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Bayfield Ventures Corp. 43
Burns Block NI 43-101 Compliant Technical Report January 2014
11. 2. 2 BAYFI ELD
Bayfield historically relied upon the use of standard reference samples, and
laboratory sample repeats analyzed in the course of the laboratory's internal quality
control program. Riverbend compared the original samples with the sample repeats.
Samples that originally assayed greater than 5000 ppb, the upper detection limit,
were excluded.
Figure 11-2 Bayfield laboratory repeat assays
The repeat sampling program revealed excellent correlation for all samples less than
2000 ppb Au (2 g/t). Above 2000 ppb there appeared to by a positive systemic bias
for the repeat samples.
Bayfield recently re-sampled 163 intervals and submitted them to ALS laboratory in
Thunder Bay, ON. The duplicate samples consisted of the coarse crushed reject
from previous sampling programs, that Bayfield had stored near the project site.
Most ALS Geochemistry laboratories are registered or are pending registration to
ISO 9001:2008, and a number of analytical facilities have received ISO 17025
accreditations for specific laboratory procedures. The duplicate sample program
compared favorably with the original assay values that were obtained from TSL
Laboratories and ACT Laboratories.
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Figure 11-3 Bayfield duplicate sample program results
Bayfield relied extensively on the use of certified reference materials to monitor
laboratory performance. A standard was inserted into the sample stream at the core
logging facility at a rate of about 1 standard per 30 samples. Over the project life a
number of standards have been used, based on their commercial availability. The
standards were all provided by Ore Research and Exploration Pty Ltd (Oreas) of
Australia, a well known supplier of certified reference materials.
The performance of the laboratories with the standards was up to industry standards
on most occasions.
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Figure 11-4 Standard OREAS 2Pb performance
The small number of samples submitted makes analysis questionable, but the
laboratory appears to have handled this standard well.
Figure 11-5 Standard OREAS 4Pb performance
The small number of samples submitted makes analysis questionable, but the
laboratory appears to have handled this standard well.
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Burns Block NI 43-101 Compliant Technical Report January 2014
Figure 11-6 Standard OREAS 5Pb performance
This Standard displayed good precision and accuracy, the laboratory appears to
have handled this standard well.
Figure 11-7 Standard OREAS 6Pc performance
The small number of samples submitted makes analysis questionable, but the
laboratory appears to have handled this standard well.
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Burns Block NI 43-101 Compliant Technical Report January 2014
Figure 11-8 Standard OREAS 15d performance
This Standard displayed industry standard precision and good accuracy, the
laboratory appears to have handled this standard well.
Figure 11-9 Standard OREAS 15g performance
Good precision and reasonable accuracy, the laboratory appears to have handled
this standard well.
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Bayfield Ventures Corp. 48
Burns Block NI 43-101 Compliant Technical Report January 2014
Figure 11-10 Standard OREAS 15h performance
This Standard displayed good precision and reasonably accurate.
Figure 11-11 Standard OREAS 15f performance
This Standard displayed good precision and accuracy.
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Burns Block NI 43-101 Compliant Technical Report January 2014
Figure 11-12 Standard OREAS 16a performance
This Standard displayed industry typical precision with good accuracy.
Figure 11-13 Standard OREAS 52Pb performance
This Standard displayed industry typical precision with very high accuracy, but more
samples are needed.
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Burns Block NI 43-101 Compliant Technical Report January 2014
Figure 11-14 Standard OREAS 53Pb performance
The small number of samples submitted makes analysis questionable, but precision
appears to be poor.
Figure 11-15 Standard OREAS 60b performance
There are a higher than expected number of outliers, but this standard displays
industry standard precision with very high accuracy.
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Figure 11-16 Standard OREAS 61d performance
This Standard displayed good precision with very high accuracy.
Figure 11-17 Standard OREAS H3 performance
The small number of This Standard displayed industry typical precision with
reasonable accuracy.
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Bayfield Ventures Corp. 52
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Riverbend is satisfied that the assay laboratories used by Bayfield have accurately
analyzed the gold content of the samples.
11.3 SECURI T Y
The core was transported from the drill to the logging facility by Bayfield personnel.
The logging facility consist of a number of trailers and core racks on an isolated site.
After geological logging of the core it is transferred to the cutting room, where it is
sawn in half. The technician then collects the samples for each marked interval and
placing the half core in standard plastic sample bags. A unique sample tag is
included in the bag with each sample. The sample number is also written on the
outside of the plastic sample bag. The plastic sample bags are bundled together in
large woven polyethylene sacks (rice bags) which are sealed at the camp site. The
samples are taken to Fort Francis by Bayfield personnel, where they are picked up
by commercial carrier (Manitoulin) for transport to the assay lab in Thunder Bay, ON.
Riverbend's opinion is that the security of the samples is adequate, and there is little
opportunity for tampering.
