A Clonagem Reprodutiva

Cludia Leal Custdio dos Santos 65176

Sociologia 1 ano




















Pesquisa Bibliogrfica e Anlise da Informao (CI-CT3)
2 Janeiro 2014
1. Introduo


Tema: A clonagem reprodutiva
Questo de investigao: Ser legtima a aplicao da clonagem reprodutiva na espcie humana?
Recurso
utilizado
Palavras-chave
utilizadas
Referncias dos materiais encontrados

Captulo

B-on


"human cloning" AND
ethics
Miralles, A. A., & Guzmn, J. L. (2008). Human cloning and human dignity. In D. Weisstub, &
G. Pintos (Eds.), Autonomy and Human Rights in Health Care: An International Perspective
(pp. 271-289). Netherlands: Springer.
Dissertao
de mestrado

NDLTD

Ethics* AND human
cloning
Amanze, S. (2005). Technologised Parenthood: An Ethical Implacation of Human Reproductive Cloning
(Dissertao de mestrado no publicada). Universidade de Linkping, Linkping.
Artigo 1 RCAAP

Clonagem reprodutiva
OR humana
Neves, D. (2010). Clonagem Reprodutiva. Nascer e Crescer, 19(1), 34-40.
Artigo 2 Academic
Search
Complete
psychological harms,
bioethics, human
reproductive cloning
Havstad, J. (2010). Human reproductive cloning: a conflict of liberties. Bioethics, 24(2), 71-77.
Artigo 3 Academic
Search
Complete
Reproductive cloning
AND human rights
Challa, K. (2011). Reproductive cloning in human beings: a challenge to human rights. Golden
Research Thoughts, 1(6), 1-4.
Artigo 4 B-on reproductive cloning Lewis, J. L. (2008). Predicting the Judicial Response to an Asserted Right to Reproductive
Cloning. Journal of Legal Medicine, 29(4), 523-526.
Artigo 5 B-on reproductive cloning,
personal identity*
Lane, R. (2006). Safety, identity and consent: a limited defense of reproductive human cloning.
Bioethics, 20(3), 125-135.
2. Tabela de Sumrios de Pesquisa
3. Justificao da relevncia dos materiais
Na pesquisa que realizei deparei-me com dificuldades em encontrar informao atual e baseada em
investigaes empricas, bem como artigos com fator de impacto, pelo que a escolha dos meus
materiais relacionou-se mais com outros fatores.
Captulo de livro: Jos Guzmn professor na Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade de
Navarra, tendo escrito vrios livros do campo farmacutico. Angela Miralles, professora de
Filosofia do Direito e de Biotica. Considero que o artigo relevante para a minha pesquisa, pois os
autores abordam o impacto que a tomada de posio nesta questo poder ter no futuro da espcie
humana.
Dissertao de mestrado: Foi realizada na Linkping University, na Sucia, a qual ocupou o
29 lugar (num total de 100) no ranking das melhores universidades europeias de 2012 segundo o
4International Colleges & Universities. O trabalho realizado aborda a clonagem reprodutiva em
seres humanos do ponto de vista das suas implicaes na parentalidade, o que considero um tema
importante a ter em conta na minha questo de investigao.
Artigo 1: A revista Nascer e Crescer dedica-se investigao de assuntos de carcter cientfico,
constando os seus artigos em bases de dados internacionais como o Scopus. A autora doutorada
em biotica e atravs da sua escrita vai promovendo a reflexo do leitor acerca da questo da
clonagem de uma forma bastante interessante, principalmente em relao aos seus contras.
Artigo 2: A sua informao recente e foi escrita por Joyce Havstad, futura doutorada em
estudos de filosofia e cincia. A autora j colaborou em revises de literatura e em peridicos
revistos por pares, como o caso daquele em que se insere este artigo. Bioethics tem um fator de
impacto de 1.33 e est no Quartil 2, confirmando a qualidade dos seus contedos.
Artigo 3: Foi o material mais atual que consegui encontrar especificamente sobre a minha
questo e a revista onde foi publicado, segundo o seu site oficial, submete todos os seus trabalhos a
uma reviso por pares. A autora ps-graduada em bioqumica e aborda pertinentemente a
necessidade de os pases assumirem uma posio definida em termos legais em relao a esta
questo.
Artigo 4: Ficou em terceiro lugar num concurso anual de escrita sobre biotica em 2008 e foi
publicado no peridico (revisto por pares) oficial do American College of Legal Medicine. A autora
doutorada na rea da biologia celular e molecular e aborda um procedimento especfico (a SCNT)
da clonagem reprodutiva humana, refletindo sobre a possibilidade de ser aceite a nvel legal pelos
pases.
Artigo 5: Foi publicado no j referido peridico Bioethics, pelo que tive em conta o seu
prestgio. O autor professor de filosofia e a sua perspetiva pareceu-me interessante, na medida em
que foi dos nicos que encontrei a abordar um lado mais positivo da questo da clonagem
reprodutiva humana.

