264

Fig. 1 Gego with her sister Elisabeth, Hamburg, c.1920. Collection Fundacin Gego, Caracas.









Fig. 2 Postcard Weissenhofsiedlung, Araberdorf, Stuttgart, 1940. Mies van der Rohe Archive,
Museum of Modern Art, New York.
265


Fig. 3 Ciudad Bolvar, c.1930. Photograph Espinoza y Rebolledo, Collection Marlene Wulff de
Aguirre.




Fig. 4 Alejandro Otero, Lineas inclinadas, 1951. Oil on canvas. 80,7 x 65 cm. Collection The Estate
of Alejandro Otero, Caracas.
266


Fig. 5 Carlos Ral Villanueva, Museo de Ciencias, Caracas, c.1938. Photograph Luis Felipe Toro,
Collection Alberto Vollmer.






Fig. 6 Carlos Ral Villanueva, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1953. Photograph Paolo
Gasparini.
267


Fig. 7 Carlos Gonzles Bogen, staircase mural, Universidad central, c.1953. My photograph.




Fig. 8 Carlos Ral Villanueva, Urbanicacin 23 de Enero, Caracas, c.1957. Photograph Paolo
Gasparini.

268


Fig. 9 Gego, Partiendo de un rombo, 1958. Welded iron, painted, 56,8 x 44,5 x 32,7 cm. Collection
Galera de Arte Nacional, Caracas.




Fig. 10 Gego, Vibracin en negro, 1957. Painted Aluminium, 75 x 60 x 43 cm. Collection
Fundacin Gego, Caracas.
269


Fig. 11 Gego, Escultura, Banco Industrial de Venezuela, 1962. Aluminium and iron, height 10 m.
Collection Banco Industrial de Venezuela Caracas.





Fig. 12 Gego, Cuerdas, Centro Simn Bolvar, 1972. Nylon and iron, 18 x 17,5 x 22 m. Collection
Centro Simn Bolvar Parque Central, Caracas.
270


Fig. 13 Gego, Sin ttulo, 1958. Ink and tempera on paper, 36,6 x 29 cm. Collection Fundacin Gego,
Caracas.





Fig. 14 Gego, Cinta, 1962. Welded iron, painted, 164 x 161 x 113 cm. Collection Galera de Arte
Nacional Caracas.
271


Fig. 15 Gego, Untitled, c.1956. Tempera on wood, approximately 20 x 25 cm. Collection of Hans
Meyer, Kent, England.





Fig. 16 Gego, Doce crculos concntricos (Girando Moebius), 1957. Painted Aluminium, 36 x 29 x
24 cm. Collection of Toms and Cecilia Gunz, Caracas.
272


Fig. 17 Gego, Mural INCE, 1969. Aluminium, enamelled steel, back wall with crystal mosaic.
Approximate dimensions 6 x 20 m. Collection Instituto Nacional de Cooperacin Educativa,
Caracas.





Fig. 18 Paul Citroen, Mazdasnan-Kuren, 1922. Graphite on drawing, 21,5 x 19,3 cm. Bauhaus-
Archiv, Berlin.
273


Fig. 19 Gego, Ocho cuadrados, 1961. Painted welded iron. 170 x 64 x 40 cm. Collection of Jimmy
Belilty.





Fig. 20 Gego, Sin ttulo, 1959. Ink on paper, 27,9 x 21,5 cm. Collection Fundacin Gego, Caracas.
274


Fig. 21 Gego, Espiral sin fin, 1958. Painted stainless steel. 30 x 25 x 25,5 cm. Collection Museo de
Arte Contemporneo Sofa Imber, Caracas.




