1

Designation: C 443M 98
METRIC
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Consoo!"en, #A 1$%&'
Re(r)nte* +ro, te Ann-a. Boo" o+ ASTM Stan*ar*s. Co(/r)0t ASTM
Standard Specification for
Joints for Circular Concrete Seer and Cul!ert "ipe# $sing
Ru%%er &as'ets (Metric)
*
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 443M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision ! number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval !
superscript epsilon "e# indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
11 This specification covers flexible watertight $oints for
circular concrete sewer and culvert pipe and precast h% ga
sections, using rubber gas&ets for sealing the $oints, where
infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design The
specification covers the design of $oints and the re'uirements
for rubber gas&ets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in
all other respects to (pecification C 14M or (pecification
C )*M, and precast h% ga section conforming in all other
respects to (pecification C 4)+M, provided that if there is
conflict in permissible variations in dimensions the re'uire,
ments of this specification for $oints shall govern
1- This specification is the metric counterpart of (pecifi,
cation C 443
12! 3)4, "5 t-6t n7/ bao 08, !9! ,:) n:) ";n n<=! !o !:n0 tr>n b? t@n0,
:n0 !:n0 A7 !9! (Bn : 0a 3C! sDn, sE *Fn0 #e M !ao s- !o n)?, (on0
!9! "=(, nG) tH, o2! eI+).trat)on .7 ,Jt /K- t: tron0 t)Kt "K. C9! 32! 3)4, "5
t-6t bao 08, A)L! t)Kt "K !9! "=( A7 !9! /?- !B- !o #e M !ao s- sM 3<N!
sE *Fn0 t?, n<a, !o 3<On0 :n0 (P N( Q tHt !R !9! ";a !Sn "9! 34 T-/
C 1%M o2! T-/ C UVM, A7 (Bn : 0a 3C! sDn (P N( Q tHt !R !9! ";a !Sn
"9! 34 T-/ C %U'M, ,)Wn .7 nK- !X I-n0 3Jt tron0 !9! b)Kn t4 !o (Y( tron0
!9! ";! t<=! /?- !B-Z,ents n7/ 32! 3)4, "5 t-6t !o "=( (R) [-Rn.
1,& 32! 3)4, "5 t-6t n7/ .7 38n0 s: .)L- !\a S(e!)+) !at)on CZ%%].
./T0 11This specification covers the design, material, and perfor,
mance of the rubber gas&et $oint only 2oints covered by this specification
are normally ade'uate for hydrostatic pressures up to 34 &5a "3 m#
without lea&age, when tested per (ection 14 6nfiltration or exfiltration
'uantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other
than the $oints, and allowable 'uantities must be covered by other
specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system
2. Referenced Documents
-1 ASTM Standards:
C 14M (pecification for Concrete (ewer, (torm 7rain, and
Culvert 5ipe 8Metric9
-
C )*M (pecification for :einforced Concrete Culvert,
(torm 7rain, and (ewer 5ipe 8Metric9
-
C 4)+M (pecification for 5recast :einforced Concrete
;% ga (ections 8Metric9
-
C +-- Terminology :elating to Concrete 5ipe and :elated
5roducts
-
7 33< Test Methods for :ubber 5roperty1Compression
(et
3
7 41- Test Methods for =ulcani>ed :ubber and Thermo,
1
This specification is under the $urisdiction of !(TM Committee C,13 on
Concrete 5ipe and is the direct responsibility of (ubcommittee C134+ on :ubber
?as&ets
Current edition approved May 14, 133+ 5ublished 7ecember 133+ /riginally
published as C 433M @ +4 Aast previous edition C 433M @34
-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, =ol 444<
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, =ol 4341
-
plastic :ubbers and Thermoplastic 0lastomers1Tension
3
7 4)1 Test Method for :ubber 5roperty10ffect of Ai',
uids
3
7 <)3 Test Method for :ubber17eterioration in an !ir
/ven
3
7 1143 Test Method for :ubber 7eterioration1(urface
/>one Crac&ing in a Chamber
3
7 --44 Test Method for :ubber 5roperty17urometer
;ardness
3
3. Terminology
31 Definitions: Bor definitions of terms relating to concrete
pipe, see Terminology C +--
4. Basis of Acceptance
41 The acceptability of the pipe $oints and gas&ets shall be
determined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in
this specification, if and when re'uired, and by inspection
to determine whether the pipe $oints and gas&ets conform to
this specification as to design and freedom from defects
Te a!!e(tab).)t/ !\a !9! "=( I<Gn0 :n0 A7 #e M 3<N! I9! 3^n bQ) !9!
