&@J eHrnfawGxnf+h yD; jyifw,fq±kd kH jyifum wD;r_wv f @H_ aqmfae&ygw,f?
usaemfw@kd [m tJ'n D rSm tmZmenfArd mefxJ vmxdik =f u+yD; tavmif;pOfay:u
pDwef;aewJh acgi;f 3 vH;k ud=k unfu h m idik af e=uw,f?
toHw;kd wd;k eJ@ olw@kd &@J *k%af us;Zl;awGukd azmfxw k af e=uw,f? rarhEikd pf &mawG
ygav æ
4? &Jabmf xGe;f jrifh ('kw, d tokw)f

rJ}uD;usomG ;wJth csed rf mS ol@&@J ajcawGvufawG at;ae+yD æ av/ 'g[m usawmh
r,fvh uQ%myJ/ q&m &m*se[ f m ol@ajc&if;rSmxdik +f y;D ajcaxmufuav;awGukd qkyef ,f
ay;aew,f/ tawG;tac:vkyif ef;vnf; wzufu vkyaf y;ae&Smw,f? “&JabmfxeG ;f jrifh
ajcaxmufawGawmif tawmfat;ae+yD/ aEG;oGm;atmif t0wfe@J ywf apmifðcHay;xm;
yg” vd@k apmifah &Smufaeol &JabmfwOD;udk cdik ;f vdu k w f ,f?
57
'gukd ol=um;awmh “q&m&,f æ usaemfh ajcawGvufawGat;aeayr,fh usaemfh
ESv;kH om;u armfpw D ek ;f tawG;tac:eJ@ aEG;axG;aeqJyg”ævd@k cyf,, hJ hJ ajymvdu
k yf gw,f?
ol[m rSww f rf;a&;roGm;ygb;l / 43 &ufajrmufwahJ e@ olusq;kH oGm;ygw,f?
tifwmae&Sief ,fq+kd yD;wmeJ@ rd;k awGonf;onf;/ avjyif;jyif;rSm bl;0udk xGucf =hJ u
w,f? ol@twGuf pGcJ suaf wGwif/ aºuG;a=umfoaH wGwikd t f +yD; taqmifawGbuf jyef
tvSn/hf vrf;w0ufvnf;a&mufa&m æ
tm;vH;k owd !
tifwmae&Sief ,f p˜qdk !
æ qdw k t hJ oH =um;vdu k wf meJ@ odvukd yf g+y/D &Jabmf pdecf si;f wa,mufvnf; usomG ;
ygyaum æ?
csucf si;f jyefvn S vhf ukd =f u+yD; &ifawG/ ESv;kH awG tufupJG mG eJ@ pGcJ suaf wGwif aºuG;
a=umfoaH wG wdik =f u&jyef+yD æ av?
&Jabmf xGe;f jrifu h pma&;0efxrf;/ uav; 2 a,mufzcif jzpfygw,f? at;at;
aq;aq; wnfwnf+idr+f idraf ewwfw,f? rsuEf mS &J@x;l jcm;csuu f tjrJðyH;aewm jzpf
w,f? taqmif 4 ujzpf+yD; nae naerSm taqmif 8 eJ@ 9 t=um;&Sd ESpw f ef;bm;
pifay:rSm tjrJawG@&wwfw,f? awG@=u&if a&$omG ;av;ay:atmif ðyH;jywwfwmu
vGvJ @kd pum;rsm;rsm;ajymavh r&S/d arsmuf±;_H wJh usaemfw@kd e@J twGrJ nDv/S olu vl}u;D qef
ygw,f?
5? &Jabmf pdecf si;f ('kw, d tokw)f

wduk yf aJG qmif 2 rSm &Jabmf xGe;f jrifeh @J ab;csi;f ,SOt f yd af eol/ q&m &m*seu f kd ol
ajymcJw h hJ pum;wcGe;f (ajcr}u;D opPmazmufomG ;wJt h csed u
f ) usaemfw@kd =um;xm;=u+y;D
jzpfw,f?
“usaemfuawmh tvkyo f rm;vlwef;pm;&J@ *k%o f u d mQ udk ndK‡ ;EGr;f atmif b,f
awmhrS rvkyb f ;l q&m” æ wJ?h
ol&@J wdu k yf 0JG if&uf 43 &ufajrmufwahJ e@rmS usq;kH oGm;&Smw,f? olu yckuLU buf
rSjzpf+yD; tvky=f urf;pHak tmif vkycf o hJ jl zpfygw,f? ol@b0 jzwfoef;r_awG b,favmuf
=urf;wrf;w,f/ awG@&wJh vl@tv$mtrsK;d rsK;d awG&@J p±du k af wGu b,fvkd qdw k mawG ajym
jywwfw,f? pufqyk &f &HG mS zG,/f ausmcsr;f zG,&f mawG r,H=k unfavmufp&mawG trsm;
tjym;yg?
58
tvky=f urf;orm;qdak yr,fh *DwtEkynmbufrmS wdr;f !Gwrf _ &Sw d ,f? wa,m
aumif;aumif; xd;k wwfw,f? wdu k yf w
JG iG ;f rSmyJ(xifw,f) olpyfomG ;wJh oDcsi;f av;
wyk'[
f m &JabmfawG&@J &ifukd tawmfav; pGcJ u kd af pcJw
h ,f?
vl=urf;}uD;&J@ &ifxu J xGuv
f mwJh 'DawmfveS af &; aw;uav;[m El;nHv h yS vGe;f
aeygw,f?
wdu
k yf w
JG iG ;f u ol@ajympum;av;udyk J tmZmenfArd mefrmS qGcJ swd x f m;vdu
k =f u&
ygw,f?
tqH;k tjzwftcef;
usaemfreS ;f xm;wJh 5 a,mufaphomG ;yg+yD/ uset f rsm;pkuvnf; ae@csi;f ncsi;f us
oGm;Edik =f uwJh tajctae æ?
bmvky=f urvJ/ acgi;f ylatmifpOf;pm;=uw,f? &Jabmf tH;k armfus+yD;uwnf;u
usaemfah cgi;f xJ pDru H ed ;f wck 0ifaewm &Scd w hJ ,f? nwn tmZmenfArd mefrmS tdy&f m
r0ifao;wJh &Jabmfwpkxikd af e=upOf wifjyvdu k w
f ,f? 'D&aJ bmfawGu,fz@kd enf;wenf;
pOf;pm;rdw,f? “olw@kd ukd trDvu kd zf @kd y/J tzd;k }uD;awGe@J ruse;f rmolawG cse+f yD; usew f hJ
vlawG a&ygjzwf wdu k yf 0JG if&r,f”
tm;vH;k +ird o
f mG ;=uw,f? rjzpfEikd b f ;l xifo&l ,f? pOf;pm;wGucf suaf eol&,f? olw@kd
u trsm;pk æ wOD; ESpOf ;D u ypfaxmufcw H ,f?
aemufae@ zd;k oHukd aqG;aEG;awmh “pOf;pOf;pm;pm;vnf; vkyyf g AN &m/ Striker
awGukd b,foðl ypkrvJ” wJ?h
“wjcm;tzG@J tpnf;awGukd tultnDawmif;rSmayg”h vd@k ajymayr,fh olu vufcH
yHkrjy?
udak tmifabmf/ ud! k eG @f acgi/f udak Zmfw@kd uawmh “csvu kd af v =umovm;” oabm
xm;ay;olawGyg?
5 a,mufaphomG ;wJ&h ufrmS tzd;k }uD; 2 a,mufqo D mG ;+yD; wifjyrdjyefw,f? wkukd yf GJ
&J@ wufrukid jf zpfwhJ &Jabmf Akv d t f ek ;f armifu æ
“rjzpfb;l xifw,f? tJ'v D kd 0ifvu kd rf S &efou l ‘'DaumifawG olw@kd val wGaorSm
odypf ;kd ae=u+yD? av#mah ps;eJ@wu kd yf vJG eS Ef ikd w
f ,f’vd@k wGuo f mG ;Edik w
f ,f? ydt
k ustqH;k
rsm;oGm;vdrrhf ,f” vd@k wk@H jyefw,f?
(ck jyefpOf;vduk af wmh wu,fu h kd tEœ&m,f}uD;ygvm;)
59
'Dvekd @J &Snv f sm;vSwhJ ae@wm nwmawGukd cJc, J Of;,Of; jzwfoef;ae=u&jyefw,f?
wae@+yD; wae@ æ wn+yD; wn æ
tm%mydik af wGuvnf; wdu k yf v
JG eS Ef ;kd Ed;k eJ@ apmif=h unfah eygw,f? wu,fu olw@kd
vnf; acsmufcsm;ae=uyg+yD? 'gukd tjyifbufpcef;rSmaewJh rvny &Jabmfwa,muf
ypfoiG ;f vdu k w f hJ pmt&od&w,f?
aemifrmS pum;ajymcGi&hf wJh 0g'gawG ajymwmrSmvnf; 'Dtcsux f if&mS ;w,f?
“cifAsm;wd@k awmh rodb;l / u|eaf wmfw@kd awmh ±l;ukerf vm; xifrw d ,f? tdyrf &
pm;r&ygy/J tifwmae&Sief ,f oDcsi;f oH=um;+yq D &kd if qufem;raxmif&aJ wmhb;l / em;awG
ydwx f m;&w,f”æ wJ?h
yxr tokwf wdu k yf 0JG if&uf 53 &ufajrmufwahJ e@rmS axmiftm%mydik w f csK@d
wduk yf aJG qmifxJ a&mufvmw,f?
“oydwrf vSeaf o;bl;vm;”æ vd@k ar;ygw,f? ygwaD umfrwD0if acgi;f aqmifwOD;
jzpfwhJ &Jabmf azatmif (ocif cifatmifw)l u “usaemfw@kd awmif;qdw k mudk ay;av
ray;&ifrvSeb f ;l yJ” vd@k ajzygw,f?
“ck 5 a,muf&o dS mG ;+yD/ xyfaoukeyf gO;D r,fAsm”vd@k ajcmufjyefygw,f?
udak zatmifu cef;qD;awG/ jcifaxmifawGukd vSyv f u
kd +f yD; “a[m'DrmS =unfo h mG ;
æ aemufxyf taocHz@kd wef;pDaewJh &JabmfawG²²²”
'DawmhrS tm%mydik af wGtaeeJ@ “'DaumifawG wa,mufrusef taocHawmhrmS yg
vm;” vd@k pOf;pm;rdomG ;=u[ef wlw,f? Striker awG&@J rsuEf mS awGukd olw@kd &J&aJ wmif
r=unh&f /J v$x J m;=uw,f?
“uJ æ oydwv f eS v
f u kd =f uygawmh ud, k x f u l , kd x f zsuo f rd ;f ay;ygr,f”vd@k av#mcs
vdu k yf gw,f?
“'Dvq kd &kd if pm&Gupf mwrf;eJ@ vufrw S x f ;kd ay; æ”vd@k usaemfw@kd bufu tcdik t f rm
&atmif awmif;qd=k ujyefw,f?
“[m æ 'guawmh æ usaemfw@kd vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf &Sb d ;l / eufzef aeADpcef;buf usaemfw@kd
oGm;,lay;r,f? cifAsm;wd@k u oydwv f eS Ef iS ahf ygh æ”vd@k ajym=ujyefw,f?
usaemfw@kd acgi;f aqmifawGuvnf; vufrw S x f ;kd ay;+yD;rS wdu k yf v
JG eS rf ,ft
h a=umif;
wnfwnf+idr+f idryf J tajzay;vdu k =f uw,f?
'Dvekd @J wrd;k csKyfomG ;cJjh yefw,f? 'DnrSm usaemfw@kd warS;rS tdyrf &/ &Snv f eG ;f wJh
nwm&,f ukeEf ikd cf yJ gbd æ woufrmS wcgñuH&wJn h æ puUe@f wikd ;f &yfqikd ;f &yfqikd ;f
60
jzpfaeovm; xif&avmufatmif aES;auG;vGe;f wJn h ?
Striker awGuawmh xl;jcm;r_ rjy/ rSe
d ;f jrJredS ;f ae=uv#uyf g?
53 &ufjynfw h ahJ e@
'kw, d tokwu f 46 &uf
wwd,tokwu f 39 &uf &Sw d ahJ e@ æ
rd;k &moDwiG ;f qdak wmh um;vrf;ua&ausm+f y;D um;oGm;vd@k r&/ eHuaf pmapm axmif
rSL;}uD;&,f/ axmifrLS ;wa,mufe@J 0g'g 2 a,muf um;vrf;twdik ;f aeADpcef;buf
xGuo f mG ;=ua=umif; uif;u owif;yd@k ygw,f?
nwm&Sncf o hJ vdk ae@wmvnf; &Snv f mjyefyg+yD/ Zlvikd f 30 &ufneJ@ Zlvikd f 31
&ufae@wm[m t&Snq f ;kH vd@k usaemfw@kd rSw,f x
l m;vdu k =f uygw,f?
pdwaf wGapmae&wJah e@ æ pdwaf wGavmae&wJah e@?
&efou l wrifrsm; vkyaf e=ua&mhovm;?
6? &Jabmf armifarmifp;kd (udv k wf) yxr tokw0f if