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1 2 . 0 D A T A V E R I F I C A T I O N
The drill core from the 2010 thru 2012 drill programs was reviewed as part of the site
visit. Assays from drilling that preceded the 2010 program could not be verified, as
drill core from earlier periods was not available. These earlier holes were drilled
north of the deposit, and were not used in preparing the resource estimate.
Mr. Cliff Duke, P.Eng., visited the Burns Block Property on June 13, 2013. The
purpose of the visit was to fulfil the obligations required under NI 43-101. Mr. Duke
toured the property and visited the drill sites of some of the diamond drill holes. He
reviewed the core logging and sampling process with Bob Marvin, and was given the
opportunity to review the rock types and style of mineralization presented in the drill
core
A series of 19 samples of half sawn previously sampled drill core were collected and
submitted to Activation Laboratories Ltd. ("Actlabs") at 1201 Walsh St. West in
Thunder Bay, ON. The Thunder Bay Actlabs is individually certified by the Standards
Council of Canada to conform to the standards within ISO/IEC 17025:2005, and is
wholly independent of Bayfield.
Actlabs analyzed the samples using a fire assay-gravity finish method, in which a 30
g sample is mixed with silver free fire assay fluxes (borax, soda ash, silica, litharge).
"The mixture is placed in a fire clay crucible, the mixture is preheated at 850C,
intermediate 950C and finish 1060C, the entire fusion process should last 60
minutes. The crucibles are then removed from the assay furnace and the molten slag
(lighter material) is carefully poured from the crucible into a mould, leaving a lead
button at the base of the mould. The lead button is then placed in a preheated cupel
which absorbs the lead when cupelled at 950C to recover the Ag (dor bead) + Au.
The cupellation of bead is controlled in the final point by the volatile of the silver. The
Ag bead is weighed and Ag value calculated from the weight. Au is separated from
the Ag in the dor bead by parting with nitric acid. The gold (roasting) flake remaining
is weighed gravimetrically on a micro balance for Au." (Actlabs website
http://www.actlabs.com/page.aspx?page=477&app=226&cat1=549&tp=12&lk=no&m
enu=64)
Precious metal deposits typically have an inherit variability, as the gold and silver are
distributed as discrete grains. Getting one grain more, or one less, in a sample can
significantly change the grade. Statistically speaking, this "nugget effect" error
should be the same for two groups of samples taken from the same area of the
deposit. This effect shows up as the dispersion of the points from the regression
line, and is reflected by the R
2
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Figure 12-1 Duplicate core samples collected by Riverbend vs. original assays
The Actlab results are compared to the original assay values in the Bayfield
database in the attached regression curve. Riverbend was careful to collect a series
of samples across the entire grade range of the deposit. There is reasonable
agreement between the 2 sample sets, with the sample duplicates in general
displaying a lower grade. This may be due to the small sample population, or the
difference in assaying methods (between the two labs) of the high grade samples.
The re-sampling program indicates that gold is present on the Burns Block property,
and that higher and lower grade sections have been correctly identified.
Riverbend has reviewed Bayfield's data and accepts the results are adequate for
resource estimation.
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1 3 . 0 M I N E R A L P R O C E S S I N G &
M E T A L U R G I C A L T E S T I N G
Bayfield has not carried out any metallurgical work on their property. The
immediately adjacent Rainy River property has done significant metallurgical test
work that indicates gold and silver can be successfully recovered by standard milling
practices.
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1 4 . 0 M I N E R A L R E S O U R C E E S T I M A T E S
Riverbend conducted a Mineral Resource estimate of the gold mineralization on
Bayfields Burns Block. The estimation was completed for gold and silver on the
Burns Block using data from recent drilling.
Gemcom Software's GEMS Version 6.5 was used for the resource estimate. Bayfield
provided the data in digital files. The data was delivered in June 2013. The digital
data consisted of diamond drill hole logs containing collar locations, down hole
surveys, lithology and assay data.
14.1 DEF I NI T I ONS
The classification of mineral resources and mineral reserves used in this report
conforms with the definitions standards provided in the final version of National
Instrument 43-101 ("NI 43-101"), which came into effect on February 1, 2001, as
revised on December 11, 2005. The Definitions Standards includes further changes
to maintain compatibility with the new version of National Instrument 43-101, effective
June 30, 2011. We further confirm that, in arriving at our classification, we have
followed the guidelines and standards by the Canadian Institute of Mining Metallurgy
and Petroleum ("CIM") Council adopted on November 27, 2010. The relevant
definitions for the CIM Standards/NI 43-101 are as follows:
A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of diamonds, natural
solid inorganic, or natural solid fossilized organic material including base
and precious metals, coal, and industrial minerals in or on the Earth's
crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has
reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity,
grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are
known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and
knowledge.
An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource
for which
quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological
evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified,
geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited
information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from
locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.