"Kt [-R !\a !9! tE n0)L, A6t ._ [-/ 3^n tS) !9! 32! 3)4, "5 t-6t n7/, nK- A7
") !Bn t)Kt, A7 b`n0 !9! ")4, tra 34 I9! 3^n Ie, !9! "=( I<Gn0 :n0 A7
#e M (P N( A=) 32! 3)4, "5 t-6t n7/ .7 34 t)Kt "K A7 ta *o tb ")K, "-/Kt
5. Materials and Manufacture for as!ets
<1 !ll rubber gas&ets shall be extruded or molded and
cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense,
homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other
imperfections The gas&ets shall be extruded or molded to the
specified si>e within a tolerance of V * C on any dimension,
measured at any cross section The rubber gas&et shall be
fabricated from a high,grade rubber compound The basic
polymer shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a blend of
both acceptable to the owner and meeting the physical re'uire,
ments prescribed in (ection *
THt !R !ao s- sM 3<N! 3Pn o2! 3C! A7 !ca "d) tron0 ,Jt !9! te! r`n0
bHt "f (Bn !Yo sM 3<N! *7/ 32!, 38n0 nHt, A7 ,)Wn (; !\a (oros)t/, Ag,
()tt)n0, A7 "@n0 o7n Ro "9!. C9! #e M 3<N! 3Pn o2! 3C! 34 ";! t<=!
[-/ 3^n tron0 A>n0 ,Jt "oan *-n0 !\a V Vh Ai ";! t<=! bHt "f, 3o tS) bHt "f
(Bn !Yo. C9! 0as"et !ao s- sM 3<N! !K tSo tb ,Jt N( !Ht !ao !H( !ao s-.
C9! (o./,er !G bRn sM 3<N! ta n)?n, !ao s-, !ao s- tjn0 N(, o2! ,Jt sa
(a trJn !\a !R a) !H( n6n 3<N! !\ sQ c- A7 39( en0 !9! /?- !B- A6t
!HtZ,ents [-/ 3^n tS) ,F! V.
". #$ysical Re%uirements for as!ets
*1 Standard Gasket e!uirement1The gas&ets shall meet
with the following physical re'uirementsD
Tens).e stren0t, ,)n ' M#a
E.on0at)on at brea", ,)n, h ]k0
Sore *-ro,eter ar*nessl
M)n ]k
A
MaI Vk
A
Co,(ress)on set, ,aI, h o+ or)0)na. *e+.e!Z &k
t)on
C 443M
A!!e.erate* a0)n0, ,aI h o+ or)0)na.
De!rease )n tens).e stren0t 1k
De!rease )n e.on0at)on &0
L)[-)* ),,ers)on, ,aI h me)0t )n!rease
Water absor(t)on b/ me)0t, ,aI, h 10
Onone res)stan!e no !ra!"s )n
a!!or*an!e m)t
Test Meto*
D 11%$
A
A..omab.e Aar)at)on Vk +ro, ,an-+a!t-reros s(e!)+)e* ar*ness (roA)*e* te
a!t-a. ar*ness )s m)t)n te .),)ts o+ ]k to Vk.
*- "il esistant Gasket e!uirements1The compound
shall contain not less than <4 C by volume oil resistant
polymer and shall meet the following physical re'uirementsD
tongue where the gas&et seats shall be not more than 3<E
measured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to <E may
be used if proven ade'uate by plant tests as specified in
(ection 14 and approved by the owner The conic surface on
the spigot or tongue may be modified to properly contain
and seat the gas&et
)1< The annular space between the gas&et,bearing sur,
faces of the assembled and centered $oint shall be not more
than )< C of the uncompressed thic&ness of the applied gas&et
including the manufacturerFs tolerances of the $oint and gas&et
The $oint design shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unit
by opening one side of the outside perimeter of the $oint 13
mm
Tens).e stren0t, ,)n
E.on0at)on at brea", ,)n, h
Sore *-ro,eter ar*ness, no,)na.l
M)n
MaI
' M#a
]k0
]k
A
Vk
A
wider than the assembled position without reducing its water,
tightness Ghere greater deflections are re'uired than provided
by the $oint design, beveled $oints or elbows must be provided
)1* The gas&et shall be the sole element depended upon to
D-ro,eter a0)n0, ,aI )n!rease 1k
Co,(ress)on set, h p&& at U0qCr &k
A!!e.erate* a0)n0 p$V at U0qCrl
De!rease )n tens).e stren0t, ,aI, h o+ &0
or)0)na.
De!rease )n e.on0at)on, ,aI, h o+ or)0)na. %0
L)[-)* ),,ers)on p,aI h Ao.-,e !an0erl
O)., ASTM s] pU0 at 100qCr k0
Water p%' at U0qCr 1k
ma&e the $oint flexible and watertight The gas&et shall be a
continuous ring which fits snugly into the annular space
between the overlapping surfaces of the assembled pipe $oint
to form a flexible watertight seal
)1) The gas&et shall not be stretched more than 34 C of
its original circumference when seated on the spigot or tongue
end of the pipe
Onone res)stan!e, U& eI(os-re )n k0
##MM onone !on!entrat)on at %0qC
no A)s)b.e
!ra!")n0
)1+ Ghere the particular design utili>ing a rubber gas&et
dictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, the
A
A..omab.e Aar)at)on Vk +ro, ,an-+a!t-rers s(e!)+)e* ar*ness (roA)*e* te
a!t-a. ar*ness )s m)t)n te .),)ts o+ ]k to Vk.
