Bowthorpe

a communitys
Beginnings





Ray Simpson

www.raysimpson.org











PDF formatting by Brian Lamont
Penbury Press
Edinburgh, 2014

Design by Ian Metcalfe
Printed by Norfolk Central Printers
Introduction
This book is about the spirit of a commrrni-
ty. You cannot build cornmunity on the
cheap. Nor can you buy it. It grows out of peo-
ple with shared roots, tasks and hopes.
A community needs a structure. It helps
greatly if this is well planned. tsut this is not
enouqh. It is like the skeleton of a person. It
requires flesh and spirit.
True community is where people becorne
free to be themseives, yet can relate to the
varied people who happen to live around. It
is a buffer zone between the helplessness of
the individual and the heartlessness of socie-
ty.
Britian's post-war housing developments
are often blighted by a drab despair which at
times erupts into violence.
"Why
are your
youngsters so lack-lustre?", a head teacher
was asked in one of these places.
"Because
they have no identity" was his reply. Ncr
had they opportunity or hope.
Ray Simpson
ORIOINAL JUNCTION
{*.
Bowthorpe, on the western outskirts of
Norwich, is Norwich City Council's bold at-
tempt to answer this problem. It will com-
prise three villages, each with its own centre
and faciiities; and a blend of council and
private housing in varied Norfoik-style ar-
chitecture, free from through traffic. It will re-
tain old, historic Bowthorpe at its heart. It is
being observed by pianners
and pundits
from near and far. Will it succeed, and
brecome a signpost of hope to others?
'l-his
book is a contribution to that end. It is
abor-it the people of Bowthorpe and their
roots f rom the di.stant past to the present
time. It drarvs frorn their experience things
that make or mar a community. The story is
tunfinished. We hope its telling will help write
a worthy next chapter.
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J o
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s d o l a n u a u a g o o s
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S A J J R O q
t ] ' ' ' l ;
r ' -
Stree
Barnard Road
Beloe Avenue
Brampton Couri
Burnpstede Cou r:
Cornwallis Close
Cotterall (Cotter: .
Donchurch Clos.
Goodhale Road
Howlett Drive
Humbleyard
Leyham Court
Lushington Clc,s=
Noot Alley
Contents
Early times
Alocalsaint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Norman Conquest
The Leyhams. . .
A new spirit
St. Michael's.
Recession
Robert Kett rgbels
Roman Catholics resist
A priest in disguise
A mini renewal . .
"The
King of Bowthorpe"
The Bacon Franks
The nineteenth century
The enterprising Overlands
The hungry thirties
Bell School of Languages
Norwich's Sale of the Century . . .
The modern development. . . . . .
Pioneers and mud
A descendant of the Jernigens . . .
Working in Bowthorpe
School
Healthy Community
Church
Sport
Warning signals. .
A way to go
Photos
Street Index
Acknowledgements
1
...3
.,.4
..5
...6
...6
. .8
...8
...9
10
12
12
13
16
17
17
18
. .20
. .20
. .21
. .21
. .22
. .23
. .25
. .26
..30
..30
. .31
..33
..37
..38
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s p e a q - a x e p o q s l l o d a u r J a u r o s
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A superb example of a classic 9th century
Saxon strap hook was found by Ron Barnes
in 1979. It is a shield-shaped silver plate with
a beaded border and a hole for the hook of a
strap or belt. The shield is divided into three
panerls each containing an animal with
speckled body, square snout, and a bump
over the eye. He also found a silver sword-
hilt mount. The decorations on this include
animals with beaked heads, a characteristic
of Saxon metalwork of this period. Ninth cen-
tury pieces
of such quality are rare in East
Anglia, and Bowthorpe has provided
two
notable additions.
We may imagine in Bowthorpe a set-up
typical of the later Saxons. They grew
cereal
crops, and reared cattle, sheep and pigs, but
the village community owned its arable and
pasture land in common. Their skilled crafts-
men would include the spinner, weaver,
shoe-maker, carpenter and smith, and every
family would make utensils or ornaments of
wood, pottery
or bone. They had a passion
for decoration and songs. The Domesday
Book informs us that Bowthorpe was owned
by a Saxon named Haken; ten families had
holdings at that time and there were three
serfs. Tracks and fords linked Bowthorpe to
the nearby villages of Bawburgh, Colney,
and Earlham.
On Sundays it is likely they went to wor-
ship either by foot to Costessey or by boat to
Bawburgh,
then spelt Baber.
Saxon Villoge: First School children.
2
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The Norman Conquest
The Norman Conquest of 1066 changed
the face of Britain, and Bowthorpe was no ex-
ception. [t became the property
of the king,
and was administered by a Norman named
Godric. The Domesday Survey, compiled for
King William I, in 1086, says that Bowthorpe
had fourteen tax paying men at that time, as
well as their wives and children, and three
servants. Two plough
teams worked the
Crown land, and another two teams worked
land belonging to tenants. One tenant rented
10 acres of pasture for pigs; another rented
pasture for seven pigs and sixteen sheep.