An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource
for which
quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics,
can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the
appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support
mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The
estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing
information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such
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as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced
closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably
assumed.
A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource
for which
quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, and physical characteristics
are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence
sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic
parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the
economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and
reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through
appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits,
workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both
geological and grade continuity.
A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured or
Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary
Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on
mining, processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors
that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be
justified. A Mineral Reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for
losses that may occur when the material is mined.
A Probable Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of an
Indicated and, in some circumstances, a Measured Mineral Resource
demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must
include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical,
economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of
reporting, that economic extraction can be justified.
A Proven Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured
Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study.
This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing,
metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at
the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified.
14.2 EXPL ORAT ORY DAT A ANAL YSI S
Exploratory data analysis ("EDA") is the application of statistical tools to elucidate
characteristics of the data, such as the shape of the relative frequency distribution
and cumulative frequency distributions, as shown on histograms and probability
plots, and statistics such as the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.
The coefficient of variation ("CV") is the standard deviation divided by the mean. This
is a useful tool to measure the relative dispersion of a distribution. A coefficient of
variation which is less than one generally depicts syngenetic deposits, whereas a CV
of one to two are typical of hydrothermal processes. The presence of "bonanza"
high-grade shoots or veins may cause the CV to reach three. Where the CV is
greater than three, the mixture of two or more distinct ore-forming processes (or
mineralization) can often be identified.
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Identification of the spatial continuity by means of variography is an EDA tool, which
is later used to perform kriging. Variography is used as part of the kriging
parameters allowing the software to assign weights to the sample points. Kriging
weights are estimated based on spatial autocorrelation between sample points.
Kriging is typically used for spatial prediction where the data are expected to follow a
trend varying in both mean (expected value), and variance by location.
In general, variography is done on composite-sized volumes, which are nominally of
equal length. This is because the variance of a distribution is inversely proportional to
the volume of sample used. Use of unequal length composites can distort the
frequency distributions and make variography very noisy.
14. 2. 1 ASSAYS
A total of 33,625 assay intervals from 328 drill holes were used to define the zone of
mineralization on the deposit. Of these, 23,546 sample intervals were assayed as
equal to or greater than 0.01 g/t Au. Of these, 21,390 samples were 1.5m long or
less. This was the data set that was used to describe the sample population. Data
analysis was conducted by creating probability and histogram plots of the data. The
probability plot exhibits a lognormal population, defined by a straight line on the
cumulative probability curve.
The CV for the gold assay data set is 13.2, indicating that the grade variability within
the sample population is very high. Further study showed that the CV for samples
inside the wireframes was 6.7. This is high, even for a hydrothermal quartz vein
hosted deposit. The mean assay value was 0.42 g/t, above the median of the assay
values, 0.06 g/t. This is typical for this style of deposit, where a few high grade
samples can have a large effect on the sample population distribution.
The CV for the silver assays is 8.0, indicating that the grade variability within the
sample population is also very high. This is high, even for a hydrothermal quartz vein
hosted deposit. The mean assay value was 4.4 g/t, above the median of the assay
values, 0.9 g/t. This is typical for this style of deposit, where a few high grade
samples can have a large effect on the sample population distribution.
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Figure 14-1 Sample Au assay population descriptive statistics
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Figure 14-2 Sample Ag assay population descriptive statistics
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14.3 BUL K DENSI T Y
There were 444 density measurements taken from the drill core recovered from the
property. The density measurements displayed a distinct bi-modal distribution,
centered around 2.8 and 3.0 T/m
3
. Comparison with the drill logs shows that the
high density cluster is due to the more mafic units on the property. Mineralization
usually occurs in quartz veins within the Dacite units, so Riverbend has elected to
use the median value of 2.77 T/m
3
(All Dacite units) in the resource estimate.
Figure 14-3 Core density measurement descriptive statistics
14.4 GEOL OGI CAL I NT ERPRET AT I ON
The Burns Block has been interpreted as the product of late mesothermal gold-silver
mineralization of an early volcanogenic sulfide rich mineralized zone. The rocks
hosting the deposit appear similar on both sides of the deposit, so geological
modelling was limited to defining of the mineralized zones. As with most shear
zones there are small splays that extend from the main shear. These were not
modelled.
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Riverbend defined a series of north-south vertical sections across the deposit on
15m spacing, which approximated the spacing and primary orientation of the drill
holes. Rings constraining the mineralized rock were digitized on the sections where
drilling was present. A series of plan views were defined at 50m intervals, and a
second set of rings was digitized to join the vertical sections. The rings were edited
as required to form a 3D wireframe, deemed geometrically correct by GEMS.
A surface representing the top of the bedrock was created from the diamond drill
hole data. The point where the bottom of the overburden was encountered in each
surface drill hole was used to create a best fit surface. The mineralized wireframes
were truncated at this surface.