olu ausmufqnfom;/ Adv k o f ed ;f wef&@J wjl zpfw,f? 'Dtcsed u f touf 24 ESpyf J
&Sad o;w,f? rsuv f ;kH jyL;jyL;/ qHyifww kd kd axmifaxmif/ E_wcf rf;ar$;a&;a&;/ tjypfuif;
pifwhJ rsuEf mS av;udk pOf;pm;rdwikd ;f jywfjywfxifxif jrifrw d ,f?
olu &Jabmfwikd ;f eJ@ wnfw h o hJ l æ toufu i,fi,f/ [efaqmifr_ r&S/d ±d;k uvnf;
±d;k om;/ tqif;&Jtyifyef;cHwhJ vky[ f efuvnf;&Sad vawmh ol@ukd rcspo f /l rciforl &Sd æ?
ol q,fwef;atmifawmh &efuek w f uf tvky˜f vky/f wzufrmS vkyo f m;aumvdyf
qufwufw,f? &efuek rf mS aeayr,fh taysmt f yg; r&S/d tm;csed rf mS tjyifpmudk oJorJ rJ J
zwfaewwfw,f? Edik if aH &;buf pdw0f ifpm;vm&mu i,fi,f&, G &f ,G f axmifxaJ &muf
vmolyg?
tm;upm;vnf; em;rvnf tcsed rf ay;Edik cf hJ ²²²? u|e;f rSmajymprSwðf yavmufwhJ
tjzpfwcku wcgrmS abmfv;kH upm;=uawmh vlrjynhv f @kd ol@ukd 0ifupm;cdik ;f w,f?
wzuftoif;u *d;k ±SL;r,ftvkyf olu pd;k &dro f mG ;+yD; abmfv;kH udk ajy;aumuf,v l u
kd f
w,f? “bmvkyw f mvJ/ yife,fvw f D æ yife,fvw f ”D vd@k 0dik ;f atmf=uawmh “usaemfu
buf (Back) av æ udik w f mayg”h vd@k jyefajymol æ?
olu tEkynmbufrmS awmh tpGr;f tpjyEdik w f ,f? 0goemvnf;yg/ tm±Hv k nf;
61
pdu
k af vh&w dS ,f? oDcsi;f awG pyfcw hJ ,f? (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr t+idrphf ifrmS qdck u hJ cJ=h uwJh
“[dk a&S@qD ±d;k rpGe;f qD ae0ef;eD ay:vm+y”D qdw k t hJ +ird o hf cD si;f eJ@“tEkynm ordik ;f a=umif;”
æ qdw k o hJ cD si;f av;[m olpyfcw hJ myg? usaemfo,fvmwJh 'DocD si;f 2yk'u f kd jynfo@l
toHuv$ichf w hJ ,fqw kd m olo&d if b,favmuf yDwd jzpfr,f rod?)
pmay0goemygawmh (Aef;armf)OD;wifatmifw@kd / OD;jroef;(wif)h wd@k em;rSm awG@ae&
wwfw,f? aewmu OD;wifatmifw@kd taqmif 4 rSm? yxr tokwu f 0ifciG &hf cJo h l
qdak wmh taqmif 9 udk ajymif;vmw,f/ a&mufvmwmeJ@ ol@ tdy&f majc&if; cg;yef;rSm
ajrjzLeJ@ pmwa=umif; aumufa&;vdu k w f ,f?
‘igh b0rSm wdu k yf rJG sm;eJ@ jynfv h #r;f aeygap æ’wJ?h
'Dvkd urŠn;f xd;k +yD; wdu k yf 0JG ifco hJ yl g/ 'Dpmwef;[m jynfo@l toHuv$iw hf hJ rmhupf &f @J
twˆKy`wx dW u
J pmom;jzpf+yD; oloyd óf uduw f hJ wdu k yf aJG c:oH jzpfygw,f?
wduk yf &JG uftwGi;f rSm ‘ud, k x f u l , kd xf ±du k cf sK;d =u’qdw k hJ oDcsi;f udk pyfqakd y;cJw h ,f?
'D oDcsi;f [m (Ade;f aAmif;oHe@J ) tm;rmefygvw S mrd@k wdu k yf w JG iG ;f rSm *Dw0dik ;f u r=umc%
wD;r_wfazsmfajzay;cJh&w,f?
&Jabmf xGe;f jrifw h @kd usomG ;awmh rusq;kH cifrmS ajczsm;vufzsm;awG at;pufae
wwfw,fqw kd m ol odomG ;ygw,f? 'Dtcg olu “usaemfh ajcawGvufawG at;vm&if
u|eaf wmfu h kd owday;yg”vd@k ðypko&l aJ bmfukd rSmxm;w,f? olu, kd w
f ikd v
f nf; owdxm;
ae[ef &Syd gw,f? bma=umifv h J æ vd@k &JabmfawG pOf;pm;r& ya[Vd jzpfc=hJ u&w,f?
Zlvikd f 31 &ufae@/ wdu k yf 0JG if&uf 53 &ufjynhcf +hJ yD/ &moDOwku =unf=unfvifvif
æ?
eHuyf ikd ;f rSmygy?J usaemfu wdu k yf aJG qmif 2 bufa&mufaepOf &Jabmfwa,muf
okwo f ;D okwjf ym 0ifvmw,f?“udv k wf æ udv k wf”vd@k ajymwmeJ@ wdu k yf aJG qmif 1
bufajy;0ifvu kd af wmh udv k wf wa,muf&,f æ av/ rsuEf mS wcsuw f if;vdu k w f m
awG@&w,f? nmbufvufu wjznf;jznf;a&G@vmum tav;eDðyxm;vdu k &f if; rsuEf mS
[m ajyav#mu h somG ;ygw,f?
atmf æ udv k wf&,f/ wu,fu h kd uAsmwyk'yf gvm;/
usaemfw@kd rmS idzk @kd rsu&f nfawG ruseaf wmhb;l æ vd@k xifcw hJ ,f? 'gayr,fh 'Dtxif
rSm;ygw,f?
xH;k pHtwdik ;f pGcJ suaf wGwif/ aºuG;a=umfoaH wGwikd +f yD;jyeftvm vrf;rSmwif OD;jr
oef;(wif)h u “udv k wf[m usaemfh toJEv S ;kH ygAsm”vd@k wkew f ek &f nf&nfajym&if; rsuf
62
&nfusaewm awG@vu kd &f w,f?
rvny &Jabmf &cdik t f rsK;d om; ud&k efa&$u “usomG ;wJh cifAsm;wd@k &aJ bmftm;vH;k udk
tmZmenfo&l aJ umif;awGtjzpf usaemftav;ðyygw,f? 'gayr,fh udv k wfusawmh
arhr&atmifukd vkyo f mG ;wwfw,f? uswmawmif tav;eDðyoGm;&Smw,f” æ wJ?h
(ol[m 'D cHpm;csuaf wGe@J axmifuvGwaf wmh &cdik jf ynfjyef+yD; jynfe,f uGejf rLepf
ygweD @J qufo, G f awmcdck &hJ mu usq;kH oGm;cJw h ,f? ole@J twl u|e;f jyef rvny &Jabmf
&cdik t
f rsK;d om; udo k ed ;f jrvnf; wjcm;wdu k yf w JG yGrJ mS usq;kH oGm;&Smw,f)
udvk wfuawmh wdu k yf t JG wGi;f rSm rSww f rf;trsm;qH;k a&;oGm;olyg? pmtkyyf g;yg;
wtkypf mavmuf &Syd gr,f? pm[efawGu &mbifj'mewfw*d;k &J@a&;[efawG xHrk r$ ;f ae
wm awG@&w,f? qdyk gawmh æ “eD&w J hJ igh ESv;kH om;udk vufz0g;rSmwif+yD;oumv
nifomaom ajcvSr;f rsm;jzifh rdcifygwx D H csO;f uyfum ylaZmfygt”hH æ ponf?
ol[m &uf 40 wdu k yf t JG +yD; tdru f kd pma&;cGi&hf awmh rdbawGqD pma&;ygw,f?
rdbawGu odyjf ynfph =kH uyHk r&bl;? 'D=um;u rdbarwWmeJ@ “igo h m; bmvdo k vJ? bmyd@k
ay;&rvJ”vd@k a&;&Sm ar;&Smygw,f? 'Dawmh olu “usaemf bmrS rvd/k vdw k m&S&d ifvnf;
olw@kd zrf;xm;wmyJ/ olw@kd yJ ajz&Si;f ay;&r,f? ray;&if wdu k yf q JG if+yD; awmif;&rSmaygh
æ”vd@k pmjyefvu kd wf ,f?
ol@trd uf yd@k vukd w f hJ ypPn;f wcsK@d ehJ a&;vdu k w f phJ mwapmif wdu k yf u JG mvrSm a&muf
vmygw,f? 'gayr,fh wdu k yf u JG mvtwGi;f rSm a&mufvmwJh pmrSeo f r#e@J ypPn;f awGukd
ygwu D vufrcHygb;l ? wdu k yf +JG yD;rS vuQ, H vl u kd af wmh æ
ol@taru 'Dvakd &;xm;wm awG@&w,f? “om;}u;D udpk ;kd b,fvjkd zpfomG ;wmwke;f /
om;[m tifrwef El;nHo h rd af rG@wu hJ av;yg? ckawmh ody+f yD; =urf;wrf;cufxa&mfaeyg
vm; om;&,f æ om;}uD;&J@pw d af wG jyef+yD;El;nHo h rd af rG@vmatmif nnrSm ykw;D pdyyf g/
ykw;D eJ@twl om;ylaZmf&cdS ;kd zd@k q&mawmf (a0bl)bk&m;&J@yakH wmfvnf; xnfah y;vdu k f
w,f”vd@k a&;ygw,f? 'Dord af rG@E;l nHw h hJ ausmif;om;av;udk ql;awmif}u;D awGayguv f m
atmif ppftpd;k &u vkyaf y;vdu k wf myg æ vd@k tarhukd ajymcsiv f u kd w f m?
'DpmeJ@ 'DypPn;f av;awGtjyif udv k wf axmifrusr±D u kd xf m;wJh "mwfyakH v;wyHk
vnf; ygvmw,f? prwfusus bavZm0wf/ vnfpnf;pD;/ qHyif&n S &f n S f rsuv f ;kH rsuf
zefaumif;aumif;eJ@ udk,fwydkif;"mwfyHkav;=unfh+yD; usaemfwdk@taqmifrS touf
ti,fq;kH armifvaS X;u “[m æ udv k wfu vlacsmyJ”vd@k v$wcf eJ ajymxGuv f myg
w,f?
63
ol@emrnf&if;u armifarmifp;kd ? &JabmfawGu‘udv k wf’vd@k yaJ c:wJuh pd P wcgar;
=unfzh ;l w,f? “rodb;l As/ oli,fcsi;f awGuac:/ &JabmfawGu qufac:eJ@ wGio f mG ;
wmyJ æ”vd@k ajzw,f?
udv k wf ac: &Jabmfarmifarmifp;kd twGuf olóuduv f w
S hJ “igb h 0rSm wdu k yf rJG sm;eJ@
jynfv
h #r;f aeygap æ” qdw k hJ qENðyaºuG;a=umfoaH v;yJ a&G;vdu k &f ygw,f?
7? &Jabmf av;armif (wwd,okw)f

ol tajccH use;f rma&; raumif;wma&;cJ+h yD/ 'gayr,fh tvky=f urf;tvkyjf zpfwhJ
xif;tqdik ;f rSm olvu kd w f ,f? wcgw&H zd}k u;D rSm wm0ef,yl gw,f? [if;uawmh aumif;
aumif;rGerf eG f rcsuw f wf/ 'ga=umifh xrif;zdb k ufrmS avSavSmw f uf (a,mif;r)wacsmif;
eJ@ xrif;td;k ar$aewm awG@&ygw,f? tnmtac: rd;k jAJ',ft;kd }uD; 2 vH;k udk vl 2
a,muf wvSnphf D ac|;wvH;k vH;k eJ@ tm;pdu k cf eG pf u
kd f csu&f wmyg? use;f rma&;twGu&f ,f/
tydu k pd v
P @kd ,lqvmwm&,fa=umifh oltvGeóf uduw f hJ aq;vdyu f kd jzwfygw,f?
olu uAsmq&m wifr;kd / =unfatmif/ armifprG ;f &nfw@kd e@J wacwfwnf;orm;
(56§57 ckEpS )f pmtvGezf wfol æ ol@qrD mS t*Fvyd pf mtkyaf wGuvnf; wyH}k uD; æ
tjrJwrf; aq;vdyw f wd/k pmwtkyef @J awG@&avh&w dS ,f?
uAsma&;awmh (ref;)wuUov kd pf mapmifawGe@J txl;ojzifh ‘±_r0’rSmjzpfw,f?
wcgw&H tzGifhuAsmtjzpfygwwfw,f? ol@&J@uAsmawG pkpnf;+yD; ‘aEG;OD;acsmif;eJ@
yef;avmif;avS’trnfe@J pmtkyx f w k zf @kd 63 ckEpS rf mS 0dik ;f +yD;vH;k yrf;cJ=h uzl;w,f? pmpD+yD;
±du
k af eqJwef;vef; yHEk ydS pf uf rD;avmifwt hJ xJ ygomG ;cJv h @kd rxkwjf zpfvu kd yf g?
wcgrmS ‘tnmajr acwfuAsmrsm;’ pkaygi;f pmtkyf rE aW v;rSm xkwjf zpfc=hJ uw,f?
'DtxJrmS ygwhJ ol&@J uAsm 2 yk'u f kd q&m &efatmifu r*~Zif;wapmifrmS pm&Sn&f n S f
a&;+yD; cs;D rGr;f cJzh ;l w,f? axmifxeJ @J u|e;f rSmvnf; awmufav#muf uAsmawGpyfcw hJ ,f?
'gayr,fh wdu k yf 0JG ifaewke;f umvrSmawmh rSww f rf;vnf; ra&;/uAsmvnf; rpyfcyhJ g?
'guvnf; ol@t,ltqeJ@oyl g? vkypf &m r&Sad wmh aq;vdyjf yefaomufygw,f? Striker
awGaq;vdyjf ywfomG ;awmh wjcm;tzG@J tpnf;awGu vSLygw,f? aemufq;kH rSm yGwcf |e;f
yJ aomuf=u&ygw,f?
tm;vyfwJhtcsdefawGrSm ol@tem;oGm;+yD; pum;ajymrdygw,f/ ol@xHk;pHtwdkif;
cyfat;at;ygy?J (rJ}uD;ust+yD;) tjyifu &JabmfabmfawG a&jzwf+yD; 0ifoif/h r0ifoifh
ol@uakd qG;aEG;=unfv h u kd af wmh enf;enf;v_yv f y_ &f mS ;&Sm; jzpfomG ;ygw,f? aemufrS “ygwD
64
aumfrwDe@J armif&ifw@kd tjyifuvlawGu tajctae ydo k yd gw,f? oifrh ,fxifovdk
vky=f uyg” æ 'gyJ ajymw,f?
ol@taeeJ@ pmzwfwt hJ cgzwf/ ab;em;u &JabmfawGe@J pum;ajymwJt h cgajym&if;
wdu k yf u
JG mvudk jzwfoef;aeygw,f?
wòr@w d nf;om;vnf; jzpf/ ole@J a&&Snw f av#mufv;kH vnf;aevmoljzpfv@kd ol@
ta=umif;eJ@ ol@p±du k uf kd tawmftwef odygw,f? apmapmydik ;f pmayorm;oufouf
b0wke;f u t&ufóuduo f ?l rrl;v#if vlat; rl;v#i‘f *s’D us+yD; xde;f &cufo/l cifonf
qdok rl sm;yif ta0;ua&Smif=u&ol?
aemufyikd ;f (62§63) Edik if aH &;buf pdw! f wG v
f mcsed u f p+yD; rl;wmenf;oGm;w,f?
usaemfe@J twlaepOfrmS awmh taygi;f toif;awG qGaJ c:oGm;vd@k / w}udrf ESp}f udrf rl;jyef
vmwm awG@z;l w,f? r&rf;awmhyg? w[D;[D;yJ &,faeygawmhw,f?
wacwfu olw@kd pw kH t JG a=umif; rE aW v;wuUov kd rf mS ajymprSwaf v;awG tawmf
twef&SdcJhw,f? tcspfonf;=uwJhta=umif;/ usD;uef; bJOcsDvm+yD tajymcH&wJh
ta=umif; æ ponf?
63 ckEpS uf jzpfygw,f? ausmif;om;or*~vyk if ef;awG vky&f if; aAm"duek ;f ‘oajy’
&dyo f mrSm twlaepOfu =unfatmifw@kd vpl k a&$ref;aqmifujyefvm+yD; “cifAsm;udk
rSmvdu k w f ,f? apmifah eusae&mu apmifyh gw”hJ
“[kwrf v S nf; vkyyf g/ ud&k ifw@kd acsmufcswmrsm;+yD/ r,Hb k ;l ”
“oabmyJav/ wm0eft& ajymwm”
ol em&D0ufcef@ csw D ckH swkH jzpfaeygw,f? olrae&Jawmhyg? wdu k yf akH v;ycH;k ay:ypf
wif+y;D xGuo f mG ;ygw,f? tdraf &S@qikd rf mS xdik af ewJh jrif;jcoH m;ESpaf ,muf xvdu k o f mG ;yg
w,f? olw@kd jyefvmawmh a=unmcsuw f ck xkwjf yefvu kd =f uw,f?
“a&$ref;aqmifa&S@ wrmyif&dyfrSm r[l&mausmufwdkif}uD; wwdkifpdkufxl+yD;pD;
a=umif; æ” wJ?h
vlat;jzpfayr,fh vl&if;csi;f qd&k if taygi;f toif;awGukd p˜wwf aemuf˜wwf
ovdk olrsm;u p˜&ifvnf; vH;k 0 pdwq f ;kd wwforl [kw/f w[J æ [J æ eJ@ ygy?J 'gu
ol@ aemufa=umif;?
&Jabmf xGe;f jrif/h &Jabmf pdecf si;f wd@k ta=umif;/ ud, k af &;&mZ0if/ Edik if aH &; jzwfoef;
r_ æ ponfawGzwfjy+yD;awmh ol@tem; wacgujf yefw,f? &Jabmf xGe;f jrifu h ole@J
waqmifwnf;om;rd@k ae@pOfaexdik rf _ b0ta=umif; olu ydo k yd gw,f? usaemfzwfjywJh
65
txJ rygwmav;awG olu jznfph u G af jymjyaeygw,f? tcsKyfuawmh æ
“olu vlat;yJ/ olu pum; pajymcJw,f? wjcm;vlu vmajym&ifawmh av;
av;pm;pm; em;axmifw,f? wufwufºuGºuG jyefaqG;aEG;wwfw,f? ol@rdom;pk
twGupf w d rf aumif;p&myJ æ”wJ?h
ajymaewmu jywfawmif;jywfawmif; æ ol@rmS cGet f m;odyrf useaf wmhyg/ 'gukd
±ky&f nfe@J toHu azmfjyaeygw,f? yGwcf |e;f av;udk wcsuw f csuf ±SLae&wmvnf;
yg˜ygr,f? rEœav;rSm twlaepOfuvdk tm;&yg;& tcd;k awG ±du _ o f iG ;f aewmrsKd ; r[kw/f
¶SLw,fq±kd rkH #om æ
w}udrrf mS awmh yGwcf |e;f wdak v; yg;pyfutðzwf &ifbwfay: ðywfusomG ;ygw,f?
‘tm;’ceJatmfayr,fh ol@vy_ &f mS ;r_u aES;aeay+yD? cgrxkwEf ikd af wmhyg? a=umif=unfh
ae&mu usaemfyJ vufe@J awmufxw k vf ukd &f ygw,f? 'Dtjzpfa=umifh usaemf rsu&f nf
0dik ;f rdw,f?
udv k wfu ol@ukd tifrwef cspw f ,f? tud}k uD;wa,mufvkd wG,w f mw,f? ol
r&Si;f wJh oabmw&m;udp/P pmaya&;&mawGukd pdw&f n S v f uf&n S f &Si;f jywwforl @kd av;
vnf;av;pm;w,f?
oluvnf; vli,fjzpfwhJ udv k wfukd oHa,mZOf}uD;w,f? udv k wfusomG ;wmrSm
oltawmf pdwx f cd u
kd yf akH y:w,f?
wduk yf 0JG if &Jabmftm;vH;k udk “'Dae@ wdu k yf +JG yD;r,f? vufrw S of mG ;,lae+yD”vd@k ajym
xm;+y;D om;jzpfw,f? 'gayr,fh 'gukd olrapmifEh ikd af wmhyg? ae@vnfcif;rSm ol usq;kH oGm;
ygw,f?
ol@uAsmpmtkyf (yk'af & 3-40 cef@)u usaemfh vufxrJ mS yg? 'DtxJu “&efo@l
ESv;kH tdrw f iG ;f / pdu
k of iG ;f xm;wJh "m;ajr‡mife”D pma=umif;av; a&G;xkwv f u kd rf w
d ,f?
aemifrmS &Jabmf &efa&$uyJ ajymygw,f? ole@J udo k ed ;f jr cGrJ xGucf ifu rvny
aqmif (tcef;-5) rSmae&awmh udak v;armifw@kd e@J tcef;csi;f uyf jzpfygw,f? yd&k if;ES;D
ydo
k w d mvnf; ygEikd yf gw,f?
“wcsK@d val wGu ajymwJah e&mrSm aumif;=uw,f? wcsK@d =uawmh tvkyv f yk w
f ahJ e
&mrSmrS aumif;wwf=uw,f? udak v;armifw@kd udv k wfw@kd uawmh ajymwJt h wdik ;f vkyf
wwf=uvd@k usaemf av;pm;w,f æ” wJ?h
66
8? &Jabmf xGe;f 0if; ('kw, d okw)f
ykord ef ,f/ iykawmom; jzpfw,f? &efo@l wyfx0J if ,l*sv D yk &f mu tzrf;cH&ol/
pG,pf kH xl;c|eo f wl a,mufyg? tm;upm;orm; (tajy;/ abmvH;k )/ vufry_ nmonf/
(u|e;f ygwD *Dw0dik ;f twGuf wa,m/ r,f'v kd if/ 'Hrk if; ²²² pwmawG[m t"du olvyk f
wmyg?) wD;0dik ;f twGi;f rSm wl&, d mwckck wD;r,fo h v l akd e&if 0ifw;D cwfay;wwfol æ
'gwifvm;/ r[kwaf o;? aq;xd;k &mrSm q&m0ef/ aq;ausmif;om;awGxuf ydik Ef ikd u f |r;f
usio f v l nf;jzpfw,f? v#K@d 0u S af xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J æ 2 (usaemfw@kd &@J )tzG@J rLS ; jzpfw,f?
=uchH ikd of efrmoGuv f ufojl zpf+y;D awmwd;k &mrSm u|r;f usiv f w
S ,f? &cdik u f siu f ikd yf JG (ol@t
wef;wGi)f rJ}u;D ukEd idk +f y;D wHceG pf u kd cf o
hJ v l nf; jzpfw,f? tqif;&J tyifyef;cHEikd w f bhJ ufrmS
ole@J rJ}uD;u bufnw D ,f? pum;odyrf ajymvS?
usaemfajymcJw h t hJ wdik ;f yJ yHrk eS t f m;jzifq h &kd if tm;upm;orm;/ tvky=f urf;orm;
awG[m tpmiwfcH wdu k yf aJG wGrmS tusjrefw,f? rJ}uD;/ udpk ed cf si;f / udx k eG ;f 0if; wd@k [m
uspv f pf=uHch ikd o f al wG jzpfw,f? olw@kd wawG use;f rma&; usqif;oGm;yHu k odyo f o d m/
odyjf refqefveG ;f w,f?
wdu k yf +JG yD;r,ft h 'J aD e@rmS yJ axmiftm%mydik af wGukd apmif&h if; æ udv k wf/ udak v;
armifw@kd usomG ;cJyh g+yD? tcsed u f vnf; wa&G@a&G@e@J naeapmif;cJ+h yD/ 5 em&DavmufusrS
pm&Guu f av;w&Guu f ikd +f yD; olw@kd a&mufvm=uygw,f? 'Dtcsed rf mS yJ “tm;vH;k æ
owd”qdw k hJ toHxu G v f mcJw h myg? yGyJ w d t
f aeeJ@ tifwmae&Sief ,focD si;f udk &ifyiG hf
rwwf [pfaºuG;vdu k =f uygw,f?
oDcsi;f oHp+J yD; “oufom”qdw k hJ trde@f ay;oHra&mufcif 9 aqmifab;rSm owd
taetxm;&yfaewJh &JabmfawG=um;xJu wa,muf[m ,dr;f ,dik o f mG ;vd@k ab;em;&Sd
&Jabmfwa,mufu qGx J ed ;f xm;vdu k wf m awG@&w,f?
oluawmh &Jabmf xGe;f 0if;eJ@ wyfxrJ mS twlae/ twl ,l*sv D yk cf whJ hJ E_wcf rf;ar$;
um;um;eJ@ udak wZyg?
“oufom”qdw k t hJ oHvnf;ay:vma&m usaemfw@kd wawG axmifrLS ;}uD;eJ@tzG@J ukd
0dik ;f vdu k =f uw,f? olw@kd ukd twif;txdik cf ikd ;f vdu k +f y;D vufnK‡d ;aiguaf igux f ;kd um pGcJ suf
awG wif=uw,f?
&Jabmf xGe;f 0if;udk owfwm æ (ppftpd;k &/ ppftpd;k &)
&Jabmf 8 a,mufukd owfwm æ (ppftpd;k &/ ppftpd;k &)
zdEydS cf sKyfjc,fr_ æ (tvdrk &S/d tvdrk &S)d
67
ud,
k x f u l ,kd x f æ (zsuo f rd ;f ypf/ zsuo
f rd ;f ypf)
ol@&@J wukd yf 0GJ ifrw
S w
f rf;xJua&G;xkw+f yD; ausmufwikd af y:rSm urŠn;f wifvu
kd =f u
wmu ‘igw@kd ueG jf rLepfawG[m ud, k uhf ,kd uf , kd f avxD;ppfom;vdk oabmxm;&r,f?
ygwu
D ay;wJw h m0efukd us&mae&m a&muf&mt&yfrmS xrf;aqmifEikd &f r,f’æ wJ?h
jynfo@l ol&aJ umif;rsm;

