Low Consumption Building, Spain - Denmark (English)

LOW CONSUMPTION
BUILDING

SREN ALR SKOVBO

CAMPOS PEREZ, CAROLINA 204218
ELEMENTAL CONSERVATORY
OF MUSIC IN SPAIN

Low Consumption Building
Conservatory in Spain
2013

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INDEX OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 9
2. CONCEPT OF LOW CONSUMPTION BUILDING ................................................................. 9
2.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 STRUCTURAL FEATURES .......................................................................................... 10
Solar design and glazing .................................................................................. 11
Insulation, thermal bridges, and air-tightness ................................................ 13
Mechanical heat recovery ventilation system ................................................. 14
3. CURRENT SITUATION OF THE BUILDING ....................................................................... 15
3.1 FOUNDATIONS .......................................................................................................... 16
3.2 STRUCTURE .............................................................................................................. 16
3.3 FACADE ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.4 COVER ....................................................................................................................... 19
3.5 INTERIOR WALLS OR PARTITIONS ........................................................................... 21
3.6 COATINGS ................................................................................................................. 21
3.6.1 HORIZONTAL COATINGS ............................................................................... 21
3.6.2 VERTICAL COATINGS .................................................................................... 25
3.7 CARPENTRY .............................................................................................................. 28
3.8 INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................... 30
4. OUR BUILDING TRACKING THROUGH BE10 PROGRAM ............................................... 30
4.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 30
4.2 BUILDING ENVELOPE ............................................................................................... 32
External walls, Roofs and Floors ...................................................................... 32
Foundations ....................................................................................................... 34
Windows and outer doors ................................................................................. 35
Unheated rooms................................................................................................ 40
4.3 VENTILATION ............................................................................................................. 40
4.4 INTERNAL HEAT SUPPLY .......................................................................................... 42
4.5 LIGHTING ................................................................................................................... 43
4.6 OTHER EL.CONSUMPTION: ...................................................................................... 46
4.7 MECHANICAL COOLING ............................................................................................ 46
4.8 HEAT DISTRIBUTION PLANT ..................................................................................... 46
4.9 DOMESTIC HOT WATER ............................................................................................ 46
4.10 SUPPLY ...................................................................................................................... 46
5. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS ...................................................................................... 47

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6. SEARCHING FOR SOLUTIONS ......................................................................................... 48
7. CHECKING THE IMPROVEMENT PROVIDED BY BE10 PROGRAM ................................ 50
7.1 EXTERNAL WALL, ROOFS AND FLOORS .................................................................. 50
7.2 FOUNDATION ............................................................................................................ 55
7.3 WINDOWS AND OUTER DOORS ............................................................................... 56
7.4 VENTILATION ............................................................................................................. 61
7.5 INTERNAL HEAT SUPPLY .......................................................................................... 61
7.6 LIGHTING ................................................................................................................... 61
7.7 MECHANICAL COOLING ............................................................................................ 63
7.8 HEAT DISTRIBUTION PLANT, DOMESTIC HOT WATER AND SUPPLY ..................... 63
8. INTERPRETATION OF NEW RESULTS ............................................................................. 70
9. ECONOMIC ASPECT ......................................................................................................... 71
10. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................. 84
11. PURPOSE AND GROUP WORK EXPERIENCE ................................................................. 86
12. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WEBSITES CONSULTED ............................................................... 87

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INDEX OF TABLES AND FIGURES
TABLES
Table 1 : Percentage of window area should be on each faade

11
Table 2 : Some values for windows of low-energy building

12
Table 3 : Minimum thermal insulation according to BR10

12
Table 4 : The buildings heat capacity

31
Table 5 : External walls layers

33
Table 6 : Slabs layers

33
Table 7 : External wall, roofs and floor

34
Table 8 : Linear loss

34

34

35
Table 11 : Foundation

35
Table 12 : Solar transmittance

36
Table 13 : Windows and outer doors

37
Table 14 : Shading

39
Table 15 : Ventilation

42
Table 16 : Internal heat supply

42
Table 17 : Zones of Lighting

43
Table 18 : Daylight factor

44
Table 19 : Lighting

45
Table 20 : Hot water

46
Table 21 : New external walls layers

50
Table 22 : New external wall, roofs and floor (1)

50
Table 23 : New roofs layers

51

51
Table 25 : New floors layers

52

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Table 26 : U-value in bathrooms

53

53
Table 28 : New slabs layers

54

54

55
Table 31 : New linear loss foundations

55
Table 32 : New foundation

56
Table 33 : Properties of the new window 57

Table 34 : New Solar transmittance 58

Table 35 : New Windows and outer doors 59

Table 36 : New lighting 62

Table 37 : Zones of lighting 63

Table 38 : Heat distribution plant 64

Table 39 : Pump 64

Table 40 : New hot water 65

Table 41 : PumpCirc 65

Table 42 : Heat pump 66

Table 43 : Technical data heat pump 66

Table 44 : Results of PVGIS program 68

Table 45 : Work plaster face indoors.

72
Table 46 : Chopped render plaster indoors

73
Table 47 : Insulation inside of the double-skin facade of facing brick

73
Table 48 : System "KNAUF" of Direct plasterboard, of gypsum boards, in inte-
rior partitions

74
Table 49 : Thermal and acoustic mortar for interior coating.

74
Table 50 : Plastic paint over exterior walls.

74
Table 51 : Table 51: Plastic paint on interior walls of gypsum board or pro-
jected plaster

75

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Table 52 : budget of external walls

75
Table 53 : Demolition of continuous false ceiling plates

76
Table 54 : False ceiling plate rockwool.

76
Table 55 : Insulation of floating floors with extruded polystyrene.

76
Table 56 : Thin layer of self-leveling cement mortar (CT), (2-10 mm)

76
Table 57 : Flexible textile flooring

77
Table 58 : budget of floor

77
Table 59 : Demolition of continuous false ceiling of plates.

78
Table 60 : False ceiling of plate rockwool.

78
Table 61 : Insulation of floating floors with expanded polystyrene

78
Table 62 : budget of roof

78
Table 63 : Demolition of pavement cement / terrazzo

79
Table 64 : Sheet for waterproofing and uncoupling under ceramic or natural
stone floor

80
Table 65 : Insulation of floating floors with extruded polystyrene.

80
Table 66 : Thin layer (2-10 mm) self-leveling cement mortar (CT).

80
Table 67 : Multi-layer parquet

80
Table 68 : Budget of floor

81
Table 69 : Budget of windows

82
Table 70 : Removing installation of air conditioning.

82
Table 71 : Budget of lighting

83

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FIGURES

Figure 1 : Schema of the input sequence for the design of a low energy
non-residential building

10
Figure 2

: Application of overhangs in summer and winter 11
Figure 3

: Cross section through a triple glazed insulated window and frame 11
Figure 4

: Thermal envelope details of Best Practice example in Denmark 13
Figure 5

: A blower door test 13
Figure 6

:Ventilation system and components 14
Figure 7

: Wall of bricks faade with detached coating 16
Figure 8

: Wall of bricks faade with detached coating 16
Figure 9

: Plateau that connects the two separate areas of ground floor 17
Figure 10

: Flight of stairs 17
Figure 11

: Ground floor staircase

17
Figure 12

: Terrazzo staircase section 17
Figure 13

: Flight of stairs with hydraulic tile ground floor to plateau 17
Figure 14

: Main faade, entrance area 18
Figure 15

: Main facade 18
Figure 16

: Southeast facade, second building entrance 19
Figure 17

: Northeast faade, backside of building 19
Figure 18

: Northeast faade, ramp disabled people access area

19
Figure 19

: Northwest facade 19
Figure 20

: Interior of the roof trusses 20
Figure 21

: Head constituent beam trusses to strengthen

20
Figure 22

:Skirts cover old tile and eaves 21
Figure 23 : False ceiling of the students bathrooms

22
Figure 24 : Coated plaster ceiling, ground floor classroom

22
Figure 25

: Coated plaster ceiling, ground floor cracks 22
Figure 26 : Plasterboard demountable false ceiling, first floor 23

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Figure 27

: Plasterboard demountable false ceiling, first floor

23
Figure 28

: Bathroom flooring, ground and first floor 23
Figure 29

: Bathroom flooring, ground and first floor 23
Figure 30

: Ground floor flooring

24
Figure 31

: Ground floor flooring
:
24
Figure 32

: Tile placed in first floor stairs 24
Figure 33

: Ground floor stairs, terrazo 24
Figure 34

: Coating staircase, wide stairs 24
Figure 35

: Section of first floor flooring without uncoated 25
Figure 36

: First floor classroom flooring 25
Figure 37

: First floor common area flooring 25
Figure 38

: Classroom coating 26
Figure 39

: Classroom inner wall uncoated only with mortar, first floor 26
Figure 40

: Outer wall, second entrance 26
Figure 41

: Landslides in facade 26
Figure 42

: Flaws in facade 27
Figure 43

: Students (boys) bathroom 27
Figure 44

: Students (girls) bathroom 27
Figure 45 : Teachers and disabled people bathroom

28
Figure 46

: Interior doors, two sheets

28
Figure 47

: Interior doors for bathrooms 28
Figure 48

: Exterior carpentry 29
Figure 49

: Main entrance door, like side entrance door 29
Figure 50

: Main entrance door, like side entrance door 29
Figure 51

: Spain map 30
Figure 52

: Map of Madrid 30
Figure 53 : Buildings plan 30

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Figure 54 : Floors layers

32
Figure 55 : Roofs layers

32
Figure 56 : Zone types according to losses

35
Figure 57 : New orientation

36
Figure 58 : Determining of horizon angle

39
Figure 59 : Determining the angle for eave

39
Figure 60 : Determining of angle to the right or left 39

Figure 61 : Heating demand calculation results distributed for each month

48
Figure 62

: Detail of new external wall 50
Figure 63

: Detail of new roof 51
Figure 64

: Detail of new floor

52
Figure 65

: Detail of new slab 54
Figure 66 : New window

57
Figure 67 : Examples of electronic ballasts system.

61
Figure 68 : Examples of electronic ballasts system

61
Figure 69 : PGVIS sun irradiation tool provided by the EU

67
Figure 70 : Area to system photovoltaic panels

69
Figure 71 : PV panel

70
Figure 72 : Slope of panels

70
Figure 73 : New heating demand calculation results distributed for each month

71
Figure 74 : First results of key numbers

84
Figure 75 : Final results of key numbers

85

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1. INTRODUCTION
Energy efficiency is a much discussed issue nowadays. People know that
usual energy sources are becoming more expensive, they are depleting, and many
countries depend on those who have the reserves of fossil fuels. Besides, ecological
situation becomes worse because of burning of fossil fuels. These two problems
have become very serious and have a global scale. Thats why many countries have
included energy efficiency in their energy policy.
There are a lot of technologies which are developing in correspondence with
energy saving ideas. One of these is the development of low consumption building.
Low consumption building is a way of construction, where the building consumes
minimum of energy by means of its constructive and engineering features and
doesnt need a heating system at all. The main principle of designing of this house is
using all methods of heat storage. And it is necessary in such kind of buildings to
provide all the energy by means of alternative energy sources.
The idea of this work is that the low consumption building is situated in Madrid
(Spain), for this reason will apply Spanish regulations in all aspects of construction.
Besides this, we also use the Danish legislation whenever necessary because the
simulation is carried out with the Danish BE10 program which is defined with these
rules. The main objective of this work is the study of old buildings that has not ener-
getic consideration and propose different improvements that can be implanted in it to
adapt to a low-energy building.
In this work, there will be different kinds of alternatives, such as change of ma-
terials with low thermal resistance, contribution of renewable energy (solar panels
...)... The first part of this study describes the basics of the low consumption con-
struction. In the next part we make a presentation of the current situation of our
building, building characteristics, energy
After that proceed to entering data in the BE10 program for later analyze the
energy balance of the building. Once the current building goes making various im-
provements in aspects that we have named above simulated. After analyzing all
possible alternatives, we will model building, which meet the more energy-efficient
solutions.