14.5 SPAT I AL ANAL YSI S
14. 5. 1 CAPPI NG
When frequency distributions are skewed, a very small number or proportion of
samples may represent a large amount of the contained metal in the resource.
Frequently these samples may be scattered through the deposit and not restricted to
spatially identifiable or continuous zones. Sometimes small clusters of high-grade
mineralization may be present, and it may or may not be possible or practical to
restrict their influence. Other times the very high-grade samples may be the result of
laboratory errors; pulps sometimes segregate high specific gravity materials like
electrum or pyrite and may produce biased results if the pulps are not re-
homogenized prior to aliquot selection for analysis.
Even when the assays are valid, linear interpolation (weighted average) grade
estimation methods can be adversely affected. When these methods are used, the
inclusion of a high-grade sample will have a greater influence on the estimate than a
lower grade sample. This can lead to undue projection (or smearing) of the effect of
high-grade material into areas for which there is no evidence in hand that the high-
grade material continues to occur. Under such circumstances, restriction of the
influence of the higher grade material is mandatory.
Riverbend carried out a decile analysis of the data. Typically in a decile analysis
capping is warranted if the last decile has more than 40% of metal, or the last decile
contains more than 2.3 times the metal quantity contained in the one before last, or
the last centile contains more than 10% of metal, or the last centile contains more
than 1.75 times the metal quantity contained in the one before last.
On the basis of a review of probability and histogram plots, and the results of decile
analysis, Riverbend concluded that there is reasonable justification for capping the
gold values at 100 g/t, and the silver values at 800 g/t. This capping limit affects 9
Au assays and 13 Ag assays. Decile analysis suggested that capping was
warranted, and cumulative probability plots showed that the sample population
continuity began to break up and drift away from the trend line as values exceeded
the capping limits. Details of the capping study can be found in the appendices.
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Silver assays were left uncapped, as the upper analytical limit has altered the upper
ranges of the probability plot, and artificially imposed a 100 g/t limit on most of the
sample population.
14. 5. 2 COMPOSI TES
In conversation with Bayfield personnel, it was revealed that the early sampling
practice of "chip sampling" long sections of core outside the mineralized zone had
been discontinued. Many of these early chip samples were anomalous in length (up
to 16.9m). As a result, all samples longer than 1.5m have been removed from the
sample length analysis. The very long sample adversely affected the core length
statistics.
The sample length distribution histogram shows two strong peaks, at 1.0 and 1.5 m.
Based on this information 1.0 m composites were created. Riverbend was
concerned that, given the nugget nature of the deposit, longer composites would
smooth the data excessively.
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Figure 14-4 Core sample lengths
Assays were composited into 1.0 m down hole lengths honouring the interpreted
geological solids. No composites were generated outside the 3D wireframe. Zero
grades were composited if the intervals within the solids were not sampled.
Commonly the compositing of down hole assays results in a fractional length for the
last sample in a given hole. Composite remnants, which are composites less than
1.0 m in length, are unavoidable if the hard geological boundaries are to be honored.
Riverbend did not use composites less than 0.25m long in estimating the grade.
Riverbend compared the composited values to the original assay values that were
inside the wireframes by a visual comparison of the two populations. Very little
difference between the two populations was noted. Riverbend concludes that using
1m long composites will not over smooth the resource estimate.
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Figure 14-5 Comparison of composite grades with sample grades inside the
wireframe
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14. 5. 3 VARI OGRAPHY
Identification of the spatial continuity within a deposit is by means of variography,
which is later used to perform kriging. Variography is used as part of the kriging
parameters allowing the software to assign weights to the sample points, based on
their direction and distance from the block being estimated. Kriging weights are
estimated based on spatial autocorrelation between sample points. Kriging is
typically used for spatial prediction where the data are expected to follow a trend
varying in both mean (expected value), and variance by location. In general,
variography is done on composite-sized volumes, which are nominally of equal
length.
Riverbend generated the variogram for the Burns Block deposit using SAGE2001, a
software package specifically designed to generate models of three dimensional
spatial continuity. A down hole variogram was first generated to establish the nugget
effect, or short range sample variability. The nugget was set as a fixed value, and a
correlogram for the deposit was generated. Correlograms measure the statistical
correlation between data points, as opposed to the variation measured in variograms.
As such, correlograms have a range of 1 (no correlation) and the structures of the
correlogram are described as fractions of the range.
Figure 14-6 Correlogram parameters used for resource estimation
Correlograms were first generated for each lens independently. Some lenses had
insufficient samples to generate meaningful correlograms. Riverbend elected to use
a global correlogram for all the zones, as many of the individual zones generated
similar correlograms. Individual correlograms were generated for gold and silver.
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The correlograms parameters generated for the Burns Block that were used to
estimate the deposit are listed below. Full details are in the appendices.
The Burns Block correlograms both displayed moderate nugget effect, and good
short range support. The correlograms indicate that there is little long range
continuity of grade through the deposit, and close spaced drilling will be needed.