Fig. 22 Max Bill, Reverse Spiral, 1944-48, Steel wire, 17 x 17 cm. Collection Jakob Bill.
275



Fig. 23 Max Bill, Doppelflche mit sechs rechtwinkligen Ecken, 1948-1979. Stone, 164 x 86 x 140
cm and Alejandro Otero, Title unknown, undated. My photograph.
276


Fig. 24 Gego, Esfera en hexaedro, 1964. Welded iron, painted. 63 x 98 x 98 cm. Collection of
Barbara Gunz, Caracas.





Fig. 24a Jess Soto, Estructura en hierro UCV, 1957. Painted iron structure, approximate
dimensions 170 x 80 x 50 cm. Collection Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas.
277


Fig. 25 Gego, Partiendo de un cuadrado, 1958. Aluminium, 90 x 90 x 70 cm. Collection Instituto
Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientficas, Caracas.




Fig. 25a Pedro Briceo Despliegue Interno-Externo del Prisma, 1958. Painted iron, 109,5 x 24,3 x
47 cm. Collection Dianora Morazzini Besson.

278


Fig. 26 Gego Cuatro tetraedros, 1966. Painted iron, 57 x 89 x 130 cm. Collection Ignacio and
Valentina Oberto.





Fig. 27 Technical drawing from Keith Critchlow, Order in Space: a design source book, Thames
and Hudson, London, 1969.
279


Fig. 28 Installation view of 'Le Mouvement' exhibition, Paris, 1955. Archive Galerie Denise Ren,
Paris.




Fig. 28 Victor Vasarely, Vega-Lep, 1970. Acrylic on canvas, 150 x 150 cm. Private collection.
Reproduced in Vasarely, Richard C. Morgan, Naples and New York, 2004.
280


Fig. 29 Group photograph artists included in the exhibition NUL65, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam,
1965. Archive Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam.









Fig. 31 Reims Shopping Mall, Architect: Claude Parent, 1970. Loeil, June-July, 1970, p. 36.
281


Fig. 32 Jess Soto, Leo Viejo, 1961. Painted wood, iron wire, metal, 40 x 15 x 24 cm. Private
collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.




Fig. 33 Jess Soto and Narciso Debourg, Paris c.1950. Photograph Archive Jess Soto, Paris.
282


Fig. 34 Jess Soto, Leo, 1961. Painted wood, iron wire, metal. 75 x 25 x 16 cm. Collection Patricia
Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.




Fig. 35 Jess Soto, Vibracin roja, azul y negra, 1958. Paint on wood and iron wire, 95 x 81 x 25
cm. Collection Museo de Arte Moderno Jess Soto, Ciudad Bolvar, Venezuela.
283


Fig. 36 Jess Soto, Sans titre, 1959-60. Wood, wire and oil paint, 1959-60. Painted wood, wire,
metal. 90 x 30 x 34 cm. Collection of Madame Marie-Louise Berthodin.




Fig. 37 Jess Soto, Soto, Leo Vejo, 1960. Painted wood, iron wire, metal, 75 x 25 x 16 cm.
Collection Galera de Arte Nacional, Caracas.
284


Fig. 38 Jess Soto, Sans titre, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 102 x 102 cm. Collection
Alain Gheerbrant.





Fig. 39 Jess Soto, La scie metaux, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 100 x 100 cm. Private
collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.
285


Fig. 40 Jess Soto, Leno azul y negro, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 137 x 90 x 11 cm.
Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.





Fig. 40a Jess Soto, Leno azul y negro, detail cube, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 137 x
90 x 11 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris,
1997.
286


Fig. 41 Jess Soto and Jean Tinguely, Mural, 1961. Photograph collection Vera Spoerri, Paris.







Fig. 42 ZERO demonstration, Otto Piene, Gnter Uecker, Heinz Mack, Rheinwiesen Dsseldorf,
1962. Photograph Zero : internationale Kunstler-Avantgarde der 50er-60er Jahre, exhibition
catalogue, Museum Kunst Palast, Dsseldorf and Muse d'Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne, 2006-2007.

287


Fig. 43 Jess Soto, El ovalo verde y negro, 1969. Saint on Word, metal and nylon, 100 x 100.
Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.