2. CONCEPT OF LOW CONSUMPTION BUILDING

This chapter will cover the development of low-consumption buildings in
Denmark, and the theory behind their construction.

2.1 DEFINITION

In Denmark low-energy houses are defined in the national building regulation
BR10 in chapter 7.2.4 Low-energy (Regulation BR10). In this point, it is divided into
two classes; low-energy buildings class 1 and class 2 (Danish Enterprise and Con-
struction Authority). The classification system and requirements on low-energy build-

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ings were introduced in 2006 and are based on the EU-directive on EPBD
(2002/91/EC) (Svendsen/Tommerup, 2006).
The original definition is:
A low-consumption house is a building in which a comfortable interior climate can
be maintained without active heating and cooling systems.
This is similar to the current definition, updated with modern methods and
more exact formulations:
A low-consumption house is a building in which thermal comfort [UNE-EN
ISO 7730] can be guaranteed by post-heating or post-cooling the fresh-air mass flow
required for a good indoor quality
The most important factors to consider in a building to achieve low-energy
building properties are however almost unchanged, only the methods to accomplish
them have changed. The following are common ways of accomplishing it:
Improve insulation in the building envelope, including windows
Utilize energy from the sun for heating during the winter
Shade the sun during summer to avoid over-temperatures
Increase thermal mass, in order to dampen indoor temperature changes
Compact building in order to lower building envelope/heated area ratio
Place appropriate windows in the different directions
Harness energy from appliances and inhabitants
Build air-tight building to reduce losses of heated air
Use mechanical ventilation with a heat exchanger

2.2 STRUCTURAL FEATURES

As a low energy house is a special building with its own standard there are
some construction and engineering features which serve for reaching the above
properties. These features are described in the following chapter.

Figure 1. Schema of the input sequence for the design of a low energy non-residential building

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Solar design and glazing
The house should be situated in such site where it can gain maximum
of sun rays in winter without any shading from trees and other objects. The
next issue which must be taken into account is the amount of glazing and
window orientation. In the following table the percentage of window area
should be shown on each facade:

FACADE PERCENTAGE OF GLAZING AREA
NORTH 10%
EAST 25%
SOUTH 40%
WEST 25%
Table 1. Percentage of window area should be on each facade

It is also necessary to take into account possible summer overheating.
So for cold climates overhangs should be designed so that they can fully
shade the windows on the southern side during summer and not to shade the
sun in winter time.

Figure 2. Application of overhangs in summer and winter

Certainly, passive solar design has to be
decided along with other passive house fea-
tures, which will be described further. It is also
very important to avoid irregular architectural
shapes in the houses design. Dormers, roof-
windows, bay windows, long and narrow exten-
sions to the main body, split-levels, are all ex-
amples of features that cost energy in practice.
Besides the orientation and overhangs windows
should have triple low-remittance glazing and
well insulated frames.

Figure 3. Cross section through a
triple glazed insulated window and
frame

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Low-energy building Standard gives a very low U-value for windows
which can be achieved only by triple glazing, especially in northern countries.
Firstly it is made for the comfort of the occupants, because during winter the
coldest surface will be the window. And as low-consumption house dont have
heat emitters it is very important that the temperature difference between the
coldest surface (window) and the mean surface temperature in the room
should not exceed 3 C. Many windows manufactured in Europe are certified
in the Passivhaus Institut, so it is always better to use Passivhausn certified
windows to avoid uncertainty with required U-values.
In some cases the so called heat mirror glazing can be used, especially
in cold climates. Heat Mirror glazing has only two panes of glass; between the
inner and outer panes are one, two, or three plastic films that create separate
air spaces.
Nevertheless, in cold climate, passive solar design is not of main impor-
tance, because there are very few sun shine periods in winter. So thats why
the main emphasis should be made on the building structure, notably on insu-
lation of the building envelope.

Kind of Window Uw U w, inst g-value
3 layer energy glaz-
ing
0,8 W/m/K 0,85 W/m/K 50-55%
Table 2. Some values for windows of low-energy bui8ding

The building materials in passive solar design
play an important role too. The materials with high
thermal mass should be used, such as brick, stone,
ceramic tile, concrete. These materials store heat and
lose it very slowly. A certain amount of mass is added
depending on the amount of glazing.

Table 3. Minimum thermal insulation according to BR10

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Insulation, thermal bridges, and air-tightness
Insulation of a passive house plays the most important role in its heat
storage. As it was mentioned earlier, the exact U-values for choosing the insu-
lation for a passive house are given in Passivhaus Standard.

Figure 4. Thermal envelope details of Best Practice example in Denmark

Thermal bridges
Heat losses through the joints, corners, and edges are usually higher
than through the walls, roof, and floor. Besides the insulation the low-
energy building shouldnt have any thermal bridges. Because of thermal
bridges there are undesirable heat losses. There are a lot of solutions to
minimize these thermal bridges, depending on a certain case.
This requires the building designer to identify and locate all potential
thermal bridging in the construction, applying careful specification and de-
tailing of those elements providing where possible a continuous layer of
insulation, as well as taking care to execute those elements on site as per
design details.

Air tightness

One of the most im-
portant features of a low
energy building without
which the house cant be
considered low consump-
tion is air-tightness. All
the insulation and correct
glazing will be ineffective
if there are air leakages
through the building
envelope. An air-tight
building can be effective-
ly achieved by two differ-
ent ways. First way is two
skin plaster system. All
the openings should be
sealed into the plaster.
The second alternative is
air-tight membrane.
Figure 5. A blower door test

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It can be either stuck into the walls by a special adhesive or by counter
battening the walls and sticking membrane into this. The theory behind
air-tightness is that you should be able to draw a continuous line around
the inside of your house showing the air-tight barrier, returning to your
start point without lifting pen from paper.
To achieve air-tightness its not only the responsibility of designers but
also a qualified workmanship is needed along with building materials of
good quality. After the building envelope of the house is finished air-
tightness should be verified by a door blower test.

Mechanical heat recovery ventilation system
The precondition for a low energy building to meet the Low-
consumption Standard is to use heat recovery unit in ventilation system when
the system itself is mechanical supply- exhaust ventilation. As there are no air
leakages through the building envelope and the building is air-tight, the ne-
cessary amount of fresh air should be supplied mechanically as well as the
exhaust air should be removed. The occupants can still open the windows but
in cold periods of the year there can be caused extra heat losses.
So opening the window is not necessary as the ventilation system
brings the fresh filtered air continuously. Air distribution type should be cas-
cade-flow ventilation principle. It means that the air is supplied to a room and
the pollutions are removed efficiently.

Figure 6. Ventilation system and components

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3. CURRENT SITUATION OF THE BUILDING
The building is for public use, in particular its use prior to closing has been
teaching, it is isolated within a large plot with open areas for games and sports. It
has a very functional style and with few decorative elements, although the facade is
adorned with bows in the windows on the upper floor of the main facade, fascia lines,
cornices and eaves grenadine tradition, made with brick.
Currently the building is obsolete because it was public primary school, but it
was closed to be moved to another building in another area.
The building consists of two large bodies of building assembled together, the
main two-story U-shaped and the second the same number of plants, L-shaped,
overlapping one arm to the first body.
The building presents a set of volumes generated by the two bodies, and
wherein the eaves form a key role.
The facades are very functional and simple, as they have many holes, which
provide great illumination inside enclosures.
As reflected above, the building has two floors above ground, ground and first
floor.

GROUND FLOOR:
In the ground floor we have two different entrances, one on the main faade,
which is accessed by a staircase of 6 steps or a ramp next to the stairs, consisting of
two sections and a small plateau ramp, also accessed by the front southeast, we
have access to the other is achieved by a double ramp, which directly accesses the
building with fall protection to prevent side height brick factory coated with a particu-
lar form, which serves as the railing.
Inasmuch as the building is not at the level of the ground, but that is an upper
bound specifically to +0.953 m, height 0.00 m taken as the level of the ground out-
side , so it is always accessed ascending , either ramp or staircase .
Once inside the ground floor we have two levels or heights of land, one in
which we find the classrooms and other rooms or just a plateau that is accessed by
both front doors by two flights of stairs, part from which the staircase rises to the first
floor or second floor, this plateau has a height from the ground floor level of 1.53 me-
ters, therefore a level of 2,483 m.
Different local we find on the ground floor are four classrooms of the following
dimensions, 61.053 , 61,383 , 61,268 and 60,355 square meters, has five wet rooms
or toilets with the following uses , students ( with three toilets and three sinks ) , stu-
dents ( with two toilets, three urinals and two sinks ) , teachers ( has a sink and a
toilet separate from both recite basin toilet is accessed through a gateway ) and a
last one for teachers and disabled ( consisting of a toilet and sink both in the same
room , counting the toilet suitable for disabled rail ) , on the ground finally have a

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classroom that is inside access to another classroom and its dimensions are respec-
tively 43,811 and 35,848 square meters, all precincts have great lighting as all have
windows.

FIRST FLOOR:
The upper floor is accessed by a staircase that part as I have noted above the
plateau described on ground floor, the stairs from the platform to the upper floor also
has another plateau, so we have two flights of stairs from the plateau until access to
the plant. We found in this plant, the bathrooms with the same distribution, status
and composition as described above which are situated on the ground floor, four
classrooms we access are also situated from the main dealer as to the bathrooms,
dimensions, 61.053, 61,383, 61,268 and 36,117 square meters in the same main
dealer found a double door that leads to a distributor or secondary corridor in which
we find on the left a classroom 48.056 and bottom of this classroom of 43.418 me-
ters squares.
We turn to a brief description of the building condition in each of its parts:

3.1 FOUNDATIONS
The foundations were projected factory masonry and cement mortar, so the
foundation are made up of masonry footings which hold and support the walls, to
transmit to them the building loads, this information is confirmed in the single plane
foundation with which account the initial project.

3.2 STRUCTURE
The structure that account the building consists of
load-bearing walls, has no pillars in some faces that have
some of the lost liner, we can see how the bricks that
make up the walls are brick ancient massif and mortar of
lime and sand, which are based on the foundations de-
scribed masonry, which were implemented and were
coated completely.

Figures 7-8.
Wall of bricks faade with
detached coating

The floor is formed by unidirectional iron beams, slab and long thin bricks,
making a visual inspection to check is apparently in good condition.
Every staircase, show no deterioration affecting structural safety, just what we
can observe is that the lining of the tread and the riser has a fairly advanced deteri-
oration and wear. The tread is constituted by hydraulic tile having nosing made of
wood as skirting boards.

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The railing could find is made with iron or wrought iron and wood railings and
main balusters are made of wood, being painted brown with acrylic paint, the railing
is iron having a traditional forge, and also painted with black paint, the only problems
are dirt, paint wear and chipping.

