A.

POLYHEDRA


A polyhedron is a 3D shape bounded by polygons. These polygons are called faces.
The edges of a polyhedron are the lines where the faces meet.
Its vertices are the corners where the faces meet.

A regular polyhedron must meet two criteria:
+ Its faces are identical regular polygons.
+ The same number of faces meet at each of the polyhedrons vertices.


A prism is a polyhedron bounded by two identical polygons, called bases, and several rectangles, called lateral faces. The height of a
prism is the distance between the bases.
A regular prism is a prism whose bases are regular polygons.
A cuboid is a polyhedron with six faces that are perpendicular to one another. Its faces are rectangles or squares (then called cube).



A pyramid is a polyhedron with a polygonal base and triangular lateral sides which meet at a vertex called the apex.
A regular pyramid is a pyramid whose base is a regular polygon and whose lateral sides are isosceles or equilateral triangles.
B. NON-POLYHEDRA (SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION)LID

A non-polyhedron is a solid where any surface is not flat. For example:



Some of the most non-polyhedra are the solids of revolution. A solid of revolution is 3D shape obtained when a plane shape rotates around a
straight line. This line is called the axis of revolution.


Cylinders, cones and spheres are the most known solids of revolution.
A cylinder is the solid of revolution that is generated when a rectangle rotates around of its sides.

A cone is the solid of revolution that is generated when a right-angled triangle rotates around of its cathetii or legs.

A sphere is the solid of revolution that is generated when a circle rotates around one of its diameters.




A cylinder is a geometric shape bounded by two identical circles, called bases, and a curved lateral face. The height of a cylinder is the
distance between its bases.
The lateral face of a cylinder (without its bases) is a rectangle whose dimensions are the height of the cylinder and the length of the base
circumference.

A cone is a geometric shape bounded by a plane circular base and a curved lateral face that ends in an apex.
The curved lateral face of a cone is a circular sector wherein:
+ The radius is the cone generatrix.
+ The sector arc length is the perimeter of the cones base.

In cones there is a special link between the radius of the base, the height of the cone and its generatrix. Pythagoras is to blame.

C. VOLUME


VOLUME OF PRISMS AND PYRAMIDS


VOLUME OF SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION