123

Job No.
R0SU00658
Sheet
1
of
7
Rev
B
Job Title
ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 3 Design of a two-span trapezoidal
roof sheeting
Made by
AAT
Date
June 2002
Checked by
JEK
Date
June 2002

VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH
CENTRE OF FINLAND
VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT
Kemistintie 3, Espoo
P.O.Box 1805, FIN02044 VTT, Finland
Telephone: + 358 9 4561
Fax: + 358 9 456 7003
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

ECSC
Revised by
JBL/MEB
Date
April 2006
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3 DESIGN OF A TWO-SPAN TRAPEZOIDAL ROOF SHEETING
This example considers the design of a two-span trapezoidal roof sheeting. The material is
grade 1.4401 stainless steel and the material thickness is 0,6 mm. The dimensions of the
cross section are shown below.


4 x 212,5 = 850
57 65
70



The example shows the following design tasks:
- determination of effective section properties at the ultimate limit state
- determination of the bending resistance of the section
- determination of the resistance at the intermediate support
- determination of deflections at serviceability limit state.


This example refers to prEN 1993-1-3:2005 and adopts its symbols and terminology.
Reference should be made to prEN 1993-1-3 for a full description of the design
procedures and associated figures.



Design data

Spans L = 2900 mm
Width of supports s
s
= 100 mm
Design load
Q = 1,4 kN/m
2

Design thickness t = 0,6 mm
Yield strength
f
yb
= 240 N/mm
2

Table 3.1
Modulus of elasticity E = 200 000 N/mm
2
Section 3.2.4
Partial safety factor
M0
= 1,1 Table 2.1
Partial safety factor
M1
= 1,1 Table 2.1
Symbols and detailed dimensions used in calculations are shown in the figure below. The
position of the cross section is given so that in bending at the support the upper flange is
compressed.



124
Job No.
R0SU00658
Sheet
2
of
7
Rev
B
Job Title
ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 3 Design of a two-span trapezoidal
roof sheeting
Made by
AAT
Date
June 2002
Checked by
JEK
Date
June 2002

VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH
CENTRE OF FINLAND
VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT
Kemistintie 3, Espoo
P.O.Box 1805, FIN02044 VTT, Finland
Telephone: + 358 9 4561
Fax: + 358 9 456 7003
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

ECSC
Revised by
JBL/MEB
Date
April 2006
h
0
b
u0
/2
w
0
/2 b
l0
/2
b
sl
/2
b
sl0
/2

b
su
/2
b
su0
/2
h
sl
h
su


Centre line
dimensions











Internal radius of
the corners
mm 70
0
= h
mm 5 , 212
0
= w
mm 65
u0
= b
mm 57
0
=
l
b
mm 20
su
= b
mm 8
su0
= b
mm 6
su
= h
mm 20
s
=
l
b
mm 8
0 s
=
1
b
mm 6
s
=
1
h

mm 3 = r

Angle of the web:
( )
deg 57,1
5 , 0
atan
0 u0 0
0
=

=
l
b b w
h



EFFECTIVE SECTION PROPERTIES AT THE ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE Section 4.4
Check on maximum width-to-thickness ratios:
117 /
0
= t h is less than 336 sin 400 = and Table 4.1
95 /
0
= t b
l
is less than 400. Table 4.1

Location of the centroidal axis when the web is fully effective

Effective width of the compressed flange:

mm 5 , 22
2
su u0
p
=

=
b b
b

966 , 0
000 210
235
5 , 0
y
=
(
(

=
E
f


Section 4.4.1

4 =

k

684 , 0
4 , 28
/
p
p
= =

k
t b


862 , 0
125 , 0 772 , 0
2
p
p
= =

Because , 1 < mm 4 , 19
p u eff,
= = b b
Eq. 4.1a
Reduced thickness of the flange stiffener: Section 4.5.3
mm 849 , 0
2
su
2
0 su su
2
su
su
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
= t
h
b b
h
t


125
Job No.
R0SU00658
Sheet
3
of
7
Rev
B
Job Title
ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 3 Design of a two-span trapezoidal
roof sheeting
Made by
AAT
Date
June 2002
Checked by
JEK
Date
June 2002

VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH
CENTRE OF FINLAND
VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT
Kemistintie 3, Espoo
P.O.Box 1805, FIN02044 VTT, Finland
Telephone: + 358 9 4561
Fax: + 358 9 456 7003
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

ECSC
Revised by
JBL/MEB
Date
April 2006
2
su su 0 su u eff, s
mm 6 , 26 2 ) ( = + + = t h t b b A
Fig. 4.3
mm 23 , 2
2
2
s
su
su
su su 0 su
s
=
+
=
A
t
h
h t h b
e

( )
4
3
su su
3
0 su
4
2
s
su
su su
2
s su 0 su
2
s
2
s
mm 53 , 159
12
2
12 12
15
2
2
2 ) ( 15 2
=
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
h t t b t
e
h
t h e h t b e t I