There were also two socmen with four acres
of land; and a mill. Perhaps some of the Sax-
ons were employed by their new owners;
others may have moved into the city of Nor-
wich, which did not yet have walls to keep
people
out.
The Norman elite lived in fine buildings like
Nonvich Castle and Costessey Manor. Part of
today's Bowthorpe was included in the
Costessey estate, which the kings endowed
to a succession of high-ranking lords. In-
creasingly this became a hunting and spor-
ting area for the Norman gentry, and forest
replaced pasture land. The section of
Bowthorpe in Costessey Estate was owned by
Sir John de Clavering in 1314. An investiga-
tion in 1480 declared that even the tenants of
this estate were to enjoy the privileges
of this
Crown Land, and were exempt from
jury
ser-
vice.
J
s
d
tr
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School drauing of Domesday Book.
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A New Spirit
A new spirit came to the village. It sprang
from both a material and a spiritual revivai.
The symbol of this twin development was the
building of a church, which was consecrated
in 1304. If what remains today is the full ex-
tent of the original church, it was a simple
building, forty five feet by twenty one feet. It
had no aisle,
just
an altar, an arched east win-
dow and buttresses. However, an alternative
suggestion has been put forward by Neil Bat-
cock, a teacher at the Middle School, who
completed a project on the church for Nor-
folk Archaeological Unit. He observed that
the west wall is a blocking of a later date, and
that buttresses are only found at the east cor-
ners of the church. Moreover, he noted that a
1636 repair bili refers to a steeple but that this
did not exist in the 18th century. He con-
cludes that the original church was quite
large, with steeple, n ave and ch ancel .
Perhaps a thatched, timbered farm house
an early edition of Bowthorpe Hall was
built nearby. There would have been a rec-
tory and clay built homes for the shepherds
and their families.
St. Michael's
The church was dedicated to St. Michael and
All Angels. Why? Michael means
"like
God".
The Bible depicts him as the protector
of or-
dinary people from all that harms body or
soul. A belief that he carries souls to God at
their death is captured in the Negro folk
song,
"Michael,
row the boat ashore". [n
1950 Pope Pious 12th named him the patron
saint of policemen. In the east he is looked on
as a special guardian
of the sick. An angel is a
spiritual being with free will, full of goodwill
and obedience to God. As the Archangel,
Michael is the leader of the unseen forces of
good. lf this seemed unreal to an older
generation, it speaks to young people grow-
ing up in Bowthorpe today. Brought up on
films like
"The
Exorcist" and on occult
magazines, some of them have sought pro-
tection against powers of evil that are only
too real. They can understand, too, how vi-
sions of St. Michael on several mountains led
to chapels in his name being built on hills
and mountains all over Europe. Bowthorpe's
St. Michael's is built on a hill that overlooks
the dusk and dangers of the river.
Rector Nicholas Riley was buried in the
middle of the church in 1470 before a statue
of St. Michael, and a lamp was kept burning
in front of the statue for six years. A sculpture
of Bowthorpe houses enfolded in St.
Michael's Wing, behind his sheathed sword,
was designed by Cecily Green for St.
Michael's Voluntary Aided Middle School at
Chapel Break.
At its opening St. Michael's church was
valued at 52. The parish paid 4d in
"Peter
Pence". This was the contribution each
parish in Christendom paid
towards the
upkeep of the papal headquarters in Rome. It
was a sign that even so small a place as
Bowthorpe was part of something much
bigger, and bound by spiritual loyalties to a
wider world. This link was broken when
King Henry VIII told the pope to get
off
England's back. It is being restored this
century and Bowthorpe's modern
ecumenical church seeks to open a door onto
the wider Christian world.
AWa
The words oi th
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Decline
Over the next century both economic and
spiritual recession set in. Wealthy sheep
farmers started to enclose their lands with
fences and de-populate the lands of those
who did not work on it. Over-production
brought an end to the fleece boom, and this
reduced the numbers of shepherds required.
Considerable de-population took place
before 1488. The Enclosure Commission
deliberately again de-populated Bowthorpe
in 1520. Wolsey's Enclosure Commission of
157 7 reported that 66 acres had been enclos-
ed at Bowthorpe, 44 acres of which had been
converted to grain, and that two further
houses had become derelict.
Spiritual recession had set in to the Church
of England. The priests of St. Mary in the
Fields showed little involvement with
waning Bowthorpe. They deprived Rector
Nicholas Wolmer of his living in 1427. After
him, Rector Nicholas Heylet gave long
service, but his two successors, John Smith
and John Wilton, both died after only two
years, presumably
because they were old
men
"put
out to grass". The only other
resident known from this period is Geoffrey
Davy, who left a will in 1471.
