Engineering Mathematics With Solutions

CHAPTER 1
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Published by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN: 9788192276243
Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
YEAR 2012 ONE MARK
MCQ 1.1 Two independent random variables X and Y are uniformly distributed in
the interval , 1 1
6 @
. The probability that , max X Y
6 @
is less than / 1 2 is
(A) / 3 4 (B) / 9 16
(C) / 1 4 (D) / 2 3
MCQ 1.2 If , x 1 = then the value of x
x
is
(A) e
/2
(B) e
/2
(C) x (D) 1
MCQ 1.3 Given ( ) f z
z z 1
1
3
2
=
+

+
. If C is a counter clockwise path in the z -plane
such that z 1 1 + = , the value of ( )
j
f z dz
2
1
C
#
is
(A) 2 (B) 1
(C) 1 (D) 2
MCQ 1.4 With initial condition ( ) . x 1 0 5 = , the solution of the differential equation
t
dt
dx
x t + = , is
(A) x t
2
1
= (B) x t
2
1 2
=
(C) x
t
2
2
= (D) x
t
2
=
YEAR 2012 TWO MARKS
MCQ 1.5 Given that and A I
5
2
3
0
1
0
0
1
=

= > > H H, the value of A
3
is
(A) 15 12 A I + (B) 19 30 A I +
(C) 17 15 A I + (D) 17 21 A I +
MCQ 1.6 The maximum value of ( ) f x x x x 9 24 5
3 2
= + + in the interval [ , ] 1 6 is
(A) 21 (B) 25
(C) 41 (D) 46
PAGE 2 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS CHAP 1
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MCQ 1.7 A fair coin is tossed till a head appears for the first time. The probability
that the number of required tosses is odd, is
(A) / 1 3 (B) / 1 2
(C) / 2 3 (D) / 3 4
MCQ 1.8 The direction of vector A is radially outward from the origin, with kr A
n
=
. where r x y z
2 2 2 2
= + + and k is a constant. The value of n for which
A 0 : d = is
(A) 2 (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) 0
MCQ 1.9 Consider the differential equation

( ) ( )
( )
dt
d y t
dt
dy t
y t 2
2
2
+ + ( ) t = with ( ) 2 0 and y t
dt
dy
t
t
0
0
= =
=
=
The numerical value of

dt
dy
t 0 =
+
is
(A) 2 (B) 1
(C) 0 (D) 1
YEAR 2011 ONE MARK
MCQ 1.10 Roots of the algebraic equation x x x 1 0
3 2
+ + + = are
(A) ( , , ) j j 1 + + (B) ( , , ) 1 1 1 + +
(C) ( , , ) 0 0 0 (D) ( , , ) j j 1 +
MCQ 1.11 With K as a constant, the possible solution for the first order differential
equation
dx
dy
e
x 3
=

is
(A) e K
3
1 x 3
+
(B) e K
3
1 x 3
+
(C) e K
3
1 x 3
+
(D) e K 3
x
+
MCQ 1.12 A point Z has been plotted in the complex plane, as shown in figure below.
The plot of the complex number Y
Z
1
= is
CHAP 1 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS PAGE 3
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YEAR 2011 TWO MARKS
MCQ 1.13 Solution of the variables x
1
and x
2
for the following equations is to be
obtained by employing the Newton-Raphson iterative method.
Equation (1) . sin x x 10 0 8 0
2 1
=
Equation (2) . cos x x x 10 10 0 6 0
2
2
2 1
=
Assuming the initial values are . x 0 0
1
= and . x 1 0
2
= , the jacobian matrix is
(A)
.
.
10
0
0 8
0 6
> H (B)
10
0
0
10
> H
(C)
.
.
0
10
0 8
0 6
> H (D)
10
10
0
10
> H
MCQ 1.14 The function ( ) f x x x x 2 3
2 3
= + has
(A) a maxima at x 1 = and minimum at x 5 =
(B) a maxima at x 1 = and minimum at x 5 =
(C) only maxima at x 1 = and
(D) only a minimum at x 5 =
MCQ 1.15 A zero mean random signal is uniformly distributed between limits a and
a + and its mean square value is equal to its variance. Then the r.m.s value
of the signal is
(A)
a
3
(B)
a
2
(C) a 2 (D) a 3
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MCQ 1.16 The matrix [ ] A
2
4
1
1
=
> H is decomposed into a product of a lower