Fig. 44 Jess Soto, Volume virtuel suspendue, Royal Bank of Canada, Toronto, 1977. Soto,
exhibition catalogue, Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.
288


Fig. 45 Jess Soto, Volume virtuel Air France, Roissy, 1989-95. Photograph Batrice Hatala.





Fig. 46 Jess Soto, Halle de la Rgie Renault Boulogne Billancourt, 1975. Photograph Imago,
Paris/Collection Museo de Arte Moderno Jess Soto, Ciudad Bolvar, Venezuela.
289


Fig. 47 Jean-Baptiste Giraud, Achilles, 1789. Marble, 55 x 80 cm. Muse Granet, Aix-en-Provence.





Fig. 48 Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, The Sleep of Endymion, 1791. Oil on canvas, 197 x 261 cm.
Muse du Louvre, Paris.
290


Fig. 49 Gego at the Museo de Arte Contemporneo, 1977. Photograph Fundacin Gego, Caracas.

291


Fig. 50 Caracas, Parque Central, under construction, c.1975. Photograph reproduced in Soledad
Mendoza, (ed.), As es Caracas, Ateneo de Caracas, Ediciones Amn, Caracas, 1980. Photographic
credit unavailable.



Fig. 51 Gego, Torrecilla, 1968. Welded iron, height 39 cm. Private collection.

292


Fig. 52 Jess Soto, Estructura en hierro (Pre-penetrable), 1957. Paint on iron structure, 166 x 126,5
x 85,5 cm. Collection Patricia Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.




Fig. 53 Cinco pantellas, 1968-71. Aluminium and iron, height: 3,5 m. Collection Instituto
Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientfcas, Caracas.



293


Fig. 54 Gego, Reticulrea 75, 1975. Steel, 210 x 260 cm. Collection AT&T, New Jersey.





Fig. 55 John Borrego, Space, Grid, Structures, Skeletal Frameworks and Stresses Skin Systems,
MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1968.

294


Fig. 56 Gego Dibujo sin papel, 78.15, 1978. Iron and plastic, 50 x 45 x 8,54 cm. Collection Batriz
Medina.


Fig. 57 Dibujo sin papel, 87.25, 1987. Steel and copper, 36 x 36,5 x 2 cm. Collection Fundacin
Gego, Caracas.





Fig. 58 John Borrego, Space, Grid, Structures, Skeletal Frameworks and Stresses Skin Systems,
MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1968.
295


Fig. 59 Gego, Dibujo sin papel 76.4, 1976. Iron, iron and Plexiglass 67,5 x 73 x 19,3 cm. Collection
Helly Tineo.




Fig. 60 Gego, Sin ttulo, 1963. Ink on paper, 35 x 28 cm. Collection Fundacin Gego, Caracas.


296


Fig. 61 Caracas, c.1978. Photograph reproduced in Soledad Mendoza, (ed.), As es Caracas, Ateneo
de Caracas, Ediciones Amn, Caracas, 1980. Photographic credit unavailable.




Fig. 62 Jess Soto, Volume suspendue, Cubo Negro, Centro Banaven, Caracas, 1979. Collection
Centro Banaven, Caracas.
297


Fig. 63 View of Atrium at Centro Simn Bolvar with Gego, Cuerdas, 1972. Nylon and iron, 18 x
17,5 x 22 m. Collection Centro Simn Bolvar Parque Central, Caracas.


298


Fig. 64 Gego, Cuadrilteros, 1982-83. Aluminium tubes. Metro station La Hoyoda, Caracas.
Collection C.A. Metro de Carcas.






Fig. 64a Gego, preparatory sketch for Cuadrilteros, 1982. Collection Fundacin Gego, Caracas.


299



Fig. 65 Diagram from El arte cintico y sus orgenes, exhibition catalogue, Ateneo, Caracas, 1969.
300


Fig. 66 Gego, Chorros, Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, 1971. Steel, various dimensions.
Collection Fundacin Gego, Caracas. Photo William Shuttle.