Some of the clergy received stipends for
several
"livings".
The Rev. William Richers
was paid for the livings of Bowthorpe and
Bawburgh, where he was buried in 1520.
Others failed even to maintain weekly
services. Such a man was the absentee
Rector of Bowthorpe from 1520, Sir Anthony
Hogeson.
Soon the only landworkers left in
Bowthorpe were the servants sent from St.
Maly in the Fields. The clergy there also now
found it hard to make ends meet, and the
profits from Bowthorpe were too meagre to
cover one stipend. So the Dean and Canons
signed an agreement with Richard Nix,
Bishop of Norwich, to turn St. Michael's into a
chapel, and to invest the Rector's living in
their college. The Bishop agreed, but
retained
jurisdiction
over the chapel. He also
required that they pay a chaplain to conduct
services at St. Michael's and keep it in repair.
The agreement was never put into action.
Henry VIII closed St. Mary's in the F'ields and
all the monasteries in England in the early
1540's. They had become centres of greed,
and of power. He could not tolerate
independent centres who were ruled by a
foreign pope. In 1544 St. Mary's great chapel
was destroyed, and Miles Spencer, the Dean,
surrendered the college to the King.
Robert Kett Rebels
Bowthorpe was neglected. It was typical of
the exploitation and of the vacllum that was
growing alarmingly in the country. Into this
vacuum ^stepped Robert Kett, of
Wvmondham. In 1549 he gathered sixteen
thousand peasants
on Norwich's Mousehold
Heath, where a famous battle took place.
Under a large oak tree, still preserved beside
the A11 near Wymondh&ffi, he tried
landowners for robbing the poor. His men
slaughtered 20,000 sheep as a protest against
the landlords who had taken over common
land for their own sheep. Property acquired
in this way was given back to the public, and
the rebels lived upon the flocks and herds.
Local sheep bells.
Activities
As more resic:
"
had avoided i:.',
communities. I :
Some succeede:
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there were ove:' :
the Village Hai
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r
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all.
For three veali
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Residents Ass,- t :
perienced per I :
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Gerard, landed secretly in Norfolk. Through
his and others' influence the Waldegraves
and .lerninghams came into a deep new
spiritual experience. The Waldegraves' two
younger
sons both became priests
on the
continent.
For a time the Waldegraves moved into
Bowthorpe Hall, and the Yaxleys returned to
Suffolk. The Waldegraves followed the
device of the Catholic gentry for avoiding the
penalty
of not attending Church of England
Services. If their parish church was in ruins,
they could not be imprisoned for not
attending it. By the end of Elizabeth's reign
Earlham, Costessey and Easton churches
had been deliberately reduced to ruins.
Bowthorpe most of all. A Certificate for the
Ruins of Churches in the Norfolk
Archdeaconry for July 1602 states that for
forty years Bowthorpe church had been used
as a barn, and the turret as a dovehouse. The
churchyard was used for storing grain. In
contrast, Bowthorpe Hall had been greatly
improved.
Church Centre, Waldegraue.
The Priest in Disguise
Henry Yaxley married the Waldegraves'
daughter, Frances, and they moved back into
Bowthorpe Hall. They had five daughters,
three servants, and a
"tutor"
named Bullen.
Who was he?
Later, when they had moved elsewhere, a
spy reported to King Charles that they
harboured a priest under the alias of Mr.
Smith. Was Mr. Bullen the same priest,
or
another, in disguise? A Jesuit in the guise
of
Mr. Smith is believed to have stayed at the
Anglican Community of Little Gidding, the
first religious community to open since the
monasteries were closed. Was there a link
between Gidding and Bowthorpe, and
therefore between the Church of England
and the Roman Church all those years ago?
Today there is a new Little Gidding
Community, and links between them and
Bowthorpe are being forged again. Today,
too, a Jesuit priest says mass each week in
Clover Hill's Church Centre, owned by the
Church of England. It is in the main street its
name is Waldegrave. Roman Catholics,
Protestants and Anglicans in today's
Bowthorpe are pledged
to
joint
prayer
and
work to create a
just
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' 1 u e ; ! i l u a l - r ' . . - ,
r . { J r q ^ \ \
' s J r ' . - - - .
' I O I I a S U n O l
- - - - : . :
E u l l l a s u n o I
= : :
e A e q S l u a p l > J . ;
: -
o l s a r . u o J u l
. ' '
. .
A Mini Renewal
A new spirit did come to Bowthorpe, and
for about a century there were signs of
revived life. The church was re-opened in
1639, and monthly services were held. It was
served by a curate or chaplain without a
break. The parish was now included in the
deanery of Humbleyard, and in 1664 the
diocese arranged a formal visitation. Arable
farming had replaced sheep farming, so
there were probably more landworkers for a
time. And some interesting, community-
minded people moved into Bowthorpe Hall,
Sir Robert and Dame Dorothy Yallop.