triangular matrix [ ] L and an upper triangular matrix [ ] U . The properly
decomposed [ ] L and [ ] U matrices respectively are
(A)
1
4
0
1
> H and
1
0
1
2
> H (B)
2
4
0
1
> H and
1
0
1
1
> H
(C)
1
4
0
1
> H and
2
0
1
1
> H (D)
2
4
0
3
> H and
. 1
0
1 5
1
> H
MCQ 1.17 The two vectors [1,1,1] and [ , , ] a a 1
2
where a j
2
1
2
3
= +
c m
, are
(A) Orthonormal (B) Orthogonal
(C) Parallel (D) Collinear
YEAR 2010 ONE MARK
MCQ 1.18 The value of the quantity P, where P xe dx
x
0
1
= # , is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) e (D) 1/e
MCQ 1.19 Divergence of the three-dimensional radial vector field r is
(A) 3 (B) /r 1
(C) i j k + +
t t t
(D) 3( ) i j k + +
t t t
YEAR 2010 TWO MARKS
MCQ 1.20 A box contains 4 white balls and 3 red balls. In succession, two balls are
randomly and removed form the box. Given that the first removed ball is
white, the probability that the second removed ball is red is
(A) 1/3 (B) 3/7
(C) 1/2 (D) 4/7
MCQ 1.21 At t 0 = , the function ( )
sin
f t
t
t
= has
(A) a minimum (B) a discontinuity
(C) a point of inflection (D) a maximum
MCQ 1.22 An eigenvector of P
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
3
=
J
L
K
K
K
N
P
O
O
O
is
(A) 1 1 1
T
8 B
(B) 1 2 1
T
8 B
(C) 1 1 2
T
8 B
(D) 2 1 1
T
8 B
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MCQ 1.23 For the differential equation
dt
d x
dt
dx
x 6 8 0
2
2
+ + = with initial conditions
( ) x 0 1 = and
dt
dx
0
t 0
=
=
, the solution is
(A) ( ) 2 x t e e
t t 6 2
=

(B) ( ) 2 x t e e
t t 2 4
=

(C) ( ) 2 x t e e
t t 6 4
= +

(D) ( ) 2 x t e e
t t 2 4
= +

MCQ 1.24 For the set of equations, x x x x 2 4 2
1 2 3 4
+ + + = and 3 6 3 12 6 x x x x
1 2 3 4
+ + + =
. The following statement is true.
(A) Only the trivial solution 0 x x x x
1 2 3 4
= = = = exists
(B) There are no solutions
(C) A unique non-trivial solution exists
(D) Multiple non-trivial solutions exist
YEAR 2009 ONE MARK
MCQ 1.25 The trace and determinant of a 2 2
#
matrix are known to be 2 and 35
respectively. Its eigen values are
(A) 30 and 5 (B) 37 and 1
(C) 7 and 5 (D) 17.5 and 2
YEAR 2009 TWO MARKS
MCQ 1.26 ( , ) f x y is a continuous function defined over ( , ) [ , ] [ , ] x y 0 1 0 1
#
! . Given the
two constraints, x y >
2
and y x >
2
, the volume under ( , ) f x y is
(A) ( , ) f x y dxdy
x y
x y
y
y
0
1
2
=
=
=
=
# # (B) ( , ) f x y dxdy
x y
x
y x
y 1 1
2 2
=
=
=
=
# #
(C) ( , ) f x y dxdy
x
x
y
y
0
1
0
1
=
=
=
=
# # (D) ( , ) f x y dxdy
x
x y
y
y x
0 0 =
=
=
=
# #
MCQ 1.27 Assume for simplicity that N people, all born in April (a month of 30 days),
are collected in a room. Consider the event of at least two people in the
room being born on the same date of the month, even if in different years,
e.g. 1980 and 1985. What is the smallest N so that the probability of this
event exceeds 0.5 ?
(A) 20 (B) 7
(C) 15 (D) 16
MCQ 1.28 A cubic polynomial with real coefficients
(A) Can possibly have no extrema and no zero crossings
(B) May have up to three extrema and upto 2 zero crossings
(C) Cannot have more than two extrema and more than three zero crossings
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(D) Will always have an equal number of extrema and zero crossings
MCQ 1.29 Let x 117 0
2
= . The iterative steps for the solution using Newton-Raphons
method is given by
(A) x x
x 2
1 117
k k
k
1
= +
+ b l
(B) x x
x
117
k k
k
1
=
+
(C) x x
x
117
k k
k
1
=
+
(D) x x x
x 2
1 117
k k k
k
1
= +
+ b l
MCQ 1.30 ( , ) ( ) ( ) x y x xy y xy F a a
x y
2 2
= + + +
t t
. Its line integral over the straight line
from ( , ) ( , ) x y 0 2 = to ( , ) ( , ) x y 2 0 = evaluates to
(A) 8 (B) 4
(C) 8 (D) 0
YEAR 2008 ONE MARKS
MCQ 1.31 X is a uniformly distributed random variable that takes values between 0
and 1. The value of { } E X
3
will be
(A) 0 (B) 1/8
(C) 1/4 (D) 1/2
MCQ 1.32 The characteristic equation of a (3 3 # ) matrix P is defined as
( ) a I P 2 1 0
3 2
= = + + + =
If I denotes identity matrix, then the inverse of matrix P will be
(A) ( ) P P I 2
2
+ + (B) ( ) P P I
2
+ +
(C) ( ) P P I
2
+ + (D) ( ) P P I 2
2
+ +
MCQ 1.33 If the rank of a ( ) 5 6 # matrix Q is 4, then which one of the following
statement is correct ?
(A) Q will have four linearly independent rows and four linearly independent
columns
(B) Q will have four linearly independent rows and five linearly independent
columns
(C)
QQ
T
will be invertible
(D) Q Q
T
will be invertible
YEAR 2008 TWO MARKS
MCQ 1.34 Consider function ( ) ( 4) f x x
2 2
= where x is a real number. Then the
function has
(A) only one minimum (B) only tow minima
(C) three minima (D) three maxima
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MCQ 1.35 Equation e 1 0
x
= is required to be solved using Newtons method with an
initial guess x 1
0
= . Then, after one step of Newtons method, estimate x
1