Figure 9. Plateau that connects the two separate areas of ground floor Figure 10. Flight of stairs

Figure 11. Ground floor staircase Figure 12. Terrazzo staircase
section

Figure 13. Flight of stairs with hydraulic tile ground floor to plateau

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3.3 FACADE
We have four walls, inasmuch as the building as you can see is not adjacent
with any other building, therefore is isolated.
It has a facade that has access along Cervantes Avenue, which present
something more ornament. It has a staircase leading to the entrance consists of six
steps, brick and beside her a ramp was performed after the construction of the build-
ing, which has a steel handrail to avoid falls at different levels, which allows access
to the building through this door of disabled persons.
The front door is of great height and width, which is more or less centered on
the facade being solid wood, having the right side of it with a high rise window and
three leaves, with its wooden profiles similar to that of the gateway features.
Ground floor windows are rectangular dimension 1.20 x 2.10 meters and ups-
tairs are semicircular windows, adorned with round arch, brick, circumscribing the
midpoint of the window, all being wood windows. In the central area upstairs we
have two French windows opening onto a balcony, which has a wrought iron railing,
which has the peeling paint.
Under the eaves of nine lines running brickwork, decorating shaped cornice,
some more advanced than others, presenting different depths.
This facade has a series of cracks, which will be shown in one of the planes,
based on these. Also in the ornaments formed by exposed brick as you can see
there are empty sores.
In the socket surrounding the building, we can see that on the main faade,
there are part of the mortar totally detached, leaving bare, stone masonry.

Figure 14. Main faade, entrance area Figure 15. Main facade

The remaining facades have windows of different sizes, but not yet midpoint,
which are rectangular, wood and ground floor fully iron bars protected and the
second floor are protected with an iron railing one meter high, forging or all of the
different constituent iron facades is impaired, but only on the surface, not inside.

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In the walls of the facades, as the main facade we can observe the presence
of some cracks.
The lintels or landings are composed of brick, and the sills sloped to drain wa-
ter easily, which are coated with lacquer tile brown and termination curve, on the
ground floor, and the upper, similar plant without slope are horizontal, found in some
of the gaps planters flown as a decoration to the faade anchored by forging.
The corners of the building are protected with a coating of brick width 0.90
meters and height all to the encounter with the ornament shaped cornice beneath
the eaves.

Figure 16. Southeast facade, second building entrance Figure 17. Northeast faade, backside of
building

Figure 18. Northeast faade, ramp disabled people access area Figure19. Northwest facade

3.4 COVER
The roof is slanted type and consists of wood trusses spaced a meter, which
constitute a sturdy frame for the cover as on them, but between these trusses, false
canes are one every two feet (the false canes with vertical or front slats are merely
decorative), horizontal slats, in turn served as a basis for sustaining the formation of

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slope of the skirts. The state of the tablets, both horizontal and vertical is not good,
have great deterioration, in some sections we can see as virtually no areas where
lack of tablet, or are rotated, displaced...
However, false canes not impaired, have apparently good condition, so that
the possibility of these being repositioned valued.
It may be noted that at the time of construction of the building, the wood was a
material or relatively new construction system used itself as a structural roofing sys-
tem. Since it was in the transition to the nineteenth century when the search began
further structural solutions that collect wood as main material and sought since only
they were not mere theoretical information , which were at that time there were but
most technical and scientific descriptions are detailed.
The elements found in our cover are typical of a traditional pitched roof ,
gables which culminate in a horizontal line called eaves, which in our building have a
peculiar way as the eaves protrude from the front line and we can see the comple-
tion of the trusses or braces on the outside of the building , also having breastplates
ending in the eaves of the same form as the gables.
The covering which have allowed us to realize the workability with the timber
and which has therefore multiple connections that can be made with the parts of said
material.
Termination posing deck is old tile , which gives it a great value, as it presents
a large area, and the value of the tile on the market is high relative to other types of
tile , is generally in good condition, we can just make out some broken pieces but
very few . You may also notice that there is enough vegetation in both tails as in
parts of the eaves.
Ventilation ducts located in that cover are in good condition just what is ob-
served, exterior deterioration is due to the simple peeling paint coating, providing a
faded and grayish appearance. It is also an antenna in one of the gables.

Figure 20. Interior of the roof trusses Figure 21. Head constituent beam trusses
to strengthen

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Figure 22. Skirts cover old tile and eaves
3.5 INTERIOR WALLS OR PARTITIONS
Inside the building, as described above in the section on structures, the build-
ing has load-bearing walls, which in many cases play themselves the partition func-
tion, but we also have proper partitions or walls, we with different types which can be
classified only by their width, since the function of all exactly the same, they will have
different local separate uses.
In the classrooms we have separation walls 18 inches thick, although in one
of them we have one of 10 centimeters.
Then the separation between the wet rooms and the rest of the walls are 18
cm, and inside toilets for separating the partition is executed 10 centimeters, as the
separating between bath-rooms.

3.6 COATINGS
3.6.1 HORIZONTAL COATINGS
As horizontal cladding we can make several classifications, which can be
found inside the building. The classification that will group the horizontal cladding is:
Horizontal roof coatings
With respect to the roof, we have different situations to deal, since they
are in different states of conservation.
In the bathrooms, there is placed a ceiling plasterboard, which are in
poor condition, are leaking from the corners and very dirty.

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Figure 23. False ceiling of the students bathrooms

Throughout the ground floor, we have a ceiling plaster coating, which in
most cases is missing or cracked, or just removed from the ceiling. Even
in public areas or lobby floor, there placed a kind of canvas or awning
preventing from the ceiling might fall part of the loose tiles, as that area is
frequently used even though the building is closed for placement urns in
elections.

Figure 24. Coated plaster ceiling, ground floor classroom Figure 25. Coated plaster ceiling, ground
floor cracks
On the first floor plant or find as it has been all covered ceiling of the
same features that we have in the bathrooms, ceiling presents disrepair,
being dismantled by sector, through which we can see the cover in inside,
lack many of plasterboard, but have no classrooms if almost all of them.

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Figure 26. -27: Plasterboard demountable false ceiling, first floor
Horizontal floor coverings
In horizontal cladding we have variety of types;
First floor and ground floor toilets, we can find as paving or horizontal
siding is in perfect condition, the floor is covered with tiles of stoneware,
the main characteristics for this use are its hardness and impermeability,
therefore very suitable employment as it is placed in damp rooms where
can fall things and receiving strong flooring impacts or situations where
small floods are caused by the overflow of sanitary equipment, so it can
drive the sink water appropriate.
Both the input and the main access ramp are coated with ceramic tiles.
Figure 28 -29: Bathroom flooring, ground and first floor

Into the ground floor, we have a very old horizontal covering, the initial-
ly placed constituted by hydraulic tile 15x15 cm, greenish in color and de-
corated with other beige, placed on a layer of concrete crushed and ce-
ment mortar stone to avoid possible moisture, are greatly affected by the
passage of time, have pickets, embedded dirt, paint stains, what is certain
is that the moisture protection was successful and which have not been
affected by it.

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Figure 30-31: Ground floor flooring

Every staircase are coated with the same tile, but only with the beige,
performing with them as much the riser as the footprint, culminating with
the tread nosing wood, like skirting boards.
Each of the sides of one of the first flights of stairs, we find some stairs
as ornaments, which are lined with terrazzo tiles, like the flight of stairs
which are located in both staircases.

Figure 32: Tile placed in first floor stairs Figure 33: Ground floor stairs, terrazo

Figure 34: Coating staircase, wide stairs

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On the first floor, on landing the staircase we find a part of the raised
flooring, approximately 1.40 m, the rest of the flooring that we find in the
common area are hydraulic tiles, with the same size as the ground floor
15 x 15 cm, two colors, maroon or burgundy and beige, placed alternately
as a chessboard, a pavement is the only stretch of common area as pre-
viously noted, apparently in the previous reform in 2007, only the flooring
of this part was made leaving other areas without paving.
Thus we find classrooms without horizontal siding in which you can see
the rough mortar.

Figure 35: Section of first floor flooring without uncoated Figure 36:First floor classroom flooring

Figure 37: First floor common area flooring

3.6.2 VERTICAL COATINGS
We find in the building different vertical coatings elements, which can be
classified in the following way; continuous coatings and discontinuous coat-
ings.

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Continuous coating
Usually as in most of the buildings, coatings that we find on the walls
are continuous and uninterrupted layer protecting the facing either exterior
or interior and also perform another function, it is the decorating.
Inside, you can see how the walls are lined with gypsum which is cov-
ered by layers of white paint inside, and there are areas where it looks like
the paint causes bulges and landslides, and you can see the plaster on
this, if it is true that there are a series of walls that are covered with mortar
or "mixture", uncoated, with no other coating.
Also found as vertical siding, baseboards, which in most cases are
made of wood, which are in poor condition. In the area of burgundy and
beige tile, yes we found a baseboard, beige and stone material in perfect
condition.
The external face of the building is covered with mortar , on which are
many layers of paint that have been applied over the years, the paint is
found in poor condition with landslides and bulges , showing plenty of
chipping .
Figure 38: Classroom coating Figure 39: Classroom inner wall uncoated
only with mortar, first floor
Figure 40: outer wall, second entrance Figure 41: Landslides in facade

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Figure 42: Flaws in facade
Discontinuous coatings
This type of coating is found in the walls of the bathrooms or toilets
which consist of tiles, with the tiles of a yellow and white bathroom and
other blue and white, placed at a certain height alternatively, as a board
chess and down from this height are white until reaching the last row of
tiles that are all either blue or yellow

Figure 43: Students (boys) bathroom Figure 44: Students (girls) bathroom

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Figure 45: Teachers and disabled people bathroom

3.7 CARPENTRY
In interior corridors, new carpentry has both the frames and doors in im-
provements made in 2007, the old woodwork was replaced by which there have
been currently placed. They are formed of sheets of melamine board and edged
Pine Flanders, with their hanging fittings and security. We have a number of internal
openings in which no carpentry placed only found the wooden pre-frame, being open
and connected enclosures with public areas.

Figure 46: Interior doors, two sheets Figure 47: Interior doors for bathrooms

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The carpenters standing inside the wet rooms or toilets are the same charac-
teristics of the other, with respect to the material color ... but these are not at ground
level, they are separate from this 18 cm, but like the rest have been placed in the last
new intervention.
In the previous intervention, external joinery, such as windows and balconies,
were removed and repaired, because of its historical value and they were not in poor
condition. We wanted to keep, so they sanded cleaned, changed knobs, hinges ...
The handles and hinges are gold color, giving the feeling of antiquity to simulate
windows still retain the previous and initial state, all with completely new windows.

Figure 48: Exterior carpentry

The two front doors are the same size, solid wood, can be seen as the last work
were repaired and restored. We know this because the inside of the building still is pend-
ing take the mortar with which they were placed. Furthermore are sanded and treated. It
is observed on the outside of the doors at the bottom has taken dark color due to mois-
ture, it also looks like they have put new latches, hinges, locksmith ... These elements
are iron, as due to the weight the large doors to the building must ensure the stability
thereof.

Figure 49-50: Main entrance door, like side entrance door

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3.8 INSTALLATION
Sanitary (sewer) system and water supply is in perfect condition, inasmuch as
there was a reform in 2007 in which new bathroom were implemented since formerly
there were no toilets in the building, which were placed on the outside and practically
not been used since then. The building has domestic hot water (DHW) and cold
water in all bathrooms. You can check the sewer system hung network upstairs on
the ground floor roof.
About electrical installation, the power grid with that account was modificated
in 2007 too according to the REBT 2002 regulations.
The air conditioning installation introducing in 2007 is a multisplit system,
taking advantage of the ceiling for the correct positioning of the cassettes and pipes,
being a hidden system.
We have a small elevator without machine room, to save space.

4. OUR BUILDING TRACKING THROUGH BE10 PROGRAM

4.1 DESCRIPTION
The building is a music conservatory; it is an establishment where art-classes
are given.
In our case the building focuses on music, it is endowed with classrooms
equipped for it.
It is situated in Madrid, Spain.