Fig. 66a Gego and Chorros, Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, 1971.
301


Fig. 67 Gego, Reticulrea cuadrada no 5, 1973. Steel, 200 x 70 x 70 cm. Collection Museo de Arte
Contemporneo, Caracas.

302


Fig. 68 Gego, Reticulrea ambientacin, 1969. Installation view Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas,
Room 8, June-July 1969. Steel, 5,4 x 3,5 x 5 m. Collection Galera de Arte Nacional, Caracas.





Fig. 69 Gego, Sin ttulo, 1977. Steel and iron, 45 x 69 x 69 cm. Collection Fundacin Gego,
Caracas.
303


Fig. 70 Gego, Columna, (Reticulrea cuadrada), 1972. Steel, aluminium, iron and nylon, 340 x 90
x 90 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.





Fig. 71 Gego, Dibujo sin papel 79.9, 1979. Steel and iron, 27,5 x 32 x 17 cm. Private collection.
Reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.
304


Fig. 72 Anselm Kiefer, Nrnberg, 1981/82. Oil on canvas, 290 x 390 cm. Reproduced in Zeitgeist:
Internationale Kunstaustellung Berlin 1982, exhibition catalogue, Martin-Gropius Bau, Berlin,
Frlich & Kaufmann, Berlin, 1982.




Fig. 73 Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 2005. Photograph reproduced in the prospectus for the
concert season 2005-2006.
305


Fig. 74 Christian Megert Spiegelplastik, undated. No details provided. Photograph reproduced in
Spielraum-Raumspiele, exhibition catalogue, Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 1982.





Fig. 75 Gnter Uecker, Nailed and Fragmented Alte Oper, 1982. Undated, dimensions unknown.
Photo-collages reproduced in Spielraum-Raumspiele, exhibition catalogue, Alte Oper, Frankfurt am
Main, 1982.
306


Fig. 76 Gnter Uecker, Nailed Nail, 1962. Metal, 200 x 40 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in
Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York, 1989.

Fig. 77 Gnter Uecker and Hans Richter, Occupation of the Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, 1968.
Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York, 1989.pi
307


Fig. 78 Uecker Sand Spirale, 1965. Sand, lead, twine, electric motor with steel arm, diameter 150
cm. Collection of the artist. Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
Publishers, New York, 1989.





Fig. 79 Otto Piene, Feuerbild, c. 1960. Atelier Httenstrasse, Dsseldorf. Photograph reproduced in
Zero : internationale Kunstler-Avantgarde der 50er-60er, exhibition catalogue Museum Kunst
Palast, Dsseldorf and Muse d'Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne, 2006-2007. Marene Heyne,
Dsseldorf.
308


Fig. 80 Gnter Uecker, TV auf Tisch, 1963. TV, wood, nails, glue, 118 x 80 x 80 cm. Collection of
the artist. Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York,
1989.
309


Fig. 81 Gego, Installation of Reticulrea, 1982. Spielraum-Raumspiele, Alte Oper Frankfurt.
Photograph reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.






Fig. 82 Gego, Page from Spielraum-Raumspiele catalogue. Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 1982.
Photographic credit unavailable.
310


Fig. 83 Gego looking at the Reticurea, Liszt Salon, 1982. Alte Oper Frankfurt. Reproduced in
Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.




Fig. 84 Gego, Dibujo sin papel, 79.19, 1979. Steel and various metals, 37 x 36 x 0,9 cm. Collection
Andrs Zancani.
311


Fig. 85 Gego, Dibujo sin papel, 85.12, 1985. Steel and iron, 98 x 101 x 2 cm. Collection Fundacin
Gego, Caracas.





Fig. 86 Gego, Bicho 87.11, 1987. Steel and painted stone, 40 x 30 x 31 cm. Collection Patricia
Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.