*3 6f a splice is used in the manufacture of the gas&et, the
strength shall be such that the gas&et shall withstand 144 C
elongation over the part of the gas&et which includes the splice
with no visible separation of the splice Ghile in the stretched
position, the gas&et shall be rotated in the spliced area a
minimum of 1+4E in each direction in order to inspect for
separation 6n addition, any portion of the splice shall be
capable of passing a bend test without visible separation The
bend test for gas&ets is defined as wrapping the portion of the
unstretched gas&et containing the splice a minimum of 1+4E
and a maximum of -)4E around a rod Bor /,ring gas&ets the
diameter of the rod shall be e'ual to the cross,section diameter
of the gas&et Bor noncircular gas&ets, the rod diameter shall
not be less than 13 mm or more than -< mm
&. Design of 'oints
)1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with the
detailed design of the $oint or $oints including design and
durometer hardness of the rubber gas&et proposed to be
furnished under this specification
)11 The $oint design shall consist of a bell or groove on
one end of a unit of pipe, and a spigot or tongue on the
ad$acent end of the $oining pipe
)1- !ll surfaces of the $oint upon or against which the
gas&et may bear shall be smooth, free of spalls, crac&s or
fractures, and imperfections that would adversely affect the
performance of the $oint
)13 The $oints of the pipe shall be of such design that they
will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the
gas&et when tested in accordance with (ection 14
)14 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the inside
of the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot or
C 443M
lubricant composition shall have no detrimental effect on the
performance of the gas&et and $oint due to prolonged
exposure
./T0 -12oints in an assembled position are defined as $oints in the
position after assembly in accordance with the manufacturerFs design
)- Alternative #oint Designs16f permitted by the owner,
manufacturers may submit to the owner detailed designs for
$oints and gas&ets other than those described in (ection )
7esign submissions shall include $oint geometry, tolerances,
gas&et characteristics, proposed plant tests, gas&et splice bend
tests, and such other information as re'uired by the owner to
evaluate the $oint design for field performance 2oints and
gas&ets of alternative $oint designs shall at least meet all test
re'uirements of this specification if permitted by the owner
!lternative $oint designs shall be acceptable provided the
designs are approved by the owner prior to manufacture and
provided the test pipe comply with the specified tests
(. #ermissi)le *ariations in Dimensions
+1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipe shall
not vary from the perpendicular to the pipe axis by more than
< mm for internal diameters )<4 mm and smaller; or by more
than * mm for internal diameters +-< to 13<4 mm inclusive; or
not more than 14 mm for internal diameters 1<44 mm and
larger
+- The manufacturerFs tolerances for the width of the
annular space between the gas&et bearing surfaces shall not
vary by more than V14 C of the uncompressed thic&ness of
the applied gas&et
+. Test Met$ods for as!ets
31 The physical properties of the gas&ets shall be deter,
mined in accordance with the following methodsD
311 Tensile Strength and $longation1Test Method 7
41-
31- %ardness1Test Method 7 --44, with the exception
of (ection 4 The determination shall be ta&en directly on the
gas&et The pressor foot shall be applied on areas that are *
mm or greater in thic&ness 6f * mm or greater thic&ness is not
available in the gas&et, thinner samples may be plied up to
obtain this thic&ness
313 &ompression Set1Test Methods 7 33<, Method H
Test conditions to be -- h at )4EC (pecimens shall not be
prepared from laboratory prepared slabs or by direct molding
314 Accelerated Aging1Test Method 7 <)3 Test condi,
tions to be 3* h at )4EC
31< 'ater Absorption1Test Method 7 4)1 Ise distilled
water for the standard test li'uid Ghen a -<,mm wide test
specimen cannot be obtained, use the greatest width obtainable
from the test sample Test conditions shall be 4+ h at )4EC
31* "(one esistance17etermine the resistance to o>one
in accordance with Test Method 7 1143
31*1 (pecimens shall be the test specimen length of the
finished gas&et cross,section
31*- Conduct test for )- h in <4 55;M concentration at
44 V -EC stressed to -4 C extension
1,. #erformance Re%uirements for 'oints
141 The owner may re'uire that assembled $oints pass the