Figure 53: Buildings plan
Figure 52: Map of Madrid
Figure 51: Spain map

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This is a non-residential building so we will consider in the group "others" to
carry out the appropriate analysis. Regarding the orientation of our building it has a
225 degree rotation.

Heated floor area

To calculate the heated floor area we will take into account all walls and the
deck, which has a free space with 1,5 m of height.
Calculation: 577 m (each floor) x 2 (num floor) + 139,82 (roof)= 1293,82 m
Heat capacity

Table 4: The buildings heat capacity

Pursuant to SBI-direction 213, 2nd edition (table 8 The buildings heat capac-
ity) it will be 120 Wh/K m.

Normal usage time

Each work day the opening hours of the conservatory is since 13:00 P.M until
20:00 P.M but it is necessary a margin to cleaning, maintenance and others.
Calculation: [7h (opening hours)+ 2h/day (margin)] x 5 days/ week = 45 hours/week
So the conservatory starts at 12:00 P.M and end at 21:00 P.M

Calculation rules

We have used actual conditions (BR)
Climate: Spain, Madrid
Our building hasnt a supplement to energy frame for special conditions

Heat supply

Is a rather old building, was built in 1928 and although it has had quite reforms
are insufficient because they still haven't adapted to current demands for low con-
sumption.
It only uses with electricity for heat supply, It hasnt other contribution form.
The heat distribution system will be ignored because there is nothing ticked off in
connection with electricity heat (page 34 SBI)

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Mechanical cooling
The actual air conditioning system is made with multi-split system (MITSUBI-
SHI ELECTRIC)
Cassettes 600 x 600 mm
There are air conditioning system in all of the rooms except toilets and corri-
dors. The percentage is 75%

Total area: 1293,82 m (100%)
Total area without mechanical cooling (corridor and toilets):
161,73 x 2 floors =323,45 m
1293,82-323,45= 970,37 m (970,37 x 100)/1293,82= 75

4.2 BUILDING ENVELOPE
External walls, Roofs and Floors
The external walls are formed by brick and plasterboard, It has a thick-
ness of 64 cm and 26 cm of insulation.

The area is defined by the outer surface of the outer walls

Roof with wooden trusses hardboard, wooden battens and tiles

On the Floor we have iron beams, slabs and panels

The U-Values are calculated by the Design Builder program and the
following equation:

Floor
Number of layer. 3
Layer 1: Mortar, thickness 0,03 m
Layer 2: Hardboard standard, thickness 0,05 m
Layer 3: Concrete, thickness 0,250 m
There is thermal bridge 70%
U-Value: 1,489 W/mK
Figure 54: Floors layers
Roof
Number of layer 47
Layer 1: Clay roof tile , thickness 0,035 m
Layer 2: Mortar, thickness 0,05 m
Layer 3: Hardboard standard, thickness 0,05 m
Layer 4: Plywood, thickness 0,35m
U-Value: 0,297 W/mKm
Figure 55: Roofs layers

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External wall
Number of layer. 4
Layer 1: Rsi 0,13 m
Layer 2: plasteboard , thickness 0,026 m
Layer 3: Bricks , thickness 0,64 m
Layer 4: Bricks , thickness 0,64 m
U-Value: 0,895 W/mK

Table 5: External walls layers

Slab
Number of layer. 4
Layer 1: Rsi 0,17 m
Layer 2: concrete , thickness 0,35 m
Layer 3: Cement mortar (protection) , thickness 0,02 m
Layer 4: Gres, thickness 0,025 m
Layer 5: Rse 0,04 m
U-Value: 2,359 W/mK

Table 6: External walls layers

The soil temperature under heated buildings and is set to 10C.

The temperature factor is always 1, 00 except on the slab

Finally we have a total loss of 36.856,3 W

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External walls, roofs
and floors
Areas
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
k)
b Ht
(W/K)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss(W)
2551,09 2595,91 66161,3
External wall, Brick and
plasterboard 640/26 mm.
isol
893,1 0,895 1,00 799,325 25578,4
Roof, wooden trusses
hardboard, wooden bat-
tens and tiles
642,9 0,297 1,00 190,941 6110,12
Floor, iron beams and
panels
437,32 1,489 1,00 651,169 20837,4
Slab 577,77 2,36 0,70 954,476 10 13635,4
Table 7: External wall, roofs and floor

Foundations
To describe the foundations we followed the 6.13.1 table of DS418 and
look the loss to outer wall foundations. There aren't insulation above con-
crete plate and we considered a U-Value for a terrain deck of 0, 20. Our
foundation hasn't any insulation so we have a loss of 0,70

Table 8: Linear loss

The connections on the side of door and windows have been chosen sa-
tisfying the 6.12.1a table of DS418 where we have like inner leaf brick and
there isnt any cold bridge interruption.


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Finally, the linear loss has been calculated according to the 6.14.4a of
DS418, we chose concrete like rear wall, none insulation above concrete
plate and the most restrictive U-value: 0,30


Foundations and
joints at windows
l(m) loss
(W/mK)
b Ht
(W/K)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss (W)
790,35 170,058 5441,85
Connection on the side
of doors
66,86 0,11 1,00 7,3546 235,347
of windows
543,83 0,11 1,00 59,821 1914,28
Outer wall foundations 122,46 0,70 1,00 85,722 2743,1
Inner wall foundation 57,20 0,30 1,00 17,16 549,12
Table 11: Foundation

In this table the temperature factor is always 1,00.
Total loss: 5.441,85 W

Figure 56: Zone types according to losses
Windows and outer doors

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Orientation: To carry out this table we made a new reference system
placing the coordinate axes parallel to the edges of our house where north
is 0, east is 90, south is 180 and west is 270.We have the following
scheme now.

Inclination: All of our windows are vertical.
A vertical window has the slope 90

Number of Windows:
- North: 22
- South: 18
- East: 14
- West: 9

Figure 57: new orientation

U (W/m
2
K): the windows has an U-Value of 2,2 W/m
2
K and the wood
doors 0,64 W/m
2
K

The temperature factor is always 1,00

Ff: For windows the glazing part typically is 0,5-0,8. We have chosen
0,85 because our glasses aren't good for a low consumption

g: According to pane type, our solar transmittance have to be 0,85.

Table 12: Solar transmittance
Total loss: 17.383W

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Windows and
outer doors
Num-
ber
Orien-
tation
Inclina-
tion
Area
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
K)
b Ht
(W/K)
Ff (-) g (-) Shand-
ing
Fc
(-)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss (W)
63 255,71 543,22 17383
West
Groundfloor A
4 W 90 4,51 2,2 1,00 39,688 0,85 0,85 West
Groundfl
oor A
0,95 1270,02
West
Firstfloor A
1 W 90 3,65 2,2 1,00 8,03 0,85 0,85 West
Firstfloor
A
0,95 265,96
West
Firstfloor B
3 W 90 5,28 2,2 1,00 34,848 0,85 0,85 West
Firstfloor
B
0,95 1115,14
West
Groundfloor B
1 W 90 6,2 0,64 1,00 3,968 0 0,85 West
Groundfl
oor B
0,95 126,976
East
Groundfloor A
2 E 90 4,61 2,2 1,00 20,284 0,85 0,85 East
Groundfl
oor A
0,95 649,088
East
Firstfloor A
2 E 90 2,92 2,2 1,00 12,848 0,85 0,85 East
Firstfloor
A
0,95 411,136
East
Groundfloor B
4 E 90 4,61 2,2 1,00 40,568 0,85 0,85 East
Groundfl
oor B
0,95 1298,18
East
Groundfloor C
1 E 90 4,61 2,2 1,00 10,142 0,85 0,85 East
Groundfl
oor C
0,95 324,544
East
Firstfloor B
4 E 90 4,73 2,2 1,00 41,624 0,85 0,85 East
Firstfloor
B
0,95 1331,97
Windows and
outer doors
Numb
er
Orienta
tion
Inclinatio
n
Area
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
K)
b Ht
(W/K)
Ff (-) g (-) Shandin
g
Fc
(-)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss (W)

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East
Firstfloor C
1 E 90 4,73 2,2 1,00 10,406 0,85 0,85 East
Firstfloor
C
0,95 332,992
North
Groundfloor A
1 N 90 6,2 0,64 1,00 3,968 0 0,85 North
Groundfl
oor A
0,95 126,976
North
Groundfloor B
1 N 90 4,5 2,2 1,00 9,9 0,85 0,85 North
Groundfl
oor B
0,95 316,8
North
Firstfloor A
1 N 90 4,69 2,2 1,00 10,318 0,85 0,85 North
Firstfloor
A
1 330,176
North
Firstfloor B
1 N 90 4,69 2,2 1,00 10,318 0,85 0,85 North
Firstfloor
B
1 330,176
North
Groundfloor C
9 N 90 2,5 2,2 1,00 49,5 0,85 0,85 North
Groundfl
oor C
0,95 1584
North
Firstfloor C
9 N 90 1,37 2,2 1,00 27,126 0,85 0,85 North
Firstfloor
C
1 868,032
South
Groundfloor A
9 S 90 5,27 2,2 1,00 104,34
6
0,85 0,85 South
Groundfl
oor A
0,95 3339,07
South
Firstfloor
9 S 90 5,32 2,2 1,00 105,33
6
0,85 0,85 South
Firstfloor
0,95 3370,75

Table 13: Windows and outer doors

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Shading
Proceeding SBI direction 213 we have these dates of angles:

Figure 58: Determining of horizon angle Figure 59: Determining the Figure 60: Determining
: angle for eave of angle to the right
or left

SHADING HORIZON () EAVES () LEFT () RIGHT () WINDOW OPENING (%)
W. Groundfloor A 52,78 21,22 0 0 16,95
W. Groundfloor B 54,22 21,22 0 0 16,85
W. Firstfloor A 41,18 75,62 0 0 16,95
W. Firstfloor B 38,15 75,62 0 0 17,05
E. Groundfloor A 44,68 21,22 0 0 17,05
E. Groundfloor B 0 21,22 0 0 10
E. Groundfloor C 46,44 21,22 0 0 16,85
E. Firstfloor A 27,27 75,62 0 0 17,05
E. Firstfloor B 0 75,62 0 0 10
E. Firstfloor C 32 75,62 0 0 16,85
N. Groundfloor A 15 21,22 70,20 65 17,05
N. Groundfloor B 15 21,22 81,38 42,10 17,05
N. Groundfloor C 0 21,22 0 0 10
N. Firstfloor A 15 75,62 70,20 65 17,05
N. Firstfloor B 15 75,62 81,38 42,10 17,05
N. Firstfloor C 0 75,62 0 0 10
S. Groundfloor 0 21,22 0 0 10
S. Firstfloor 0 75,62 0 0 10
Table 14: Shading

*You can see in annexes drawings with indications of groups of windows that receive
shade Plane of Windows and Shadings

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Unheated rooms
We dont have it

4.3 VENTILATION
Natural ventilation.
Area: SBI direction 213: The zones areas are in the same way regarded as the
building's heated floorage. The amount of the gross-areas in the table is to cor-
respond to the building's overall heated floorage. 1294m
2

Working time (Fo,-): the ventilation system's working time is the same that the
building's occupied time,because there will be people traffic all times. So, the
working time is 1,00

qm (l/sm
2
): this is only for mechanical ventilation

n vgv (-): 0 because it doesnt use the heat recovering

ti (C): the system is without heating battery and unregulated heat exchanger,
so the air inlet temperature is pointed out to 0 C.