u|e;f ygwu D Zlvikd v f 31 &ufukd ‘jynfo@l ol&aJ umif;rsm;ae@’vd@k owfrw S v f u kd yf g
w,f? tmZmenfawG&@J tokbtcrf;tem;udk ygwaD e@ (=o*kwv f 15 &uf)rSm usi;f y
r,fv@kd a=unmcJw h ,f?
'D&ufawGtwGi;f (tmZmenf 2 a,muftwGuf oDcsi;f 2yk'f pyfxm;+yD;+yDr@kd )
usef tmZmenf 6a,muftwGuf oDcsi;f pyfz@kd tzG@J 3 zG@J (5a,mufp)D zG@J vu kd yf gw,f?
wzG@J ukd 2 a,mufEe_ ;f owfrw S af y;ygw,f? usaemfu &Jabmfjratmif OD;aqmifwhJ
tzG@J rmS yg0ifciG &hf cJwh ,f? pyf&rSmu &Jabmf pdecf si;f eJ@ &Jabmf armifarmifp;kd twGuf ²²²
&Jabmf jratmifu oDcsi;f pyf&mrSm u|r;f usi+f yD;om;rd@k usaemfw@kd u ygapcsiw f hJ
tcsut f vuf/ ta=umif;t&myJ a&G;ay;&ygw,f? =o*kwv f 10 &uf rwdik rf D wD;0dik ;f
tzG@J ukd tzG@J toD;oD;u oDcsi;f tyfEikd =f uw,f? ygwD *Dw0dik ;f uvnf; &Jabmf 8 a,muf
pvH;k twGuf &nf!e$ ;f wJh oDcsi;f wyk'f pyfygw,f?
ygwaD e@ra&mufrt D wGi;f tm%mydik af wGqu D bdvyfajrawG awmif;+yD; tmZm
enfausmufwikd w f ck ‘xl’vdu k =f uygw,f? &Jabmftm;vH;k &J@ pdwu f ;l pdwo f ef;awG aygi;f
pyfumxlaqmufvu kd wf hJ tmZmenfausmufwikd [ f m tjrifh 8 ay&S+d yD; tay:rSm 8
vuRt&G,f =u,few D ck xGi;f xkwifpu kd v
f ukd vf @kd pkpak ygi;f 8 ayeJ@ 8 vuR jrifyh gw,f?
ausmufwikd [ f m 8 ajr‡mif/h 8 rsuEf mS yHo k ¾mef jzpfw,f? wrsuEf mS pD&@J atmufrmS
tkw*f al v;awG &Sw d ,f? 'Dtay:rSm usq;kH ol &Jabmftrnf/ touf/ ygw0D if/ wdu k yf 0JG if
&ufawG a&;xm;w,f? txufausmufwikd &f @J rsuEf mS jyifrmS awmh oufqikd &f m&Jabmf&@J
tqdt k rde@f wckukd urŠn;f xd;k vdu k =f uw,f?
ta&S@t&yfrmS &Jabmf ode;f =unf&@J tw k *f &l +dS yD; tpOftwdik ;f ywf0ikd ;f xm;wmyg?
ausmufwikd f vufpowfvu kd af wmh &JabmfawG&@J pdwu f ;l eJ@vuf&mudk uset f zG@J
tpnf;rsm;u vufzsm;cg=uw,f?
&Jabmf jratmif a&;qGx J m;wJh tmZmenf&aJ bmf 8 OD;&J@ yHw k l yef;csu
D m;}uD;awG
vnf; tqifoifh jzpfaeyg+yD?
68
tcrf;tem;ae@twGuf vdy&f mS / vdyOf pk/ ig;zrf; vkyw f o hJ al wGvnf; vdt k yfo
avmuf pkxm;vdu k =f uyg+yD?
a=omf æ olw@kd om&S=d u&ifqw kd hJ tawG;awGe@J æ v_y&f mS ;ae=u&wmyg?
=o*kwv f 15 &ufa&mufyg+yD?
tmZmenfArd mefuae+yD; acgi;f 8 vH;k udk &Jabmf 8 a,mufpD xrf;xkw=f uygw,f?
usaemfu &Jabmf av;armif&@J acgi;f udk xrf;cGi&hf w,f? ud&k efa&$vnf; ygw,f? udo k ed ;f jr
uawmh &Jabmfarmifarmifp;kd &J@ acgi;f udk xrf;wmawG@&w,f?
rkewf ikd ;f vnf; pJomG ;yg+yD? v_id ;f avuvnf; wvdrv hf rd hf wjzL;jzL; n‡i;f n‡i;f om
om&Syd gw,f? aumif;uifwjyifv;kH =unfvifaeygw,f?
pcef;0if;eJ@ rvSr;f rurf; ta&S@ajrmufaxmif/h tdek mqpfoabFm}uD;eJ@ rsuaf pmif;
xdk;/ yifv,furf;xdyfem;rSm tkef;oHk;yifu }wd*HyHk aygufaew,f? tv,frSmawmh
usi;f tus,}f uD;wusi;f wl;xm;+yD;yg+yD?
acgi;f awGrmS awmh 4 axmifah =u;jym;}uD; wcsypf x D nfx h m;cJ+h yD;jzpfw,f? a=u;jym;
wdik ;f rSm tmZmenfausmufwikd af y:eJ@ tkw*f al v;awGay:rSm armfueG ;f wifxm;wJt h wdik ;f
urŠn;f xd;k xm;ygw,f?
xrf;xkwo f ,f,v l mwJh acgi;f 8 vH;k aphwmeJ@ ygww D ;D 0dik ;f u tifwmae&Sief ,f
oDcsi;f udk wa,m 8 vuftygt0if wl&, d mpHek @J wD;r_w&f ifu h sL;ygw,f?
aemuf usq;kH oGm;wJh tpDtpOftwdik ;f &Jabmfwa,mufp&D @J acgi;f udk ol@twGuf
pyfqx kd m;wJh *k%ðf yaw;eJ@ ajrcsygw,f?
8 a,mufpvH;k udk aygi;f pk*% k ðf ywJh oDcsi;f wD;r_wo f q D +kd yD;rS ajrzd@k ygw,f? aemuf
yef;acGcs tcrf;tem; pygw,f?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D p+yD; vGr;f ol@yef;acGcs tav;ðyygw,f? OD;!$wt f av;ðy
vdu k =f u&wJh usaemfw@kd wawG&@J rsuv f ;kH tdrx
f rJ mS rsu&f nfawG 0dik ;f ae=uw,f? aemufrS
wzG@J +yD;wzG@J yef;acGcs tav;ðywmyg?
woD;yk*v ~ rsm;uvnf; ud, k pf D tav;ðy=ujyefw,f? rSwrf w S &f & tvHe(D a[mif;)
rEœav;om; ocif &efac|}uD;u wd@k ArmacwfypkH H "m;r}uD;xrf;um tav;ðycJyh gw,f?
bmyJjzpfjzpf tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;[m ArmjynfEikd if aH &;ordik ;f rSm jzwfoef;=u&if;
tjyeftvSef *dk%f;*eawG/ todtrSwf rðyEdkifr_awG/ yGwfwdkufr_awG &SdcJh=uw,f?
od@k aomfvnf; 'DwyGrJ mS awmh ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw&D @J acgi;f aqmifre_ @J 'D &Jabmf 8
a,muf&@J ud, k u f sK;d pGe@f tepfemcHra_ =umifh ud, k x f u
l ,kd xf pDru H ed ;f zsuaf y;&wm Edik if H
69
a&;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k jynfr jyefa&muf=u&wmudak wmh todtrSwðf y=uygw,f?
rsu&f nfrsm;eJ@ Ekwq f ufc=hJ ujcif;