of the solution will be given by
(A) 0.71828 (B) 0.36784
(C) 0.20587 (D) 0.00000
MCQ 1.36 A is m n # full rank matrix with m n > and I is identity matrix. Let matrix
' ( ) A A A A
1 T T
=
-
, Then, which one of the following statement is FALSE ?
(A) ' AAA A = (B) ( ') AA
2
(C) ' AA I = (D) ' ' AAA A =
MCQ 1.37 A differential equation / ( ) dx dt e u t
t 2
=
-
, has to be solved using trapezoidal
rule of integration with a step size . h 0 01 = s. Function ( ) u t indicates a unit
step function. If ( ) x 0 0 =
-
, then value of x at . t 0 01 = s will be given by
(A) 0.00099 (B) 0.00495
(C) 0.0099 (D) 0.0198
MCQ 1.38 Let P be a 2 2 # real orthogonal matrix and x is a real vector [ ] x , x
1 2
T
with
length ( ) x x x
/
1
2
2
2 1 2
= + . Then, which one of the following statements is
correct ?
(A) Px x # where at least one vector satisfies Px x <
(B) Px x # for all vector x
(C) Px x $ where at least one vector satisfies Px x >
(D) No relationship can be established between x and Px
YEAR 2007 ONE MARK
MCQ 1.39 x x x x
n 1 2
T
g =
8 B
is an n-tuple nonzero vector. The n n # matrix
V xx
T
=
(A) has rank zero (B) has rank 1
(C) is orthogonal (D) has rank n
YEAR 2007 TWO MARKS
MCQ 1.40 The differential equation
dt
dx x 1
=

-
is discretised using Eulers numerical
integration method with a time step T 0 > 3 . What is the maximum
permissible value of T 3 to ensure stability of the solution of the corresponding
discrete time equation ?
(A) 1 (B) /2
(C) (D) 2
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MCQ 1.41 The value of
( ) z
dz
1
C
2
+
#
where C is the contour / z i 2 1 = is
(A) i 2 (B)
(C) tan z
1 -
(D) tan i z
1
-
MCQ 1.42 The integral ( ) sin cos t d
2
1
0
2
#
equals
(A) sin cos t t (B) 0
(C) ( / )cos t 1 2 (D) (1/2)sint
MCQ 1.43 A loaded dice has following probability distribution of occurrences
Dice Value 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability 1/4 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4
If three identical dice as the above are thrown, the probability of occurrence
of values 1, 5 and 6 on the three dice is
(A) same as that of occurrence of 3, 4, 5
(B) same as that of occurrence of 1, 2, 5
(C) 1/128
(D) 5/8
MCQ 1.44 Let x and y be two vectors in a 3 dimensional space and x, y < > denote
their dot product. Then the determinant
det
x, x
y, x
x, y
y, y
< >
< >
< >
< >
= G
(A) is zero when x and y are linearly independent
(B) is positive when x and y are linearly independent
(C) is non-zero for all non-zero x and y
(D) is zero only when either x or y is zero
MCQ 1.45 The linear operation ( ) L x is defined by the cross product L(x) b x # = ,
where b 0 1 0
T
=
8 B
and x x x x
1 2 3
T
=
8 B
are three dimensional vectors. The
3 3 # matrix M of this operations satisfies
( ) M
x
x
x
L x
1
2
3
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
Then the eigenvalues of M are
(A) , , 0 1 1 + (B) , , 1 1 1
(C) , , i i 1 (D) , , i i 0
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Statement for Linked Answer Question 46 and 47.
Cayley-Hamilton Theorem states that a square matrix satisfies its own
characteristic equation. Consider a matrix
A
3
2
2
0
=

= G
MCQ 1.46 A satisfies the relation
(A) A I A 3 2 0
1
+ + =
-
(B) 2 2 0 A A I
2
+ + =
(C) ( )( ) A I A I 2 + + (D) ( ) 0 exp A =
MCQ 1.47 A
9
equals
(A) 511 510 A I + (B) 309 104 A I +
(C) 154 155 A I + (D) ( ) exp A 9
YEAR 2006 TWO MARKS
MCQ 1.48 The expression ( / ) V R h H dh 1
H
2 2
0
=
#
for the volume of a cone is equal
to
(A) ( / ) R h H dr 1
R
2 2
0

#
(B) ( / ) R h H dh 1
R
2 2
0

#
(C) ( / ) rH r R dh 2 1
H
0

#
(D) rH
R
r
dr 2 1
R
2
0

` j
#
MCQ 1.49 A surface ( , ) S x y x y 2 5 3 = + is integrated once over a path consisting of
the points that satisfy ( ) ( ) x y 1 2 1 2 2 + + = . The integral evaluates to
(A) 17 2 (B) 17 2
(C) / 2 17 (D) 0
MCQ 1.50 Two fair dice are rolled and the sum r of the numbers turned up is considered
(A) ( ) Pr r 6
6
1
> =
(B) Pr ( / r 3 is an integer)
6
5
=
(C) Pr ( / r r 8 4 ; = is an integer)
9
5
=
(D) ( 6 / Pr r r 5 ; = is an integer)
18
1
=
Statement for Linked Answer Question 51 and 52.
, , P Q R
10
1
3
2
5
9
2
7
12
T T T
=
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
are three vectors.
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MCQ 1.51 An orthogonal set of vectors having a span that contains P, Q, Ris
(A)
6
3
6
4
2
3
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
(B)
4
2
4
5
7
11
8
2
3