El-HC: there isnt an electrical heating battery in the ventilation system. The
value is stated as "0".

qn (l/sm2): In naturally ventilated dwellings, which fulfill the tightness demand for
the building envelope, the value 0,3 l/s m2 is used.
Due to we do not have a residential building but rather a conservato-
ry .Natural ventilation in the occupied time busy time will be greater than 0,3 be-
cause the rooms will be occupied for a lot of people during the busy
time.Therefore we estimate an amount of 0,5

qi,n (l/sm
2
): 0 because it is natural ventilation

SEL (KJ/m3): for natural ventilation there isnt specific electricity consumption

qm,s (l/sm
2
): this is only for mechanical ventilation

qn,s (l/sm2): The value for the summer should normally be at least as in the win-
ter but in average can be gained at hot summer days so we have supposed
0,6 l/sm2

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qm,n (l/sm
2
): Its not necessary to have ventilation at night.

qn,n (l/sm
2
): Its not necessary to have ventilation at night.

Bathrooms
Bathroom 1: This zone includes the bathrooms boys (ground and first floor)
Bathroom 2: This zone includes the bathrooms girls (ground and first floor)
Bathroom 3: This zone includes the little bathroom (ground and first floor)
Bathroom 4: This zone includes the disabled bathroom (ground and first floor)

Area: area corresponding to each zone

Working time (Fo,-): the ventilation system's working time is the same that the
building's occupied time,because there will be people traffic all times. So, the
working time is 1,00

qm (l/sm2): is the fresh air flow in the air inlet system divided with floor area of
the served area in the occupied time in winter.

n vgv (-):0 because it doesnt use the heat recovering

ti (C): for systems with regulated heat ex-changer but without heating battery
an air inlet temperature of 18 C is pointed out

El-HC: 0 because for natural ventilation not use electricity

qn (l/sm2): according to SBI,in zones with mechanical extraction normally the
value "0 is stated here,

qi,n (l/sm2): infiltration of 0,09 litres/sec. per m2 heated floorage outside the oc-
cupied time

SEL (KJ/m3): according to BR10For extraction systems without mechanical
fresh air supply, the specific power consumption for air movement must not ex-
ceed 800 J/m= 0,8 KJ/m3

qm,s (l/sm
2
): this is the same value that qm (l/sm2)

qn,s (l/sm
2
): There isnt natural ventilation in summer at the night because the
building will be closed

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qm,n (l/sm
2
): There isnt natural ventilation in summer because the building will
be closed

qn,n (l/sm
2
): There isnt natural ventilation in summer because the building will
be closed

Ventila-
tion
Area
(m
2
)
Fo,
-

qm
(l/sm
2
)

n
vgv
(-)

ti
(C)

El-
HC

qn
(l/sm
2
)

qi,n
(l/sm
2
)

SEL
(KJ/m
3
)
qm,s
(l/sm
2
)

qn,s
(l/sm
2
)

qm,n
(l/sm
2
)

qn,n
(l/sm
2
)

Zone 1294 0/1 Winter Winter Sum-
mer
Sum-
mer
Night Night
Classes
and
Direc-
tion
1209 1 0 0 0 0 0,5

0 0 0 0,6 0 0
Bath-
room 1
37,74 1 1,2 0 18 1 0 0,09 0,8 1,2 0 0 0
Bath-
room 2
30,24 1 0,96 0 18 1 0 0,09 0,8 0,96 0 0 0
Bath-
room 3
5,94 1 0,1 0 18 1 0 0,09 0,8 0,1 0 0 0
Bath-
room 4
10,9 1 0,2 0 18 1 0 0,09 0,8 0,2 0 0 0
Table 15: Ventilation

4.4 INTERNAL HEAT SUPPLY
Area (m
2
): The area of the zones are calculated in the same way as the build-
ing's heated floorage

Persons (W/m
2
): In other buildings than dwellings is normally accepted an inter-
nal heat contribution from people of 4,0 W per m2 heated floorage in average
for the building in the occupied time

App. (W/m
2
): we have an internal heat contribution from apparatus of 6,0 W per
m heated floorage in average for the building in the occupied time.

App, night (W/m
2
): the apparatus isn't working outside the occupied time.

Internal heat
supply
Area (m) Persons
(W/m)
App. (W/m) Appnih (W/m)
Zone 1294 5176 7764 0
Heated floor
area
1294 4 6 0
Table 16: Internal heat supply

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4.5 LIGHTING

Zone: The building is split up into zones with a uniform lighting- and day light
conditions. The building is split up into zones with a uniform lighting and day
light conditions. for this reason we have different zones depending of the orien-
tation and quantity of light required for that room.
For this table we have considering our new reference system.In this way,we
have the following zones:

Zone Orientation Room Floor
Ground First
A South Classrooms X X
B South Cleaning room X
C North Toilets X X
D Northwest Library X
E West Main corridor X X
F North Corridor X
G South Stairs X X
H West Classrooms X
I East Classrooms X
J West Administration and
direction
X
K - Deck - -
Table 17: Lighting

*You can see in the annexes the planes where the zones are indicated

General min (W/m2): If the effect isn't known a value of 2,0 W/m is accepted. If
the lighting installation is interrupted entirely the minimum-effect is 0. So, we
have like value 0 in toilets, corridors and cleaningroom

General inst (W/m2): our actual lighting system isn't defined, we an installed ef-
fect for the light source of 10 W/m per 200 lux is assumed. In smaller rooms
(below 15 m2) the installed effect is assumed 13% (cleaningroom)

Lighting (lux): according to the memory project we have achieved we have now
like Lighting level 300,500,150 or 50 lux. Obviously this will give us problems
because they exceed the limit established by the regulations.

DF (%):

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Orientation Reference systeme Our reference system
North 0 1
South 2 1
East 1 0
West 1 2
Table 18: Daylight factor

Control (U,M,A,K): all of our lights are without daylight control (U)
This enables us to present a major cost of electricity

Fo (-): is the lighting's nominal occupied time compared with the building's oc-
cupied time. The utilization factor is normally 1,0 for premises that are used all
time like corridors, stair, library and Administration/Direction. The factor is typi-
cally 0,8 - 0,9 in classrooms, We chose 0,85.
For cleaning room we estimated an utilitation factor of 0,2 and for toilets
we put like value 0,1 because we have movement sensors here.

Work (W/m2): Working-lamps will be always switched on in the occupied time,
so the value is 1,00 in all rooms.

Other (W/m
2
): we dont have other things special lighting

Stand-by (W/m
2
): we dont have stand-by effect

Night (W/m
2
): in this part, at night we will only consider the emergency lights
which have 6W each one. In this way we applicated the following equation:

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LIGHTING AREA (m
2
) GENERAL
(W/m
2
)
GENERAL
(W/m
2
)
LIGHTING
(Lux)
DF (%) CONTROL
(U,M,A,K)
Fo
(-)
WORK
(W/m
2
)
OTHER
(W/m
2
)
STAND-BY
(W/m
2
)
NIGHT
(W/m
2
)
Lighting Zone 1293,72 Min. Inst. U,M,A,K
A 431,65 2 10 300 1 U 0,85 1 0 0 0,08
B 9,37 0 13 50 1 U 0,2 1 0 0 0,62
C 122,19 0 10 50 1 U 0,1 1 0 0 0,29
D 103,86 2 10 500 1,5 U 1 1 0 0 0,05
E 189,76 0 10 150 2 U 1 0 0,28
F 22,35 0 10 150 1 U 1 1 0 0,27
G 46,66 0 10 150 2 U 1 1 0 0 0,51
H 81,71 2 10 300 0 U 0,85 1 0 0 0,29
I 73,23 2 10 300 2 U 0,85 1 0 0 0,16
J 72,69 2 10 300 0 U 1 1 0 0 0,17
K 140,25 0 0 0 2 U 0 1 0 0 0,04
Table 19: Lighting

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4.6 OTHER EL.CONSUMPTION:
We don't have any electricity consumption not included in the building's heat bal-
ance or included by determining of the building's energy requirements.

4.7 MECHANICAL COOLING
Basing on the relevant European standards, as we do not have too much informa-
tion about our system, we have reached the following amounts:
o EI-demand, kWh-el/kWh-cool : 0,5
o Heat-demand, kWh-heat/kWh-cool: 0
o Load factor: 1
o Heat capacity phase shift (cooling), Wh/m
2
: 0
o Increase factor,-, Extra cooling energy due to water effect: 1,2

4.8 HEAT DISTRIBUTION PLANT
Nowaday there isnt heat distribution plant in our building

4.9 DOMESTIC HOT WATER

Hot water consumption. In other buildings than dwellings a yearly consumption
of hot domestic water is normally assumed to be 100 litres per m2 heated floo-
rage.
Domestic hot water system: The hot domestic water is assumed heated up to
55 C.
Hot water tank: the characteristics of our building are:
Number of tanks: 1
Volume: 30 l
Supply temperature from central heating: 70 C
Heat loss from hot- water tank: 2,9 W/k
Temp. factor: 0 (heated zone)
Charging pump:
Effect: 1500 W
Charge effect: 1,5 kW

Pipe lengths in
supply and return
l (m) Loss (W/mK) b
57,22
Pipe First floor 27,37 0,19 1
Pipe Groundfloor 29,85 0,19 1
Table 20: Hot water

4.10 SUPPLY
We havent developped this part because, like we said before,the conservatory only
uses electricity for supply all necessities

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5. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

Key numbers by BE10 program:

Energy frame in BR 2010:
Total energy frame: 72,6
Total energy requirement: 405,20
Total energy frame: 25

Currently we have a transmission loss of 28,1 W/m
These are the results after to introduce the actual data about our building. Such as
it show us, the conservatory has a total energy requirement too high

Looking the heating requirement table we can determine where there are a major
loss and, starting from there we have to find other solutions that helps us to reduce it.
*We can see that table in annex 2 Results
There is an over-temperature in rooms, this is the equivalent electricity requirement
to remove the over-temperatures with a standard mechanical cooling system.
Due to that currently to provide heating and hot water only the installation of elec-
tricity is used we will have to satisfy the net requirements for room heating and hot domes-
tic water that the program show us.
The ideal situation will be when it wont be necessary to require a lot of electricity to
supply to our building, without numerous losses or a high consumption.

We have a total heating requirement of 74,33 MWh, It is excesive.

*You can see the result tables in the annex 2

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Our actual energy demand is:

Figure 61: Heating demand calculation results distributed for each month.

6. SEARCHING FOR SOLUTIONS

Basing on the previous results we will analyse the following improvements:
INSULATION:
External walls
Our external walls are bad insulation as it is a very old building, so we will introduce a
good insulation and suitable cladding to prevent heat loss from our building.

Slab
Study about the foundation to see how we can introduce some insulation, which current-
ly does not have, and proceed to do it

False ceilings:
In this part of the building it is necessary insulation to avoid heat loss between floors

Roof
Like the above, the roof needs insulated to concentrate the heat within the building and
avoid an overload of energy.
We will remove also the free space in the deck as it currently isnt used and it is an unne-
cessary loss to heat in installation

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Initial
state
Month
En
erg
y
De
ma
nd
(m
Wh
/m
ont
h)

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NEW INSTALLATION
Photovoltaics panels
We will carry out the installation of photovoltaics panel in our building. With this it will be
resolve the problem with the actual excessive electricity requirements

Heat pump
We will provide our building with a heat pump required for the installation of photovoltaic
panels and that will give us significant advantages:

- Could lower fuel bills, especially replacing our conventional electric heating.
- Don't need fuel deliveries.
- Can heat our home and provide hot water.

Automatic devices on-off regulation according to the daylight
If there would be some these devices in certain rooms it is possible to reduce the con-
sumption so we are going to look for which rooms that need it.

Mechanical cooling
We will dispense of this facility because we are looking for, with all the proposed im-
provements, get to have a low-energy building

REPLACEMENTS
Windows
The windows existing in our building dont satisfy the low consumption criteria. We have
to find other ones which have a good U-Value and help to keep the heat inside.

