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1. Suppose the water that gets out of the tower
has his temperature 5C more than the wet
bulb temperature at the inlet of the gas.
2. Obtain the Psychometric chart of the air at the
Medellin atmospheric pressure.
3. Graph the air saturation enthalpy (axis y)
respect to the water flow temperature range
(axis x).
4. Plot the operation line. It consists in a straight
line between the water temperature at the inlet
and outlet of the tower (axis x) vs. the enthalpy
of the gas in the same points (axis y).
5. Plot the minimum operation line. In order to do
this, it must be taken the outlet conditions
point (lower point of the operation line) and
then trace a tangent line to the saturation
curve.
Definition:
=
1
2
(1)
Where:
(2)
Where:
(3)
Z: packing height.
7. Solve equation (2)
Oversizing factor :
1. Obtain the minimum operation line slope:
=
(
2
1
)
(
2
1
)
(4)
Definition:
=
(5)
Where:
L': water mass flow
(6)
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Each figure contains the equilibrium curve for the saturated air and also the operating
line and the minimum operating line
and
(/
3
. ) 3,3492 2,2758
0,9682 0,7802
() 0,4462 0,5537
Oversizing results:
It can be seen that for both packing the relation
between
and
,
obtains values greater
than 1, which means that in both cases the tower is
oversized in a value greater than twice.
Therefore, it is possible to conclude that both towers
have an oversizing greater than 200%, which
indicates that the air flow used during the tower
operation greatly exceeds the minimum air flow
through which it would be possible to obtain the
same inlet and outlet conditions.
In this case, the oversizing is a bit high, which is of
very important care because it implies an
unnecessary increase in the equipment operation
cost and air flow wastage.
This situation can lead to two possible solutions:
reduce fan power or increase the packing height in
order to take advantage of this air excess and
increase the cooling effect.
G's
(Kg/m^2*s
)
G's min
(Kg/m^2*s
)
Oversizing
Original Packing 1,4944 0,0159 2,1288
Designed Packing 1,2601 0,0153 2,1297
Is important see that the results presented could be influenced by errors in measurements and by
incorrectly operating mechanisms. Some of these negative factors could be the distribution of the liquid
at the inlet to the tower which wasn't uniformly, the contact of the liquid with the walls of the tower
could possibly generate wet wall cooling, as may also exist inaccuracies in the measurement method for
the wet bulb temperature. All of this would influence the results for the overall coefficient of mass
transfer and for the oversizing
CONCLUSIONS
Molecular mass transport is mainly due to a concentration gradient, but sometimes may be due to a
temperature gradient which additionally generates an energy transfer. Therefore the mass transfer operations
are usually accompanied by a heat transfer.
The use of packing in cooling towers is of vital importance in these processes, due to they facilitate and provide
the necessary conditions for the mass and heat transfer phenomena generation.
Shape, size and others packing characteristics have a huge influence in the packing effectiveness. Therefore, the
proper selection and design of the packing can significantly increase or decrease the cooling process and tower
efficiency.
The consideration and analysis of concepts as
and