"The King of Bowthorpe"
A Norfolk man, Sir Robert Yallop, became
"the
squire" in 1660, and there is a theory
this was a reward for his help in defeating
intrigue against Henry Yaxley. One device
the Roman Catholics used to get round the
law was to transfer their estates to relatives
who were loyal to the English crown, with an
unwritten agreement that they would revert
to themselves in due course. The Yaxleys
made over Bowthorpe, and at least one other
estate in' Yorkshire, to local relatives, the
Browns of Colney, and removed to Yaxley
Hall. It seems Mr. Brown tried to violate that
trust. Sir Robert, who was married to the
daughter of a top financial expert, used his
influence to get back these estates for his
friends, and Mr. Yaxley rewarded him by
giving
him Bowthorpe.
The Yallops re-built Bowthorpe Hall into a
manor house much as it is today. The east
facade was re-constructed with bricks made
where the Norfolk Show Ground at Costessey
now is. Sash windows in the
Queen
Ann style
were fitted. Above the east main door is a
carved mason ry frieze from the same source
as the Bawburgh Slipper Chapel which the
Jerninghams re-erected in 1634. In 1635 they
had a fine silver chalice and patten cast for
use at Holv Communion.
The engraver of Sir Robert's tombstone in
1 705 failed to get
the last two letters of the
word
"knight"
on to the stone. The
remaining letters, slightly re-arranged, form
the word
"King",
and ever since the locals
have nicknamed him
"the
king of
Bowthorpe".
Dame Dorothy, his wife, had qualities
that
were truly queenly. The memorial stone to
his eighty four year old widow tells of
"a
lady
no less adorned with the endowments of
nature than of virtue she in whom
compassion, and charity to the distressed,
shined so bright .
"King"
of Bowthorpe.
The kindness of Robert and Dorothy to
others shone through their own suffering.
Three of their children, Robert, Henry and
Dorothy, died before they were ten years
old.
The notable history of Norfolk written in
1739 by Francis Blomefield describes the
black marble slab they put in the chancel to
cover the children's graves. Charles was their
only child to survive.
Blomefield also describes the arms of three
families which they put in the east window of
the church. These were of the Yallops, the
Giles (the family of Robert's mother) and the
Spelmans (the family of Dorothy's father).
They Bui
They built a si. . .
For all the \r''-: : :
i
And even'olle',.,.
-
..
--
way:
What sort of a s.. .
-
They placed us *. :
Whom arrgels ir-', . .
You'll find his c :. .,:
With a lookou: :'" n:-
When the figh: )
wrong,
St. Michael 1e::.
To help us gei r.
-
The world thai C
-
You must learr. :
Who is St. \licla= .
And this is the s..
St. Michael she:.
-
::
They built a sc: .
For more thar^
'.
-
.
So its up to us :. :
What sort of a s::
-
This carol ir'as
',^,
:
"
Michael's V.A )'1 *
-
.,
on 24 Septernb'e: . ,
Pratt Green. n'h,- .. ,
:
a hymn for the
Q -.:
-
in St. Paul's Ca::.: ,: i
12
t r
' t a a r t s
l D a u s
: - + - c i J
:
-
' i 4 t
, i '
- : -
- s - *
a q t J o J U L L I . \ , -
- "
s , u a a n f a q l
j
- ;
l l e r d
p e i l
' . l a .
. ;
" '
, { E o l o q l l u l o u L : : . :
- J a l J e p u e a L -
, . -
* . _
?
' r { e p o 1
l e a t l s ] e a t u s
J o
s l u a p r s a l a q l o l a q
l s n u 1 l
s e
' { 1 r u e y s l q
J o J a r l a r
a q } o t s s a l l q n o p s e ^ s l q J
' r a l t a l
l s e l
a q 1 p a 8 u e q l . { l l d s , J s l p l o J a r a q l l o
{ 1 r u e n u m o s t t { J a L I l l a
l n q
' , , J e a L u S , , { l l e n l J e
s e l a u e u l n s s , u e t u s l t { J
' a l e J n f ,
s e
l e a u s
a u u ' { 1
' ^ a U
p a l u r o d d e l a l e l l e a { e p u e ' 8 t /
I
u r q s e N
' r N
e o l
] l
p a s e a l u e u l l a d s p r e m p 3
p u e a r e r s a a q r
r o
, H } ' f f ^ " t i 1 1 t i : T i
' J a n a M o r { ' i l a M a s
' l y \
: a I . U r } s l q l
} e
q J J n q J
p u e , { ; o l r a ; a L I i o } s J r s r n
l e J a A a s
p a 8 u e r " r e
' u o u u e J
u a q o u ' r o ' { l o J J o N
J o
u o J e a p
- t { J r V
a q J
' u o r } r s o d s l p
u e a L u
l e q ^ A a r . u o s
J o
u e u e
' l l a / v \ a s a J a l S
' l t \
o l a l e l s a a q t
p a s e a l a q
z l L I
u l p u e ' a d ; o q ] / v \ o 8
} e
p a ^ l l
{ 1 p r e q a q ' , { 1 u r e y a 3
' a J e q m a s l a
e J e M s l o o r
s l q
] l a l
a q u 8 r s e s e m s l q ] s d e q r a 6
' u e u l e d s
' a l u e u s , J a r { l o t u p u e J 8 s l q o ] p a u a n a l ' a } e l s a
a q l p a l u a q u l o r { M ' p r e m p g u o s p u e r 8 t l a L I J
The Bacon Franks
A Mr. Foxhall leased the manor for a year
in 1750, and Robert Jones the year after that.