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7. CHECKING THE IMPROVEMENT PROVIDED BY BE10 PROGRAM
7.1 EXTERNAL WALL, ROOFS AND FLOORS
External wall

Have been followed the next steps:
o Remove the paint layer and part of the mortar (chopped) , both on the
outside and inside
o Put the insulation on the inner side wall
o Let an air chamber as next layer
o Add a layer of plasterboard
o Wall covering of both sides

The area is defined by the outer surface of the outer walls
The new U-Value is calculated by the following equation:

Figure 62: Detail of New external wall Table 21: New external walls layers
So the loss are:
and floors
Areas
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
k)
b Ht
(W/K)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss(W)
2551,09 1980,48 46467,4
isol
893,1 0,2059 1,00 183,889 5884,46
tens and tiles
642,9 0,297 1,00 190,941 6110,12
panels
437,32 1,489 1,00 651,169 20837,4
Slab 577,77 2,36 0,70 954,476 10 13635,4
Table 22: New external wall, roofs and floor (1)
The rest of parameters arent unchanged from the previous.

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With this first change we obtain a new key numbers a little lower:
Total energy requirement: 340,9 (actual 405,2)
Roof
To improve the insulation in the roof we chose to change the false ceiling of
our building because it has not insulation. In this way we resolve the problem in
the roof and ceiling.
So, it isnt a inclined layer but rather we will put the insulation horizontally,
therefore the area will be different (the same that floor area)
The old false ceiling has been torn down and replaced by another that has an
insulation of 10 cm.

The new U-Value is calculated by

Figure 63: Detail of New roof Table 23: New roofs layers
So the loss are:
and floors
Areas
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
k)
b Ht
(W/K)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss(W)
2551,09 2486,1 61817,3
isol
893,1 0,895 1,00 799,325 25578,4
tens and tiles
437,32 0,1262 1,00 55,1898 1766,07
panels
437,32 1,489 1,00 651,169 20837,4
Slab 577,77 2,36 0,70 954,476 10 13635,4

Table 24: New external wall,roofs and floors (2)

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Floor
We go to change the floor finish. To do it we will do some steps:
We dont need remove the floor tile because nowadays this part of the build-
ing is on reforms and there arent ceramic tile except in the bathrooms
After that the insulation will be put as next layer
Include protection with mortar
Placement carpet

In the ceilings we will allow for it was said previously in roofs part

Figure 64: Detail of New floor Table 25: New floors layers

The carpet is placed throughout the building except bathrooms,where the
same previous steps will be carry out but the last layer will be the tiles that were
in the beginning.

There will be carpeting throughout the building except in the bath-
rooms,therefore we will have another u-value to apply to the area of the bath-
rooms.

After calculation we can see that this u-value is similar to the u-value of floor
with carpet, in this way the total area wont be divided.

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Table 26: U-value in bathrooms

So the loss are:
and floors
Areas
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
k)
b Ht
(W/K)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss(W)
2551,09 2026,52 47940,8
isol
893,1 0,895 1,00 799,325 25578,4
tens and tiles
642,9 0,297 1,00 190,941 6110,12
panels
437,32 0,187 1,00 81,7788 2616,92
Slab 577,77 2,36 0,70 954,476 10 13635,4


Slab
Remove the existing gres
Put a mortar layer
Introduce the insulation
Make the vapour control
Finish with a hardwood (parquet) layer


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Figure 65: Detail of New slab Table 28: New slabs layers

So the loss are:
and floors
Areas
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
k)
b Ht
(W/K)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss(W)
2551,09 1700,89 53375,3
isol
893,1 0,895 1,00 799,325 25578,4
tens and tiles
642,9 0,297 1,00 190,941 6110,12
panels
437,32 1,489 1,00 651,169 20837,4
Slab 577,77 0,147 0,70 59,4525 10 849,322



All changes together

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and floors
Areas
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
k)
b Ht
(W/K)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss(W)
2551,09 380,31 11116,8
isol
893,1 0,2059 1,00 183,889 5884,46
tens and tiles
642,9 0,1262 1,00 55,1898 1766,07
panels
437,32 0,187 1,00 81,7788 2616,92
Slab 577,77 0,147 0,70 59,4525 10 849,322



7.2 FOUNDATION

The connections on the side of door and windows have been changed
(6.12.1a table of DS418). We have a cold bridge interruption of 50 mm now.

Table 31: New linear loss foundations

Foundations and
joints at windows
l(m) loss
(W/mK)
b Ht
(W/K)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss (W)
790,35 108,989 3487,64
Connection on the side 66,86 0,01 1,00 0,6686 21,3952

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of doors
of windows
543,83 0,01 1,00 5,4383 174,026
Outer wall foundations 122,46 0,70 1,00 85,722 2743,1
Inner wall foundation 57,20 0,30 1,00 17,16 549,12
Table 32: New foundation


7.3 WINDOWS AND OUTER DOORS

The windows have been replace. We will use a new type of window which sa-
tisfy the required needs.

COMFORT 3 : window is warm and friendly on the inside, firm and durable on
the outside. The interior appearance of your window can be adjusted to match
your furniture; the outside appearance of the window can match the facade.

The characteristcs of this window are:

The aluminum mask on the outer side protects the window against the
elements
Optional: installation of insulation glass with built-in window blinds (COM-
FORT +)
Optics and sealing are guaranteed without glass strips
Mask fixation system ensures unobstructed airing and eliminates dimen-
sion oscillation when humidity and temperature change
Mechanically made aluminum joints are permanent (welded joints are al-
so possible).
The use this kind of windows will give us some benefits like easy maintenance, ex-
ceptionally long product lifespan and numerous color combinations.

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Figure 66: New window

Table 33: Properties of the new window

In the case of the doors we will only apply insu-
lation of 5 cm since we can not replace them be-
cause it has dimensions that do not exist in the
market for low-power components and liabilities.
the u-value remains the same

To complete the next table we
have to know the changes
that this windows assume:

U (W/m
2
K): the
windows has an U-Value of
0,9 W/m
2
K and the wood
doors 0,64 W/m
2
K

Ff: For windows
the glazing part typically is 0,5-0,8. We put 0,5 because our windows is a good
passive element now.

g: According to pane type, our solar transmittance have to be between
0,50-0,55, so we put 0,5.

Table 34: New solar transmittance


2013

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2013

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Windows and
outer doors
Num-
ber
Orien-
tation
Inclina-
tion
Area
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
K)
b Ht
(W/K)
Ff (-) g (-) Shand-
ing
Fc
(-)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss (W)
63 255,71 226,92 7261,28
West
Groundfloor A
4 W 90 4,51 0,9 1,00 16,236 0,50 0,50 West
Groundfl
oor A
0,95 519,552
West
Firstfloor A
1 W 90 3,65 0,9 1,00 3,285 0,50 0,50 West
Firstfloor
A
0,95 105,12
West
Firstfloor B
3 W 90 5,28 0,9 1,00 14,256 0,50 0,50 West
Firstfloor
B
0,95 456,192
West
Groundfloor B
1 W 90 6,2 0,64 1,00 3,968 0 0 West
Groundfl
oor B
0,95 126,976
East
Groundfloor A
2 E 90 4,61 0,9 1,00 8,298 0,50 0,50 East
Groundfl
oor A
0,95 265,536
East
Firstfloor A
2 E 90 2,92 0,9 1,00 5,256 0,50 0,50 East
Firstfloor
A
0,95 168,192
East
Groundfloor B
4 E 90 4,61 0,9 1,00 16,596 0,50 0,50 East
Groundfl
oor B
0,95 531,072
East
Groundfloor C
1 E 90 4,61 0,9 1,00 4,149 0,50 0,50 East
Groundfl
oor C
0,95 132,768
East
Firstfloor B
4 E 90 4,73 0,9 1,00 17,028 0,50 0,50 East
Firstfloor
B
0,95 544,896
Windows and
outer doors
Numb
er
Orienta
tion
Inclinatio
n
Area
(m
2
)
U
(W/m
2
K)
b Ht
(W/K)
Ff (-) g (-) Shandin
g
Fc
(-)
Dim.
Inside
(C)
Dim.
Outside
(C)
Loss (W)

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East
Firstfloor C
1 E 90 4,73 0,9 1,00 4,257 0,50 0,50 East
Firstfloor
C
0,95 136,224
North
Groundfloor A
1 N 90 6,2 0,64 1,00 3,968 0 0 North
Groundfl
oor A
0,95 126,976
North
Groundfloor B
1 N 90 4,5 0,9 1,00 4,05 0,50 0,50 North
Groundfl
oor B
0,95 129,600
North
Firstfloor A
1 N 90 4,69 0,9 1,00 4,221 0,50 0,50 North
Firstfloor
A
1 135,072
North
Firstfloor B
1 N 90 4,69 0,9 1,00 4,221 0,50 0,50 North
Firstfloor
B
1 135,072
North
Groundfloor C
9 N 90 2,5 0,9 1,00 20,25 0,50 0,50 North
Groundfl
oor C
0,95 648
North
Firstfloor C
9 N 90 1,37 0,9 1,00 11,097 0,50 0,50 North
Firstfloor
C
1 355,104
South
Groundfloor A
9 S 90 5,27 0,9 1,00 42,687 0,50 0,50 South
Groundfl
oor A
0,95 1365,98
South
Firstfloor
9 S 90 5,32 0,9 1,00 43,092 0,50 0,50 South
Firstfloor
0,95 1378,91
Table 35: New Windows and outer doors

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7.4 VENTILATION
After carrying out an analysis of ventilation, we do not think it necessary to
make any changes at this facility as regards to classrooms,corridors or similars.
We do not need a mechanical ventilation, the natural ventilation current is
enough because there are large windows on all facades.
On the other hand, in the bathrooms is where his installation would be neces-
sary but this is already resolved.

7.5 INTERNAL HEAT SUPPLY

There will be no change, as it is considered the same occupation and the
same systems.

7.6 LIGHTING
It has been observed that a large loss in the building is due to the constant
operation of the lighting.
This energy waste would be menor if we would use some elements that would
helps us to exploit daylight
Currently the type of lighting is constant, the U class defined in the document
SBI edition-2013 and it does not vary according to the daylight.

Figure 67-68: Examples of electronic ballasts system.

We also have to change the type of illumination because the existing lighting
doesnt satisfy the actual regulations. SBI show us the amount of lux that
should be in every stay.

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LIGHTING AREA (m
2
) GENERAL
(W/m
2
)
GENERAL
(W/m
2
)
LIGHTING
(Lux)
DF (%) CONTROL
(U,M,A,K)
Fo
(-)
WORK
(W/m
2
)
OTHER
(W/m
2
)
STAND-BY
(W/m
2
)
NIGHT
(W/m
2
)
Lighting Zone 1293,72 Min. Inst. U,M,A,K
A 431,65 2 10 200 1 A 0,85 1 0 0 0,08
B 9,37 0 13 50 1 A 0,2 1 0 0 0,62
C 122,19 0 10 200 1 A 0,1 1 0 0 0,29
D 103,86 2 10 200 1,5 A 1 1 0 0 0,05
E 189,76 0 10 200 2 A 1 0 0,28
F 22,35 0 10 200 1 A 1 1 0 0,27
G 46,66 0 10 200 2 A 1 1 0 0 0,51
H 81,71 2 10 200 0 A 0,85 1 0 0 0,29
I 73,23 2 10 200 2 A 0,85 1 0 0 0,16
J 72,69 2 10 200 0 A 1 1 0 0 0,17
K 140,25 0 0 0 2 A 0 1 0 0 0,04

Table 36: New lighting

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Zone Orientation Room Floor
Ground First
A South Classrooms X X
B South Cleaning room X
C North Toilets X X
D Northwest Library X
E West Main corridor X X
F North Corridor X
G South Stairs X X
H West Classrooms X
I East Classrooms X
J West Administration and
direction
X
K - Deck - -
Table 37: Zones of Lighting


7.7 MECHANICAL COOLING
According to the definition of low power consumption house, this is a home
where it is not necessary an air conditioning system. Due to their own condi-
tions and properties ensures low internal temperature being expendable cooling
system.