Fig. 4.3
mm 0 , 25
2
2
su0
2
su0 su
2
su s
= + |
.
|

\
|
+ = b
b b
h b

mm 251
3 2
07 , 3
4 / 1
3
s p 2
p s b
=
|
|
.
|

\
| +
=
t
b b
b I l

Eq. 4.9
mm 4 , 83
2
2
0
2
0 0 u 0
w
= + |
.
|

\
|
= h
b b w
s
l



s
b b b + =
p d
2
37 , 1
5 , 0
2
d w
d w
0 w
=
+
+
=
b s
b s
k

Eq. 4.10 and
4.11
b w
3, 01 l s = Because 2
w b
> s l , 37 , 1
0 w w
= = k k
( )
2
s p
2
p
3
s
s
w
s cr,
N/mm 515
3 2 4
2 , 4
=
+
=
b b b
t I
A
E k


Eq. 4.3
683 , 0
s cr,
yb
d
= =

f




Because , 38 , 1 65 , 0 d < <
98 , 0 723 , 0 47 , 1
d
= =
Eq. 4.15
mm 588 , 0
u red,
= = t t

The distance of neutral axis from the compressed flange:
mm 849 , 0
2
sl
2
0 s sl 2
sl
l
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
= t
h
b b
h
t
l


mm 714 , 0 sin /
w
= = t t






126
Job No.
R0SU00658
Sheet
4
of
7
Rev
B
Job Title
ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 3 Design of a two-span trapezoidal
roof sheeting
Made by
AAT
Date
June 2002
Checked by
JEK
Date
June 2002

VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH
CENTRE OF FINLAND
VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT
Kemistintie 3, Espoo
P.O.Box 1805, FIN02044 VTT, Finland
Telephone: + 358 9 4561
Fax: + 358 9 456 7003
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

ECSC
Revised by
JBL/MEB
Date
April 2006
=
i
e =
i
A
0 t b
u eff,
5 , 0
0 t b
u eff,
5 , 0

= =
2
tot
mm 5 , 87
i
A A


su
5 , 0 h
su su
t h

su
h t b
su0
5 , 0

0
5 , 0 h
w 0
t h

0
h ( )t b b
sl l

0
5 , 0

l
h h
s 0
5 , 0
l l
t h
s s

mm 9 , 34
tot
c
= =

A
e A
e
i i



l
h h
s 0
t b
l 0 s
5 , 0

Effective cross-section of the compression zone of the web Section 4.4.1
006 , 1
c
c 0
=

=
e
e h

1 , 24 ) 1 ( 98 , 5
2

= = k

Table 4.3

mm 4 , 83 sin /
0 p
= = h b
032 , 1
4 . 28
/
p
p
= =

k
t b



630 , 0
125 , 0 772 , 0
2
p
p
= =

Because , 1 < mm 2 , 26
1
p
eff
=

b
b
Eq. 4.1a
Table 4.3
mm 5 , 10 4 , 0
eff 1 eff,
= = b s mm 7 , 15 6 , 0
eff n eff,
= = b s Table 4.3

Effective cross section properties per half corrugation

sin
eff,1 eff,1
s h = sin
eff, eff, n n
s h =

=
i e
e
, ff
=
i
A
, eff

i
I
, eff

0 t b
u eff,
5 , 0 0
0 t b
u eff,
5 , 0 0

su
5 , 0 h
su su
t h
12 /
3
su su
h t


su
h t b
0 su
5 , 0 0

eff,1
5 , 0 h
w eff,1
t h
12 /
3
1 , eff w
h t

) ( 5 , 0
eff, c 0 0 n
h e h h +
w ,n
t h e h ) (
eff c 0
+
12 / ) (
3
, eff c 0 w n
h e h t +


0
h ( )t b b
l l s 0
5 , 0 0

127
Job No.
R0SU00658
Sheet
5
of
7
Rev
B
Job Title
ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 3 Design of a two-span trapezoidal
roof sheeting
Made by
AAT
Date
June 2002
Checked by
JEK
Date
June 2002

VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH
CENTRE OF FINLAND
VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT
Kemistintie 3, Espoo
P.O.Box 1805, FIN02044 VTT, Finland
Telephone: + 358 9 4561
Fax: + 358 9 456 7003
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

ECSC
Revised by
JBL/MEB
Date
April 2006

sl 0
5 , 0 h h
sl sl
t h
12 /
3
sl sl
h t


sl 0
h h t b
sl0
5 , 0 0

= =
2
i eff, tot
mm 2 , 78 A A
mm 20 , 37
tot
i eff, i eff,
c
= =

A
e A
e

( )

= + =
2 2
i eff, c i eff, i eff, tot
mm 400 8 5 e e A I I


Optionally the effective section properties may also be redefined iteratively based on the
location of the effective centroidal axis.
prEN 1993-1-
3, clause
5.5.3.3(3)

Bending strength per unit width (1 m) Section 4.7.4
4
tot
0
mm 000 549
0,5w
mm 1000
= = I I