In 1751 the Frank family of Campsall Hall,
Yorkshire, purchased Bowthorpe and
Earlham Halls, and estates, and much of
Little Melton. They asked Rev. Robert
Stylman to be curate of Bowthorpe in 1763.
Stephen Buckle, who followed him, was
never licensed. The Frank.s'son Francis
married the sister of Norwich's M.P., Edward
Bacon, and their son, who used the name
Bacon Frank, became High Sheriff of
Norwich in 177 7, and inherited Bowthorpe.
The Bacons were friends and associates of
the famous Gurney family, who were pro-
minent in social and political reform, and
who established Gurneys
(later
Barclays)
Bank. They leased Earlham Hall to the
Gurneys, who no doubt came over to
Bowthorpe when the Bacons were in
residence. Lushington Close, in Clover Hill,
is named after one of Joseph Gurney's
associates in their struggle to end slavery.
John Gurney of Earlham was the father of
Elizabeth Fry, the prison reformer. The
Quaker
movement in Norwich, and their
Meeting House in Goat Lane, owe much to
this family.
The influence of
Quakers,
through friends
in Bowthorpe, continues today. They heip
sponsor the Bowthorpe Ecumenical Project.
One of the Norwich Friends, Peter Codling,
designed the
"Open
Door" Church Centre,
and a
Quaker
Meeting has been held there.
Sch
Clover Hill F :'
September 19;;
-
were
just
three
-
,"
beginning of 1 9Sl
=
staff of 22 teache:..
assistants, not t,- t-
cleaning staff
Mrs. Phil Sr-
established the
<:
a letter to the
I
,
r'
February 1981
i-:
:
school and the
,-
tember 1977. r, i :
children who \r r:
very first babr'
'.'.
--
child will
joir
September \\': :r:
some of our ci..
-
,
or grandpare. .:
i
ingredient oi :.-.
country villaq=
'\\'ide
1:-_
able for our' .: . -
have expanc:
-
groups, Cu bs :
-
-
junior
brancl :
meets reglrlar.'. ,'
'-
-
opportunities:
club,ilaiore::e: r
-
andholida) p ,.-
--
All of these a.:,
willing to gii'e :
^:
'
.
commun itr'.
"Th
e sc:
enthusiastic s,,.: :
residents. T:
=
--
,
Sheltered Ho'..
i.
:
=
our functions a* r
-..
versing with th. : ,
from school.
"We
find our I .-.i:
to give a helpir;
the school rvh.:-:.
'
example, neigh: -'-
than willing to l:-.:
parentshappen:-
-=
flourishing schc
-
Inside
"The
Open Door".
14
g I
' 9 0 8
r
u r
I I I A \
e
U e t
U I I I I ^ A
' , , , f t 1 a d e q J
a d r o q l ^ \ o 8
e q l
J o
; a r d n r r o a l o s a q l p u e u a p t e 6
1 a d e q 3
} - ' ' - * t l ' ' , # t
* * ' " r c
. Z 6 L I
u r p a s d e l l o t s l q l r o J
' l l u o
J o o r
e q l l m t { J r n q l
e a l e q o l u e u { E r a l r
l e J o l
} s e l
a q l o s l e s e m
a H
' 8 / 6 1
1 l t u n
a d r o q l m o g u t u e u l . , { E ; a 1 t a u l }
- l l n J
l s P I
a q ] s P M a q o s ' t u P q l r e 3
J o
] e q t
q ] l / \ \
p a u r q u o l s e ^ A E u r n r l a d t o q u v \ o 8 a q ]
6 8 / I
u l
' , , u e u e u a 8 e x a s
a L I J , , S p s a I J J I J . d r e . r a 1 r 1
u l { l l / v \ q d a s o l , , : p e u 8 r s s e M ' 1 0 8
I
' r i l n f
9 z
; o ' a d r o Q U v r o g
p e p n l J u l l w o u q t l q , , r , r ' r f u a u e a q
u e q 8 u r g a q ] u t s e q J J n q ) o l u o t l r a d s u t
s , u o J e a p q r r v a q l J o J
l u a u a l e l s
v
' a s o D
u o t E u l U S n - I
u r u M o u { s e ^ a H
' u e q l J e 3
l e
a } e r n f , u a q i
p u e
I o o r i J S
J e r . u r u e J D q l r M J o N
l e
J a L { J e o l
] u e l s r s s e
u e u a a q , , { l s n o r n a " r d p e q a o l a g
' t B /
I
u l e o l e g t u e l l l l 1 \
J o
] e H l
' ] u a u l u r o d d e
I e J r J a l J
] x a u
r r a q ] i o J r o l J e u
J o
s n l e l s a L { ]
E u r q s r l q e l s a - a l u r p a p a a J f , n s s u o J e f i a q J
r F *
* r &
*
- : - I - i t t
a s = i i _
* i s ' 5
* . '
! * . * "
5 #
. * * :
: l r - - * ,
L c f u "
The Nineteenth Century
Although the Franks were not
permanently in residence, they developed
the estate, and through the 1gth century it
progressed into a farming and sporting area.