usaemfw@kd wawG[m jynfr rjyef&rD rd;k r&GmwJh nrsm;rSm tke;f oH;k yift&yfuo kd mG ;+y;D
xdik rf wd wf=uw,f? rD;awGz+kd yD; pum;pk˜ajym=uw,f? awmfveS af &;oDcsi;f awG *k%ðf y
aw;awG qdck =hJ uw,f? olw@kd ukd vGr;f pdwef @J wrf;wcJ=h uw,f? wvjynfh txdr;f trSwf
tjzpf olw@kd u*kd % k ðf ywJh uAsmpmtkyw f tkyf xkwcf w
hJ ,f?
jynfr jyefy@kd &uf oabFmay:rwufcifrmS vnf; tokwv f u kd o f mG ;+yD; Ekwq f uf
tav;ðycJ=h uw,f?
rsu&f nfrsm;eJ@ æ ayg?h
ed*;kH
(1) 53 &ufwu kd yf JG ESpf 30 jynfh txdr;f trSwt f jzpf a&;jcpfygw,f? tcsed =f um
wmeJ@tr# trSwrf mS ;wm arhusew f mawG &Syd gvrd rhf ,f? 'ga=umifh ordik ;f rSww f rf;wifwhJ
buf tav;ruJbJ jyefajymif;owd&csuw f cktjzpfom oabmxm;apcsiyf gw,f?
wduk yf }JG uD;wckv;kH rSm atmufajcrS usaemfaygi;f pyfay;cJw h mu tpdwt f ydik ;f av;
wckom jzpfygw,f? t"du aomhcsuaf e&mrSmyg0ifcw hJ hJ usaemfw@kd acgi;f aqmifawG/
au'gawG ESpf 30 twGi;f rSm uG,v f eG u f ek =f uyg+y?D wcsK@d u jyeftzrf;cH&+y;D axmifxrJ mS yJ
usq;kH ukecf =hJ uw,f? olw@kd a&;roGm;Edik =f uyg?
(2) 53 &uf wdu k yf t
JG wGi;f usq;kH oGm;cJo h al wGa&m aemufyikd ;f ppftm%m&Sif
pepfqef@usi&f if; usq;kH oGm;=uwJh u|e;f &JabmfawGxrJ mS yg/ u|e;f umv t,ltq 3
rsKd ;udk oD;jcm;pD ud, k pf m;ðycJo h al wGcsn;f yg? 'DrmS awG@&wmu vrf;pOf t,ltq b,f
avmufyJ uGu J /JG t&if;cH rlEpS cf suu f kd vufrv$wo f r# ud, k pf uD ,kd u
f sK;d pGe@f Eikd w
f ,f?
awmfveS af &;udk tvkyt f au|;ðyEdik w f ,f æ qdw k mygy/J 'DEpS cf suu f awmh (1) ygwu D kd
,H=k unf&r,f? (2) jynfou l kd ,H=k unf&r,f æ qdw k hJ awmif;qdck suf jzpfygw,f?
(3) a&;Edik o f l aygi;f pyfEikd o f al wG trsm;}uD; useyf gao;w,f? 'gayr,fh trsm;pku
'Dru kd a&pDqw d o f Ok ;f wJah e&mrSm &Sad e=uw,f? olw@kd uawmh u|e;f &JabmfawGe@J u|e;f rSm
twlaecJh wdu k yf 0JG ifc=hJ uwJh r[mrdwaf wGyg? olw@kd a&;Edik v f mwJw h ae@rmS 'D yef;csu D m;
csy}f uD; tawmftwef jynhpf o kH mG ;Edik yf gw,f?
a&;Edik rf ,fh wae@ukd apmifóh ud=uygp@kd ? ?Ð
70
usaemfw@kd acwfrmS ‘bGe;f ’
'Dacwfusawmh ‘401’
ae&mu tif;pdeaf xmif taqmif 4

