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Conduction and Radiation Heat
Transfer
ME 301
Course Teacher:
Dr. Mohammad Arif Hasan Mamun
&
Dr. Aloke Kumar Mozumder
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
BUET
Detail Outline of Course:
Basic modes of heat transfer;
General conduction equation for one dimensional
and three dimensional situation;
Steady state conduction in different geometrics and
composite structures for one dimensional situation;
Effect of variable thermal conductivity;
Analysis of heat conduction of system with heat
sources and heat transfer from finned surfaces;
Transient heat conduction in solids with negligible
internal resistance and with internal and surface
resistance;
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Use of Heisler charts; Analytical and numerical
solutions of conduction heat transfer problems.
Heat transfer by the mechanism of radiation; Laws
of radiation heat transfer;
Blackbody radiation and radiative properties of
surfaces;
Angle factor;
Net radiation interchange between two infinite
parallel planes, concentric spheres and long cylinders;
Simple enclosure problems;
Radiation shield;
Solar radiation and its prospects in Bangladesh.
Reference Books:
1. Principle of Heat Transfer
-Kreith
2. Heat Transfer
- M.N. Ozisik
3. Heat Transfer
-Halman
4. Heat Transfer
-Chapman
5. Fundamentals of Heat Transfer
-F.P. Incorpera & D.P. DeWitt
6. Heat and Mass Transfer
-Y. A. engel
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Heat Transfer
Heat transfer is a term applied to a study in which
transfer of energy in the form of heat takes place as a
result of temperature difference.
The temperature is a thermal state of a body which
distinguishes a hot body from a cold body.
The temperature of a body is proportional to the stored
molecules energy i.e. the average molecules kinetic energy of
the molecules in a system.
Thermal energy is related to the temperature of matter.
For a given material and mass, the higher the temperature,
the greater its thermal energy.
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Question?
Why study Heat Transfer?
What is Thermodynamics?
What is the difference b/w Thermodynamics and Heat
Transfer?
Thermodynamics
It is a science of the relation ship b/w Heat, Work and
Properties of the system it deals with equilibrium
states, it does not deal with Rate of Energy (Heat )
Transfer.
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Heat Transfer
It obeys the laws of thermodynamics.
In Heat Transfer, rate (i.e. time) is very important which
is absent in thermodynamics.
Mechanism of Heat Transfer is not in Thermodynamics.
Objectives of our study:
Mechanism by which heat is transferred.
Parameters involved
Rate of heat transfer and total quantity of heat transfer
over a certain period of time.
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Applications of Heat Transfer:
Heat Transfer From Finned Surfaces
The thin plate fins of a car radiator
greatly increase the rate of
heat transfer to the air
Some innovative fin designs.
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Modes of Heat Transfer
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
Conduction:
It is a mechanism by which heat flows from a region of
higher temperature to a region of lower temperature within a
medium or between different medium by kinetic motion of
molecules or by direct impact as in fluids or by electron flow as
in solid.
Conduction is the transfer of heat through solids or stationery
fluids.
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When you touch a hot object, the heat you feel is transferred
through your skin by conduction.
Two mechanisms explain how heat is transferred by conduction:
lattice vibration and particle collision.
Conduction through solids occurs by a combination of the two
mechanisms;
Heat is conducted through stationery fluids primarily by
molecular collisions.
Figure 1 Conduction by lattice vibration
In solids, atoms are bound to each other by a series of bonds,
analogous to springs as shown in Figure 1.
When there is a temperature difference in the solid, the hot
side of the solid experiences more vigorous atomic movements.
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The vibrations are transmitted through the springs to the
cooler side of the solid.
Eventually, they reach an equilibrium, where all the atoms
are vibrating with the same energy.
Figure 2 Conduction by particle collision
Solids, especially metals, have free electrons, which are not
bound to any particular atom and can freely move about the solid.
The electrons in the hot side of the solid move faster than those
on the cooler side. This scenario is shown in Figure 2.
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As the electrons undergo a series of collisions, the faster
electrons give off some of their energy to the slower electrons.
Eventually, through a series of random collisions, an
equilibrium is reached, where the electrons are moving at the
same average velocity.
Conduction through electron collision is more effective than
through lattice vibration; this is why metals generally are better
heat conductors than ceramic materials, which do not have many
free electrons.
In fluids, conduction occurs through collisions between
freely moving molecules.
The mechanism is identical to the electron collisions in
metals.
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Convection:
It is a study of the heat transfer process caused by the flow of
fluids and is a mode of heat transfer between a solid surface
and a liquid or gas.
Figure 1.4 Natural convection
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Convection uses the motion of fluids to transfer heat.
In a typical convective heat transfer, a hot surface heats the
surrounding fluid, which is then carried away by fluid
movement such as wind.
The warm fluid is replaced by cooler fluid, which can draw
more heat away from the surface.
Since the heated fluid is constantly replaced by cooler fluid,
the rate of heat transfer is enhanced.
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