A few workers cottages and an extensive
range of farm buildings were built near the
Hall in the prosperous period after the
Napoleonic wars" A blacksmith's and a
wheelwright's were established immediately
south of St. Michael's, with a stocks between
them. By the mid-century there were five
cottages and over thirty residents. These
went to school and church at Earlham.
John Howlett became the tenant farmer of
100 acres in 1836, and his family enjoyed a
friendly relationship with Bowthorpe for
twenty eight years. It is said the Bowthorpe
chalice was taken to hirn for safe keeping and
that many of his family were buried in the
churchyard.
Mrs. C. Frank out-lived her husband,
Frederick, and it was she who appointed
George Cotterill in 1839, and John Payne
,
&
decade later, &s clergy with the care of both
Earlham and Bowthorpe.
Letters written by F. Bacon Frank from
Campsall Hall in 1872 offe,r to pay for repairs
to the toll house at Earlham, give a subscrip-
tion to the Bawburgh National School, and
confirm that the Earlham National School
was designed to accommodate Bowthorpe
children. Another letter offered to erect a
fence around the consecrated ground
once
Joseph Rinder, who wa.s the new tenant
farmer, had settled in.
"l
am glad
to know
you think you shall like Mr. Rinder" he
wrote.
Towards the end of the century a large
barn was built south of the Hall, with clamp
irons in the shape of latin crosses. This
suggests it may have been on the site of an
earlier tithe barn. Norwich City Council
intends to conserve this fine building and put
it to multi-purpose use. A cottage adjoining
the walled kitchen garden
of Bowthorpe Hall
was also br-rilt. About that time, too, a row of
six cottages was erected at the Earlham
Green Lane boundary for workers on the
farm. Close to them, until well into the 2Oth
century, stood a large shed which housed
two massive steam powered ploughing
engines, operated and maintained by the
cottagers.
The estate was divided into a series of fields.
(See page 34).
The barns.
The six cottages were on Cottage Field.
Suffolk mares and foals were bred, and over
one hundred cattle grazedon Norwich Break,
Clover Hill and Muckleys. Today's Clover
Hill village centre is on what was Norwich
Break. The hill where Sainsburv's now
stands was Muckleys.
tsowthorpe had its first Canon of Norwich
Cathedral in 1889, when William Ripley was
appointed to the
joint
living. Four years later
these two livings were combined with a third,
Colney, and Rev. Thomas Temple Brown
gave spiritual care to all three villages.
A tvpical .
- -.
:",
''
-
lanes lead ir. .
includes ia:'
people. ai. I .
bLrngalo\r.. I
=
alreadr,'erisls ,.
-
\,liss \larqa:':
-
I\'lercurv in l
--
-
for a fiat rr i::. -
sh e \\'as o if e :'=
-
r,r'ith onlr a i
='
from the ei.'
.
-
'
happilv
se::
=
ninetr--f ii e
rl
-
Pioneers
The firsl r:-
minus rnr-)s:
--
.
-
band. Trr.r'
"
Graham Bi.: :
opened the
formed&tr:-
'
first parent .t-.
-. --
the first ch. r r-
Association
-
found the Cr-. I -
for its BLrtclr.t :-
-
free to eve:".
The frrst ::
bl' \\'ilcoii
,-:',
-
Chris \ ich,
\
on site. fi':': :
-
,
Hall uhict.
-
-
Later he p,r:-r :-*
-
Clover F{ii. r
-
A).outhc
-:
-:-
Peter Bales l,1.
-
,
They helpe J
i=
.:
ment fund c:i :.
=
:'
ed the iirst ::
ingben'rno\-.-
in order tc
i=
communitr l=
-:
and later th= : :.