R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
(C)
6
7
1
3
2
2
3
9
4

R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
(D)
4
3
11
1
31
3
5
3
4
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
MCQ 1.52 The following vector is linearly dependent upon the solution to the previous
problem
(A)
8
9
3
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
(B)
2
17
30
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
(C)
4
4
5
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
(D)
13
2
3
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
YEAR 2005 ONE MARK
MCQ 1.53 In the matrix equation x q P = , which of the following is a necessary condition
for the existence of at least on solution for the unknown vector x
(A) Augmented matrix [ ] q P must have the same rank as matrix P
(B) Vector q must have only non-zero elements
(C) Matrix P must be singular
(D) Matrix P must be square
MCQ 1.54 If P and Q are two random events, then the following is TRUE
(A) Independence of P and Q implies that probability ( ) P Q 0 + =
(B) Probability ( ) P Q , $ Probability (P) + Probability (Q)
(C) If P and Q are mutually exclusive, then they must be independent
(D) Probability ( ) P Q + # Probability (P)
MCQ 1.55 If S x dx
3
1
=
3
-
#
, then S has the value
(A)
3
1
(B)
4
1
(C)
2
1
(D) 1
MCQ 1.56 The solution of the first order DE ' ( ) ( ) x t x t 3 = , (0) x x
0
= is
(A) ( ) x t x e
t
0
3
=
-
(B) ( ) x t x e
0
3
=
-
(C) ( ) x t x e
/
0
1 3
=
-
(D) ( ) x t x e
0
1
=
-
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YEAR 2005 TWO MARKS
MCQ 1.57 For the matrix p
3
0
0
2
2
0
2
1
1
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
, one of the eigen values is equal to 2
Which of the following is an eigen vector ?
(A)
3
2
1
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
(B)
3
2
1
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
(C)
1
2
3
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
(D)
2
5
0
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
MCQ 1.58 If R
1
2
2
0
1
3
1
1
2
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
, then top row of R
1 -
is
(A) 5 6 4
8 B
(B) 5 3 1
8 B
(C) 2 0 1
8 B
(D) / 2 1 1 2
8 B
MCQ 1.59 A fair coin is tossed three times in succession. If the first toss produces a
head, then the probability of getting exactly two heads in three tosses is
(A)
8
1
(B)
2
1
(C)
8
3
(D)
4
3
MCQ 1.60 For the function ( ) f x x e
x 2
=
-
, the maximum occurs when x is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 1
(C) 0 (D) 1
MCQ 1.61 For the scalar field u
x
y
2 3
2
2
= + , magnitude of the gradient at the point (1,
3) is
(A)
9
13
(B)
2
9
(C) 5 (D)
2
9
MCQ 1.62 For the equation '' ( ) ' ( ) ( ) x t x t x t 3 2 5 + + = ,the solution ( ) x t approaches
which of the following values as t " 3 ?
(A) 0 (B)
2
5
(C) 5 (D) 10
***********
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SOLUTION
SOL 1.1 Option (B) is correct.
Probability density function of uniformly distributed variables X and Y is
shown as

[ ( , )] max P x y
2
1
<
& 0
Since X and Y are independent.
[ ( , )] max P x y
2
1
<
& 0
P X P Y
2
1
2
1
< < =
b b l l
P X
2
1
<
b l
shaded area
4
3
= =
Similarly for Y : P Y
2
1
<
b l

4
3
=
So [ ( , )] max P x y
2
1
<
& 0

4
3
4
3
16
9
#
= =
Alternate method:
From the given data since random variables X and Y lies in the interval
[ , ] 1 1 as from the figure X, Y lies in the region of the square ABCD.
Probability for , 1/2 max X Y < 6 @ : The points for , / max X Y 1 2 < 6 @ will be
inside the region of square AEFG.
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So, , max P X Y
2
1
< 6 @
& 0

Area of square
Area of
ABCD
AEFG 4
=

2 2
2
3
2
3
16
9
#
#
= =
SOL 1.2 Option (A) is correct.
x i 1 = = cos sin i
2 2

= +
So, x e
i
2
=

x
x
e
i
x
2
=

^ h & e
i
i
2
^ h e
2
=

SOL 1.3 Option (C) is correct.

( ) f z
z z 1
1
3
2
=
+

+
( )
j
f z dz
2
1
C
#
= sum of the residues of the poles which lie inside the given
closed region.
C z 1 1 & + =
Only pole z 1 = inside the circle, so residue at z 1 = is.
( ) f z
( )( ) z z
z
1 3
1
=
+ +
+

( )( )
( )( )
lim
z z
z z
1 3
1 1
2
2
1
z 1
=
+ +
+ +
= =
"
So ( )
j
f z dz
2
1
C
#
1 =
SOL 1.4 Option (D) is correct.
t
dt
dx
x + t =

dt
dx
t
x
+ 1 =

dt
dx
Px + Q = (General form)
Integrating factor, IF e e e t
lnt
Pdt t
dt
1
= = = =
#
#
Solution has the form
x IF
#
Q IF dt C
#
= +
^ h #
x t
#
( )( ) t dt C 1 = +
#
xt
t
C
2
2
= +
Taking the initial condition
( ) x 1 . 0 5 =
0.5 C
2
1
= +
www.gatehelp.com
C 0 =
So, xt
t
2
2
= x
t
2
& =
Characteristic equation.
A I 0 =

