Grammar Tutorial ::: Locative Case / 4 /

saptamii vibhakti
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Locative Case / 4 (saptamii vibhakti): Locative Case or 4 (saptamii vibhakti) of
noun-form represents the "where" of the sentence. In other words locative case represents the locative in the
sentense.
Study the following sentences. These are in locative case.
I / English T / Sanskrit Notes
1. Lotuses are in the lake.
7
kamalaani kaasare santi
The words lake ( /
kaasara), creeper ( /
lataa), forest /
araNya), city (| /
nagarii), bed (7 /
shajyaa), land ( /
bhuumi), Mahabharata
( /
mahaabhaarata) and all
( / sarva) are
expressing location of
something or someone.
2. Flowers bloom in the creeper.
* 7
puShpaaNi lataayaa.n vikasanti
3. Elephants roam in the forest.
7
gajaaH araNye saJNcharanti
4. Offices are in the city.
| 7
kaaryaalayaaH nagariishu bhavanti
5. Child is sleeping on the bed.
7
shishuH shajyaayaa.n shete
6. Leaves fall on the ground.
+ 7
parNaani bhuumyaa.n patanti
7. There are many stories in
Mahabharata.
q7
mahaabhaarate anekakathaaH
vidyante
8. Atma is in everybody.
1 c q
sarvasmin aatmaa vidyate
In sentence 1 above, if we ask the question "where are the lotuses?", the answer that comes is "lake". So,
"lake" is the locative in the sentence and the noun-form is in locative case or saptamii vibhakti. Similarly in
sentence 3, if we ask the question "elephants roam where?", the answer that comes is "forest".
So, answer that comes from the question "where" is the locative in the sentense and is always in locative case.
Followings are the rules where locative case is used.
Grammatical Rule
The word expressing the location of something or someone will be in locative case.
Sentence 1 to 8 follow this rule.
Besides the above rules there are few more special rules where loctive case is used. Followings are the
examples of these.
I / English T / Sanskrit Notes
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9. He is sitting on the seat.
7
saH aasande upavishati
Expressing the thing on
which one sits or stands
etc.
10. Students are running on the
road.
7
chchhaatraaH maargeshu dhaavanti
11. Peackoks are dancing on the
mountain.
c7
mayuuraaH girishu nRRityanti
12. Young boys are swiming in the
river.
q 7
taruNaaH nadyaa.n taranti
13. Girls are playing in the play
ground.
H|q H7
baalikaaH kriiDaaN^gaNe kriDanti
14. I will go in the evening.

aha.n saaya.nkaale gachchhaami
Expressing the time of
action.
15. Holiday is on Sunday.

viraamaH bhaanuvaasare bhavati
16. When sun rises, lotus blooms.

suurye udite padma.n vikasati
Expressing the action of
one resulting in the action
of another.
17. When moon rises, lillies bloom.
7g 7
chandre udite kumudaani vikasanti
18. Among animals human beings
are the best.
9 / 9 *
praaNinaa.n / praaNiShu naraaH
shreShThaaH
Comparision in group.
19. Do good as if death is holding
by hair.
c
gRRihita eva kesheShu mRRityunaa
dharmamaacharet
Expressing part of body
held separately.
20. Friend made me sit by holding
my hands.
c
sakhaa maa.n kare dhRRitvaa upaveshayat
21. Father loves son.
1[
pitaa putre snihyati
Expressing trust,
fondness, love, anger,
worship etc., in someone.
22. You trust me.
c
tva.n mayi vishvasihi
23. Respect father.
4

pitari bhakti.n kuru

Grammatical Rule
The word expressing something on which someone or something sits or stands will be in locative case.
In sentence 9 if we ask the question "where is he seating?" or "on what is he seating?", the answer that comes is
on the seat. So, the word "seat" or 7 (aasand) is in locative case as it is expressing the thing on which
someone is seating. Sentence 10 to 13 also follow this rule.
Grammatical Rule
The word expressing the time of action in response to the question on verb as "when" will be in locative case.
In sentence 14 answer to the question "when shall I go?" is "in the evening" or "evening". So, the word
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"evening" or (saaya.nkaala) is in locative case. Sentence 15 also follows this rule.
Grammatical Rule
When the action of one results in action of another, the thing whose action occurs first will be in locative case.
In sentence 16 - lotus blooms when sun rises. In other words the action of sun's rising results in the action of the
lotus blooming. So, the word "sun" or (suurya) is in locative case. Sentence 17 also follow this rule.
Grammatical Rule
If a comparision in a group is being made then the word expressing the group will be in locative case or in
genitive case.
In sentence 18 the word "animal" or 9 (praaNi) is in locative case (or alternatively genitive case), as it
represents the group in which human beings are the best.
Grammatical Rule
If a part of body is held separately then the word expressing the part will be in locative case.
In sentence 20 - my friend is holding my hand (separately) to make me seat. So, the word "hand" or (kara)
is in locative case as this is the part of body which is being held separately. Sentence 19 also follows this rule.
Grammatical Rule
If verbs meaning trust, fondness, love, anger, worship etc., are used, the person in whom such trust or fondness
is shown will be in locative case.
In sentence 21 the verb 1[ (snihyati) is used to express father's love in his son. So, the word "son" or
(putra) is in locative case. Sentence 22 and 23 also follow this rule.
Locative Case ( 4 / saptamii vibhakti)
Word

Gender

Singular

Dual
q
Plural

Similar Words
Boy
/ baala
M -
baale

baalayoH

baaleShu
-
Creeper
/ lataa
F - 1
lataayaam

latayoH

lataasu
-
River
| / nadii
F - 1 q
nadyaam
q nadyoH |
nadiiShu
-
Fruit
/ phalam
N -
phale

phalayoH

phaleShu
-
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