Managerner.:
-
- -
the schoo. -:
-
-
16
L I
r n o j a q J ,
' s r { e p
p J e q a J a ^ A , { a q J
' e l e
a u o o u
l n q t d a {
a u o r { r a n e q J I r - l A A
, , s l u e r g
q s r u a l C , ,
p a l l e J s l r q q e r e q t p u e ' E u r u a n a , { e p u n g
e u o E u r l l s r q m s J a l l o a q ] ' . , { a u 1 o 3 o l J a A r J
e q t r a l o a 8 p u q a q t s l l e r a r s u o 1 A r a t l e 6
' s q E n o l d
a q t
^
a r p q r l q m s a u r E u a u o r ]
- r e r l a q ] a ^ o r p ' p " r o ; E u l l l n J
' r y \
' r n o q L I E r a u
s l H
' u e q t
J o
a u o u r p a ^ l l
' s a r J v p a r p u n H
a q J u o s 8 r d
l d a > l
o q ^ \ ' r a l m o 3
a r l r o d
' s a 8 e l l o r
p l o
I e J a A a s
a r a l A ' a u e l q 8 t n q , r , r e g
l e
J a A u a q l J e a u ' q s J e L u a q l
l e
u A o c
'
s l o J J e ) p a u e a l f , - a u r q J e r . u
t s r l J
r r a q t q t l ^ \ s r e > l e t u t u e l a q l p a t l d d n s
p u e ' { a s s a l s o J p l o
l e
a u r q J e u E u r q s e m
- J o J r e J
e p a s r ^ a p a H
' l l l H
r a ^ o l J
J o
s a r J e u o
s l o r r e J
1 n q
E u r H l o u m a r 8 a s a q l
J o
a u o
' p u e l
J r e q l d o ; r o l p a n u l l u o J s J a r . r - r J p J
l u e u e t
a l e J s
- l l e u s / \ \ a J
v
' d a a q s
" r r a q l
q l l M u M o p a r u e J
' s l J r ^ A u a g
a Q l p u e s u a s l o a q l
' s a r l r u e J
s l o J s
o M J
' s a s J o q
E u r p a a r q p u e d a a q s , i q p a z e t ?
' s s e r 8
J o
e a s e a r u e J e q a l e l s a a q l
J o
q J n N
s a I l . r F I I A . r E u n H e q l
' s a r u r r { 1 ,
. d ; E u n q
a Q t E u l r n p
] e o l J e
p e u r e r u a r a d r o q ] ^ \ o g
t e q ]
s e A A
l l
o S
' , , 0 0 0 . 0 S S
; n o . , { s , a J o H
' s t u J e J
l n o q e
E u r q u i u e M o u 1
l , u o p
I
] n 8 , ,
: I J e q u l L I p a l l e J
" r a 8 e u e 6 1 l u e g
a q J
' p u e l r a ^ O
I I I g
p a u o t a l
' , , a f q - p o o D ' t u a q l u n J p u e s u t e J r i r u
I I e
o l s p a e p a q t a ^ e q u e J n o 1
' l t { E l r
I l V , ,
' p a s n J a r
, { 1 t e g s e / v \ p u e ' e u ! l
} e q l l e
e l q e l u t t { l u n
s e / v \ s l q J
' ] u n o u e
s r q l J o J u e o l e l o J r a 8 e u e n l
{ u e 8
} J o l s a M o ' l
s l l - l p a { s e p u e
' l e o l J e
s a s r ; d r e t u e s l q
I I e
d a a > 1 o ]
0 0 0 ' 0 g S
p a p a a u
e q
' u o r s s a J a r s , 0 t 6
I
a q l
J o
a t p p l r u e q l u l
' p u e l r e l o
' J I A
u e q ] E u t s u d r a l u a
s s a l e q o l p a n o r d u o s ; e d e q J , , ' p a J o o J
s e m a J u o
] e q l
a r e d s a q ]
l u a J a p
a l e t u p u e
' ' '
p J e r i q u n q J a q l d n u e a l J o s p u e ' s J a p p e l
p u a l o ] J a p l r n q e p u e ' s u o t l e r a d o
l J a J I p
o l s l q
J o
p u a u J
l r a l l q f , t e
a t u o s q l l / ! \ a l a q l L U l q
J a a l u
o l s p u a l r J p a l p o q a l q e s r q E u r { s e
' s , , { e p ; n 1 e g
a n r s s a J J n s u o s a t u e d r t u r t d a l n l t l s u l
p l n o q s u o s l e d a q J , , : o a l l n u r u o J , { . r o s r n p y
u e s a J o r q a g l o l u o t l s a 8 8 n s s l q t
] u a s
p u e
' a s a J o r c a q l ; o
] e Q l l n q
' r { } r a d o r d s t q
} o u
s e M
] l ] p t { }
' l e n a m o q ' p a 1 1 o d s , i a q J
' p l e , , i q u n q l
p u p r { r r n q r p l o a q l a n o ; d r u t d l a q o l s 8 u r
- p l l n 8
] u a l J U V
J o
u o l l J a l o r d a q l r o J z i l a t r o S
a q l p a l s e a q r a l e l ; e a {
V
' l l e H
a q t u t s r a u e n b
E u r n r l u a q l a n e 8 p u e '
I t G I
u l u a l o l r e J
l e " r a u a 8
p u e r a l t n q s e s u o 1 A r a l l e 6
' s r l 4
p u e
' J N
p a r i o i d u a a H
' t a a l
s l q r a p u n , r , r a ; E
s s e r 8 o u p u e s , 0 t 6
t
a q ] u r
I I e H
a d t o q t m o g
; o
a 8 , r e q J
l o o ]
a H
' u e u
s s a u t s n q a ^ t s s a t E E e
' a l q e u e p a n o r d ' u o s l a N u o s s , l l l g
' a A I I
o l a u e J
