M-IOTSeL Mobile Computing for Information of

Tracking Student Location

Halim Agung
Master Degree of Computing Science
Budi Luhur University , Jakarta , Indonesia
Jl. RayaCiledug PetukanganUtara Jakarta Selatan
Telp. (021) 5853753 ext. 331, 332, Fax. (021) 5869225
halim_ipa@yahoo.com , halimagung89@gmail.com


Abstract The need for mobile phones and the internet is
becoming the new trend in the world. This trend will not be offset
by the use of the facilities available in the mobile phone or the
internet itself. Currently these needs have not been fully
exploited on the school environment, particularly the need to
know the position of the student when the student does not follow
the teaching and learning activities in school or not. M-IOTSeL
(Mobile Information Of Tracking Student Location) is an
android-based application that is used to provide information
that schools need, especially in a position to know or keep track
of the students' school.

IndexTermsmobile computing, education, tracking location,
M-IOTSeL
I. INTRODUCTION

The development of today's technology has created many
breakthroughs in the development of information among
schools associated with communication technology devices
and the Internet technology has enabled a new trend in the
mobile information good timetable information, billing fees,
exam schedule, test scores, and many others.

Now, a student has more than one mobile device for
communication or computation. However, the applications
installed on mobile devices are generally designed to support
the working world, it's common applications such as time
management, communication, and productivity tools.

These applications commonly used by students, but they are
not designed specifically to support their activities, such as
knowing the class schedule, look for information on test
results, student attendance and get the message and the news of
the school where they studied. In general, students see the
information about the value and information that they need it in
the paste from the announcement on the bulletin board.

The school also currently experiencing difficulty in knowing
the position of the student if the student is needed for a
particular interest, the school is also difficult to track the
position of students who do not attend school in the teaching
and learning activities. Schools still not many people used
applications can be made on a cell phone or other mobile
device. By making the application of M-IOTSeL expected to
help schools to identify and track the position of their students
so that the students can report directly to their parents.
II. RELATED WORKS
Location-awareness is the most important part of context
awareness for mobile computing systems. The off-theshelf
availability and everyday use of a number of moderate-cost
mobile devices (handheld and laptop computers), installed
wireless and wired networking, and associated location
information, lead us to focus our attention on context-aware
computing that rests lightly on our everyday environment, and
to ask in particular: what effective location-aware computing
can be achieved with minimal, unobtrusive, commodity
hardware and software? [1].

However, awareness of this location less attention among
school so many problems that arise from this cause . Examples
of problems that arise are many students who do not follow
the learning takes place when the school year or when the
school held a contest when the test is completed. This
condition makes the difficulty in monitoring the school the
student activity to an activity

Location is the most important aspect of context for mobile
users, such as finding the nearest resources, navigation,
locating objects and people. Location in the context awareness
application needs the modeling of the physical environment
and the representation of the location (Harter and Hopper
1993; Schmidt et al. 1999)[1].

location according to its reach is divided into several types:
precise location, proximate location and predicted location.

Precise User Location
Precise location is based on sensors that cover less than a
meter range, e.g. swipe card, keyboard activity, biometric
sensor/finger-print, iButton, etc.

By registering the location of desktop computers, swipe cards,
iButtons, fingerprints, as sensors, an Active Office will have
more precise information about user locations
than from proximate sensors, e.g. WiFi or Bluetooth.

Proximate User Location
Proximate location is based on a sensor that covers more than
a meter range, e.g. WiFi, Bluetooth, WiMedia, ZigBee,
active/passive badge (depending on the range), voice
recognition (microphone), face recognition (digicam), smart
floor, etc.

Proximate location is detected by Wireless LAN is an
interesting proximate sensor in an Active Office because it can
be used to access the network and also it can be used to sense
a user location within the scale of a room or an office.
Bluetooth, as a wireless personal area network, favours low
cost and low power consumption, over a range and peak
speed. On the other hand, WiFi as a wireless local area
network, favours higher speed and greater range but has
higher cost and power consumption. The range of the
Bluetooth to sense another Bluetooth in a closed space, such
as an Active Office, is about 3 meters for class 2 and 25
meters for class 1. The range of WiFi to sense a user with a
WiFi device is about 25 meters.

Bluetooth permits scanning between devices: when Bluetooth
capable devices come within range of one another, the
location of one Bluetooth will be in the range of the other
Bluetooth. We can use Bluetooth capable devices as sensors or
an access point to sense a user with Bluetooth capable devices.
From our experiment, unfortunately a Bluetooth signal
strength is not useful enough to sense a users location. We
used the Bluetooth access point as a sensor for several rooms
within the range without measuring any signal strength. For
example, when a user is close to a certain access point, the
users location will be proximately close to the access point
and it could represent user location from several rooms.

