2014

ADVANCE HEAT
TRANSFER
Homework No. 5
Tamara Trejos G020H033
KUN SHAN UNIVERSITY
TRANSIENT HEAT EQUATION DERIVATION
THE LUMPED CAPACITANCE METHOD
It is considered a body of arbitrary shape of mass m, volume V, surface area A
S
, density , and specific
heat C
P
initially at a uniform temperature T
i
. At time t=0, the body is placed into a medium at
temperature

and heat transfer takes place between the body and its environment, with a heat
transfer coefficient h.






(Heat transfer into the body during dt) = (The increase in the energy of the body during dt)

Where and dT=d(T-

) since

= constant
(

Integrating from t=0, at which T=T
i
, to any time t, at which T=T(t), gives

()

Taking the exponential of both sides
()

()

Therefore
()

The reciprocal of b has time unit (usually s), and its called the time constant.
Once the temperature T(t) at time t is available, the rate of convection heat transfer between the body
and its environment at that time can be determined from Newtons law of cooling.
()

[()

] ()
The total amount of heat transfer between the body and the surrounding medium over the time interval
t=0 to t is simply the change in the energy content of the body:

[()

] ()
The amount of the transfer reaches its upper limit when the body reaches the surrounding
temperature

. Therefore, the maximum heat transfer between the body and its surrounding is

) ()
LUMPED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
Characteristic length:

Biot number:

Or

A small Biot number represents small resistance to heat conduction, and thus small temperature
gradients within the body. Lumped systems assumes a uniform temperature distribution throughout the
body, which is the case only when the thermal resistance of the body to heat conduction is zero.
Thus, when Bi < 0.1, the variation of temperature with location within the body is slight and can
reasonably be approximated as being uniform

Plain wall
Under the conditions of constant thermo physical properties, no heat generation, thermal symmetry
about the midplane, uniform initial temperature, and constant convection coefficient, the one-
dimensional transient heat conduction problem in the half-domain 0 x L of the plain wall can be
expressed as
Differential equation:

Boundary conditions:
( )

( )

[( )

]
Initial condition:
( )

Non-dimensionalization:
Dimensionless differential equation

Dimensionless BCs
( )

( )

( )
Dimensionless initial condition
( )
Where
( )
( )

Exact solution
( ) ()()
Substituting into the dimensionless differential equation and dividing by the product FG

Separation of variables

General solutions

()

()

And

()

()]

[() ()]
Applying the boundaries conditions
( )

[() ()]

()

( )

( )

()

This last equation is called the characteristic equation or eigenfunction, and its roots are called the
characteristic values or eigenvalues. Therefore it follows that there are an infinite number of solutions,
and the solution of this linear heat conduction problem is a linear combination of them

)
To find the constant A
n
it is use the initial condition
( )
Fourier series expansion

)
Multiply both sides by cos(

) and integrate from X = 0 to X = 1

(

)









TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION







T= 100 at y = 0
T = 100 at x = 0
T = 100 at x = 0.1
T = 500 at y = 0.05

For

> 0

)(

)
Using the first three boundary condition

500 C
100 C 100 C
100 C
0.1
0.05
x
y
Applying the forth boundary condition

Solving for C
n

()

()
()

Therefore
( )

()

())
()