5
2
3
0 =
5 6
2
+ + 0 =
5 6
2
+ + 0 =
Since characteristic equation satisfies its own matrix, so
5 6 A A
2
+ + 0 = 5 6 A A I
2
& =
Multiplying with A
5 6 A A A
3 2
+ + 0 =
5( 5 6 ) 6 A A I A
3
+ + 0 =
A
3
19 30 A I = +
( ) f x x x x 9 24 5
3 2
= + +

( )
dx
df x
x x 3 18 24 0
2
= + =
&
( )
dx
df x
6 8 0 x x
2
= + =
x 4 = , x 2 =

( )
dx
d f x
2
2
x 6 18 =
For , x 2 =
( )
dx
d f x
12 18 6 0 <
2
2
= =
So at , x 2 = ( ) f x will be maximum
( ) f x
max
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 9 2 24 2 5
3 2
= + +
8 36 48 5 = + + 25 =
Probability of appearing a head is / 1 2. If the number of required tosses is
odd, we have following sequence of events.
, H , TTH , ........... TTTTH
Probability P .....
2
1
2
1
2
1
3 5
= + + +
b b l l
www.gatehelp.com
P
2
1
1
4
1 3
2
=
=
Divergence of A in spherical coordinates is given as
A : d ( )
r r
r A
1
r
2
2
2
2
= ( )
r r
kr
1 n
2
2
2
2
=
+
( )
r
k
n r 2
n
2
1
= +
+
( ) k n r 2 0
n 1
= + =
(given)
n 2 + 0 =
n 2 =

( ) ( )
( )
dt
d y t
dt
dy t
y t
2
2
2
+ + ( ) t =
By taking Laplace transform with initial conditions
( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( )] ( ) s Y s sy
dt
dy
sy s y Y s 0 2 0
t
2
0
+ +
=
; E
1 =
& ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) s Y s s sY s Y s 2 0 2
2
+ + + +
6 6 @ @
1 =
( )[ ] Y s s s 2 1
2
+ + s 1 2 4 =
( ) Y s
s s
s
2 1
2 3
2
=
+ +

We know If, ( ) y t ( ) Y s
L
then,
( )
dt
dy t
( ) ( ) sY s y 0
L
So, ( ) ( ) sY s y 0
( )
( )
s s
s s
2 1
2 3
2
2
=
+ +

+

( ) s s
s s s s
2 1
2 3 2 4 2
2
2 2
=
+ +
+ + +
( ) ( ) sY s y 0
( ) ( ) ( ) s
s
s
s
s 1
2
1
1
1
1
2 2 2
=
+
+
=
+
+
+
+

( )
s
s
1
1
1
1
2
=
+
+
+
By taking inverse Laplace transform

( )
dt
dy t
( ) ( ) e u t te u t
t t
= +

At t 0 =
+
,
dt
dy
t 0 =
+
e 0 1
0
= + =
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x x x 1
3 2
+ + + 0 =
( ) ( ) x x x 1 1
2
+ + 0 =
( )( ) x x 1 1
2
+ + 0 =
or x 1 + 0 1 x & = =
and 1 x
2
+ 0 , x j j & = =
x 1, , j j =

dx
dy
e
x 3
=

dy e dx
x 3
=

by integrating, we get
y e K
3
1 x 3
= +
, where K is constant.
Z is Z 0 = where is around 45c or so.
Thus Z Z 45c = where Z 1 <
Y
Z
Z Z
1
45
1 1
45
c
c = = =
Y [ ] Z 1 1 > < a
So Y will be out of unity circle.
www.gatehelp.com
f
1
. sin x x 10 0 8
2 1
=
f
2
10 10 0.6 cos x x x
2
2
2 1
=
Jacobian matrix is given by
J
cos
sin
sin
cos
x
f
x
f
x
f
x
f
x x
x x
x
x x
10
10
10
20 10
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2 1
2 1
1
2 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= =
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
>
V
X
W
W
W
W
W
H
For 0, 1 x x
1 2
= = , J
10
0
0
10
=> H
( ) f x x x 2 3
2
= +
( ) f x l x 2 2 0 = =
x 1 =
( ) f x m 2 =
( ) f x m is negative for x 1 = , so the function has a maxima at x 1 = .
Let a signal ( ) p x is uniformly distributed between limits a to a + .
Variance
p
( ) x p x dx
a
a
2
=
#
x
a
dx
2
1
a
a
2
: =
#