tcsed u
f naeapmif;rSm
tcef;xJrmS vl 30 ausmcf ef@&w dS ,f? xrif;pm;+yD; wef;ydwf vlppfomG ;wmvnf;
=umvS+yD? wawmufawmufe@J vrf;av#mufaerdwm b,fEpS af cguf &Srd eS ;f rod? toH
awG wjznf;jznf;pJomG ;p? wcsK@d e;D pyf&m ckwifcsi;f ‘wGw’f xd;k aewmyJ useaf wmhw,f?
wcsK@d tyd =f u+yD? aocsmwm wcky&J w dS ,f? v_yv f y_ &f mS ;&Sm;vkyaf ewm usaemfwa,muf
wnf;? ukvm;0g'g at;ode;f a&csK;d uefab; o&ufyif&yd u f apmif=h unfah ewm usaemf
odw,f? usaemhf csed q f csuf r+yD;jywfao;? vdt k yfr,fh tcsut f vufawG jznfq h nf;
aeqJ? bmajymr,fqw kd mu &Si;f +y;D om;? xdxrd rd d jzpfomG ;vdrrhf ,fqw kd mvJ pdwcf somG ;
cJ+h yD? b,fvadk jymrvJqw kd m=uawmh wH@k qaerdw,f? usaemfu vlwa,mufukd eifyJ
iqajym&rSm tm;emavh&Sdw,f? rajymrjzpf ajym&&ifvnf; toHwkefwwfw,f?
tao;pdwt f ydik ;f awGuawmh a&muf&m;yJayg?h ajym&qd&k &ifqikd &f rSmu 'Dae@ (ud-k -)
&JŒyHpk tH wdik ;f jzpfcsirf jS zpfr,f? olw@kd &nf&, G cf suof +d y;D om;qdak wmh odywf rd ;f apmif;p&mr&S?d
(2)
ae@cif;u tjzpftysuu f kd jyefpOf;pm;aerdw,f?
eHupf m xrif;pm;+yD;csed rf mS usaemfw@kd tcef; tpkav;&J@acgi;f aqmif (pde-f -)udk
ac:xkwo f mG ;=uw,f? vmac:yHu k azmfazmfa&Ga&G/ apmiftyk o f mG ;yHu
k omom=unf
=unf/ tjypfwckcak =umifh ac:xkwyf rkH sK;d r[kw?f od=uwJt h wdik ;f u|e;f jyefawGqakd wmh
axmifr;ª ausmrf if; OD;pD;wJh 0g'gawGu tvpfray; wjcm; vlcH tusO;f om;awGvnf;
rSmxm;+y;D om;? “'DaumifawGtem; ruyf=ueJ@/ "mwfvu kd of mG ;r,f/ awG@wmeJ@ wdu k x
f J
yd@k ypfr,f”qdw k hJ }udr;f 0g;oHawG w=um;wnf; =um;ae&w,f?
olwdk@wawG a&csKd;qif;zdk@ usaemfwdk@tcef;a&S@ujzwfoGm;wJhtcg 0g'gawG a&S@
aemufyw d +f yD; ac:oGm;wmawG@&w,f? ðyH;+zD;+zD;rsuEf mS awGukd wzufvx J$ m;=u&w,f?
usaemfw@kd tcef;awGuakd wmh a&uefe@J rsuEf mS csi;f qdik b f uf oHwikd af yguaf wGu r=unfzh @kd
owday;xm;w,f? 0g'gwa,mufvnf; teD;uyf vm}uD;=uyfavh&w dS ,f? (&±d;k vm;
71
=unfjh zpfatmif=unf=h uw,f?) 'gt
h jyif txufcef;/ ab;cef;awGe@J pmtquftoG,f
u rjywf?
(3)
usaemfw@kd ukd u|e;f ujyefy@kd vu kd af wmh qdyu f rf;uae [D;Ed;k um;}uD;awGe@J wifac:
vmygw,f? usaemfw@kd vl 30 ausmt f okwu f u|e;f rSxu G pf Of aemufq;kH oabFmay:
wifc=hJ uwJt h okwjf zpf+yD; Al;xJoiG ;f awmh yxrqH;k jzpfcw hJ ,f? Al;xJoiG ;f +yD;wJah emuf
yHpk x H ikd rf ay;=uvd@k yHpk jH y cH=u&ygw,f? wOD;udk 0g'g 2 a,mufus n‡y/f csKyf/ qJqkd xd;k
}udwu f m (rsuEf mS apmiftyk v f su)f wHcg;wcsyaf usmf ac:oGi;f wm cHvu kd =f u&w,f?
wae&mrSm pk txdkifcdkif;xm;w,f? ab;em;rSmvnf; &JabmfawG wa,muf+yD;
wa,muf a&mufvmoH=um;&w,f? ab;rSmawmh axmiftm%mydik af wGe@J 0g'gawGu
0dik ;f xm;w,f? teD;uyf t,fvaf Z;&Si;f acG;}uD;awG&@J tDoH a[mifoaH wG =um;ae&
w,f? pdwrf xif&if rxifovdk ajceJ@uef vufo;D eJ@ 0ifx;kd vkyw f mvJ cHae=u&w,f?
t±dkufcHvdkuf&vdk@ eH±dk;usKd;um wHk;vHk;}uD;vJaewJh avxD; Adkvftkef;armif&J@
nnf;oHukd =um;ae&w,f? bmrSvnf; rwwfEikd /f bmvky&f rSe;f vnf; rodawmh? 15
rdepfavmuf =umatmifEydS pf uf+y;D rS vlwOD;csi;f emrnfac:ygw,f? tac:cH&olu vuf
axmifjy&+yD; aemuf ol@uakd c:oGm;oH =um;&w,f? usaemfeh mrnf ac:oH=um;vd@k vuf
axmifjyvdu k w
f ,f? xH;k pHtwdik ;f =urf;=urf;wrf;wrf; ac:vm+yD; tcef;wcef;xJukd
apmifcmG ay;vdu k u
f m xd;k oGi;f vdu k w f ,f? rd;k rvif; arSmifru kd q f tJ csed jf zpfayr,fh azsmh
awmhawmh zefo;D a&mifa=umifh tcef;xJ b,forl rS &Sad =umif; odvu kd &f w,f? c%ae
awmh ajcoHawG=um;&+yD; aomhziG v hf ukd u
f m aemufxyfwa,muf 'vdrahf cguaf uG;
a&mufvmygw,f? usaemfu h jkd rifwmeJ@ u|r;f ESpyf wfavmufx;kd +yD; usaemfq h D ajy;vm
w,f? “0rf;omvdu k w f m”wJ?h bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh “cifAsm;eJ@twl ae&rSmrd@k ayg”h
wJh? usaemfwdk@ESpfa,mufu tJ'Davmufcspf=uwJh &JabmfawG? oluawmh &Jabmf
atmifabmfyg?
aemufawmh ol@tzG@J u, kd t hf zG@J ol@ygwu D ,kd yhf gwu D vlawG wa,muf+yD;wa,muf
a&mufvmum vljynfo h mG ;ygawmhw,f? vljynfw h meJ@ taqmifr;ª ausmrf if;eJ@ 0g'gw
odu k af &mufvm+y;D axmifpnf;urf;awG vufcsm±du k yf gawmhw,f? olw@kd jyefxu G o f mG ;rS
udak tmifabmfu “'Daumifh taqmifae&wm acsmifr,fyh kH r&Sb d ;l ? usaemfw@kd ukd txdik f
cdik ;f xm;+yD; olw@kd u 0dik ;f xm;csed rf mS 0g'gawGu wa,muf+yD;wa,muf 0if±u kd af ewm
72
usaemfu jrifae&w,f? usaemfu h kd tkyx f m;wJah pmifu taygu}f uD;eJ@As? Adv k tf ek ;f
armifukd ±du k cf svu kd w
f mvnf; jrif&w,f? wcsuw f csuf “rvkyef @J rvkyef @J vufveG f
ukerf ,f”vd@k t&m&Syd ikd ;f u atmfoaH wG =um;&w,f r[kwv f m;´? tJ'gu o}uFew f iG ;f
ryuf=ueJ@ ryuf=ueJ@v@kd atmfwhJ vl}uD;awG&@J toHrsK;d ? wu,fu olw@kd vufnKd‡ ;
xd;k jywJo h al wGukd 0if±u kd =f u&wmyJ? ppf,el aD zmif;eJ@ taumifawGvnf;ygw,f? cke
wke;f u axmifr;ª qd&k if “a[h awmf+yD/ awmf+yD &yfvu kd af wmh”vd@k atmf+yD;wmeJ@ ol
ud, k w f ikd f 0if+yD;uefcw hJ hJ aumify?J usaemfw@kd tay: rD;armif;}uD;awG 0dik ;f xd;k xm;awmh
&Si;f &Si;f }uD; jrifae&w,f”
(pum;csy-f txuftnmaxmifawGuae u|e;f tyd@k c&H wJo h al wG[m tif;pdef
axmifu axmifrLS ; axmifyikd f 0g'gawGe@J rqufqcH =hJ u&bl;yg? MI udik w f hJ wGzJ ufaxmif
uae wdu k ±f ukd f oabFmay:wufc=hJ u&vd@k yg)
olu ajym&if;ajym&if;u usw d rf Edik cf rJ & jzpfaeyH&k ygw,f? Adv k t f ek ;f armif t±du k f
cH&vd@k nnf;nLaepOfrmS usaemfw@kd wckck x vkyo f ifw h ,f/ tedrq hf ;kH ‘aºuG;a=umfo’H
wdik o f ifw h ,f? ckawmh usaemfw@kd nH&h musomG ;+yDv@kd ajymygw,f? “AB 'Dprf;oyfrr_ mS
usaemfw@kd wm0ef rausvu kd b
f ;l ? xm;vdu k af wmh æ aemufy}JG u;D yGaJ umif;awG vmEdik yf g
ao;w,f” vd@k usaemfu jyefajymrdygw,f?
bmyJjzpfjzpf 'DacwfeJ@pm&ifawmh awmfao;w,fvdk@ qdk&ygr,f? wa,muf
wukwif tdy=f u&w,f? vlppfwt hJ cg axmifrLS ;pum;ajymwJt h cg yHpk H xdik rf ay;&?
rsupf ad emufatmifvyk rf ae&if &w,f? olw@kd jrifomwJah e&mrSm &yfcsi&f yf? xdik cf six f ikd f
ae&w,f? tdro f mxJu vluvnf; “'DrmS wa,muf&w dS ,f” vd@k jznfah jymvdu k &f if
+yD;w,f?
odk@aomf axmifqdkwm axmifyJav? wcg ppfbDvl;awG tm%modrf;xm;wJh
umvyJr@kd qkay;wm r&S?d '%fay;wmyJ &Syd gw,f? ae@pOfvkd b0 rarhatmif qJvu kd f
qdv k u kd f tjypfusL;vGew f ,fxif&if owday;wm a&csK;d ydww f m wduk x f yJ @kd wm æ ponf
awGa=umifh aecsipf &m raumif;vSyg?
a&csK;d &wmu wywfwcg t0wfav#mw f mtyg em&D0ufyJ cGiðhf yw,f? u|e;f rSm
a&csK;d &wmeJ@awmh uGmygb?d wa,muf pnf;urf;csK;d azmufwmawG@&if wcef;vH;k
wvrS 2 vtxd a&csK;d ydww f wfwmu &Sad o;? wm0efc0H g'gu wv vd@k a=unm
oGm;+yD;rS axmifrLS ;vmwJt h cg }udr;f &if;armif;&if;u 2 v jzpfomG ;wmvnf; ñuHc&hJ
w,f? 'Dawmh wcsK@d vlnpfywfawG ud, k af y: taumif}uD;}uD; 00zD;zD; oef;a=u;rawG
73
uyf+idvmygawmhw,f? 'gayr,fh b,fo@l a=umifh b,ftzG@J a=umifv h @kd rjiLpl=u? wcef;
vH;k '%fc&H ayr,fh tjyeftvSef em;vnfre_ @J jy\em rvkycf =hJ u?
umvwckjzwfausm+f yD;=uwJah emuf w&ufrmS awmh wcef;vH;k vluek f tjyifxw k f
ygw,f? usaemfw@kd taqmif&@J a&S@tzDxrJ mS xdik =f u&ygw,f? ,cif xrif;pm;cef;yg?
xdik cf &kH nS f pm;yG&J n S af wG&w dS ,f? tm;vH;k xdik af epOf MI eJ@ axmifrLS ;tyg tr_xrf;wcsK@d
a&mufvm+yD; pm&Guaf wG cJwaH wG xkwaf y;ygw,f? pmar;yGJ tajzcdik ;f wmyg? ar;cGe;f
11 ck ajz&ygw,f? rSwrf o d avmuf æ
- Armjynf uGejf rLepfygwt D ay: tjrif/ 48 vufeufuikd w f u kd yf t JG ay: oabm
xm;/ ðzwf xkwf owf udp/P aemuf tvHeyD gw/D OD;Ek&@J ygvrD ef 'Dru kd a&pDygw/D rvny
yrnw wd@k e@J ywfoufwhJ oabmxm;rsm;?
- aemufq;kH ar;cGe;f awGrmS awmh awmfveS af &;aumifp/D rqv/ tnrn oabm
w&m;/ awmfveS af &;aumifp&D @J Edik if jH cm;a&;0g'tay: oabmxm;rsm; ponf yg yg
w,f?
“tif; æ pmar;yGJ ajz&rSma=umufv@kd Edik if aH &;vkyyf gw,f/ ajzvdu k &f wJh pmar;yGJ
+yD;w,fukd r&Sb d ;l ”æ 'gu AB (udak tmifabmf)&J@ atmufuvdtm toHæ usew f ohJ l
awGu ðy;H vdu k =f u+y;D MI wifvw S @kd E_wcf rf; plaeygw,f? (wu,fu udak tmifabmf[m
pmóud;pm;+yD; pmawmfol ausmif;om;wa,mufyg? pmar;yGJ a=umuforl [kw)f
usaemfu wdw k &kd iS ;f &Si;f jywfjywfajzcsvu kd +f yD; tcef;xJ jyef0ifvmygw,f? AB
uawmh *k%x f ;l awG xGuaf tmifrsm;ajzaeovm; rod? awmfawmfe@J r+yD;? wjcm; tzG@J
tpnf;awGutouf}uD;}uD; vl}uD;awGvnf; vufawG@ae=u[efww l ,f? tawG@t
ñuHursm;awmh ajymp&mawG rsm;yHyk ?J tcsed u f vnf; uef@owf rxm;?
aemufrS wa,muf+y;D wa,muf jyef0ifvm=uw,f? ol@tpk ud, k t hf pk uswd u
f sw d f
usw d u f swd ef @J ajym=u&jyefw,f? tjyeftvSef pdppf=uygw,f? tm;&rdwmvnf; &S/d
qifa0S@&efa&Smif ajzcJ=h uwmawGvnf; awG@&w,f? wcsK@d u rsupf x d J =unfrh &wJh wjcm;
ygwaD wGtay: zda&;vmwm&Scd w hJ ,f? OD;Ekusawmh oltpd;k &jzpfpOfuvnf; wav#muf
vH;k cHvm=u&vd@k ESyd Ef ydS ef ,fe,f ajzvmcJ=h uw,f? 'gawGukd wcef;eJ@wcef; zvS,=f unfh
=uw,f? aemufyikd ;f wjcm;tcef;rS ud^k m%f0if; (&uo)qDu a0zefa&; a&mufvm
w,f?
“&efou l ykd J wdu k &f r,f? rdwaf qGr&Sd wyfaygi;f pkr&Sd jzpfomG ;atmif b0wlygwaD wG
udk ud, k u f OD;aqmifziG chf s&if rSm;w,f”wJ@? usaemfu rqv udk cyfjywfjywf wdu k cf hJ
74
wmtwGuf *k%, f rl w d ,f? OD;Ekusawmh azmufjyefwhJ vuf,mtpd;k &wckukd ud, k pf m;ðy
zl;ol/ ,ck e,fcs@J aemufvu kd jf zpfomG ;+yvD @kd ajzcJw
h mrSew f ,fxifa=umif;? tvHeyD gw[ D m
Auy udk ycH;k csi;f ,SO+f yD; ypPn;f rJyh gwv D @kd ol@u, kd o f l owfrw S x f m;ayr,fh wu,fu
"e&Siaf ygupf ygwyD v J @kd ajzvmcJw h mawmh rSm;w,fq&kd ifvnf; rSm;w,faygAh sm æ vd@k
owif;yd@k vu kd yf gw,f?
pmar;yGaJ jzt+yD; r=umrD yxr tokwf vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm; v$waf y;vdu k yf g
w,f? usaemfw@kd txJu vl}uD;ydik ;f wcsK@d (q&m &m*se/f OD;jroef;wifh æ ponf) yg
oGm;ygw,f? owif;pmvmjyvd@k od&wmyg? jzwfoef;r_u, kd pf D &Scd =hJ u+yDjzpfv@kd &efo@l
txmudk od=uygw,f? xGuo f mG ;wJh &JabmfawGtay: bmrS oHo, r&S=d u?
tcsed wf csK@d jzwfoef;=u+yD;wJah emuf æ
ck usaemfw@kd tpkacgi;f aqmifukd ac:xkwo f mG ;=ujyef+yD? qef;awmh qef;w,f/
waeukef pdwaf wGu 'Dtay:rSmyJ a&mufaerdw,f?
usaemfw@kd xrif;pm;t+yD; naeapmif;rS ud, k af wmfacsmu ay:vmygawmhw,f?
apmifukd taqmifr0ifcifuwnf;u ðzwfay;vdu k yf &kH w,f? pD;u&uf yg;pyfrmS cJv@kd /
yg;pyfuvnf; uGr;f av;ðrH@v@kd æ?
“ uJ æ qdpk rf;ygO;D / udpu P ´”
“ OD;jrwd@k udb k cufw@kd u ac:awG@wmav/ a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfawGvnf;ygw,f?
ðzwf xkwf owf udp/P w±kwjf ynfxrJ mS ocif oef;òrdiu f kd ocifAode;f wifw@kd u ta&;
,lvdkufwJh udpP/ ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'oqdkwmvnf; w±kwfawG 0ifwdkufay;aevdk@
'Davmuf }uD;us,v f mwmvd@k vnf; ajymw,f”
“ 'Dawmh cifAsm; b,fvkd wH@k jyefco hJ vJ ”
“ [ift h if; æ em;yJ axmifaevdu k w f ,f/ odcsiw f may:&if ar;=unfw h mawmh
&Sw
d ,f? olw@kd 3 a,mufu wa,muf+yD;wa,muf tqufrjywf ajymae=uwmAs”
a'gyaG e+yDjzpfwhJ usaemfw@kd wawGu wa,mufwayguf 0dik ;f a0zef=uygw,f? “'D
opPmazmufawGu au|;wmawG cifAsm;pm;vmw,f? aq;vdyaf omuf uGr;f pm;vm
w,f? cifAsm; r&Sub f ;l vm;”æ ponf?
wu,fu ol[m &Jabmfaumif; wa,mufyg? òrd@aeqif;&Jom; vufvyk v f uf
pm; tvkyo f rm;wa,muf jzpfw,f? jrpfzsm;wdik ;f eJ@ tquf&cJ+h yD; ygw0D ifjzpfcw hJ ,f?
ol@tm;enf;csuu f Edik if aH &;a&csed ef @J pmay,Ofaus;r_a&csed ef rd w hf m jzpfw,f? ±d;k ±d;k tt
qdak wmh wH@k jyefEikd pf rG ;f r&Sd jzpfomG ;yH&k ygw,f? ol@tudu k tmZmenf &JabmfwOD;jzpfv@kd
75
&JabmfawGu csp=f ucif=uygw,f? aysmw f wf&i$ wf wforl @kd ol@emrnf a&S@rmS ‘pde’f wyf
ac:=uwmyg? 'gayr,fh 'DwcsrD mS awmh rn‡mEdik =f uawmhygb;l ?
olvnf; tawmfpw d nf pfomG ;+yD; olrmS ;a=umif; 0efcyH gw,f? aemuf olu yGiyhf iG hf
vif;vif; wifjyawmif;qdv k mygw,f? ol[m tcef;tpkacgi;f aqmifae&meJ@ rwefyg?
acgif;raqmifEdkifyg/ 'ga=umifh cifAsm;acgif;aqmifygvdk@ ol@wm0efudk xdk;tyfygw,f?
usaemfu jiif;ygw,f? “qufvyk /f 0ef;&Hr,f”æ ayg?h
'gayr,fh use&f aJ bmfawGuvnf; “pde-f - eJ@ rjzpfygb;l / cifAsm;yJ acgi;f aqmifyg”
vd@k 0dik ;f awmif;qdw k meJ@ vuQv H ukd &f ygw,f?
olu qufajymygw,f? “olw@kd u cifAsm;wd@k tcef;xJrmS usaemfw@kd &aJ bmfawG
b,fEpS af ,muf&v dS /J b,foal wGvaJ r;wmeJ@ wa,mufpt D a=umif; rdwq f ufay;cJh
&w,f? cifAsm;ta=umif; tm;}uD;ar;w,f? eufzef cifAsm;udk ac:awG@vrd rhf ,f xif
w,f”æ wJ?h
eufzef vmac:&if ig bmajymrvJ´ b,fvx kd ;kd ESuw
f ukd cf u
kd &f rvJ´æ 'Dar;cGe;f
awGu usaemfu h kd w&pyf vrf;av#mufcikd ;f xm;jcif; jzpfygw,f?
“a[h rif;rtdyaf o;bl;vm;´ b,ftcsed &f +dS yDv´J tdyaf wmh æ”
0g'g at;ode;f b,ftcsed u f oHwef;em; a&mufaew,f rod?
(4)
eHeuf vufzuf&nf aomuf+yD;wmeJ@ &JabmfawG 0dik ;f zG@J vu kd =f uygw,f? usaemfu
vmac:vd@k awG@jzpf=u&if b,fv&kd ifqikd rf ,f/ bmawG æ bmawG ajymr,f? nae
jyefra&mufvm&if tJ'gawGajymvd@k yq J w kd m rSwx f m;=uyg æ vd@k rSmxm;ygw,f?
wGux f m;wJth wdik ;f eHeufpm pm;+yD;csed f vmac:ygw,f? tif;pdeaf xmifukd usaemf
ru|r;f yg/ apmifuvnf; tkyx f m;avawmh b,fac:oGm;vd@k ac:oGm;w,f rod? apmif
zGiahf y;vdu k rf S wxyfwu kd u
f av;a&S@ wHcg;0rSm a&mufaea=umif; owdðyrdawmhw,f?
taygu0f ab; ykÀm;uG,t f cef;&Sd pm;yGw J vH;k ab;rSm vlEpS af ,muf xdik af eygw,f?
(MI awGyJ jzpfr,f) pm;yGaJ y:rSm bmypPn;f wifxm;w,frod? u'fxjl ym;wcsyf axmif
+yD; uG,x f m;ygw,f? (aemufrS od&wmu toHzrf; &Daumf'g wifxm;wm qdyk )J
tcef;xJ0ifvu kd af wmh tðy;H ud,
k pf eD @J vlEpS af ,muf rwfwyf&yfóuad eygw,f? b,f
bufpm;yGaJ b;rSm &yfaeolukd (rawG@z;l ayr,f)h jrifjrifcsi;f odvu kd yf gw,f? bcufy?J
wjcm; pm;yGw J vH;k rSmawmh (=unf&h wm) yDuif;jyef wif&edS yf J jzpfavmufw,f?
76
uGmjcm;csufuawmh bcufu bDvl;rsufESmeJ@armufrm+yD; vl&nfvnfwJhyHk/
wif&edS uf sawmh rsuEf mS rxm;wwfwhJ yH?k odyw f ufwufºuGºuG r&S/d rwwfomvd@k
[efaqmif ðyH;aeyH&k w,f?
“usaemfu &Jabmf bcuf/ olu yDuif;jyef Adv k w f if&edS yf g”
usaemf ðyH;csio f vdvk kd jzpfomG ;rdw,f? yJc;l ±d;k rrSm jzpfc=hJ uwJt h a=umif;csi;f wawG
odxm;+yD;rd@k yg? &nf;pm;vkbuf ESpaf ,muf 'Dae&mrSmawmh wavSxpJ ;D wc&D;wnf;
oGm;ae=uygvm;?
bcufu tifrwefrS v_u d vf wJS yhJ pkH eH @J vufqEJG w _ q f ufz@kd vufurf;vmygw,f?
usaemfu ujymu,m vufEpS b f uf aemufypfxm;vdu k w f ,f? oluvnf; vlyg; tajc
taeudk wrk[w k cf si;f jyefxed ;f vdu k w f t hJ aeeJ@ æ
“ uJ xdik Af sKd @/ em;OD;Asm æ jznf;jznf;csi;f ajym=uwmayg”h vd@k ajymygw,f?
“ uJ aq;vdyaf omufAsm ” (usaemf raomufwwfb;l )
“ uGr;f a&m ” (rpm;ygb;l )
“'Dvdkqdk vufzuf&nfaomuf æ rkef@pm;aygh” (a=omf æ cufyg+yD/ cifAsm;wdk@
au|;wmarG;wm pm;zd@k aomufz@kd tpuwnf;u oabmxm; r&Sb d ;l As)
ol u|+J rD;wdok mG ;[ef &Syd gw,f?
“ &ygw,f/ &ygw,f ”ajym+yD; acgi;f wndwn f w d f vkyaf eygw,f? usaemf&h @J yxr
xd;k ppf xda&mufomG ;yHyk ?J
wc%awmh t&mtm;vH;k wdwq f w d f +idro f ufomG ;cJw h ,f? aemufawmhrS “'Dvkd