following performance tests without lea&age at the $oints, and
the manufacturer shall have the option of allowing the as,
sembled $oints to stand under a pressure of 34 &5a or less, for
a maximum of -4 h prior to the testD
1411 )ipes in Straight Alignment1;ydrostatic pressure
tests on $oints shall be made on an assembly of two sections of
pipe, properly connected in accordance with the $oint design
!t the option of the owner a second such test may be re'uired
(uitable bul&heads may be provided within the pipe ad$acent
to and on either side of the $oint, or the outer ends of the two
$oined pipe sections may be bul&headed .o mortar or
concrete coatings, fillings, or pac&ings shall be placed prior to
water, tightness tests !fter the pipe sections are fitted
together with the gas&et or gas&ets in place, the assembly shall
be sub$ected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 34 &5a "3
m# pressure head for 14 min Moisture or beads of water
appearing on the surface of the $oint will not be considered as
lea&age 6f lea&age of $oints should initially occur, the
manufacturer shall have the option to extend the test period
up to -4 h
141- )ipes in Ma*imum Deflected )osition1Ipon
completion of the test for pipes in straight alignment in 1411,
the test sections shall be deflected to create a position 13 mm
wider than the assembled position on one side of the outside
perimeter of each $oint and shall be sub$ected to an internal
hydrostatic pressure of )4 &5a for 14 min Moisture or beads
of water appearing on the surface of the $oint will not be
considered as lea&age
11. Storage
111 The gas&ets shall be stored in as cool, clean, and
shaded a place as practicable, preferably at -1EC or less
11- The lubricant shall be stored in accordance to the
lubricant manufacturerFs recommended temperature range
12. -nspection
1-1 The 'uality of the materials and the finished pipe $oint
and gas&et shall be sub$ect to inspection and approval by an
inspector employed by the owner
13. .ertification
131 Ghen re'uested by the owner, the manufacturer shall
furnish written certification that the $oint lubricant conforms to
all re'uirements of this specification for the specific gas&ets
supplied
14. Mar!ing
141 +ubricant,The following information shall be clearly
mar&ed on each container of lubricant
1411 .ame of lubricant manufacturer
141- Isable temperature range for application and stor,
age
1413 (helf life
1414 Aot or batch number
15. Repairs
1<1 (palled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damage
during handling, of each pipe end, may be repaired and will be
acceptable, if in the opinion of the owner, the repaired pipe
conforms to the re'uirements of )1-; provided the circum,
ferential length of a single area to be repaired shall not exceed
one fourth of the inside diameter of the pipe or the circumfer,
ential length of several areas combined does not exceed one
half of the inside diameter of the pipe
1<- !t the option of the owner, the pipe $oint that has been
repaired shall be sub$ected to the designated hydrostatic test in
accordance with 1411 and shall be accepted if it passes the
hydrostatic test re'uirements
1". Re/ection
1*1 5ipe $oints and gas&ets shall be sub$ect to re$ection
upon failure to conform to any of the re'uirements of this
specification 5ipe that is damaged because of carelessness or
continuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu,
facture or damage during handling shall be sub$ect to re$ection
1*- ?as&ets shall be sub$ect to re$ection whenever they
show surface chec&ing, weathering, or other deterioration prior
to installation in the wor&
1&. 0ey1ords
1)1 concrete pipe; $oints; rubber gas&ets
Te A,er)!an So!)et/ +or Test)n0 an* Mater)a.s ta"es no (os)t)on res(e!t)n0 te Aa.)*)t/ o+ an/ (atent r)0ts asserte* )n
!onne!t)on m)t an/ )te, ,ent)one* )n t)s stan*ar*. tsers o+ t)s stan*ar* are eI(ress./ a*A)se* tat *eter,)nat)on o+ te Aa.)*)t/
o+ an/ s-! (atent r)0ts, an* te r)s" o+ )n+r)n0e,ent o+ s-! r)0ts, are ent)re./ te)r omn res(ons)b).)t/.
T)s stan*ar* )s s-bue!t to reA)s)on at an/ t),e b/ te res(ons)b.e te!n)!a. !o,,)ttee an* ,-st be reA)eme* eAer/ +)Ae /ears
an* )+ not reA)se*, e)ter rea((roAe* or m)t*ramn. Yo-r !o,,ents are )nA)te* e)ter +or reA)s)on o+ t)s stan*ar* or +or a**)t)ona.
stan*ar*s an* so-.* be a**resse* to ASTM Hea*[-arters. Yo-r !o,,ents m).. re!e)Ae !are+-. !ons)*erat)on at a ,eet)n0 o+ te
res(ons)b.e te!n)!a. !o,,)ttee, m)! /o- ,a/ atten*. I+ /o- +ee. tat /o-r !o,,ents aAe not re!e)Ae* a +a)r ear)n0 /o- so-.*
,a"e /o-r A)ems "nomn to te ASTM Co,,)ttee on Stan*ar*s, 100 Barr Harbor Dr)Ae, West Consoo!"en, #A 1$%&'.