4. Ficha de Leitura
Referncia: Havstad, J. (2010). Human reproductive cloning: a conflict of liberties. Bioethics, 24(2), 71-
77.
Resumo:
Contedos
principais


Introduo




O direito
liberdade
reprodutiva







O direito
autodeterminao






Descartando os

danos psicolgicos





O problema da
no-identidade











Concluses:
Crtica:
Referncias mais importantes:


5. Referncias
Miralles, A. A., & Guzmn, J. L. (2008). Human cloning and human dignity. In D. Weisstub, & G.
Pintos (Eds.), Autonomy and Human Rights in Health Care: An International Perspective
(pp. 271-289). Netherlands: Springer.
Amanze, S. (2005). Technologised Parenthood: An Ethical Implacation of Human Reproductive Cloning
(Dissertao de mestrado no publicada). Universidade de Linkping, Linkping.
Neves, D. (2010). Clonagem Reprodutiva. Nascer e Crescer, 19(1), 34-40.
Havstad, J. (2010). Human reproductive cloning: a conflict of liberties. Bioethics, 24(2), 71-77.
Challa, K. (2011). Reproductive cloning in human beings: a challenge to human rights. Golden
Research Thoughts, 1(6), 1-4.
Lewis, J. L. (2008). Predicting the Judicial Response to an Asserted Right to Reproductive Cloning.
Journal of Legal Medicine, 29(4), 523-526.
Lane, R. (2006). Safety, identity and consent: a limited defense of reproductive human cloning.
Bioethics, 20(3), 125-135.





6. Anexos
Anexo A - Human cloning and human dignity

































Anexo B - Technologised Parenthood: An Ethical Implacation of Human Reproductive Cloning
Science and technology has been the bedrock of human growth and dynamism. Man has
over the years distinguished his existence from all other beings by his ability to champion and
fashion his existence. Among his tools is biotechnology which actually attenuates the fears of aging
and death.
Human reproductive cloning stands out as one of the means through which biotechnology plans to
achieve this perfect existence for man. Technological advancements in the field of biotechnology
are now in the threshold of human procreation. Human reproductive cloning is seen as an assisted
method of reproduction which creates a newborn that is genetically identical to another human
being.
Human reproductive cloning as a technology and as a means of reproduction is not without
its pros and cons. In as much as the technology promises to mention but a few, hope for the infertile
couples and single parents, as well as the hope of reproduction without passing on hereditary
diseases; it at the same time beeps some flashes of worry. Hence, the inherent threat to the notion of
parenthood which does not smack of compromise, coupled with other ethical implications are
reasons one may proffer not to have this technology.
Technologised parenthood stands out as an implication of human reproductive cloning and
as such it considers issues in human sexuality i.e. the place of human sexuality in reproduction and
then the nature of the family which is the playground of human existence. This thesis focuses on
this implication of human reproductive cloning while making a critical exposition of the concept of
human reproductive cloning.
















Anexo C - Clonagem Reprodutiva
O homem anseia em si perpetuar, podendo para isso ultrapassar barreiras ticas, na tentativa
de preservar o seu patrimnio gentico e se imortalizar. Criar um ser sua imagem e semelhana,
desde os primrdios da civilizao um sonho do homem, que com a divulgao da ovelha Dolly
(05/07/1996), tornou possvel. O grande desafio atual conciliar o saber humanstico e cientifico na
busca da felicidade, pois as fronteiras biolgicas esto sendo derrubadas, e devemos refletir no
utilizar indiscriminado da cincia.
A clonagem teraputica atualmente aceita por muitos pases, porque oferece medicina a
oportunidade de repor tecidos perdidos e de tratar vrias doenas etc. A clonagem reprodutiva dos
seres humanos proibida por quase todos os pases e considerado um ilcito penal, podendo levar
ao empobrecimento da diversidade gentica. A conferncia geral da UNESCO (11/11/1997) diz as
prticas contrrias a dignidade humana, no devem ser permitidas; sendo reiterada esta idia na
Declarao das Naes Unidas (08/03/2005). Por este motivo, a clonagem um desafio tico atual,
podendo constituir uma ameaa ao patrimnio gentico da humanidade.





















Anexo D - Human reproductive cloning: a conflict of liberties
Proponents of human reproductive cloning do not dispute that cloning may lead to violations
of clones right to self-determination, or that these violations could cause psychological harms. But
they proceed with their endorsement of human reproductive cloning by dismissing these
psychological harms, mainly in two ways. The first tactic is to point out that to commit the genetic
fallacy is indeed a mistake; the second is to invoke Parfits non-identity problem. The argument of
this paper is that neither approach succeeds in removing our moral responsibility to consider and to
prevent psychological harms to cloned individuals. In fact, the same commitment to personal liberty
that generates the right to reproduce by means of cloning also creates the need to limit that right
appropriately. Discussion of human reproductive cloning ought to involve a careful and balanced
consideration of both the relevant aspects of personal liberty the parents right to reproductive
freedom and the cloned childs right to self-determination.


Anexo E - Reproductive cloning in human beings: a challenge to human rights
In the present times the knowledge of biological and chemical sciences is being applied to
living organisms like plants, animals and micro-organisms to modify and manipulate their genetic
makeup in order to obtain desired products and characteristics. This technology known as
biotechnology and genetic engineering has already invaded each and every facet of human life and
environment and its profound effect on our everyday life may become more prominent by the end
of this decade.
Anexo F - Predicting the Judicial Response to an Asserted Right to Reproductive Cloning


Anexo G - Safety, identity and consent: a limited defense of reproductive human cloning
Some opponents of reproductive human cloning have argued that, because of its experimental
nature, any attempt to create a child by way of cloning would risk serious birth defects or genetic
abnormalities and would therefore be immoral. Some versions of this argument appeal to the
consent of the person to be conceived in this way. In particular, they assume that if an experimental
reproductive technology has not yet been shown to be safe, then, before we use it, we are morally
obligated to get either the actual consent or the presumed consent of the person to be conceived. In
this article, I attempt to explain the appeal of such consent-based arguments as deriving from a
mistaken view of personal identity. I then argue that since this view is false, such arguments are
unsound. Finally, I argue that even if reproductive cloning is unsafe, it may still be morally
permissible in some circumstances.