The first structure carries the most influence of the variogram. Short ranges (less
than the block size) have the effect of making all the samples appear to be equally
distant.
14.6 RESOURCE BL OCK MODEL
A block model was generated in GEMS using a 5 m x 5 m x 5 m block size. The
block model was oriented north-south to approximate the strike direction of the
deposit. GEMS defines the block model origin using a minimum X, minimum Y, and
maximum Z format.
The following parameters were used in the definition of the block model in GEMS:
Number of Blocks
o Columns: 168
o Rows: 87
o Levels: 180
Origin and Rotation
o X: 426340
o Y: 5409327.7
o Z: 400
o Rotation: none
Within the block model, folders were set-up for Rock Type, Density, Percent, Au, Ag
and Au-ID.
The Rock Type folder was updated so that any block touching the wireframe was
given the Rock Type code of the wireframe. The wireframe had been truncated at
the bedrock surface, and no further modelling above the bedrock surface was done.
The Percent model folder contains values that represent the percentage of the block
that is inside the wireframe. The percent model is used, along with the density
model, to estimate the tonnage of the mineralization within a block.
The Au and Ag folders contains the grade estimate using ordinary kriging ("OK"),
while the Au-ID folder contains the grade estimate using an inverse distance method
("ID").
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14.7 I NT ERPOL AT I ON PL AN
Riverbend estimated the resource in the Burns Block using Ordinary Kriging (OK),
and checked the results using an Inverse Distance Squared (ID) method. The
estimations were designed as a three pass system. The first pass estimated a block
only if a minimum of three drill hole composites were found within a restrictive search
ellipsoid approximately equal to the block size. This first pass was intended to assign
grades to those blocks that were penetrated by, or immediately adjacent to diamond
drill holes. The second pass allowed a block to be interpolated if it was not
interpolated during the first pass, and if a minimum of three drill hole composites from
two different drill holes were found within a search ellipsoid approximately equal to
the correlogram range. The third pass looked for at least two composites within a
large search radius, and was intended to populate those areas of the model that
were within the wireframe, but more distant from any diamond drill holes. The search
ellipse was shaped as a flat disk, oriented to be parallel to the deposit. Table 3
summarizes the search distances and right hand rotations used for estimating the
block grades.
SEARCH ELLIPSE PARAMETERS
Table 14-1 Resource estimate search ellipse parameters
Rotation Range (m)
Z Y Z X Y Z
First Pass 0 0 0 5 5 5
Second Pass 0 60 0 15 25 5
Third Pass 0 60 0 50 100 10
Blocks that were populated by the first 2 passes were identified as indicated
resources, while those more distant blocks populated by the third pass were
classified as inferred.
The Au and Ag block models were populated individually. An additional AuEQ model
was subsequently populated with grades from the Au and Ag values of the same
block. This was done using the formula:
AuEQ = Au + (Ag / 60)
This equivalent grade model was to classify the blocks by cut off grade. The formula
was derived from the relationship between the spot prices of Au and Ag at the time
the report was prepared. Fluctuations of the Au and Ag prices will vary the
relationship, but history has shown the changes are not significant.
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14.8 MI NERAL RESOURCE TABUL AT I ON
Riverbend estimates that the Burns Block contains a total indicated resource of 1.3
million tonnes grading 1.4 g/t Au, and 16.0 g/t Ag. An additional inferred resource of
3.0 million tonnes grading 1.6 g/t Au and 16.0 g/t Ag has also been estimated.
Ordinary kriging was used to estimate the resource. Riverbend has used a lower
cutoff of 0.35 g/t for the near surface part of the resource, and 2.5 g/t for the resource
that lies more than 500m below surface. These parameters were similar to those
used in "Technical Report for the Rainy River Gold Project, Northwestern Ontario,
Canada" a resource estimate prepared for the immediately adjacent Rainy River gold
deposit, now at feasibility stage. Due to the preliminary nature of this estimate, no
losses due to recovery were considered.
The Ag content adds significant value to the Burns Block. In order to include this
value, RIverbend has added the Ag value to the Au value using the formula:
AuEQ = Au grade + (Ag grade / 60)
The formula was derived from the relationship between the spot prices of Au and Ag
at the time the report was prepared. Fluctuations of the Au and Ag prices will vary
the relationship, but history has shown the changes are not significant. The lower
cutoff grades for the deposit have been determined from the Au equivalent grade.
The following tables show the division of resources between the open pit accessible,
and the underground accessible.