3
c
u
mm 800 14 = =
e
I
W
3
c 0
l
mm 800 16 =

=
e h
I
W

Because
l u
W W < ,
3
eff,min u
14 800 mm W W = =

c,Rd eff,min y M0
/ 3, 22 kNm M W f = = Eq. 4.29

DETERMINATION OF THE RESISTANCE AT THE INTERMEDIATE SUPPORT
Web crippling strength Section 5.4.4
Here =
l
a
= s
s
and = 0,15
prEN 1993-1-
3, Eq. 6.19b
and 6.20c
kN 6,2 1
0,5w
mm 1000 1
deg 90
4 , 2 02 , 0 5 , 0 1 , 0 1
0 M1
2
a
yb
2
Rd w,
=
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

t
l
t
r
E f t R

prEN 1993-
1-3, Eq. 6.18

Combined bending moment and support reaction
Factored actions per unit width (1m):
35 , 1
G
= 5 , 1
Q
=
Self weight:
2
N/m 70 = G
Section 2.3.2
( ) kN/m 20 , 2
Q G
= + = Q G q Eq. 2.3


128
Job No.
R0SU00658
Sheet
6
of
7
Rev
B
Job Title
ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 3 Design of a two-span trapezoidal
roof sheeting
Made by
AAT
Date
June 2002
Checked by
JEK
Date
June 2002

VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH
CENTRE OF FINLAND
VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT
Kemistintie 3, Espoo
P.O.Box 1805, FIN02044 VTT, Finland
Telephone: + 358 9 4561
Fax: + 358 9 456 7003
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

ECSC
Revised by
JBL/MEB
Date
April 2006
kNm 31 , 2
8
2
Ed
= =
qL
M
kN 96 , 7
4
5
Ed
= = qL F

716 , 0
Rd c,
Ed
=
M
M
491 , 0
Rd w,
Ed
=
R
F
21 , 1
Rd w,
Ed
Rd c,
Ed
= +
R
F
M
M


Combined bending moment and support reaction satisfy the conditions:
1
Rd c,
Ed

M
M
1
Rd w,
ed

R
F
25 , 1
Rd w,
Ed
Rd c,
Ed
+
R
F
M
M

prEN 1993-
1-3, Eqs
6.28a-c

DETERMINATION OF DEFLECTIONS AT SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE (SLS)
Effective cross section properties
For serviceability verification the effective width of compression elements should be
based on the compressive stress in element under the serviceability limit state loading.
prEN 1993-
1-3, clause
5.5.1(4)
Maximum compressive stress in the effective section at SLS. A conservative
approximation is made based on
u
W determined above for ultimate limit state.

kNm 55 , 1
8
) (
2
ser Ed, y,
=
+
=
L Q G
M
Section 2.3.4
2 ser Ed, y,
ser Ed, com,
N/mm 105 = =
u
W
M



The effective section properties are determined as before in ultimate limit state except that
yb
f is replaced by
ser Ed, com,
and the thickness of the flange stiffener is not reduced.

The results of the calculation are:
Effective width of the compressed flange The flange is fully
effective

Location of the centroidal axis when the web is fully effective e
c
= 34,1 mm
Effective cross-section of the compression zone of the web The web is fully
effective

Effective part of the web The web is reduced
( = 0,88)

Effective cross section properties per half corrugation A
tot
= 86,6 mm
2

e
c
= 34,8 mm
I
tot
= 63 700 mm
4

Effective section properties per unit width (1 m) I = 600 000 mm
4

W
u
= 17 300 mm
4

W
l
= 17 300 mm
4


129
Job No.
R0SU00658
Sheet
7
of
7
Rev
B
Job Title
ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 3 Design of a two-span trapezoidal
roof sheeting
Made by
AAT
Date
June 2002
Checked by
JEK
Date
June 2002

VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH
CENTRE OF FINLAND
VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT
Kemistintie 3, Espoo
P.O.Box 1805, FIN02044 VTT, Finland
Telephone: + 358 9 4561
Fax: + 358 9 456 7003
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

ECSC
Revised by
JBL/MEB
Date
April 2006
Determination of deflection Appendix C
Secant modulus of elasticity corresponding to maximum value of the bending moment:

1,Ed,ser
=
2
u
ser Ed, y,
N/mm 5 , 89 =
W
M

2,Ed,ser
=
2 ser Ed, y,
N/mm 8 , 90 =
l
W
M


E
s,1
=
2
yb
ser Ed, 1,
ser Ed, 1,
kN/mm 199
002 , 0 1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
n
f
E
E

0 , 7 = n

Appendix C
Table C.1
E
s,2
=
2
ser Ed, 2,
ser Ed, 1,
N/mm 199
002 , 0 1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
n
yb
f
E
E

E
s,ser
=
2 s,2 1 , s
N/mm 199
2
=
+ E E
Appendix C

Check of deflection:
As a conservative simplification, the variation of
s.ser
E along the length of the member is
neglected.

m 22 , 1
16
33 1
=
+
= L x (location of max deflection)

mm 7 , 4 2 3
48
) (
4
4
3
3
ser s,
4
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
L
x
L
x
L
x
I E
L Q G


The permissible deflection is mm 5 , 14 200 / = L , hence the calculated deflection is
acceptable.



130
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