- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_1

Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic

University
College of Languages and translation

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_2


Authors:
William Shakespeare:
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-On-Avon. He is an
English poet and playwright. He went to London where he
worked in a theater. He was an actor and dramatist by 1592.
He is often called England's national poet ant the Bard of Avon.
His extant works consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two
long narrative poem and a few other verses. His play translated
into other languages. He wrote both comedy and tragedy.
Hamlet, Macbeth and Julius Caesar, these are a few example of
his tragedies. The Taming of The Shrew and The Twelfth Night
are among his famous comedies.
John Milton:
He was born in London and educated at Christ's college,
Cambridge. After leaving the university, he studies at home in
Horton Buckling Hampshire. He was grateful to his father for
allowing him to study at home instead of preparing for
profession. He lived a pure life, he was known as the Lady of
Christ. It is convenient to consider his works in three divisions.
At first, he wrote his shorter poems at Horton. Next he wrote
mainly prose. His three great poems belong to the last group.
Milton is a great stylish. He is famous for his great style, which
is the result of his lifelong. Milton always was admiring for his
sublimity of thought and majesty of experience. One of his best
works is Paradise Lost. It is a long Epic, written in 12 books.
Also, it was written in blank verse.

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_3

Geoffrey Chaucer:
He was the greatest poet of the Middle English period. He is
often called the father of English poetry, because he made the
decision to write in English not French. French was the
language spoken by those in power at that time. His greatest
work was The Canterbury Tales. He was a well educated man
who read Latin and studies French and Italian poetry. Chaucer
began the tales in 1387 and continued until his death in 1400.
No text in his own-hand still exists, but a number of copies
survived from the 1500s, more than 80. This shows the tales
were popular in England. The other two poem by him are
Troylus and Crysede and The Lagend of Good Woman.
Christopher Marlowe:
English dramatist, the father of English tragedy and the first
practitioner of English dramatic blank verse. Marlowe's career
as a dramatist lies between the years 1587 and 1593, and the
four great plays to which reference has been made
were Tamburlaine the Great, an heroic epic in dramatic form
divided into two parts of five acts each (1587, printed in
1590); Dr. Faustus (1588, entered at Stationers' Hall 1601); The
Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of Malta (dating perhaps from
1589, acted in 1592, printed in 1633); and Edward the
Second (printed 1594).

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_4

Charles Dickens:
He is considered the greatest of the novelist. His first novel was
Pickwick written in 1836. He wrote 2 historical novels, such as
Barriaby Rudge in 1841 and the other on is Tale of Two Cities in
1849. Another novel which is David Copperfield was written in
1849. It is based on his own real life0 some of his novel
describes the poor condition of small children such as Oliver
Twist in , David Copperfield and Nicholas Nickleby. He
described the social life if England in the 19
th
century. He
described many kinds of unpleasant people and places, such as
bad schools and headmasters, bad government departments'
bad prisoner and dirty houses. The characters of his novels are
thieves, murderers, men in debt, stupid and unwashed men
and women, hungry children and dishonest people.
Books :
Beowulf :
Beowulf is an epic poem of over 3,000 verses, whose manuscript
dates from about the 10th-century. The poem is the only epic from
the time that has been preserved as a whole. Its author is unknown,
but he seems to have had a good grasp of the Bible and other great
epics. The first part of the story takes place in Denmark. King
Hrothgar is being pestered by a water monster, Grendel, who is
killing his men. Beowulf comes to his aid and kills Grendel and later,
at the bottom of the lake, also Grendel's mother, who comes to
avenge her son. The second part happens in southern Sweden
about fifty years later. Beowulf himself is a king and has to fight a
firebreathing dragon. The Main Characteristics of Beowulf. There
are many contrasts, for example, water and fire, youth and old age,
life and deathetc. It uses alliteration, kennings, and internal
rhyme. Each line has two beats or stressed syllables. The style of
- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_5

poetical descriptions and word pictures with much repetition makes
the action move slowly.

The Canterbury Tales:
The Canterbury Tales is one of the best loved works in the history of
English literature. Written in Middle English, the story follows a
group of pilgrims who are travelling the long journey from London
to Canterbury Cathedral. Setting off from a London inn, the
innkeeper suggests that during the journey each pilgrim should tell
two tales to help pass the time. The best storyteller, he says, will be
rewarded with a free supper on his return. Chaucer introduces us to
a vivid cast of characters, including a carpenter, a cook, a knight, a
monk, a prioress, a haberdasher, a dyer, a clerk, a merchant and a
very bawdy miller. These characters come from all corners of 14th
century society, and give Chaucer the chance to speak in many
different voices. Some of the characters' tales are humorous, rude
and naughty, while others are moral and reflective.