Table 14-2 Mineral resource estimate tabulation
Indicated Resources
Cutoff Tonnes Au grade Ag Grade Au Ag
AuEQ (g/t) T x 1000 g/t g/t oz oz
Pit 0.35 1,253 1.0 14.7 39,928 591,954
UG 2.5 79 7.9 37.0 20,029 93,716
Total Indicated 1,332 1.4 16.0 59,957 685,670
Inferred Resources
Cutoff Tonnes Au grade Ag Grade Au Ag
AuEQ (g/t) T x 1000 g/t g/t oz oz
Pit 0.35 2,788 1.2 14.4 104,121 1,293,763
UG 2.5 195 7.4 43.0 46,475 269,708
Total Inferred 2,983 1.6 16.3 150,596 1,563,470
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14.9 BL OCK MODEL VAL I DAT I ON
The Burns Block Mineral Resource estimate was validated by:
Comparing contained metal differences between OK and ID estimation methods;
Visual comparison of block grades with drill hole assays; and
Fence plots to show the resource distribution.
Comparing the metal contained within the OK estimate with the ID estimate provides
a global evaluation of the resource estimate. OK is a generally preferred method of
resource estimation, as it tends to reduce conditional bias. Conditional bias is the
situation where limited data tends to overestimate high grades and underestimate
low grades.
Table 14-3 Resource estimate comparison between OK and ID
Cut off Au grade AU-ID Au-OK Au-ID Difference
Au (g/t) g/t g/t oz oz %
10 19.23 20.67 77,604 83,446 7%
5 11.94 12.48 104,156 108,833 4%
2.5 7.53 7.80 129,935 134,563 3%
1 3.07 3.13 180,456 184,114 2%
0.5 1.66 1.69 224,147 227,520 1%
0.35 1.39 1.41 236,507 239,773 1%
0 0.89 0.91 245,956 248,980 1%
Ordinary Kriging produced a gold grade estimate that is marginally less than the ID
method at the published cut off grades. The similarity between the two estimation
methods supports the OK estimate as valid. The slightly higher resource predicted
by ID reflects the anisotropy of the ID method, whereas the correlogram in the OK
method tended to limit the influence of high grade samples along strike, and project
them down dip.
A visual comparison of the block grades with local diamond drill holes shows a good
correlation between the two.
A fence plot of the resource estimate was generated to evaluate the distribution of
the resource with respect to northing, easting and elevation. The resource estimated
for each row, column or level of blocks in the model was plotted on a graph.
All the graphs shows a consistent relationship between the distribution of Au and Ag.
When plotted by level the vertical variation in the model is displayed, and a large
amount of the resource is contained between level 90 and level 120. This
corresponds with the Intrepid zone, located at depth on the east end of the property.
To display the variation in the resource from east to west, the column plot shows that
a significant amount of the resource is located along the west boundary, and again,
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the Intrepid zone at the east end also shows up. Plotting the resource by row shows
the variation in the deposit in a north south direction. Because the deposit dips about
60, this plot appears similar to the resource by level plot.
Figure 14-7 Resource fence plot by level
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
18
1
5
2
2
2
9
3
6
4
3
5
0
5
7
6
4
7
1
7
8
8
5
9
2
9
9
1
0
6
1
1
3
1
2
0
1
2
7
1
3
4
1
4
1
1
4
8
1
5
5
1
6
2
A
u
o
z
T
o
n
n
e
s
&
A
g
_
o
z
Level(TopBottom)
Tonnes
Ag_Oz
Au_Oz
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Figure 14-8 Resource fence plot by column
Figure 14-9 Resource fence plot by row
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
18
1
5
2
2
2
9
3
6
4
3
5
0
5
7
6
4
7
1
7
8
8
5
9
2
9
9
1
0
6
1
1
3
1
2
0
1
2
7
1
3
4
1
4
1
1
4
8
1
5
5
1
6
2
A
u
o
z
T
o
n
n
e
s
&
A
g
_
o
z
Column(WestEast)
Tonnes
Ag_Oz
Au_Oz
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
1 4 7 1013161922252831343740434649525558616467707376798285
A
u
o
z
T
o
n
n
e
s
&
A
g
_
o
z
Row(NorthSouth)
Tonnes
Ag_Oz
Au_Oz
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1 5 . 0 M I N E R A L R E S E R V E E S T I M A T E S
This section is not applicable.
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1 6 . 0 M I N I N G M E T H O D S
This section is not applicable.
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1 7 . 0 R E C O V E R Y M E T H O D S
This section is not applicable.
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1 8 . 0 P R O J E C T I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
Project infrastructure currently consists of the municipal road system, which allows
ready access to the property. No other infrastructure was planned or required at the
time this report was prepared.
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1 9 . 0 M A R K E T S T U D I E S & C O N T R A T C S
This section is not applicable.
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2 0 . 0 E N V I R O N M E N T A L S T U D I E S , P E R M I T S ,
& S O C I A L O R C O M M U N I T Y I M P A C T S
Riverbend is not aware that Bayfield has carried out any environmental studies
relevant to this reports content nor that it has undertaken any studies in respect of
any social or community impacts that would relate to its past exploration of the
property or to any further exploration it might carry out pursuant to recommendations
contained in this report. Bayfield has indicated that it does not need any
environmental permits that relate to current activities on its properties and is currently
in compliance with all local, provincial and federal regulations and requirements
relating to its activities on the property.