WiFi does not only have a higher speed and longer range than
Bluetooth but the signal strength of Wi-Fi also can be used to
detect user location.

Predicted User Location
People can be identified by the activity of accessing available
resources at static locations or by sensing the users mobile
computing devices (PDA/handheld).

We can identify the users location by recording a history
database of events, whenever a user accesses to identify
himself (such as when using iButton, typing at a desktop
computer or logging into the network) or whenever the
receptor/sensor/actuator (such as webcam, handheld,
active/passive badge) captures the users identity in a
particular location[2].

Numerous location models have been proposed in different
domains, and can be categorized into two classes (Jiang and
Steenkiste 2002):
Hierarchical (topological, descriptive or symbolic,
such as a room).
Cartesian (coordinate, metric or geometric, such as
GPS).

We use both the hierarchical and Cartesian location models
for representing locations and enabling the rapid changes of
location information between distributed context services
within a space. The hierarchical location model has a self-
descriptive location representation. It decomposes the physical
environment to different levels of precision. We use a tree
structure to handle location structure and we store it as an
object/entity in a relational database model[1].

An example for Hierarchical location.

Kota Kabupaten Kotamady
a
Keluraha
n
Building
Jakarta Jakarta
Barat
Jakarta
Barat
Kalideres KFC
Bandung Bandung
Selatan
Bandung
Selatan
Cimacet Starbucks
Bogor Bogor
Utara
Bogor
Utara
Cilebut SMAN93

Table 1
Any simple mobile device has a physical location in space.
At the spatial dim ension, there are some devices (e.g.,
GPSbased map systems) where the exact Cartesian position in
2D or 3D space is important in defining a sense of absolute
physical location. If location information is sufficient in
understanding position, the location is considered in relation
to other existing objects or sensors[1].

In general, almost all schools use the internet in the
implementation of learning activities and almost all students
use the gadgets used at least one. therefore, this paper will
explain the concepts that will be used in the design of the M-
IOSeL applications.

GSM
Global System for Mobile Communication ( GSM ) is a
wireless communication technology that is digital . Global
System for Mobile communication ( GSM ) is a global
standard for digital mobile communications . GSM technology
is widely used in mobile communication , particularly mobile
phones . This technology utilizes the microwave and signal
transmission divided by time , so that the information
transmitted signal will arrive at the destination . GSM global
standard used for mobile communications as well as mobile
technology most widely used throughout the world . GSM is
the name of a standardization group established in Europe in
1982 to create a common standard cellular phone air
movement in Europe that operates on the 900 MHz frequency
range .

GSM itself began to be implemented in European countries in
the early 1990s. GSM usage then spread to Asia and the
Americas. At this time the GSM mobile communications
technology is the most widely used around the world . At the
end of 2005, GSM subscribers in the world has reached 1.5
billion subscribers and is the most widely used technology. In
general, network elements in GSM architecture with a finger
can be divided into: Mobile Station (MS), Base Station
Subsystem (BSS), Network Subsystem (NSS), Operation and
Support System (OSS)

III. M-IOTSeL ARCHITECTURE

Users of this system are the schools and the parents while the
servers in the system only handles requests from the location
where the user requested location is the location of students
who do not attend school and send the tracking result to the
user.

The main processes that exist in the application of M-IOTSeL
are as follows of the client side application will wait for a
request from a user to locate the position of the students who
do not attend school, then this app will send a notification to
the server to track the position of students from the student's
application is installed without realizing that where the
application is an application that displays academic the
students needed information for example the value of
information and the timetable in which the application
supports a variety of platforms such as android, blackberry,
iOS and other.

The application will receive notification of a request sent by
the user in this case is the parents or the school. after receiving
a request from the server application installed on a gadget that
students will go back to the server by sending a notification
that indicates the location of the gadget with GSM Signal.
later the server will send the results of a request sent by the
user. from there you will know the position of the child

IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

With his existing application design concepts that will be
called M - IOTSeL is expected to help schools and parents to
control the child . In designing these applications is still no
shortage which must be added as the signal strength is less than
the existing mobile operators today. expected future
applications can be designed along with an increase in the
signal operator and the accuracy of detecting the position .
REFERENCES
[1] Mantoro, T. and C. W. Johnson. Location History in a
Lowcost Context Awareness Environment. Workshop on
WICAPUC, ACSW 2003. Adelaide, 2003.
[2] Mantoro, T., Johnson, C. W. (2003). User Mobility Model
in an Active Office. The First European Symposium on
Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI 2003), LNCS 2875,
Springer, Eindhoven,The Netherlands, 3-4 November
2003.
[3] Nur, A.(2010). Penggunaan Microcontroller Sebagai
Pendeteksi Posisi Dengan Menggunakan Sinyal GSM.
Jurnal Informatika Vol4 ,no 1,1 Januari 2010



Figure 1