Asm æ cifAsm; tudek @J tjyifrmS c%c% qHjk zpf=uw,f? olu 'Dwacguf vlawGtrsm;
}uD;vGwfvmayr,fh usKyfnDygrvmbl;/ =unfhvnf; vkyfay;ygOD;Asm æ ajymwmeJ@
cifAsm;udk OD;pm;ay; ac:wmyg”wJ?h (tjyifa&mufv@kd tudjk zpfou l kd ar;=unfah wmh “[
'Daumife@J igu urBm&efyu J /G awG@ygrh vm;”vd@k ajzygw,f?)
usaemfu “[kw&f @J vm;As”vd@k wH@k jyefvu kd af wmh ol@toH awmfawmfe@J xGurf vm?
aemufrS æ
“'Dae@ udjk r ygrvmbl;/ tvif;a&muf &Jabmfwa,muf tdraf e&mcsxm;zd@k r*Fvm
'Hb
k uf oGm;ae&w,f? olygrS aqG;aEG;csiw f ,fqv kd nf; &w,f/ reufzef a&$@vu kd =f u
wmayg”h vd@k ajymxGuv f mw,f?
“udprP &Syd gb;l / cifAsm;wd@k 3 a,mufpvH;k eJ@usaemfe@J u b,fwek ;f urS odczhJ ;l =uwm
r[kwb f ;l ? b,foyl grS rygrS aqG;aEG;csiw f ,fqw kd mrsK;d r&Sb d ;l ? usaemfb h ufu awmif;
77
qdkcsifwmwckyJ &Sdw,f? tpmiwfcHwdkufyGJ'%fa=umifh usaemfhrSwfOm%fawG odyfr
aumif;bl;? jzwfajym&OD;r,f/ cifAsm;wd@k ajymwmyJ em;axmif&rvm;? usaemfu jyef
ajymEdik cf iG hf &So d vm;/ odcsiw f ,f”
“[m æ &ygw,f? ajymcsio f avmuf ajymEdik yf gw,f”
“aumif;+y/D 'Dvq kd &kd if usaemfu h kd rSwpf &m pm&Guef @J cw
J H ay;yg/ arhroGm;cif rSwaf w;
xm;+yD;rS jyefajymcsiw f ,f? jzpfrvm;´”
“usaemfw@kd uvnf; tJ'v D kd tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;csiw f myg”æ vd@k ajym+y;D bcufu
ol@tw d af xmifxu J abmyifwacsmif;xkwaf y;&if; wif&edS b f ufvn S u
hf m “pm&Guaf y;
vduk yf g”æ vd@k vSr;f ajymygw,f? ( =o æ olu txufuygvm;)
wif&edS f pm&Guv f mcspOf bcufay;wJh abmyifav;udk vSnyhf wf=unfah erdygw,f?
Litus æ wJ?h 'DpOfu (72 ckEp S f jzpfr,f) abmyifukd us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@ oH;k ao;[ef
rwl? (oH;k &ifvnf; axmifxJ 6 ESpaf vmufa&mufaeol wa,muftaeeJ@ rawG@ rod?)
'ga=umifh pdwf0ifpm;+yD; cktxd rSwfrdaeovm;/ aemufwckuaxmifxJrSm cJwH/
azmifwed q f w kd m &wemyg/ 'ga=umifh pJx G ifomG ;ovm; rajymwwf?
bcufu pum;qufukd jyefaumufygw,f?
“yxr tokwx f J cifAsm;ygroGm;wmu cifAsm;ajzvdu k w f hJ 11 csux f u J tajz
awGa=umifyh ?J cifAsm;u awmfveS af &;aumifpeD @J jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfukd &p&mr&Sd
atmif tjypfwifxm;w,f? uGejf rLepfygwu D u
kd sawmh t&iftwdik ;f tuJjzwfxm;
wm awG@&w,f? aemuf w±kwyf gweD @J ,Ofaus;r_awmfveS af &;udv k nf; axmufcw H ,f
ajymw,f? 'Dawmh w±kwyf gwD CPC eJ@ CPB qufqaH &;twGi;f ydik ;f tajctaeawG
tm%mvkyt JG a=umif;awGukd udw k if&edS u
f p˜ rdwq f ufay;vdu k yf gAsm”
wif&edS u f yxrqH;k Armjynfxu J ygwaD cgi;f aqmifawGe@J &JabmfawG w±kwjf ynfxJ
b,fv0kd if=uw,fqw kd m p ajymygw,f? wjznf;jznf; ±kyv f ;kH azmfvmygw,f ocif
oef;xGe;f aemufq;kH ae@rsm; 2 wGpJ vH;k zwfxm;+yD;rd@k topftqef;ryg? ol ajymvd@k
t&Sed &f +yDqw kd meJ@ “aeOD;”vd@k usaemfu vufjy+yD; wm;ygw,f?
“usaemfow d m =um;wmu cifAsm;ajymovdk r[kwb f ;l ” yDuif;a&'D,u kd b,fvkd
ajymw,f/ jynfo@l toHu b,fvkd ajymw,f/ yJc;l ±d;k ra&mufz;l wJ&h aJ bmfawGu b,fvkd
ajymw,f qd+k yD; ol@pum;udk acszsuyf gw,f?
“jynfo@l toH qdw k mvJ w±kwt f oHy/J w±kwjf ynfxu J v$iahf ewm æ”
“r[kwb f ;l / =uLukwu f v$iahf ewm”æ usaemfu b,fuodxm;wJh tcsuf
78
tvufreS ;f rod acszsu&f +yD;a&m &rf;wkwv f u kd yf gw,f? taqmifaxmifh u|e;f om;
wdik }f uD;ay:rSm cJqeH @J rSed af zsmah zsmah v; a&;jcpfxm;wJh ‘=uLukwu f kd ygwu D 68 ckEpS rf mS
odr;f vdu k +f y’D qdw k hJ pmwrf;av;a=umifv h m;´? u|e;f wke;f u wa,mufa,muf&@J cef@reS ;f
ajymqdck suaf =umifh vm;rod? (ck 'Dpma&;aepOfrmS awmh ðyH;rdygw,f?)
'Dae&mrSm tcsut f vuf cdik rf mwdusz@kd òydiaf ewmr[kw?f &yfwnfcsucf si;f òydiaf e
wmjzpfv@kd jy\em r&S?d
oluawmh tawmf ±H@_ omG ;ygw,f? od@k aomf qufvufóud;pm;+yD; tcsut f vuf
awG wifygw,f? ,Ofaus;r_awmfveS af &;umvrSmyJ ocif Aode;f wif acgi;f aqmifwhJ
tpku ocifoef;òrdiu f kd ao'%fay;+yD; tqH;k pD&ifvu kd +f yDjzpfa=umif; ajymjyefw,f?
(wavmurS ocifoef;òrdiw f a,muf zsm;emaoqH;k oGm;a=umif;od&vd@k 'D pma&;ae
pOfrmS 'kw, d yH d ðyH;rdjyefygw,f?)
xm;ygawmh bcuftvSnu hf kd qufvu kd yf gO;D r,f?
bcufu acsmif;oHay;vdu k +f yD;? “cifAsm;u ArmjynfueG jf rLepf ygwt D ay:tjrif
qdwk hJ ar;cGe;f eHygwf 1 udk ‘Armjynf. wckwnf;aom ypPn;f rJv h wl ef;pm;ygw’D vd@k ajz
xm;w,f? t&ifuawmh [kwcf w hJ ,f? tck r[kwaf wmhb;l As”qd+k yD; ‘aemufq;kH ae@
rsm;’xJu tcsut f vufawG &Gwzf wfo&ZÆ,yf gawmhw,f?
usaemfuvnf; xH;k pHtwdik ;f a&;vdu k f rSwv f ukd f ðyH;vdu k ?f olt&Sed w f ufvmwmeJ@
wm;vdu k f acszsuv f ukd f vkyaf eygw,f?
olu awmfawmfeJ@r&yf/ ygwDA[dk ±Hk;tkyfvkyfvmolqdkawmh vrf;pOftrSm;awG
ta=umif;/ A[dak umfrwDawGta=umif;/ ðzwf xkwf owf udpaP wGta=umif; pmtkyf
vGwf wwGww f w G &f w
G jf yvd@k aumif;aeygw,f?
“ Aef;armf wifatmife@J vnf; awG@+yD;yg+yD? ðzwf xkwf owf udpaP wG ajymjyawmh
‘[kw&f @J vm; udjk r&,f’ vd@k pkww f owfowf jzpfomG ;w,f? cifAsm;wd@k u|e;f rSm aemuf
qH;k wdu k yf w JG ukd af wmh ‘tv[\ aoukeaf wmhrmS yJ/ usaemfw@kd udu k ;kd u|e;f oGm;csif
w,f? yJc;l ±d;k r ðzwf xkwf owf udpaP wG &Si;f jy+yD; &JabmfawG toufu,fay;csiw f ,f/
cGiðhf yyg’ æ vd@k Adv k rf ;ª }uD;wifO;D (rSurf eS )f qD wifjyygao;w,f? olu aemufro S mG ;
=uwmayg/h ajymwmeJ@ rvmjzpfwm ud, k &hf aJ bmfawGyAJ sm”æ qd+k yD; vlwef;pm;arwWm
awG xkwjf yaeygao;awmhw,f?
( awmuf æ vmvdu k vf @kd uawmh yG}J uD;yG}J uD;aumif; jzpfomG ;r,f?)
“cifAsm;ajzwJt h xJrmS awmfveS af &;aumifpeD @J ywfouf+yD; azmufjyefwphJ pftyk pf v k @kd
79
tuJjzwfw,f? usaemfwdk@u 'Dvdkrxifbl;? olwdk@[m qdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk
±d;k ±d;k om;om; ,H=k unfvyk u f ikd af eolawGy/J rvkyw f wf rudik w f wfwmawG &Scd si&f rdS ,f?
olw@kd txJrmS azmufjyefwt hJ ydik ;f vnf; &Scd si&f rdS mS ayg?h 'gawGukd ygww D iG ;f wduk yf eJG @J ajymif;
vJypfEikd w f ,fv@kd ,Hk æ (usaemf ðyH;vdu k w f m jrifvu kd [f efwyl gw,f ,H&k @J aemufrmS
‘=unf’vdu k rf vmbJ) xifw,f” (tif; æ &r,f æ &r,f)
“aemufwck rqv udk qd&k , S v
f pf twkta,mifv@kd ajzw,f? 'gvnf; usaemfw@kd
eJ@ uGw J ,f”æ qd+k yD; od'w <d ifwmawG vkyv f mjyefw,f? aeuvnf;apmif; em;uvnf;
nnf;vm+yDr@kd æ
“uJ æ cifAsm; &Si;f vif;csuaf wGvnf; tawmf&n S v f yS g+y?D 'gayr,fh usaemfx h ifjrif
csuaf wGvnf; wcsuw f avawmif ajymif;roGm;ygb;l ”æ qd+k yD; b&dwf tkyyf pfvu kd f
ygw,f? “wjcm;ajymcsiw f m&Sad o;vm;´” vd@k vnf; ar;vdu k yf gw,f?
olvnf; tawmfawmh armaeyH&k ygw,f?
“at;Asm usaemfvnf; cifAsm;vdk i,fi,fav;uwnf;u ,H=k unfcsuef @J awmf
vSeaf &;vkyv f mwmyg/ rdbarwWm aqGrsK;d om;csi;f arwWmawG rsuu f , G ðf ycJw h ,f? ck
usaemf tdraf xmifus+yD; om;orD;&vmrS rdbarwWmqdw k m 'Davmuf txdawmif
ygyv J m;vd@k odvmw,f? cifAsm;udv k nf; tdru f vmawG@omG ;+yDr[kwv f m;´ olw@kd
arwWmudk cifAsm;cHpm;rdrmS yg? r=umcif tjrefqpkH nf;ygawmhr,f? uJ æ aemufq;kH tae
eJ@ usaemfw@kd odcsiw f mav;wckawmh ajzoGm;Asm”
( tif; æ ckryS J usaemf apmifah ewJt h uGuf a&mufvmygawmhw,f)
“usaemfw@kd tvif;0if&aJ bmfawGxu J kd 3 rsK;d 3 pm; cGEJ ikd w f ,fxifygw,f? eHygwf
(1) trsKd ;tpm;u Edik if aH &;vnf;pGe@f vw $ f vlra_ &;vnf; azmufjyef=uw,f? aemuf
wrsK;d usawmh rmhupf 0f g' vDeif0g'udk rpGe@f vw $ /f 'gayr,fh vlra_ &;usawmh azmufjyef
wm&Sw d ,f? aemufq;kH trsK;d tpm;u rmhupf 0f g' vDeif0g'udk qufvufuikd pf JG wdu k yf JG
0ifae=u+yD; vlr_a&;bufrSmvnf; rSJ@waygufrpGef;atmifaewJholvdk@ awG@&w,f?
usaemfw@kd ukd b,fvkd trsK;d tpm;xJuvd@k owfrw S cf siyf govJ´”?
rae@u wnaevH;k vrf;av#muf&if; pum;vH;k pDxm;wJh tcsut f vufawGxu J
t"duuswhJ 0gusawG toH;k 0ifvmyg+yD?
“[kw+f yD usaemfajymr,f/ usaemfcspw f hJ av;pm;=unfnKd wJh &JabmfawG acgi;f
aqmifawG[m olw@kd toufupkd eG @f +yD; awmfveS af &;vky&f if; &moufyef awmfveS af &;
orm;b0udk cH,o l mG ;cJ=h uyg+yD? 'gayr,fh 'DtxJu wcsK@d &aJ bmfawGusawmh t+yD;tydik f
80
rpGe@f vw $ Ef ikd v
f @kd awmfveS af &; c&D;vrf;qH;k ;atmif rvdu k yf gEikd b f J wydik ;f wpeJ@ useaf e&pf
cJ=h uwm awG@&w,f?
- 'DaxmifxrJ mS vGecf w hJ hJ 4 ESpaf vmufu {+yDx;kd ppfemrnfwyf+yD; Suppression
(zdEydS af &;) vkycf w hJ ,f? &Jabmfawmfawmfrsm;rsm; awmifch =H uw,f? 'DtxJu usaemf
av;pm;wJh &Jabmfwa,muf[mvnf; tcsed t f awmf=um awmifch x H m;ygw,f/ xrif;
rau|; a&ray;bJ wdu k cf ef;usO;f awGxJ vltjynfx h nfx h m;wmyg/ wcgw&H 0if±u kd f
vdu k af o;w,f? tnHch w H ohJ u l kd taqmifjyefy@kd +yD; aumif;aumif;au|;arG;w,f æ wJ?h
ol[m aemufqHk;usefwJhtxd awmihfcHaeygao;w,f? aemufqHk; ao&r,fhtcsdef
a&mufawmh awmifrh xm;Edik af wmhb;l / tnHch v H ufrw S f (BOND) xd;k ay;vdu k &f w,f?
- taqmifay: jyefa&mufawmh ,lñuH;r& taqmife&H H wdik }f uD;udk acgi;f eJ@ wdu k f
wdu k +f yD; idwk ,fqykd ?J yg;pyfu ol@emrnfu&kd w G &f w G +f yD; “--- rif;acG;jzpf+yD/ ---rif;
acG;jzpf+yD” æ vd@k vnf; &Gwq f o kd wJ?h
- uJ æ 'Dawmh cifAsm;wd@k pOf;pm;/ rcHEikd v f @kd vufrw S xf ;kd rdwhJ ygw0D ifwa,muf
uawmif ol acG;jzpfyg+yDv@kd cH,w l ,fq&kd if 'l;axmufvufeufcs±w kH ifru ud, k yhf gwD
ud, k f opPmazmufwo hJ al wG[m bmjzpfomG ;rvJ´ ud, k b f mom qH;k jzwfayawmh æ”
usaemfu toufr±SLtm;bJ w&pyf ajymcsvu kd yf gw,f?
rif;om;acgi;f pGy}f uD; ðywfusomG ;yg+yD? rsuEf mS }uD; ndKrnf;oGm;um 0ke;f ceJ x&yf
vdu k yf gw,f? wif&edS af &m taygu0f rSm toHc;kd zrf;aewJh 2 a,mufyg v_yv f y_ &f mS ;
&Sm;jzpfomG ;=uwm owdxm;vdu k rf w
d ,f? bcufu pm;yGu J kd vuf0g;eJ@ wzse;f zse;f
±du k &f if; æ
“cifAsm;u usKyfw@kd ukd acG;vd@k ajymwmayg/h [kwv f m;/ 'Dr,f ud-k - cifAsm;udk
b,fawmhrS rv$wb f ;l / 'gy”J æ vd@k tH}udw+f yD; ajymygawmhw,f?
“usaemfuvnf; cifAsm;wdk@ac:vdk@vmwm? vGwfcsifvdk@vmwm r[kwfbl;?
óuduo f avmufomxm;”æ vd@k t&om&S&d dS ajymypfvu kd yf gw,f?
usaemfh &nfreS ;f csuf ayguaf jrmufomG ;ay+yD?
(5)
ar#mfawmfaZmeJ@ armaewJh tcef;xJu &JabmfawG æ usaemfhudkjrifwmeJ@
tm;&0rf;om jzpfuek =f uw,f?
“uJ æ xrif;csex f m;w,f r[kwv
f m;/ qmvS+yD/ pm;&if; ajym=uwmayg”h
81
usaemfh Zmwfvrf;vnf; =um;+yD;a&m tm;vH;k u|uu f |un f o
H mG ;=uw,f?
“b,fvkd vky&f rvJ´ wjcm;tzG@J tpnf;uvlawGuakd um ajym&rvm;´”
“ajymayg/h usaemfw@kd b,fv&kd yfwnfw,fqw kd m today;&r,f? 'grS olw@kd b,f
vdk &yfwnf&r,f æ qdw k m pOf;pm;Edik vf rd rhf ,f”
&JeaD wGuvG+J yD; aumif;aom*,uf jzpfomG ;ygw,f? olw@kd u ‘avus,w f myg/
tJ'v D akd jym&if wdu k x
f aJ &mufomG ;rSmayg’h vd@k ajyma=umif; wjcm;tzG@J tpnf;awGu
jyefajymjyvd@k od=u&w,f?
txufcef;/ ab;u tcef;awGvnf; owif;jzef@vu kd yf gw,f? &JabmftoD;oD;u
armif;wifxm;=uay+yD? aemufyikd ;f ac:awG@wt hJ cg 3 a,mufwwGJ 4 a,mufwwGJ
awG jzpfomG ;ygw,f? yGu J vnf; wpwpeJ@ yd=k urf;vmygw,f?
udak tmifabmfw@kd tqdik ;f uawmh omomeJ@ememESuv f mwJh tqdik ;f jzpfw,f? Edik if H
a&;tusO;f om;awG&@J &ydik cf iG ehf @J vuf&jdS zpfaewm cifAsm;wd@k ajymwmawGe@J usKyfw@kd cH
ae&wmawG[m cg;awmif;usKu d w f jcm; zifwjcm; jzpfaew,fv@kd ‘avSmifajymif’+yD;
&dc=hJ uwm=um;vd@k ðyH;rd&ao;w,f?
(tkw±f ;kd owif;wckt& zd;k oH(acsmif;)u olw@kd e@J pum;rajymbl;/ ygvmwJh MI
Adv
k rf ;ª pd;k jrifuh kd “olw@kd u opPmazmufawG usaemf pum;rajymEdik b f ;l / ajymp&m&S&d if
cifAsm;wd@k e@J yJ ajymr,f” æ vd@k &yfccH ahJ =umif;=um;=u&vd@k use&f aJ bmfrsm; yd+k yD; tm;
wufuek yf gw,f? ñuHv@kd ar;=unfah wmh [kwaf =umif; od&w,f?)
aemufq;kH tqdik ;f uawmh yGt J =urf;qH;k jzpfomG ;ygw,f? DSI t&m&Sad [mif; u&if
}uD; udak tmifEikd u f “'Dr,f udjk r/ cifAsm;eJ@usaemf yJc;l ±d;k ruwnf;u odc=hJ uwmjzpf
w,f? cifAsm;udk zrf;rdomG ;awmh ‘taozrf;rdjcif;’ vd@k owif;pmxJ xnfv h u
kd wf ,f?
tJ'gujkd y+yD; vufeufcsrvm;/ rcsb;l vm; ar;w,f/ ao&rSma=umuf+yD; cifAsm; vuf
eufcsvu kd wf m r[kwv f m;´” vd@k csuu f sus ar;cJw h ,f?
&rf;jAu J |e;f om; &cdik u f av; udu k jH rifu
h “cifAsm;wd@k [m &efoel @J aygi;f +y;D ,kw, f w
k f
rmrmawG vkycf =hJ uw,f? cifAsm;wd@k vnf; &efoyl ?J awG@&mocsKõ if; "m;rqdik ;f yJ” vd@k
}udr;f cJwh ,f?
&Jabmf atmifxu D “cifAsm;wd@k u usaemfw@kd ukd v$waf y;r,f ajymw,f? 'Dae@
v$w&f if eufzef awmcd+k yD; cifAsm;wd@k ukd wdu k rf ,f” vd@k ajymjyefw,f?
olw@kd wawGuawmh taqmifjyefra&mufbJ wdu k x f aJ &mufuek =f uygw,f?
r=umrD 'kw, d tokwf (30 ausm)f v$waf y;vdu k yf gw,f? Adv k tf ek ;f armif/ OD;cif
82
armifjrift h ygt0if jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwu D &Jabmfrsm;/ ud^k m%f0if;/ udw k ifarmif0if;
nDtud/k xufjruf/ usaemfw@kd tcef;xJu udak X;armif/ ud! k eG @f acgi/f udck ifarmifaZmf
ponfh &JabmfawG vGwo f mG ;ygw,f?
ud^k m%f0if;wd@k nDtpfukd udk olw@kd zcif&@J wynfjh zpfcb hJ ;l wJh rsurf eS f wifO;D u ol
ud,k wf ikd uf m;armif;+yD; tdrw f ikd ,
f ma&muf yd@k ay;w,fqw kd hJ tkw±f ;kd owif;wckvnf;
xGuv f mcJw h ,f?
usaemfw@kd &aJ bmfawGe@J opPmazmuf 3 OD;wd@k xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd +f yD;wJah emuf (vGwf
wJoh l vGwu f ek =f uwJt h xd) olw@kd uakd c:rawG@v@kd &JeaD wG ylpyfyal vmif jzpfvm=uyg
w,f? axmifrLS ;ausmrf if;uwqifh “&Jabmfjr/ udb k cufw@kd e@J awG@yg&ap”vd@k wifjy
=uygw,f? ta=umif;jyef=um;csuu f awmh “cifAsm;wd@k e@J usaemfw@kd bmjy\emrS
r&Sad wmhb;l / r=umcif v$waf y;awmhrmS yg” wJ?h
“r[kwyf gb;l / usaemfw@kd taeeJ@ wjcm;wifjy aqG;aEG;p&mawGvnf;&Sv d @kd c%pDjzpf
jzpf awG@csiyf gw,f” vd@k xyfqifh wifjy=ujyefw,f?
'ga=umifh &Jet D m;vH;k taqmifxu J omru wdu k x f u J &JeaD wGygwaygi;f wnf;
ac:awG@ygw,f? 20 ausmaf vmuf &Syd gr,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfw@kd tcef;xJu &Je}D uD;
wa,muf ygroGm;yg? wem&Davmuf=umrS wacgujf yefac:ygw,f? jzpfyu kH csex f m;
wJuh pd P olw@kd u ar;jref;awmif;qdak wmh bcufu ‘---&J@ nDukd ajymwmr[kwv f m;/
'Daumifu b0ifjrifah ewm/ usaemfw@kd ukd acG;vd@k ajymoGm;wJah umify/J awG@+yD;+yD’ vd@k
ajymrS emrnfww l e,fxo J m;csi;f ygv@kd &Si;f jy&a=umif;/ &Je}D uD; OD;atmif&u jyefajym
jyygw,f?
olw@kd u tcGit hf a&;awG awmif;qdck ahJ =umif;/ pme,fZif;rzwf&vd@k urBm}uD; bm
jzpfaew,fqdkwm rod&a=umif;/ topfwufvmwJh ukvor*~twGif;a&;rSL;opf
yJ&pf'aD uG;vsm; b,fEikd if o H m;rSe;f rod jzpf&a=umif;/ 'ga=umifh pmzwfciG hf ðyzd@k awmif;qdck hJ
a=umif; rdwq f ufay;ygw,f?
bcufw@kd bufu “cifAsm;wd@k q&m}uD; ocifp;kd tif;pdeaf xmifxrJ mS yJ at;at;
aq;aq; pmzwfusr;f ðyaea=umif; oD;oef@ tdru f av;wvH;k eJ@ oD;jcm;xm;wmjzpf
a=umif;/ udk,fhtdrfwHcg;udk,fhpdwfóuduf zGifhcsifzGifh ydwfcsifydwfvdk@&a=umif;/ 'ghtjyif
q&m}u;D u use;f rma&;twGuf tav;r avhusichf ef;awG vkyaf ea=umif;/ axmifxrJ mS
yJ rcifpek @J aemufxyf uav;wa,muf&ae+yDjzpfa=umif;”æ ponfrsm;vnf; yg˜yg
w,f?
83
“cifAsm;wd@k pdwcf svufcsomae v$waf y;zd@k pDpOfaeygw,f”vd@k uwday;vdu k f