Under current local, provincial and federal regulations and requirements, Bayfield
does not need to carry out any environmental, social or community impact studies or
acquire any related permits, permissions or agreements to continue with exploration
of the property pursuant to recommendations contained in this report.
Riverbend has relied on Bayfields representations in respect of statements
contained in this section. Riverbend provides no opinion thereon.
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2 1 . 0 C A P I T A L & O P E R A T I N G C O S T S
This section is not applicable.
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2 2 . 0 E C O N O M I C A N A L Y S I S
This section is not applicable.
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2 3 . 0 A D J A C E N T P R O P E R T I E S
The Burns Block is entirely surrounded by New Gold's Rainy River project.
Mineralization on the Burns Block crosses onto New Gold's property on both the east
and west ends. New Gold's Rainy River project is currently at the Feasibility Study
stage.
Figure 23-1 New Gold's land position in relation to the Burns Block
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2 4 . 0 O T H E R R E L E V A N T D A T A &
I N F O R M A T I O N
Bayfield's property is surrounded by property owned by New Gold. New Gold has
given Bayfield permission to access the property. Bayfield can also use the
municipal road system to access the property. New Gold proposes to develop the
Rainy River deposit as a combined open pit and underground operation. A copy of
the proposed site layout taken from New Gold's 2013 feasibility study and edited to
show the location of the Burns Block, has been included here.
Figure 24-1 Burns Block location relative to New Gold's proposed development of
the Rainy River deposit
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2 5 . 0 I N T E R P R E T A T I O N & C O N C L U S I O N S
Extensive gold-silver mineralization has been outlined on the Burns Block.
Recent interpretations for the geology and genesis of gold mineralization on the
Burns Block suggest an early, volcanogenic-associated model. Primary rock units in
and around the deposit include dacitic flows and sedimentary volcaniclastic deposits.
Additional data from exploration drilling showed that gold mineralization at the Burns
Block has a strong gold-pyrite association, including ubiquitous sphalerite, and a very
high ratio of silver to gold. There appear to have been two stages of gold
mineralization in the Burns Block. The first (low to moderate grade) gold
mineralization was associated with the emplacement of sulphide (pyrite-sphalerite-
chalcopyrite) as veins and disseminations in dacitic rocks A later (high-grade) gold
mineralization event included the emplacement of quartz-pyrite/chalcopyrite-gold
veins and veinlets.
The Burns Block is of limited size, and has been extensively drilled. Nonetheless,
the central part of the property requires additional testing. The resources that have
been identified cross the property boundaries onto the adjacent ground held by New
Gold. New Gold's Rainy River project, that surrounds the Burns Block is currently in
the feasibility stage.
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2 6 . 0 R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S
It is apparent that while the east and west ends of the claim block are well drilled,
only sparse drilling has been conducted in the central part of the claim block.
Riverbend proposes that a row of diamond drill holes be drilled across the central
part of the claim, to intersect the mineralized horizon, about 450m below surface
(RB-05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10). The holes have been spaced about 50m apart. This
series of holes should identify any significant volume of mineralization that could
remain undetected in this part of the claim. This part of the program would require
2,970m of drilling and is expected to cost $445,500.
A series of holes has also been proposed near section 427000E (RB-11, 12, 13, 14).
While the "Intrepid" zone has been interpreted to plunge steeply to the south-west,
the possibility that this high grade part of the deposit extends toward the surface, to
the west, has not been tested. This part of the program would require 2,070m of
drilling and is expected to cost $310,500.
Riverbend has proposed 4 additional holes at depth in the western part of the claim
(RB-01, 02, 03, 04). These holes would help fill in large holes in the model that have
not been assigned a grade, due to a lack of data. This part of the program would
require 2,220m of drilling and is expected to cost $333,000.
Sectional views of the proposed drill holes are included in the appendices. All the
proposed holes have been drilled from the south claim boundary to obtain the best
core angle possible.
Table 26-1 Proposed diamond drill program
Collar Target Direction
HoleID Northing Easting Elevation Northing Easting Elevation Az Dip Distance
RB01 5409338 426550 374 5409467 426550 125 0 76 580
RB02 5409338 426640 385 5409475 426640 125 0 75 600
RB03 5409338 426640 385 5409495 426640 75 0 71 540
RB04 5409338 426640 385 5409515 426640 25 0 67 500
RB05 5409338 426750 387 5409551 426750 25 0 60 480
RB06 5409338 426800 389 5409565 426800 25 0 58 460
RB07 5409338 426850 387 5409579 426850 25 0 56 500
RB08 5409338 426900 389 5409589 426900 25 0 55 510
RB09 5409338 426950 373 5409620 427000 25 0 51 480
RB10 5409338 427000 373 5409645 427000 75 0 44 460
RB11 5409338 427000 373 5409555 427000 125 0 66 580
RB12 5409338 426950 373 5409573 427000 75 0 62 540
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RB13 5409338 427000 373 5409595 427000 25 0 57 510
RB14 5409338 427050 373 5409610 427050 25 0 56 520
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2 7 . 0 D A T E & S I G N A T U R E P A G E
This report titled Burns Block National Instrument 43-101 Compliant Technical Report and
dated January 2014, was prepared and signed by the following authors:
Date effective as of January 17, 2014.