For this reason all the ventilation system will be removed while the demolition
of the ceiling is done, since after carrying out the appropriate measures we will
obtain a low-energy building.


7.8 HEAT DISTRIBUTION PLANT, DOMESTIC HOT WATER AND SUPPLY

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Heat distribution plant

- Suppy pipe temperature, (at outdoor temp. of -12 C) :65 C
- Return pipe temperature: 55 C
- Type of plant: dual

These temperatures have been chosen according to other examples projects
where we found the characteristics of radiators for its installation in a similar
building.

The type of plant will be dual because we did the comparison of both and we
saw that this type gave us less loss.

Pipe lengths
in supply
l (m) Loss (W7mK) b Outdoor
comp. (J/N)
Unused
summer (J/N)
164
Radiators 164 0,26 0 J J
Table 38: Heat distribution plant

o Heat loss (w/mK): we found the loss of a standard pipe
o b: the pipes are placed in heated rooms so the temperature factor is
b = 0.
o Outdoor compensation: there is external temperature compensation of
the pipe tem-perature in the involved pipe distance.
o Unused summer: the heating of the pipe distance is stopped in summer
time

Pumps: here we put the pump to supply to radiators

Pump table Type (A,V,T,K) Number Pnom (W) Fp(-)
Radiators pump K 1 550 0,8
Table 39: Pump

Type
K, combi-pums that both circulate water for room heating and for the hot
water tank.
Pnom and Fp
These datas can be seen at the catalog in annex 4

Domestic hot water

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Hot water consumption. This data is the same that we had before, 100 li-
tres per m2 heated floorage.
Domestic hot water system: The hot domestic water is assumed heated
up to 55 C.
Hot water tank the new characteristics of our building are:
Number of tanks: 1
Volume: 450 l
Supply temperature from central heating: 60 C
Heat loss from hot- water tank: 2,5 W/k
Temp. factor: 0 (heated zone)

Charging pump:
Effect: 50 W
Charge effect: 10 kW

Pipe lengths in
supply and return
l (m) Loss (W/mK) b
4
Pipe 4 0,19 1
Table 40: New Hot water

Pump:
We have 1 pump with 55 W like effect and a reduction factor of 1 now.

Pipe lengths in
supply and return
l (m) Loss (W/mK) b
58
Pipe first floor 28 0,19 1
Pipe second floor 30 0,19 1
Table 41: PumpCirc

Water heaters:

Electric water heater:
0,1 share od DHW in separate el. Water heaters
0 heat loss from hot water container
b=0 because we have a heated zone
Gas water heater: We dont have it now
Supply
New heat pump

2013

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This heat pump has the following characteristics:

o Type: combined
o 0,5 share floor area
o Volume 450l

Room heating DHW
12,4 12,4 Nominal effect, kW
3,83 3,83 Nominal COP, Incl. of pumps, ventilators and
automatics
0,8 0 Rel. COP at 50 load
Test tempera-
tures
C.
7 20 Cold side
45 50 Warm side
Outdoor air Cold side: earth hose, vent, outdoor air or other
source
Heating plant Warm side: room air, air supply or heating plant

Table 42: Heat pump
Table 43: Technical data heat pump

Photovoltaic panels

We have decided to put 50 solars panels because this is the maxi-
mum number that we can choose according to the square meters of
roof facing south and the square meter of the panels that we used.
With 50 panels the system produce:

Step 1: 50 panels x 200 Wpeak = 10 kWpeak

2013

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Figure 69: PVGIS sun irradiation tool provided by the EU

Step 2: 34 degree slope and 0 degree azimuth

Solar radiation database used: PVGIS-CMSAF:
Nominal power of the PV system: 10.0 kW (crystalline sili-
con)
Estimated losses due to temperature and low iradiance:
10.2 % (using local ambient temperature)
Estimated loss due to angular reflectance effects: 2,5 %
Other losses (cables, inverter etc): 14%
Combined PV system losses 24,7 %

2013

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Table 44: Results of PVGIS program

- Annual power production: 15.500 kWh
- Area of system: 1,330 x 0.999 x 50 = 66,5 m
2

- Total sun irradiation of the PV system: 66,5 x 2060 = 136.990 kWh

System efficiency: (15.500/136.990) x (100) = 11,31% or about 11%

Payback

- 402.68 x 50 panels = 20.134
- Annual production (Savings) = 15.500 x 0,172 = 2.666
- 20.134 / 2.666 = 7,55 years

Area sloping roof conservatory:

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Figure 70: Area to system pho-
tovoltaic panels

PV Panel:

2013

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Figure 71: PV panel

PVGIS takes as optimum slope 34 for all Spain.

Figure 72: Slope of panels
l = 1,33 m
= 12
Latitude Fortuna: 40,24
sen 12 = h / 1,33m; h= 0,28m
d2= h / tan (61 - (Latitude - inclination of the cover))
d2= 0,28m / tan (61 - (40,24 22))
d2= 0,30 m
So we have to separate the PV panels at least 0,30 m to avoid the shadows between
the PV panels.
Then, at the program we will introduce the followings data:
66,5 m panel areal
1 kW/m peak power (RS)
0,5 as system efficiency
Orientation: south
Slope: 34
Horizon cutoff: 0
Left shadow: 0
Right shadow: 0

8. INTERPRETATION OF NEW RESULTS

We go to introduce at the program be10 all previous change to see the improve
final result.
Key numbers by BE10 program:

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Total energy frame: 25

Currently we have a transmission loss of 6,2 W/m
These are the results after to introduce the new data about our building. Such as it
show us, the conservatory has a good total energy requirement

Our actual energy demand is:

Figure 73: New Heating demand calculation results distributed for each month.

9. ECONOMIC ASPECT

In this section we will discuss a list of changes to make in our building with price re-
lationship than it costs to each activity. Of this manner we will make an economic study to
check if our changes are viable or conversely are not.

External Walls:
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Initial
state
Month
En
erg
y
De
ma
nd
(m
Wh
/m
ont
h)

2013

Page 72 of 88

To make the economic repercussions that will have the changes made and analyze
both the viability and the amortization thereof, the cost study assumes that this reform. For
this purpose we will apply the following formula to analyze to what extent would cost, the
cost-effectiveness of the work is calculated according to the Danish rule, Building Regula-
tion 10:

The result of the last formulate should be bigger than 1.33 to be cost-effective.


Remove the paint layer and part of the mortar (chopped) , both on the outside
and inside
Put the insulation on the inner side wall
Let an air chamber as next layer
Add a layer of plasterboard
Wall covering of both sides

Table 45: Work plaster face indoors.

m Work plaster face indoors
Chipping of plaster of lime and cement, applied inside vertical face up to 3 m tall, with manual
means, and manually loading on truck or container debris
Separate Ud Breakdown

Efficiency S.P. Price item
mo106 h Laborer ordinary
construction
0,450 15,92 7,16
%

%
Assists means

Indirect costs
2,000

3,000
7,16

7,30
0,14

0,22

Total: 7,52

m Chopped render plaster indoors.
Chipping of plaster lime and cement, applied inside vertical face up to 3 m tall, with manual means,
and manually loading on truck or container debris.

Efficiency. P. S. Price item

2013

Page 73 of 88

Table 46: Chopped render plaster indoors

Table 47: Insulation inside of the double-skin facade of facing brick

mo106 h Laborer
ordinary
construction.
0,450 15,92 7,16
%

%
Auxiliary re-
sources

Indirect costs
2,000

3,000
7,16

7,30
0,14

0,22
Total:
7,52
m Insulation inside of the double-skin facade of facing brick,
Insulation inside of the double-skin facade of facing brick consisting of rigid expanded polystyrene panel,,
80 mm thick, fixed with cementitious adhesive.

Efficiency S.P. Price
item
mt16pea010ga

mo050

mo094
m

h

h
Rigid expanded polystyrene panel, according to
UNE-EN 13163, 80 mm thick, thermal resistance
2.22 m K / W, thermal conductivity 0.036 W / (mK),
Euro class E fire reaction with designator EPS-EN
13163-L1-W1-T1-S1-P3-DS (N) 2-BS100-CS (10)
60.

Official 1 assembler of insulation

Assistant assembler of insulation.
1,050

0,118

0,118
4,82

17,82

16,13
5,06

2,10

1,90
%

%
Assists means

Indirect costs
2,000

3,000
9,42

9,61
0,19

0,29
Ten-year maintenance cost: 0,20 in the first 10 years. Total:
9,90
m System "KNAUF" of Direct plasterboard, of gypsum boards, in interior partitions
Direct plasterboard over internal separation, W 622 "KNAUF", made with gypsum plasterboards - |15 Standard
(A)| anchored to the vertical surface using Omega type profiles, 30 mm in total thickness, 600 mm separation
between screeds
Separate Ud Breakdown Efficien. S. P. Shipm
ent
price
mt12pik015

mt12pfk011d

mt12ppk010b

mt12ptk010ad

mt12pik010b

mt12pck010a

mo049

mo093
Kg

M

m

Ud

Kg

M

H

H

Gypsum glues for plasterboar dsperlfix "KNAUF".

Screeds Omega "KNAUF" 90x15x50 mm, de galva-
nised sheet steel louvers

Gypsum plasterboard A / UNE-EN 520 - 1200 /
length / 15 / honed edge,standard "KNAUF".

Self-tapping screw. TN "KNAUF" 3,5x25.

Liquid gasket Jointfiller F-1 GLS "KNAUF.

Gasket tape "KNAUF" of 50 mm wide.

Skilled worker 1 Separation fitter.

Assistant fitter of prefabricated interiors
0,100

2,000

1,050

14,00

0,300

1,600

0,403

0,137

0,60

1,52

5,23

0,01

1,39

0,04

17,82

16,13
0,06

3,04

5,49

0,14

0,42

0,06

7,18

2,21
%

%
Auxiliary resources.

Indirect costs
2,000

3,000
18,60

18,97
0,37

0,57
Ten-year maintenance cost: 2,15 in the first 10 years. Total:

2013

Page 74 of 88

Table 48: System "KNAUF" of Direct plasterboard, of gypsum boards, in interior partitions

Table 49: Thermal and acoustic mortar for interior coating.