a
x
2
1
3
a
a 3
=
: D

a a
6
2
3
3 2
= =
It means square value is equal to its variance
p
rms
2

a
3
p
2
= =
p
rms

a
3
=
We know that matrix A is equal to product of lower triangular matrix L and
upper triangular matrix U.
A L U =
6 6 @ @
only option (D) satisfies the above relation.
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Let the given two vectors are
X
1
[ , , ] 1 1 1 =
X
2
[ , , ] a a 1
2
=
Dot product of the vectors
X X
1 2
$ 1 a
a
a a X X 1 1 1
1
T
1 2
2
2
= = = + +
R
T
S
S
S
S
8
V
X
W
W
W
W
B
Where a 1 / j
2
1
2
3
2 3 = + =
so,
a a 1
2
+ + 0 = , X X
1 2
are orthogonal
Note: We can see that , X X
1 2
are not orthonormal as their magnitude is 1 !
P xe dx
x
0
1
= #
( )
dx
d
x e dx dx
x
0
1
0
1
x e dx
x
=
:
6
D
@
#
# #
( )e dx 1
x
0
1
0
1
xe
x
= 6 @ # ( 0) e
1
0
1
e
x
= 6 @
[ ] e e e
1 1 0
= 1 =
Radial vector r x y z i j k = + +
t t t
Divergence r 4$ =

x y z
x y z i j k i j k :
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + + + +
t t t t t t
c
_
m
i

x
x
y
y
z
z
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + + 1 1 1 = + + 3 =
No of white balls 4 = , no of red balls 3 =
www.gatehelp.com
If first removed ball is white then remaining no of balls 6(3 , 3 white red) =
we have 6 balls, one ball can be choose in C
6
1
ways, since there are three red
balls so probability that the second ball is red is
P
C
C
3
1
6
1
=
6
3
=
2
1
=
Function ( ) f t
sin
t
t
= sinct = has a maxima at 0 t = as shown below
Let eigen vector
X x x x
1 2 3
T
=
8 B
Eigen vector corresponding to 1
1
=
A I X
1

8 B
0 =

x
x
x
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
2
2
1
2
3
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W

0
0
0
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
x
2
0 =
x x 2 0
2 3
+ = x 0
3
& = (not given in the option)
2
=
A I X
2

8 B
0 =

x
x
x
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
2
3
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W

0
0
0
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
www.gatehelp.com
x x
1 2
+ 0 =
2 0 x
3
= x 0
3
& = (not given in options.)
3
=
A I X
3

8 B
0 =

x
x
x
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
1
2
3
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W

0
0
0
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
x x 2
1 2
+ 0 =
x x 2
2 3
+ 0 =
Put , x x 1 2
1 2
= = and x 1
3
=
So Eigen vector
X
x
x
x
1
2
3
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
1
2
1
1 2 1
T
= =
R
T
S
S
S
S
8
V
X
W
W
W
W
B
8
dt
d x
dt
dx
x 6
2
2
+ + 0 =
Taking Laplace transform (with initial condition) on both sides
( ) ( ) ' ( ) [ ( ) ( )] ( ) s X s sx x sX s x X s 0 0 6 0 8
2
+ + 0 =
( ) ( ) [ ( ) ] ( ) s X s s sX s X s 1 0 6 1 8
2
+ + 0 =
( )[ ] X s s s s 6 8 6
2
+ + 0 =
( ) X s
( )
( )
s s
s
6 8
6
2
=
+ +
+
By partial fraction
( ) X s
s s 2
2
4
1
=
+

+
Taking inverse Laplace transform
( ) x t ( ) e e 2
t t 2 4
=

Set of equations
x x x x 2 4
1 2 3 4
+ + + 2 = .....(1)
x x x x 3 6 3 12
1 2 3 4
+ + + 6 = .....(2)
or ( ) x x x x 3 2 4
1 2 3 4
+ + + 3 2
#
=
Equation (2) is same as equation(1) except a constant multiplying factor of
3. So infinite (multiple) no. of non-trivial solution exists.
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Let the matrix is A
a
c
b
d
=> H
Trace of a square matrix is sum of its diagonal entries
Trace A a d = + 2 =
Determinent ad bc 35 =
Eigenvalue A I 0 =

a
c
b
d
0 =
( )( ) a d bc 0 =
( ) ( ) a d ad bc
2
+ + 0 =
( ) ( ) 2 35
2
+ 0 =
2 35
2
+ 0 =
( )( ) 5 7 + 0 =
,
1 2
, 5 7 =
Given constraints x y >
2
and y x >
2
h
Limit of y : y 0 = to y 1 =
Limit of x : x y
2
= to x y x y
2
& = =
So volume under ( , ) f x y
V ( , ) f x y dx dy
x y
x y
y
y
0
1
2
=
=
=
=
=
# #
No of events of at least two people in the room being born on same date
C
n
2
=
three people in the room being born on same date C
n
3
=
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Similarly four for people C
n
4
=
Probability of the event, 0.5
N
C C C C
N 7
n
n n n
n 2 3 4
&
$ $ g
$ =
SOL 1.28 Option ( ) is correct.
Assume a Cubic polynomial with real Coefficients
( ) P x a x a x a x a
0
3
1
3
2 3
= + + + , , , a a a a
0 1 2 3
are real
' ( ) P x a x a x a 3 2
0
2
1 2
= + +
'' ( ) P x a x a 6 2
0 1
= +
''' ( ) P x 6a
0
=
( ) P x
iv
0 =
An iterative sequence in Newton-Raphsons method is obtained by following
expression
x
k 1 +

' ( )
( )
x
f x
f x
k
k
k
=
( ) f x x 117
2
=
' ( ) f x x 2 =
So ( ) f x
k
x 117
k
2
=
' ( ) f x
k
x 2 2 117
k #
= =
So x
k 1 +