Cliff Duke, P.Eng.
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C E R T I F I C A T E
I, Clifford Joseph Duke, P.Eng., do hereby certify that:
1. I reside at Group 310, RR#3, Beausejour, Manitoba, Canada, R0E 0C0.
2. I am President of Rivebend Geological Services Inc. a firm of consulting engineers
which has been authorized to practice professional engineering by Association of
Professional Engineers and Geologists of Manitoba (APEGM).
3. This certificate accompany the report titled "Burns Block National Instrument 43-101
Compliant Technical Report " dated January 17, 2014.
4. I am a graduate from the University of Manitoba with a B.Sc. Degree in Geological
Engineering (1984), and I have practised my profession continuously since 1986.
5. I am a Professional member in good standing of the Association of Professional
Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of Manitoba (Registration #23030).
6. I am a "Qualified Person" for the purpose of NI 43-101. My relevant experience includes
25 years of experience in exploration, resource estimation, mine geology and
production. I have been a geologist in producing gold mines for 15 years. I have
authored and reviewed numerous NI 43-101 Mineral Resource Estimates and Technical
Reports on gold deposits.
7. I visited the property on the 13th of June, 2013.
8. I am responsible for all sections of this technical report.
9. I am independent of the issuer as described in Section 1.5 of NI 43-101.
10. I have not had any prior involvement with the property that is the subject of this technical
report.
11. I have read NI 43-101, Form 43-101F1 and the technical report and have prepared the
technical report in compliance with NI 43-101, Form 43-101F1 and generally accepted
Canadian mining industry practice.
12. As of the date of the technical report, to the best of my knowledge, information and
belief, the technical report contains all scientific and technical information that is required
to be disclosed to make the technical report not misleading.
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Burns Block NI 43-101 Compliant Technical Report January 2014
signed by
Clifford J. Duke, P.Eng.
January 17, 2014
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R E F E R E N C E S
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Evaluation Rainy River Gold Project Western Ontario, Canada
Cole, G., Dorota, E., Runnels, D., Couture, J., (SRK Consulting), 2012: Technical Report for
the Rainy River Gold Project, Northwestern Ontairo, Canada.
Dube, B., Gosselin, P. Mercier-Langevin, P., Hannington, M., and Galley, A., 2007, Gold -Rich
Volcanoginic Massive Sulfide Deposits, in Goodfellow, W.D., ed., Mineral Deposits of Canada:
A Synthesis of Major Deposit-Types, District Metallogeny, the Evolution of Geological
Provinces, and Exploration Methods: Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits
Division, Special Publication No. 5, p. 75-94.
Hardie, C., Runnels, D., Live, P., Daniel, S., Ritchie, D., Coulson, A., Cole, C., Dorota, E.,
Tolfree, D., 2013: NI 43-101 Feasibility Study of the Rainy River Gold Project, Ontario, Canada.
Kelso, I., Selway, J., (Caracle Creek) 2008, Independent Technical Report Rainy River Property
North-western Ontario, Canada.
Melling, D.R., 1989: The Geological Setting and Distribution of Gold Mineralization in the
Cameron-Rowan Lakes Area, District of Kenora, with Emphasis on the Monte Cristo and Victor
Island Prospects; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5713, 119p.
Ontario Geological Survey 1991, Bedrock geology of Ontario, west-central sheet: Ontario
Geological Survey, Map 2542, scale 1:1 000 000.
Pitman, P., 1998, Nuinsco Resources Limited Rainy River Project Richardson Township
Additional Drill Results - Winter 1997.
Poulsen, K.H. 2000. Archean metallogeny of the Mine CentreFort Frances area; Ontario
Geological Survey, Report 266, 121p.
Pye, E.G. 1991. The first hundred years: a brief history of the Ontario Geological Survey; in
Geology of Ontario, Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 4, Part 1, p.26-57.
Sinclair, A.J., Blackwell, G.H., 2002, Applied Mineral Inventory Estimation.
Thurston, P.O., Cortis, A.L., and Chivers, K.M.,1987: A Reconnaissance Re-evaluation of a
Number of Northwestern Greenstone Belts: Evidence for an Early Archean Crust: p.4-24 in
Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 1987,' by the Ontario Geological Survey, edited by
R.B. Barlow, M.E. Cherry, A.C. Colvine, Burkhard O. Dressler, and Owen L White, Ontario
Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 137, 429p.
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