Calorimetric

Aim
The aim of this experiment is to determine or quantify the amount of heat energy involved during
reactions or mixing of two compounds by measuring the temperature difference.
Method
Method from the CEM2007F practical manual was followed with no alterations.
Results and Calculations
Table 1: Results part A
Temperature (C)
Tc
TH
Tn
19.8
34.5
26.7

Properties
Density (g/ml)
specific heat (J/g*C)
molar mass (g/mol)

Methanol
0.7915
2.5150
32.033

Water
0.998
4.184
18.016

From equation below water equivalence (Z) was obtained to be 48.18 J/OC
*(mass of component) x (specific heat) x (T)+ = 0
Part B : Heat Neutralization
Table 2: results from part B
Before Mixing
Time(s) Temperature(C)
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
-2.50

22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0

After mixing
Time(s) Temperature(C)
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50

24.3
24.3
24.3
24.3
24.3
24.3

Graph 1:

Temperature vs Time plot (Heat Neutralization)

Temperature ( C)

24.5
24.0

y = -2E-14x + 24.3

23.5
23.0
y = 22
R = #N/A

22.5
22.0
21.5

-3.00

-2.00

-1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Time (minutes)

Using equation below and the value obtained from part A together with the graph, heat of
neutralization was obtained.
*(soln mass) x (spec. heat) + (calorimeter const)+ x T = Q
H = Q/M = 0.922 KJ/mol where M is the total number of moles
Part C: Heat of Mixing
Table 3: data collected

vol of H2O ~100

Before
Time Temperature
(min)
(C)

Time
(min)

After
Temperature
(C)

-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
-2.50
-3.00

3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00

27.1
27
26.8
26.7
26.5
26.4

20.7
20.8
20.8
20.8
20.9
21.0

vol of H20 ~ 75
Before
Time Temperature(
(min)
C)

Time
(min)

After
Temperature
(C)

-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
-2.50
-3.00

3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00

26.8
26.6
26.4
26.2
26.2
26.1

21.5
21.7
21.8
21.9
21.9
22.0

Vol of H2O~50
Before
Time Temperature
(min)
(C)
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
-3.0

Time
(min)

After
Temperature
(C)

3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0

29.8
29.5
29.3
29.1
28.9
28.8

20.9
20.9
20.9
21.0
21.1
21.1

Vol of H2O~25 and 100

Before

-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
-3.0

21.5
21.7
21.8
21.9
21.9
22.0

Time
(min)

After
Temperature
(C)

3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0

26.8
26.6
26.4
26.2
26.2
26.1

After

Time(min) Temperature(C)
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3

Vol of H20~25 and 75

Before
Time Temperature(
(min)
C)

Time(min)

Temperature(C)

3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6

26.9
26.7
26.5
26.4
26.3
26.1

21.1
21.2
21.2
21.3
21.5
21.5

Graph 2: Mixture as per 100 cm3 of H2O

Temperature vs time plot

Temperature (C)

30
25

y = -0.2914x + 28.134
R = 0.9909

20
y = -0.1029x + 20.653
R = 0.8679

15
10
5
0

-4.00

-3.00

-2.00

-1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

time (s)

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Graph 3: Mixture as per 75 cm3 of H2O

Temperature (C)

Temperature and time plot

-4.00

30
25
20
y = -0.1829x + 21.48 15
10
5
0
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00

y = -0.28x + 27.713

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

time (minutes)

Graph 4: Mixture as per 50 cm3 of H2O

Temperature (C)

Temperature vs time plot

-4

y = -0.0971x + 20.813

-3

-2

-1

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

y = -0.4x + 31.133

Time (minutes)

Graph 5: Mixture as per 25 cm3 of H2O and 75 cm3 of methanol

Temperature (C)

Temperature vs time plot

-4

30
25
20
y = -0.1829x + 21.48
15
10
5
0
-3
-2
-1
0

y = -0.28x + 27.713

time(minutes)

Graph 6: Mixture as per 25 cm3 of H2O and 100 cm3 of methanol

Temperature (C)

Temperature vs time plot

-4

y = -0.1714x + 21

-3

-2

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

y = -0.3029x + 27.922

-1

time (minutes)

Mixtures volume
as per
of
vol of
CH4OH
H2O
cm3
100
75
50
25
25

25
25
50
75
100

mass of
CH4OH
(g)

moles
CH4OH
(mol)

19.8
19.8
39.6
59.4
79.2

0.62
0.62
1.24
1.85
2.47

mass moles
of
H2O
H2O(g) (mol)
99.8
74.9
49.9
25.0
25.0

5.54
4.15
2.77
1.38
1.38

Total
moles
(mol)

T(C)

mixing
H
(kJ/mol)

X(H2O)

6.16
4.77
4.01
3.24
3.86

7.48
6.23
10.32
6.23
6.92

0.98
0.84
1.56
1.10
1.26

0.900
0.871
0.692
0.428
0.359

Graph 7: Enthalpy plots for A and B

H/*x(1-x)] vs (1-2x)
H/*x(1-x)]

15.00

-1.000

y = -4.1925x + 5.8648
R = 0.7321

10.00
5.00

-0.800

-0.600

-0.400

0.00
-0.200
0.000

(1 - 2x)

A = 5.86 and B = -4.19

0.200

0.400

Graph 8: Enthalpy against mol fraction of water

H (KJ/mol)

Enthalpy vs mol fraction of water

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2 0

y = -5.3836x2 + 5.7341x - 0.0778

0.2

0.4

0.6
X(water)

0.8

1.2

Discussion and Conclusion

The water equivalence obtained or calculated in part A is 48.18 J/C.
Heat of Neutralization between NaOH and HCl was obtained as 0.922 KJ/mol.
Heat of mixing plot against mol fraction of water gave a curve with a maximum. This gave an
Implication that heat of mixing is at the peak with equal amounts between solvents and solute.
Using linearity, values of A = 5.86, B = -4.19 was obtained from graph 7. This agree with theory
that A and B have opposite signs and have approximately the same magnitude.
References:
CEM2007 practical manual
CRC Handbook