Table 50: Plastic paint over exterior walls.
Table 51: Plastic paint on interior walls of gypsum board or projected plaster

BUDGET OF EXTERNAL WALLS
STEPS PRICE () AREA ( m2)
Remove inside part of the mortar 10,11
Remove outside part of the mortar 7,52
Thermal and acoustic mortar for external coating 15,10
Plastic paint over exterior walls 10,41
Insulation 9,90
Plasterboard 19,54
Plastic paint over interior walls 8,49
= 81,07 893,10
TOTAL 72403,62
Table 52: budget of external walls

19,54
m Thermal and acoustic mortar for interior coat-
ing.
Thermal and acoustic cladding, perlite and lime mortar, designed to good view, 10 mm thick on vertical
wall, gypsum plaster finish applied in thin layer C6.
Ten-year maintenance cost: 2,15 in the first 10
years.
Total:
15,10
m Plastic paint over exterior walls.
Decorative cladding with plastic paint, to perform the topcoat continuous , cleaning and sanding prior to mortar
industrial, in good state of preservation, and two coats of finish (yield: 0 , 1 l / m each hand).
years.
Total:
10,41
m Plastic paint on interior walls of gypsum board
or projected plaster
Plastic paint with smooth texture, white color, matte finish on interior horizontal and vertical surfaces
projected plaster or gypsum plaster base coat and two coats of finish (yield: 0.125 l / m each hand).
years.
Total:
8,49

2013

Page 75 of 88

As seen in the previous result the reform is considered very profitable, because the
value is higher than the minimum.
Floor:

tion 10:



Demolition of continuous false ceiling plates.
Installing new false ceiling
Placement carpet

m

Demolition of continuous false ceiling plasterboard or plasterboard with manual means, and manually
loading on truck or container debris.
Total: 4,18

Table 53: Demolition of continuous false ceiling plates

m False ceiling plate rockwool.
False ceiling, situated at a height less than 4 m, acoustic rock wool panel, composed of modules
600x600x15 mm, smooth white finish for visible profiling T 24.
Ten-year maintenance cost: 6,41 in the
first 10 years.
Total: 25,62
Table 54: False ceiling plate rockwool.

m Insulation of floating floors with extruded polysty-

2013

Page 76 of 88

rene.
Insulation of floating floors consisting of rigid extruded polystyrene panel, lateral thermal straight
smooth mechanized surface, of 50 mm thick, compression strength> = 300 kPa, endurance 1.5 m K /
W, thermal conductivity of 0.034 W / (mK), covered with polyethylene film 0.2 mm thick, prepared to
receive a slab of mortar or concrete (not included in this price).

Total: 16,36
Table 55: Insulation of floating floors with extruded polystyrene.
m Thin layer of self-leveling cement mortar
(CT), (2-10 mm)

Thin layer of leveling paste soil type CT C20 F6 to EN 13813, 5 mm thick, manually applied for
regularization and inner support leveling concrete or mortar surface, after application of primed
modified synthetic resins, acting as a bridge (not including surface preparation), ready to receive
ceramic tiles, cork, wood, laminate, flexible or fabric (not included in this price).
Ten-year maintenance cost: 0,30 in the first
10 years.
Total:
14,86
Table 56: Thin layer of self-leveling cement mortar (CT), (2-10 mm)

m Flexible textile flooring

Carpeted Floor of 100% polyamide synthetic fiber, supplied in rolls of 4x20 m, finished in loop af-
fixed with contact adhesive.

years.
Total:
20,94
Table 57: Flexible textile flooring

BUDGET OF FLOOR
STEPS PRICE
()
AREA ( m2)
Demolition of continuous false ceiling plates. 4,18
Installing new false ceiling 25,62
After that the insulation will be put as next layer 20,12
Include protection with mortar 14,86
Placement carpet 20,94
= 85,72 437,32
TOTAL 37487,07
Table 58: budget of floor

2013

Page 77 of 88


Roof:

tion 10:



Installing new false ceiling

Table 59: Demolition of continuous false ceiling of plates.

Table 60: False ceiling of plate rockwool.
m Demolition of continuous false ceiling of
plates.
Demolition of continuous false ceiling of plates, plasterboard or gypsum board with manual
means, and manually loading on truck or container debris.
Total:
4,18
m False ceiling of plate rockwool.
False ceiling, situated at a height less than 4 m, acoustic rockwool panel, composed of modules
600x600x15 mm, smooth white finish for profiling T 24
years
Total :
25,62

2013

Page 78 of 88

Table 61: Insulation of floating floors with expanded polystyrene

BUDGET OF ROOF
STEPS PRICE
()
AREA ( m2)
Demolition of continuous false ceiling plates. 4,18
Installing new false ceiling 25,62
After that the insulation will be put as next layer 20,12
= 49,92 437,32
TOTAL 21831,01
Table 62: budget of roof

As shown in the table above, we have introduced the surface does not correspond
to the one introduced in this section in the BE10 program. It is because the value of 642.9
m
2
corresponds to the true scale of the roof and the changes are going to make in the ho-
rizontal view and not the inclined surface of the roof itself.


Slab:

tion 10:

m Insulation of floating floors with expanded polysty-
rene
Insulation of floating floors consisting of rigid extruded polystyrene panel, of 50 mm thick, compression strength> =
300 kPa, endurance 1.5 m K / W, thermal conductivity of 0.034 W / (mK), covered with polyethylene film 0.2 mm
thick, prepared to receive a slab of mortar or concrete (not included in this price).
Total:
16,36

2013

Page 79 of 88



Demolition of pavement cement / terrazzo
Vapour control layer
Insulation of floating floors with extruded polystyrene.
Hard wood

Table 63: Demolition of pavement cement / terrazzo.

Table 64: Sheet for waterproofing and uncoupling under ceramic or natural stone floor

m Insulation of floating floors with extruded po-
lystyrene.
Insulation of floating floors consisting of rigid extruded polystyrene panel, lateral thermal straight
smooth machined surface, of 50 mm thick, compression strength> = 300 kPa, endurance 1.5 m K / W,
thermal conductivity of 0.034 W / (mK), covered with polyethylene film 0.2 mm thick, prepared to re-
ceive a slab of mortar or concrete (not included in this price).
Total:
16,36

Table 65: Insulation of floating floors with extruded polystyrene.

m Demolition of pavement cement / terrazzo.
Demolition of existing pavement inside the building, terrazzo tiles, and crushed material grip with jackhammer and ma-
nual loading on truck or container debris.
Total:
4,94
m Sheet for waterproofing and uncoupling under
ceramic or natural stone floor
Waterproofing membrane, uncoupling and diffusing water vapor polyethylene and square shaped cavities
dovetail, 3 mm thick, for waterproofing and uncoupling membrane under ceramic floor or natural stone (not
included in this price). .
Total:
27,46
m Thin layer (2-10 mm) self-leveling cement
mortar (CT).
Thin layer of leveling compound soil type CT C20 F6 to EN 13813, 5 mm thick, manually applied
for regularization and inner support leveling concrete or mortar surface, after application of primer
modified synthetic resins, acting as a bridge (not including surface preparation), ready to receive

2013

Page 80 of 88

Table 66: Thin layer (2-10 mm) self-leveling cement mortar (CT).

Table 67: multi-layer parquet

BUDGET OF FLOOR
STEPS PRICE
()
AREA ( m2)
Demolition of pavement cement / terrazzo 4,94
Vapour control layer 27,48
Insulation of floating floors with extruded polystyrene. 25,41
Include protection with mortar 14,86
Hard wood 42,08
= 114,77 437,32
TOTAL 50191,22
Table 68: budget of floor

As shown in the table above, we have introduced the surface does not correspond
to the one introduced in this section in the BE10 program. This is because the value of
577.77 corresponds to the total area occupied by both including partitions walls as surface.

ceramic tiles, cork, wood, laminate, flexible or fabric (not included in this price).
Ten-year maintenance cost: 0,30 in the first
10 years
Total:
14,86
m multi-layer parquet
Parquet flooring, slat 2180x200x14 mm, with a top layer of oak wood, assembled with adhesive, placed on
foam sheet HDPE 3 mm thick.
years
Total:
42,08

2013

Page 81 of 88


Windows:

tion 10:


Withdrawal of ancient window
Installing thermal bridge
Placement of new window

We have found the unit price window. The characteristics of the window are as described
above: three layers of energy-pane, thermal bridge rupture ...

BUDGET OF WINDOWS
STEPS PRICE () UNITS (ud)
Unit price window 410,15
= 410,15 61
TOTAL 25019,15
Table 69: budget of windows


Mechanical cooling


2013

Page 82 of 88

tion 10:


m Removing installation of air conditioning.
Removing installation of air conditioning ducts, or local office of 894 m built, with manual loading and
manual means of disassembled on truck or container material.
Total: 1561,64
Table 70: Removing installation of air conditioning.

Ligthing

tion 10:

We have decided to implement as saving measures electronic ballasts system, which cor-
respond to the A class.

BUDGET OF LIGTHING
STEPS PRICE () UNITS (ud)
Unit price lamp 35
= 35 149
TOTAL 5215,00
Table 71: budget of lighting

2013

Page 83 of 88


2013

Page 84 of 88

10. CONCLUSIONS
COMPARISON OF RESULTS
RESULTS OF ACTUAL BUILDING
Total heat loss:
- Transmission loss 89,0 kW 68,8 W/m
- Ventilation loss withour HRV 26,4 kW 20,4 W/m (in winter)
- Total 115,4 kW 89,2 W/m
Transmission loss:
For building envelope exd. Windows and doors: 28,1 W/m
Key numbers:

Figure 74: First results of key numbers

2013

Page 85 of 88

NEW RESULTS AFTER APPLY THE CHANGES
Total heat loss:
- Transmission loss 21,8 kW 18,9 W/m
- Total 45,5 kW 39,4 W/m
Transmission loss:
For building envelope exd. Windows and doors: 6,2 W/m
Key numbers:

Figure 75: Final Results of key numbers

After conducting all the changes that have been described and analyzed the economic
cost would suppose us,we can say now that our conservatory is a low consumption building, it
is perfectly adapted to the needs and satisfies the actual regulations.
The cost of the installations for this reform is considered cost effective as it will have a
fairly high savings during its usable life.

2013

Page 86 of 88

11. PURPOSE AND GROUP WORK EXPERIENCE
PURPOSE
At the beginning our purpose was to study our building (Spain), looking for the heat
losses and the best way to reduce our consumption, which could fulfill with the Danish
regulation nowadays.
We had very thick walls without any insulation, a floor and a roof with the same condi-
tions, no insulation and old thin material and finally a foundation slab that dont fulfill with
the Danish regulations regarding thermal bridges.

HOW WERE WE GOING TO DO
We will base much of our work into the Danish regulation program BE10. We must
learn all about this program using SBI direction 213, first how to introduce our building with
all the installation and then know how to interpret the program results.
Once we will have all the results we must take some decision to achieve the minimum
required us by the Danish Regulation, changing our building envelope and looking for the
best installation to obtain our low consumption building.

HOW DID WE DO FINALLY
One of the biggest problem that we had was to understand the BR10 program, with a
lot of Danish Standard references and values which we didnt know where it come from.
Once we understand it, interpreting the program results, we looked for some ideas in
internet, with different projects where we found the best way to convert our old Spanish
building into a low consumption building according to the Danish regulation.
Then we had to follow the BR10 to check if the changes made were profitable or not
as investment, the useful life of the improvement and energy savings.
Finally we selected the best changes introducing into the BE10 to obtain the results.

WAY OF WORKING
Since we started the project we tried to understand the program all together, to under-
stand how our building work, chiefly the building envelope. We tried to introduce it several
times incorrectly until we had it as a cornerstone for understanding the BE10.
Then we tried to divide the project, two by two changing each day between writing the
memory and further comprising the program.

2013

Page 87 of 88

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WEBSITES CONSULTED

BR10 English
DS418 7th edition
SBI direction 213 - second edition
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_pasiva
www.passivehouse.us/
http://www.architecture.com/SustainabilityHub/Designstrategies/Earth/1-1-1-10-
Uvalues(INCOMPLETE).aspx
www.ccfltd.co.uk
www.uvalue.co.uk
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel_solar .
www.nousol.com Material Fotovoltaic
www.zolawindows.com/passive-house-windows
www.internorm.com/uk/.../passive-house.html
www.passivehwindow.com/
http://hhwindows.com/features-2/energy-performance/
https://www.google.es
http://translate.google.com/
http://www.wordreference.com/es/
http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/apps4/pvest.php
Memory of our project

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