a=umif;vnf; æ &Si;f jyygw,f?
ajymwJt h wdik ;f ygy/J 3 vavmuf&adS wmh &JeaD wGtm;vH;k vGwo f mG ;=uygw,f?
taqmifrmS u|e;f jyefqv kd @kd u|eaf wmfw@kd 7 a,mufyJ useyf gawmhw,f? wdu k x f rJ mS
awmh 4-5-6 a,muf useEf ikd af o;w,f? usaemfw@kd ukd vufuseaf wGe@J ra&mbJ xm;
ygw,f? r=umcif txuftcef;rS ausmif;om;&JabmfawGe@J tquftoG,f &vmyg
w,f? olw@kd yaJG wmif;csut f & naerSm jynfo@l toHu oDcsi;f awG/ wjcm;awmfveS af &;
oDcsif;awG u|ef;tmZmenf&Jabmf 8 OD; (aygif; 9 yk'f) oDcsif;awGudk usaemfu
qdjk y&ygw,f? 0g'gawG *sLwDcsed ;f csed f wae@wyk'˜f ESpyf 'k af vmufyJ qdjk ycGi&hf wmyg?
taqmifeyH wf 4 eJ@uyfvsu&f w dS hJ taqmifeyH wf 5 rSmvnf; tusO;f om;rsm;
jynfah eygw,f? 4 aqmiftay:xyf u|e;f jyef&aJ bmfawGe@J 5 aqmiftay:xyf&dS a&$&wk
v_y&f mS ;r_rS xde;f odr;f cHausmif;om;rsm; qufo, G rf cd =hJ u+yD;jzpfw,f? ntcsed f taqmif
4 tay:xyfu|e;f jyefawGrS aq;vdyrf ;D a0S@,rf;tcsujf yr_ukd 5 aqmifu ausmif;om;
rsm; zwfv@kd &oGm;&mu owif;tjyeftvSeyf @kd Eikd cf =hJ uwmjzpfw,f?f
aemuf usaemfw@kd 7 a,mufukd vl&iS ;f xm;wJh 5 aqmifatmufxyfukd a&$@ay;&m
u a&$&wkausmif; om;awGe@J txufatmuf wdu k ±f ukd q f ufo, G rf _ &cJw
h myg?
txufu wufwufºuºG uG qufo, G af &;vkyaf y;aeol ESpOf ;D uawmh ausmif;om;
awGyJjzpf=uwJh udkcifarmif0if;eJ@ udkarmifarmifyg? wa,mufuykyk/ wa,mufu
&Sn&f n S f tdik w
f t D pf twGyJ g?
wcgawmh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o wdu k yf w JG ckurdvmwJh &Jabmfav; wa,muf
ta=umif; od=u&w,f? “,leaD zmif;}uD;eJ@rv d mwm/ tJ'D ,leaD zmif; cktxd ol@qrD mS
&Sq
d ”J æ vd@k tay:xyfu pmwapmifusvmw,f? usaemfw@kd &Jabmftm;vH;k &J@ rsuv f ;kH
awG awmufajymifomG ;=uw,f? “=unfch siv f u kd w
f m”æ vd@k woHwnf; xGuv f m=u
w,f? “=uHprf;ygO;D ”æ vd@k vnf; awmif;qdv k m=uw,f?
aemufwae@nae 0g'gawG&iS ;f cgp oDcsi;f qdjk y+y;D wmeJ@ =urf;cif;ysOu f kd azmufxm;wJh
tayguu f ae uke;f =unfah ewJh tay:xyfu &Jabmfukd orHwvif;ay:rSm vufe@J pma&;
jyvku d w f ,f?
“eufzef a&csK;d qif;&if udw k if0if; (ta&S@ajrmuf)udk P.A ,leaD zmif;0wf+yD; qif;cJh
yg”æ vd@k ?
pOf;pm;om =unf=h uygawmh/ tm;vH;k &J@cpH m;csurf mS pdww f ek v
f y_ wf mu wzuf/
84
=unfE;l &wmuwzuf qif;vmwke;f ,leaD zmif;}uD; qGcJ |wyf pfvu kd rf vm;´ ,leaD zmif;
}uD;eJ@yJ wdu k x f J yd@k vu kd rf vm;´
odk@aomf bmrSrjzpf/ csyfcsyf&yf&yfeJ@ prwfusus 0wfqif;vmwJh &Jabmf[m
(a&rcsK;d rD) a&uefywf+yD; vrf;av#mufvu kd /f use;f rma&;avhusi;f cef; vkyjf yvdu k ef @J
usuo f a& &Sv d ukd yf gb?d
ckwifay:rSm tdyo f vdv k ekd @J =unfo h l vrf;av#muf&if; =unfo h l uG,=f unfo h al wG
tm;vH;k ydwðd yH;ud, k pf eD @J ayg?h
tao;pdwu f tp pdwx f rJ w S af w;xm;=u+yD; olw@kd jyefxu G o f mG ;wmeJ@ pm;ðrH@ jyef
=uawmhw,f? tusu ô s,o f ;D b,fEpS v f ;kH / ta&mifu bm/ ,leaD zmif;tom;u bm
tp/ ta&mifu b,fwyfe@J eD;pyfw,f/ csKyfyu kH b,fvkd æ ponf +rdeaf &&Suaf &
ajymrd=uw,f?
'ge@J r+yD;? naea&mufawmh wcg pma&;jyvdu k wf ,f?
“,leaD zmif;u =u,fo;D wvH;k vdck siw f ,f? csay;vdu k yf g”
usvmwmeJ@tvkt,uf aumufuikd =f unfh vufe@J yw G =f unfh qdw=f unf=h uw,f?
tndKa&mif rsuEf mS jynfh azmif;azmif;av;eJ@ csppf &myg?
'D =u,fo;D av;udk tdref @J tifwmAsL;awG@&pOf &vmcJw h hJ rsuEf mS okww f buf}uD;
tpGe;f rSm tyfe@J w, G cf sKyf xm;vdu k rf yd gw,f?
aemufawmh usaemfw@kd 7 a,mufpvk;H tay:xyf tcef;usO;f wcef;xJy@kd ygw,f?
rlvtcef;}uD;udk 3 ydik ;f ydik ;f xm;wmrd@k vrf;av#mufv@kd raumif;?
'Dtcsed u f OD;Ek&@J tzG@J awG ‘qifjzLawmf’emrnfe@J wjcm;taqmifawGrmS &Sad e+yD
jzpfw,f? ±ky&f iS rf if;om; armifarmifwmvnf;ygw,fv@kd tkw±f ;kd owif;u qdyk gw,f?
r=umcif usaemfw@kd taqmif atmufcef;awGrmS ‘ZlZum ppfqifa&;’eJ@ ukeo f nf
yGJpm;awG a&mufvmjyefw,f? udkatmifabmf OD;av;}uD;wa,muf ygvmygw,f?
jyif;p&m w,fr&Sv d aS wmhyg? rqvacwfrmS Ed@k qcD u G af cguf ac:aep&mrvdk tcsed w f ef
vlawGjynfah ewmcsn;f ygy?J
(6)
rSwrf w
S &f & 1973 ck/ {+yDv 13 &uf
eHeufcif;uwnf;u axmifxrJ mS v_yv f y_ f v_yv
f y_ /f tkwt
f w
k u
f suu
f suf toH
awG =um;ae&ygw,f? o}uFet f óudae@r@kd tvSL&Siaf y:+yD; pm;aumif;aomufz,G rf sm;
85
au|;rvd@k vm;/ r[kwyf g?
r=umcif usaemfw@kd taqmif atmufxyfu ZlZumawG toHus,u f s,af vmif
avmif =um;vm&w,f? wa,muf+yD;wa,muf ac:xkwaf ewmvnf; awG@&w,f?
(a=omf æ vlawGvw $ af ewmud;k ) taqmifae 0g'gawGvnf; jrL;ºuaG eygw,f? ay;xm;/
csex f m;wJh vufuseyf pPn;f awG olw@kd &awmhrmS av?
usaemfu tajctaeawG(txl;ojzifh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktopf)wGufjy+yD;
“usaemfw@kd vnf; ygEikd w f ,f/ bGe;f (Bond) txd;k cdik ;f &if rxd;k =uzd@k ” óudaqG;aEG;xm;
vduk yf gw,f?
12 em&Davmuf&adS wmh tay:xyf&dS ausmif;om;&JabmfawG wa,mufcsi;f vm
ac:ygw,f? olw@kd jzwfomG ;wJt h cg usaemfu pma&;[efjy+yD; (vufrw S rf xd;k =uzd@k ) acgi;f
,rf;jyawmh olw@kd u acgi;f ndwjf y=uw,f?
ae@cif; 3 em&DavmufrmS usaemfu h kd p˜ac:ygw,f? atmufqif; wHcg;r}uD;em;
a&mufrS apmiftyk yf gw,f? wdu k yf ak v; wcka&S@rmS usrS zGiahf y;ygw,f? bcufe@J awG@pOf
u tcef;r[kw/f taygu0f rSm pGyu f s,v f ufjywfe@J Avarmif 'k wyf=uyf wifvæ S
ausmuf±yk }f uD;w±kyv f kd awmifah wmif}h uD; &yfv@kd ?
tcef;xJrmS Adv k }f uD; tqif&h o dS l 2 OD; pm;yGJ ukvm;xdik ef @J tcHo
h m;xdik af e=uw,f?
óudqw kd hJ vuQ%mr&So d vdk w&m;vdk w&m;cH rsuEf mS xm;rsK;d vnf; r[kw?f cHpm;csuf
r&Swd hJ rsuEf mS awGe@J æ?
“xdik Af sm/ tcsed v f nf; r&Sad wmhb;l / cifAsm;udk v$waf y;awmhr,f/ rv$wcf if xH;k pH
twdik ;f vkypf &m&Sw d mav;awG vky=f u&atmif” æ vd@k wa,mufu ajymw,f? usef
wa,mufu usaemfrh suEf mS udk aphaph}uD; pdu k =f unfah ew,f? ('gvm; qdu k u f )kd quf
ajymw,f? “'Dpm&Guaf v; zwf=unfyh gO;D ”
toifch sxm;wJh pm&Guw f &Guu f kd xd;k ay;vmw,f? usaemf uwdu k u f ±du k f ,l
zwfvu kd wf ,f?
1? usaemf axmifuxGu&f if Edik if aH &; rvkyaf wmhyg æ wJ?h csucf si;f jyefay;vdu k +f yD;
olw@kd ukd jyefpu kd =f unfv h ukd rf wd ,f?
“zwf+yD;+yDvm;´” (+yD;+yD)
“jrefvcS snv hf m;´” (eHygwf 1 wcsuef @J vHak vmufygw,f?)
“b,fvv kd ´J ” (cifAsm;wd@k [mu ‘bGe;f ’yJ)
“usaemfw@kd u cifAsm;wd@k vkd vlrsK;d awGukd pdwcf svufcs 'Dtwdik ;f v$wrf ay;&Jb;l
86
av”
(bmyJjzpfjzpf usaemf vufrw S rf xd;k Edik b
f ;l )
“'Dvq kd v
kd nf; oGm;ayOD;awmhayg/h a[h æ q&mwifvS ac:oGm;”
wifvS&J@ w[m;[m; &,foH us,favmifpGm xGufay:vmygw,f? “[m; æ
[m; æ [m; óudu+f yD/ 'Dvakd cgi;f rmwJah umifawG&@J acgi;f awG ±du k cf v JG mcJwh m rsm;+yD/
vmvdu k cf ”hJ
twdck sKyfvu kd &f ifawmh wdu k t f cef;usO;f av;xJ 'vdrahf cguaf uG; a&mufomG ;yg
w,f? ae&mopfr@kd tcef;udk pl;prf;avhvm&if; bmawGjzpfvmOD;rvJ pOf;pm;aerdw,f?
tduk vf u kd wf muvnf; vGeaf &m?
em&D0ufavmuf=umawmh wHcg;zGio hf =H um;&+y;D aemufwa,mufa&mufvmw,f?
aysm&f jyefyg+yD? A.B yJayg?h olu wcGcd dG &,f+yD; ol@jzwfoef;r_ukd rdwq f ufjyygw,f?
“Al;0buf ac:roGm;bJ [dik em 2 aumifqD a&mufomG ;uwnf;u wdu k xf aJ wmh
wef;ae+y/D tjyifrmS ae&oavmuf tcsed q f aJG evdu k Of ;D r,f æ vd@k pOf;pm;&if; olw@kd ay;wJh
pm&Guu f kd pdraf jyeajy zwfaewmayg/h olw@kd usaemfh rsuEf mS &dyrf suu f J rjrif&atmif
pm&Guu f kd ajr‡muf+yD; uG,zf wfxm;w,f?
aemufawmh pdwfxJ ,m;usdusdeJ@ odcsifvmw,f? 'DaumifawG rsufESmtae
txm; b,fvrkd sm;aervJ´ 'ge@J pm&Guu f av;udk tomESrd =hf unfv h ukd af wmh jyL;aewm
yJ? olw@kd rsuv f ;kH awGav? usaemfu uysmu,m pm&Guf jyefu, G w f meJ@ olw@kd u
wjcm;buf rsuv f ;kH jyefvw J$ m wcsed wf nf;avmuf usr,f?
“a[h/ a[h b,fvv kd J zwf+yD;+yDvm;´”
“pOf;pm;&ao;w,fav/ r&Si;f wmvnf; ar;csiaf o;w,f? OD;jrwd@k udb k cufw@kd e@J
awG@wek ;f u usaemfw@kd [m Edik if aH &;orm;awG&@J *% k o f ud mQ udk av;pm;w,f? yxr
tokwv f w$ af y;pOfu b,forl S bGe;f txd;k rcdik ;f cJb h ;l / cifAsm;wd@k ukd v$w&f ifvnf; 'D
twdik ;f yJ/ tjyifa&muf&if avhvm=unfyh g/ R.C wufvm+yD;wJah emuf ajymif;vJw;kd
wufaewmawG cifAsm;wd@k rsu0f g;xifxif jrif&rSmyJw?hJ ygvrD ef 'Dru kd a&pDacwfxuf
omwmawG rkcsawG@&r,f æ wJ?h
ckawmh tjyifrmS jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfw@kd / tnrnwd@k / qd&k , S v f pf 'Dru
kd a&pD
wdk@awmif rjrnf;prf;&ao;bl; ‘bGef;’u xdk;cdkif;aejyef+yD? bmoabmygvdrfhæ
em;rvnfv@kd pOf;pm;aewmyg æ aem”
“uJ æ ud, k v hf l pum;&Snrf aeeJ@/ ‘bGe;f ’ xd;k rvm;/ rxd;k bl;vm; 'gyaJ jym”
87
“[kwu f hJ rxd;k Edik yf gb;l / v$wv f u kd v
f nf; usaemf Edik if aH &; qufvyk rf mS yg”
“aumif;+yD ºuGayawmh ”æ wJ?h
wjznf;jznf;eJ@ wdkufcef;usOf;av;xJ 4 a,muf jzpfoGm;ygw,f? ntdyfzdk@
pOf;pm;=u&jyefyg+y?D wem&D 2 em&Davmuf ac|;wòyu d òf yu d f ,dq
k if;aepOfrmS yJ wHcg;zGio hf H
=um;&jyefw,f?
“vlu jynfah e+y/D aemufxyf b,fEpS af ,muf xd;k xnfOh ;D rvJ rodb;l ”æ udak tmif
abmfh toH?
“tm;vH;k xGu”f qdw k t hJ oHe@J twl 0g'gwa,muf a&mufvmygw,f? aemufawmh
tpGeq f ;kH axmifch ef;a&S@rmS rkwq f wd /f Ekwcf rf;arG;awG wa,muf+yD;wa,muf &dwaf y;yg
w,f? 'Dtxd r,H&k aJ o;?
“axmifajymif;wmrsm;vm;´” wa,muf&@J toH?
usaemfu “r[kwb f ;l v$ww f myJ jzpfr,f” vd@k ,wdjywf tuJjzwfvu kd wf ,f?
wjcm;tcef;awGxu J vufrw S rf xd;k olawGvnf; wokw+f yD;wokwf xGuv f mygw,f?
vl 20 avmuf&rdS ,fxifygw,f? qwWmonf tvkyaf wG vufpowf+yD;wJh aemufrmS
awmh 2 a,mufwwGJ wef;pDcikd ;f ygw,f? t&yferd w hf hJ usaemfe@J udck ifarmif0if;udk a&S@
qH;k ae&mrSmxm;+yD; Al;0qD csw D ufcikd ;f ygw,f? wcsK@d u jynfo@l wyfrawmfocD si;f avc|ef
vd@k ? wcsK@d u wd;k wd;k vdu k q f kd æ vd@k ?
Al;0rSmawmh vl&mcsD+yD; yGJawmf}uD;wckvdk tkef;tkef;u|ufu|uf jzpfaeygw,f?
xdik of xl ikd f æ &yfo&l yfe@J ?
olw@kd u tm;uswt hJ =unfeh @J usaemfw@kd ukd =unfah eygw,f? &Jabmfwa,muf
ajy;xGuv f m+yD; usaemfu h kd óudqykd gw,f? ab;qGx J w k of mG ;+yD; æ
“cifAsm;udk óudwifjyxm;wJt h wdik ;f yJ axmifuxGu&f if Edik if aH &;rvkyaf wmhb;l ?
woufwm &nfreS ;f csujf zpfwhJ aq;ausmif;udjk yefwuf+yD; q&m0efjzpfatmif vkyrf ,f
qdw k m/ olw@kd vufrw S t f xd;k cdik ;f awmh cifAsm;wd@k cdik ;f vd@k r[kwb f ;l / usaemfu,kd w f ikd uf
qH;k jzwfxm;+yD;jzpfv@kd y/J atmufrmS ygwhJ tcsuaf wG (Edik if aH &;vkyzf @kd ud, k u
f vnf; ol
wyg;udk rqGaJ qmifyg/ vmqGaJ qmifwo hJ &l &dS ifvnf; owif;ay;ygr,f æ ponf pkpak ygi;f
5 csuf &S)d vufrw S f rxd;k Edik b f ;l ? eHygwf 1 tcsuyf J xd;k Edik rf ,f? ajym+yD;xd;k cJw h myJ”æ
vd@k ajymygw,f?
trSeyf J ol[m atmifjrifwhJ q&m0efjzpfomG ;+yD; &JabmfawGukd ulnpD &m&Su d n l D
w,f/ aiGa=u;tm;jzifhvnf; axmufyHhw,f? &efoludk tvkyftaºuG;ðywJh vkyfief;
88
cktxd rvkyb f ;l æ vd@k od&w,f?
wdu k x f u J xGuv f mwJh u|e;f jyef&aJ bmfawGu aemufq;kH tpGerf mS 0dik ;f xdik v f u
kd f
=uw,f? csucf si;f vdyk J r¾myftwGi;f ydik ;f pifjrifah v;rSm rsurf eS f wifO;D u rde@f ceG ;f ay;yg
w,f? wcsK@d u wifO;D udk ausmay;vsu/f wcsK@d u ab;apmif;/ wcsK@d u rsuEf mS csi;f qdik /f
'gayr,fh b,forl S ol@pum;em;raxmif?
tawG@tñuH zvS,o f l zvS,/f vdypf mawmif;ol awmif;/ a&S@tquftoG,f
udpP æ ponfawGe@J tvky±f y_ af e=uw,f? ref;+ird ;f armifu u|e;f uxGuaf jy;wJh olw@kd &@J
pGe@f pm;cef;awG rdwq f ufjyvd@k w0g;0g; &,f=u&ygao;w,f? 0g'gawGuawmh rsuaf pmif;
wcJcJ jzpfae=u+yD?
&JabmfawG cG=J u&OD;awmhr,f? &Jabmf atmifxu D usaemfu h kd pdu
k =f unfah e+yD;
rajymrqdk vnfyif;rSmywfxm;wJh wbuf}uD;udk ðAef;ceJ qG, J vl ukd yf gw,f? “txdr;f
trSwv f ufaqmiftjzpf usaemfu h kd ay;vdu k yf g”æ wJ?h
“[/ [ aeOD; æ c%jyefay;prf;yg”ajym+yD; udw k if0if;qDu&xm;wJh P.A ,leD
azmif;=u,fo;D av;udk ðzwf,x l m;vdu k rf yd gw,f? (usq;kH oGm;&Sm+yDjzpfwhJ &Jabmf&,f
'Dvrkd eS ;f od&if ay;vdu k yf g&@J )
wifOD; rdef@cGef;a¹cG+yD;wJhaemuf e,fjyefr,fholawGudk &xm;vufrSwf/ oabFm
vufrw S /f c&D;p&dwaf wG xkwaf y;ygw,f? &efuek òf rd@xJ oGm;r,fo h al wGuakd wmh eD;&m
&yfuu G v f u kd pf +k yD; um;awGe@J vdu k yf @kd ay;ygw,f? A.B u ol@ro d m;pkawGaewJh &efuif;
wduk w f ef; jyefr,f? udak tmifxu D udu k jH rifeh @J vdu
k o
f mG ;+y?D usaemfu òr@d ukd rjyefcsiaf o;?
vGwo f mG ;ESiw hf hJ &JabmfawGe@J awG@omG ;csiaf o;w,f? u&if}u;D udak tmifEikd u f “usaemfh
rdom;pkupd aP wG ajz&Si;f &OD;r,f/ &efuek rf mS c%ae ajz&Si;f +yD;rS ae&yfjyefr,f? aemuf
vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; qif;r,f æ ajymygw,f? usaemf em;vnfvu kd yf gw,f?
ol@ZeD;u aemuftrd af xmif ðyxm;+yD;+yD? uav;awG&atmifawmif;+yD; ol@rb d tdrf
jyefxm;zd@k pw d u f ;l a=umif;/ usaemfu h kd ajymxm;cJzh ;l ygw,f? (ajymwJt h wdik ;f vufeuf
udik af wmfveS af &; qif;oGm;+yD; jrpf0u|e;f ay:rSmyJ usq;kH oGm;cJyh gw,f)
“udik ;f æ 'Dvq kd kd ck b,fomG ;rvJ/ b,fo@l qo D mG ;=u&if aumif;rvJ”
“Adv k t f ek ;f armifu rSmxm;wm&Sw d ,f? vGww f t hJ cg ol@trd 0f ifygO;D ajymw,f”
Al;0rSm usaemfah iG vufuse&f adS o;wmrd@k oGm;xkw+f yD;wmeJ@ awmifOuUvmybuf
xGurf ,fu h m;ay: wufvu kd =f uygw,f?
udu k ;kd u|e;f wdu k yf eGJ @J ywfouf+yD; a&;Edik o f l aygi;f pyfEikd of al wG trsm;}uD; useyf gao;
89
w,f? 'gayr,fh trsm;pku 'Dru kd a&pDqw d o f Ok ;f wJah e&mrSm &Sad e=uw,f? olw@kd uawmh
u|e;f &JabmfawGe@J u|e;f rSm twlaecJh wdu k yf 0JG ifc=hJ uwJh r[mrdwaf wGyg? olw@kd a&;Edik f
vmwJh wae@rmS 'D yef;csu D m;csy}f uD; tawmftwef jynhpf o kH mG ;Edik yf gw,f?
a&;Edik rf ,fw
h ae@ukd apmifóh ud=uygp@kd ? ?
“igw@kd em;rS ol&aJ umif;rsm; ”
· ygw&D v
dS #if - zl;cspf &So d nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - AufoeG ;f &So d nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - vsL;[lvef; &So d nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - Aefx&GKd if; &So
d nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - ol&aJ umif; &So d nf?
ol&yfo@l ajr
ol@XmaerS ol&aJ umif;rsm;? ?
· ygw&D v
Sd #if - oef;xGe;f &So d nf?
ygw&D v Sd #if - A[de;f &do S nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - boif &So d nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - aX;vS &So d nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - ol&aJ umif;&So d nf?
ig@&yf ig@ajr
ig@XmaerS ol&aJ umif;rsm;? ?
· onf&yfonfajr - onfXmaerl
onfvo kd &l aJ umif; - &Sm;bdawmif[k
(atmuf)atmufarhrcd hJ
owdrrl *lrjrifc?hJ ?
'Dae@umv
90
usvmwm0ef - vGeaf usyeG . f ?
toufpeG @f rnf - pdwu f &nf.?
ygw,D rHk w
S f - touftyf.
'D&yf'Dajr
'DXmaerS ol&aJ umif;rsm;? ?
· igoyd g+yD
ygw&D v dS #if - ol&aJ umif; &Sod nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - ode;f =unf &do S nf?
ygw&D v dS #if - 8 a,muf&o dS nf?
'Du|e;f 'Dajr
'DXmaerS ol&aJ umif;rsm; ? ?
&Jabmf atmif+idr;f
ÐÐÐÐ
91
92