117
x
x
x
2
k
k
k
2
=

x x
x 2
1 117
k k
k
= +
: D
Equation of straight line
y 2 ( ) x
2 0
0 2
0 =
y 2 x =
F dl $ [( ) ( ) ] [ ] x xy y xy dx dy dz a a a a a
x y x y z
2 2
= + + + + +
t t t t t
( ) ( ) x xy dx y xy dy
2 2
= + + +
Limit of x : 0 to 2
Limit of y : 2 to 0
F dl $ # ( ) ( ) x xy dx y xy dy
2 2
2
0
0
2
= + + + # #
Line y 2 x =
dy dx =
So F dl $ # [ ( )] ( ) x x x dx y y y dy 2 2
2
0
2
2
2
0
= + + + # #
xdx y dy 2 2
2
0
0
2
= + # #
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x
y
2
2
2
2
2
0
2 2
2
0
= +
: ; D E
4 4 = 0 =
X is uniformly distributed between 0 and 1
So probability density function
( ) f X
X

1, 0 1
0,
x
otherwise
< <
=
)
So, { } E X
3
( ) X f X dx
X
3
0
1
= # ( ) X dx 1
3
0
1
= #

X
4
4
0
1
=
: D

4
1
=
According to CAYLEY-HAMILTON Theorem every non-singular square
matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation.
Characteristic equation
( ) a I P = 2 1 0
3 2
= + + + =
Matrix P satisfies above equation
P P P I 2
3 2
+ + + 0 =
I ( ) P P P 2
3 2
= + +
Multiply both sides by P
1
P
1
( 2 ) P P I
2
= + +
Rank of a matrix is no. of linearly independent rows and columns of the
matrix.
Here Rank ( ) Q 4 =
So Q will have 4 linearly independent rows and flour independent columns.
Given function
( ) f x ( ) x 4
2 2
=
' ( ) f x ( ) x x 2 4 2
2
=
To obtain minima and maxima
' ( ) f x 0 =
( ) x x 4 4
2
0 =
, x x 0 4 0
2
= = x 2 & ! =
So, x 0, 2, 2 = +
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'' ( ) f x ( ) ( ) x x x 4 2 4 4
2
= + x 12 16
2
=
For , '' ( ) ( ) x f 0 0 12 0 16 16 0 <
2
= = = (Maxima)
, '' ( ) ( ) x f 2 2 12 2 16 32 0 >
2
=+ = = (Minima)
, '' ( ) ( ) x f 2 2 12 2 16 32 0 >
2
= = = (Minima)
So ( ) f x has only two minima
An iterative sequence in Newton-Raphson method can obtain by following
expression
x
n 1 +

' ( )
( )
x
f x
f x
n
n
n
=
We have to calculate x
1
, so n 0 =
x
1

' ( )
( )
x
f x
f x
0
0
0
= , Given x 1
0
=
( ) f x
0
1 e e 1
x 1 0
= =
. 0 63212 =
' ( ) f x
0
e e
x 1 0
= =

. 0 36787 =
So, x
1

( . )
( . )
1
0 36787
0 63212
=

. 1 1 71832 = + . 0 71832 =
' A ( ) A A A
T T 1
=

( ) A A A
T T 1 1
=

A I
1
=

Put ' A A I
1
=

in all option.
option (A) ' AAA A =
AA A
1
A =
A A = (true)
option (B) ( ') AA
2
I =
( ) AA I
1 2
I =
( ) I
2
I = (true)
option (C) ' AA I =
A IA
1
I =
I I = (true)
option (D) ' AAA ' A =
AA IA
1
' A A = =Y (false)
www.gatehelp.com

dt
dx
( ) e u t
t 2
=

x ( ) e u t dt
t 2
=

# e dt
t 2
0
1
=

#
( ) f t dt
0
1
= # ,
t .01 = s
From trapezoid rule
( ) f t dt
t
t nh
0
0 +
# ( ) (. )
h
f f
2
0 01 = +
6 @
( ) f t dt
0
1
#
.
e e
2
01 . 0 02
= +

6 @
, . h 01 =
.0099 =
P is an orthogonal matrix So PP I
T
=
Let assume P
cos
sin
sin
cos
=

> H
PX
cos
sin
sin
cos
x x
T
1 2
=

>
8
H
B

cos
sin
sin
cos
x
x
1
2
=

> > H H
cos sin
sin cos
x x
x x
1 2
1 2

=

+
> H
PX ( ) ( ) cos sin sin cos x x x x
1 2
2
1 2
2
= + +
x x
1
2
2
2
= +
PX X =
x x x x
n 1 2
T
g =
8 B
V xx
T
=

x
x
x
x
x
x
n n
1
2
1
2
h h
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
So rank of V is n.
Given
z
dz
1
C
2
+
#
( )( ) z i z i
dz
C
=
+
#
www.gatehelp.com
Contour z
i
2
1 =
P(0, 1) lies inside the circle 1 z
i
2
= and ( , ) P 0 1 does not lie.
So by Cauchys integral formula

z
dz
1
C
2
+
# 2 ( )
( )( )
lim i z i
z i z i
1
z i
=
+ "
lim i
z i
2
1
z i
=
+ "
i
i
2
2
1
#
= =
Probability of occurrence of values 1,5 and 6 on the three dice is
( , , ) P 1 5 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) P P P 1 5 6 =

