Introduction:

A. Hook: Dreams are often most profound when they seem the most crazy.

B. Background Info: Freud was born on 6 May 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia. The
family moved to Leipzig and then settled in Vienna, where Freud was educated. In
1873, Freud began to study medicine at the University of Vienna. he then worked at the
Vienna General Hospital. In 1885, Freud went to Paris as a student of the neurologist
Jean Charcot. In 1900, his major work 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published in
which Freud analysed dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences. He
studied how the brain worked in many different ways. He studied how our brains react.


C. Thesis: So, Sigmund Freud contributed to modern psychology and
psychoanalysis by the use of talk/couch therapy, dream analysis, and his theories about
the unconscious.


Body #1
Topic Sentence: Firstly Sigmund Freud contributed to psychoanalysis and
psychology by the use of talk and couch therapy.
Talk therapy is where you talk about how you are feeling and what you are
thinking. Talk therapy was used to resolve psychological problems. As part of this he
invented a "therapy couch" on which the patient lay and relax in while the therapist sat
close by so they could take notes and listen. This was used for the relaxing properties of
hypnotherapy he had discarded by now. he also created the now famous approach of
"free association" which was encouraging the patient to speak out loud about any
thoughts or images that crossed their minds. Free association also dealt with
unpleasant experiences and memories are brought into consciousness.


Body #2
Topic sentence: Secondly, Sigmund Freud contributed to psychoanalysis and
psychology by the use of dream analysis. On July 24th 1895, Freud had his own
dream that helped him create the basis of his theory. He interpreted his dream as wish-
fulfilment. He deciphered between what the dreamer remembers and the underlying
wish of the dreamer. The dream content is often based on what happened throughout
the day. Dream analysis deals with the translation of the underlying content into the
truthful meaning. Understanding the many alter processes would help us to understand
the truthful meaning of a dream. His dream analysis theories lead to dream dictionaries'
and dream interpreters,which are still popular now.


Body #3
Topic Sentence: Sigmund Freud contributed to psychoanalysis and psychology
by the use of his theories in the unconscious psyche.
Freud developed a model of the mind, where he described the features of the
minds structure and function.
(show picture)
In his model the conscious mind, (everything we are aware of), is seen as the tip of an
iceberg. The unconscious mind is a vault of primitive wishes and impulses buried and
controlled by the preconscious area. Freud found that some occurrences and desires
were too frightening or hurtful for the patients to acknowledge. Freud believed such
information was locked away in a region he called the unconscious mind. He believed
this was due to repression. Freud theorized that the unconscious mind controls behavior
to a larger degree than people suspect. Indeed, the goal of psychoanalysis is to make
the unconscious mind conscious.
He then later developed a more structural model of the mind comprising the
presence of the id, ego and superego that Freud called the psychic apparatus. Theyre
not physical areas within the brain. Theyre hypothetical ideas of important mental
functions. Freud had a theory that the id functioned at an unconscious level according to
the pleasure principle. The id contains two kinds of biological instincts which he called
Eros and Thanatos. Eros, or life instinct, helps the individual to survive. It directs life-
sustaining activities such as respiration, eating and reproduction. The energy created by
the life instincts is known as libido. Thanatos, or death instinct, is viewed as a set of
destructive forces present in all human beings. When this energy is directed outward
onto others, it is expressed as aggression and violence. Freud believed that Eros was
stronger than Thanatos, thus enabling people to survive rather than self-destruct.
The ego develops from the id during infancy. The egos goal is to satisfy the
demands of the id in a safe and socially acceptable way. In contrast to the id, the ego
follows the reality principle as it operates in both the conscious and unconscious mind.
The superego develops during early childhood when the child identifies with the
same gendered parent and is responsible for ensuring that moral standards are
followed. The Superego operates on the morality principle and motivates us to behave
in a socially responsible and acceptable manner. The superego can make a person feel
guilty if rules are not followed. When there is conflict between the goals of the id and
superego the ego must act as a referee and mediate this conflict. The ego can deploy
various defense mechanisms to prevent it from becoming overwhelmed by anxiety.

-chart on http://www.simplypsychology.org/Sigmund-Freud.html#dream-

-Repression is an unconscious mechanism employed by the ego to keep disturbing or
threatening thoughts from becoming conscious.
-Denial involves blocking external events from awareness. If some situation is just too
much to handle, the person just refuses to experience it.
-Projection involves individuals attributing their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings,
and motives to another person.
-Displacement is satisfying an impulse like aggression with a substitute object
-Regression is a movement back in psychological time when one is faced with stress.
-Sublimation is satisfying an impulse like aggression with a substitute object in a socially
acceptable way.

Sigmund had created some of the most complicated theories.

Conclusion: Sigmund Freud contributed to modern psychology and psychoanalysis by
the use of talk/couch therapy, dream analysis, and his theories about the unconscious.
These led to many theories of interpreting dreams and the thoughts of the unconscious
mind. He created ways to help people to become rehabilitated. Without Freuds theories
and ideas, modern psychology and psychoanalysis would be incomplete and there
would be no help for those who needed help.


















Work Sited Page:

http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/s/sigmund_freud.html#38POsWPP5hfoQ8OH.99
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/freud_sigmund.shtml
http://www.nndb.com/people/736/000029649/
http://www.wien-vienna.com/freud.php
http://www.simplypsychology.org/Sigmund-Freud.html#dream