စစ္အုပ္စု သက္တမ္းရွည္ေနသေရြ႕ (ကိုကိုးကၽြန္း ေထာင္ဝတၳဳ)

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

စစ္အုပ္စု သက္တမ္းရွည္ေနသေရြ႕ (ကိုကိုးကၽြန္း ေထာင္ဝတၳဳ)

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

ppftyk pf k oufwrf;&Snaf eoa&$Œ

&Jabmf zd;k oHacsmif;

ppftyk pf k oufwrf;&Snaf eoa&GŒ

(1) jynfawmf!eG @f oabFm

'kw, d ywf 8 &ufajrmufae@

&uf 40 wdu k yf JG +yD;cJ+h yD

óudwifwu G cf surf r_ sm;

wdu k yf pJG +yD

1971 ck ZGev f 9 &ufae@ jzpfw,f?

wdu k yf tJG aetxm;

wdu k yf 0JG if&aJ bmfawGuawmh æ

2? &Jabmf tH;k armf (yxr tokw)f

wduk yf w JG u kd wf mvnf; 48 &uf&cdS +hJ yD/ &efo@l bufuvnf; aemufxyf xl;jcm;wJh

4? &Jabmf xGe;f jrifh ('kw, d tokw)f

5? &Jabmf pdecf si;f ('kw, d tokw)f

6? &Jabmf armifarmifp;kd (udv k wf) yxr tokw0f if

7? &Jabmf av;armif (wwd,okw)f

jynfo@l ol&aJ umif;rsm;

rsu&f nfrsm;eJ@ Ekwq f ufc=hJ ujcif;

ae&mu tif;pdeaf xmif taqmif 4

“igw@kd em;rS ol&aJ umif;rsm; ”

Potrebbero piacerti anche