4
1
8
1
4
1
# #
=
128
1
=
In option (A)
( , , ) P 3 4 5 ( ) ( ) ( ) P P P 3 4 5 =

8
1
8
1
8
1
# #
=
512
1
=
In option (B)
( , , ) P 1 2 5 ( ) ( ) ( ) P P P 1 2 5 =

4
1
8
1
8
1
# #
=
256
1
=
det
x x
y x
x y
y y
$
$
$
$
> H ( )( ) ( )( ) x x y y x y y x : : : : =
0 = only when x or y is zero
For characteristic equation

3
1
2
0

> H 0 =
or ( )( ) 3 2 + 0 =
( )( ) 1 2 + + 0 =
According to Cayley-Hamiliton theorem
www.gatehelp.com
( )( ) A I A I 2 + + 0 =
According to Cayley-Hamiliton theorem
( )( ) A I A I 2 + + 0 =
or A A I 3 2
2
+ + 0 =
or A
2
( ) A I 3 2 = +
or A
4
( ) ( ) A I A A I 3 2 9 12 4
2 2
= + = + +
9( 3 2 ) 12 4 A I A I = + + 15 14 A I =
A
8
( ) A I A A 15 14 225 420 196
2 2
= = + +
225( 3 2 ) 420 196 A I A I = + + 255 254 A I =
A
9
255 254 A A
2
=
255( 3 2 ) 254 A I A = A I 511 510 = +
Volume of the cone
V R
H
h
dh 1
H
2
0
2
=
b l
#
Solving the above integral
V R H
3
1 2
=
Solve all integrals given in option only for option (D)
rH
R
r
dr 2 1
R
0
2

a k
# R H
3
1 2
=
By throwing dice twice 6 6 36
#
= possibilities will occur. Out of these
sample space consist of sum 4, 8 and 12 because / r 4 is an integer. This can
occur in following way :
(1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2) and (6, 6)
Sample Space 9 =
Favourable space is coming out of 8 5 =
Probability of coming out 8
9
5
=
www.gatehelp.com
Matrix equation PX q = has a unique solution if
( ) P ( ) r =
Where ( ) P " rank of matrix P
( ) r " rank of augmented matrix [ ] P
r : P q =
8 B
for two random events conditional probability is given by
( ) probability P Q + ( ) ( ) probability probability P Q =
( ) Q probability
( )
( )
P
P Q
1
probability
probability +
# =
so ( ) P Q probability + ( ) P probability #
S x dx
3
1
=
3

#
x
2
2
1
=
3
: D

2
1
=
We have ( ) x t
o
( ) x t 3 =
or ( ) 3 ( ) x t x t +
o
0 =
A.E. D 3 + 0 =
Thus solution is ( ) x t C e
t
1
3
=

From ( ) x x 0
0
= we get C
1
x
0
=
Thus ( ) x t x e
t
0
3
=

For eigen value 2 =

( )
( )
( )
x
x
x
3 2
0
0
2
2 2
0
2
1
1 2
1
2
3

R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W

0
0
0
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W

x
x
x
5
0
0
2
0
0
2
1
1
1
2
3
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W

0
0
0
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
x x x 5 2
1 2 3
+ 0 =
C
11
( ) 2 3 5 = =
www.gatehelp.com
C
21
( ( )) 0 3 3 = =
C
31
( ( )) 1 1 = =
R ( )C C C 1 2 2
11 21 31
= + + 5 6 2 = + 1 =
If the toss produces head, then for exactly two head in three tosses three
tosses there must produce one head in next two tosses. The probability of
one head in two tosses will be 1/2.
We have ( ) f x x e
x 2
=

or ' ( ) f x xe x e 2
x x 2
=

( ) xe x 2
x
=
'' ( ) f x ( ) x x e 4 2
x 2
= +

Now for maxima and minima, ' ( ) f x 0 =
( ) xe x 2
x
0 =
or x , 0 2 =
at x 0 = '' ( ) f 0 1( ) ve = +
at x 2 = '' ( ) f 2 2 ( ) e ve
2
=
Now '' ( ) f 0 1 = and '' ( ) f e 2 2 0 <

2
=

. Thus x 2 = is point of maxima
u 4
x y
u i j
2
2
2
2
= +
t t
c m

x
u
y
u
i j
2
2
2
2
= +
t t
x y i j
3
2
= +
t t
At (1, 3) magnitude is u 4 x y
3
2 2
2
= +
b l
1 4 = + 5 =
( )
dt
d x
dt
dx
x t
3
2
2
2
+ + 5 =
Taking Laplace transform on both sides of above equation.
( ) ( ) ( ) s X s sX s X s 3 2
2
+ +
s
5
=
( ) X s
( ) s s s 3 2
5
2
=
+ +
From final value theorem
( ) limx t
t "3
( ) limX s
s 0
=
"

( )
lims
s s s 3 2
5
s 0
2
=
+ +
"

2
5
=
***********

Engineering Mathematics With Solutions

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Engineering Mathematics With Solutions

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CHAPTER 1

The numerical value of

> H is decomposed into a product of a lower

SOL 1.3 Option (C) is correct.

Now '' ( ) f 0 1 = and '' ( ) f e 2 2 0 <

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