Paradise Lost:
It is written by John Milton. It is a long epic in 12 books, written in
blank verse. The stories were taken from the Old Testament: the
creation; the rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angels;
their defeat and expulsion from Heaven; the creation of the earth
and of Adam and Eve; the fallen angels in hell plotting against God;
Satans temptation of Eve; and the departure of Adam and Eve from
Eden. In this poem, the scene is the whole universe, including
Heaven and Hell. Milton's splendid voice can be heard here at its
best, in the great blank verse. Paradise Lost contains hundreds of
remarkable thoughts put into musical verse, such as ;" The mind is
its own place, and in itself _ Can make a heaven of hell, a hell of
heaven." All in all, Paradise Lost is the great Protestant epic poem in
English.
- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_6

Comparison :
Mystery plays VS Morality plays:
Drama of the Middle age is divided into two major categories. First,
Mystery plays (Mysteries) or Miracle plays (Miracles). Its main theme was
religion. These Miracle plays told religious stories and were performed in or
near the churches. The subject of miracle plays are various such as Noah
and the great flood, Abraham and Isaac, and so on. Miracle plays deal with
the real account of people. Second, Morality plays which aimed to teach
people moral lessons. The characters in morality plays were not people.
They were either bad qualities (greed, revenge), good qualities like (
honesty) , or abstractions like ( money, youth and so on). Morality plays
personified the qualities in characters. Morality plays represent the moral
lessons in an effective way by the conflict between the characters. One of
the best-known 15th C. Moralities is Everyman. It is a story about the end of
Everyman's life. The characters included strength, beauty, knowledge , and
good deeds. When Everyman faces Death, all those friends leave him except
Good Deeds.
Old English Vs. Middle English:
The Old English language of this whole period (500-1100) is known as
Old English. No exact date exists for its beginning. The first written
records of the language date from around 690 AD (however, people had
spoken it long before then). Most Old English words were Germanic,
having come from the languages of the Angles, Jutes and Saxons. Latin,
however, also had a strong influence on early English. Later, the
Scandinavians (Vikings) contributed many words to Old English. By the
end of the Old English period (marked by the Norman Conquest), Old
English had been established as a literary language with a remarkable
polish and versatility as an example of Old English is Beowulf. While the
Middle English language was from about 1100 up to 1500. The greatest
poet of that time was Geoffrey Chaucer. He is often called the father of
English poetry. The language had changed a great deal in the 700 years
since the time of Beowulf. It's much easier to read Chaucer than to read
anything written in the old English.
- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_7

Neoclassicism Vs. Romanticism:
Neoclassicism was born out of a rejection of the Rocco and late Baroque
styles in the middle of the 18th century. These artists wanted a style that
could convey serious moral ideas such as justice, honor, and patriotism. The
movement was a profoundly educational one, for its devotees believed that
the fine arts could and should spread knowledge and enlightenment.
Nature is defined in the Neoclassic as human nature. Neoclassic writers
gave importance to thought and reason. In neoclassicism, poetry was the
artful manipulation of real life happenings into a poetic composition
portraying a fictional character. They gave importance to poetic 'eye' where
the reader sees the other person through the poet's eye. Human beings, as
an integral part of the social organization, were the primary subject of
poetry. More importance was given to diction, focusing on vocabulary and
grammar. Romanticism began in the same era but its approach had to do
with the modern rather than the antique. It was about wildness and
expression rather than control. Romantic artists had no fixed laws relating
to beauty and properties of subject matter. Instead, Romanticism was a
creative outlook, a way of life. Romantic writers gave prominence to
emotions and self experience. Poetry reflected personal feelings of the poet
as it is spontaneous and not the man in action in the composition. They
gave importance to poetic 'I', meaning the reader sees the poet in the
protagonist. Nature to a great extent, became a persistent subject of
poetry. Less importance was given to diction and more to the language of
common man.

- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_8




THE AGE LITRARY WORKS THE WRITER
Old English
literature
Beowulf (poem)
unknown
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (prose)
King Alfred
Homilies (prose)
Live of Saints (prose)
Aelfric
Middle English
literature
The Canterbury Tales (poem) Geoffrey Chaucer
Arthur's Death \ Death of Arthur (prose)
Thomas Malory
John Milton
Time
Lycidas (short poem)
Paradise Lost (epic poem)
Paradise Regained (long poem)
John Milton
Restoration
Time
Drama The Conquest of Granada (heroic \
tragic)
Aurengzebe (heroic \ tragic)
Marriage-a-la-Mode (comedy)
All for Love (comedy)
John Dryden
The Way of the World William Congreve
The School for Scandal Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Prose Essay on Dramatic Poesie John Dryden
The Pilgrim's Progress John Bunyan
Essay on the Human Understanding John Locke
- Done By: Hanan @desnoni_9



THE AGE LITRARY WORKS THE WRITER
Elizabethan
age
Poetry
The Shepherd's Calendar
The Faerie Queene
Epithalamion
Edmund Spenser
Astrophel and Stella Sir Philip Sidney
Prose
Euphues (kind of novel) John Lyly
Essays Francis Bacon
Drama
Ralph Roister Doister (first comedy) Nicholas Udall
Gorboduc (first tragedy) KYD
The Spanish Tragedy ( !!)
Dr.Faustus Christopher Marlowe
A Comedy of Errors
The Taming of the Shrew
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Love's Labour's Lost
A Midsummer Night's Drram
The Merchant of Venice
As You Like It
Much Ado About Nothing
Twelfth Night
comedies
William Shakespeare
Romeo and Juliet
Hamlet
King Lear
Macbeth
Othello
tragedies
The Tempest romance
Every Man in his Humour (tragedy !)
Sejanus (tragedy)
Volpone the Fox (comedy)
Epicoene
The Silent Women
The alchemist
Bartholomew Fair
Benjamin Jonson