J a l e l r o r J d s a r . u e f r a l s r u r N
J u a l . u u J a ^ o D
a ^ ! ]
- e n J e s u o J a r a q l
' l i e H u o l d t u e l g s e A A q J I q / \ \
_ ] s 8 u o u e
' a u ! l s l q l
l e
s u r e J l a t - { } o
I e J a A a s
p a s e q r , r n d r i a q J ' ] q 8 u t n o
t l
p a s e q r ; n d
{ a q t
0 t 6 I
a u n f g a q t u o p u e ' I U e t C
, f t e 6 u r o r J a d , r o q l / ! \ o g p a s p a l { . , { t J e ^
a q t E u l r n C I
' a r l e e q J
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cottagers near the Hall had toilets at the end
of their gardens. The stick mothers poked
their washing with on Mondays were also
used to punish
their children. Mr. Pain was
the gardener.
The blacksmith and the
wheelwright, says Mr. Worts, were
"two
of
the most miserable men Iever met.
Everybody knew each other. It could be a bit
inconvenient at times. They knew a bit too
much." However, their difficulties
"brought
out the community spirit we needed to
su rvive.
"
The rather drab routine was punctured
from time to time by local dramas. One day a
member of the Barclay family, who lived at
Colney Hall, was mauled to death by one of
the lions which were kept in nearby cages.
Nelson Overland's cousin, Jim Harvey,
whose son now owns Harvey's Nurseries of
Norwich, came to live at the Hall shortly after
he did. His son recalls rising at 5.00a.rn. to
saddle the Suffolk punches for the harvests
before the recession bit deep. He worked
from dawn to dusk, and received a mere 55
for the season's work. Later, Jim Harvey
started a chicken farm on the e.state, and
pioneered
a system to give
them artificial
light.
The Hall was leased to Captain de
Haviland from 1936 until the Munich scare
two years later. Then it was renovated and
central heating was installed. Nelson
Overland moved in, and in the early war
years he was a familiar figure, often
accompanied by his wife's secretary and two
labradors.
When war broke out the Government
issued Ploughing-up regulations to ensure
there was enough food, and during the war
thirty people,
one of whom was one-eyed
Ronny Brooks, worked to turn the
Bowthorpe fields into arable plenty. The war
effort required iron as well as food. Here,
Bowthorpe was less helpful. The wrought
iron gates, which had originally come from
Kensington Palace, were hidden so they
could not be taken for ammunition.
Nelson Overland died
just
before Christ-
mas, 1943. His son, Roy, had a flair for
marketing. He
joined
the staff of Sainsbury's
before the Second World War and before
long became a director. He often visited ltaly.
There, amidst lush tomato fields, he had an
idea. The idea was to put the tomatoes into
tins and market them through Sainsbury's.
That was how Roy's first million pounds was
made. Do those same visits to ltaly and that
same flair explain why one of the main crops
grown in Bowthorpe during the war was
garlic, harvested
just
when thousands of
garlic-loving Italians were brought to
England as prisoners?
The Overland Trust acquired major assets
in Jersey, and after the war Roy Overland's
visits to Bowthorpe grew less frequent. The
Hall was leased to the RAF for seven years.
Douglas
"Tin
Legs" Bader was one of those
who stayed there. In 1964 the farm was
leased to Captain Thorndick-Dawson of
Costessey Hall, whose son retained part of
the tenancy for the first four years of the new
development. Sporting rights were granted
to Mr. W. J. Leist at S80 per year.
The Bell School
A bright development began in 1966. The
Bell School of Languages leased Bowthorpe
Hall, as an experiment, for a summer school.
Foreign students, paid for by their families,
governments,
banks or airlines, came to
improve their English. The first two summer
schools were so successful that the Bell
Educational Trust purchased
the Hall, its
gardens, cottage and five acres of land to
provide a permanent school. The trust
reflected the caring, inventive spirit of its
founder, Frank E. Bell of Cambridge. This
success in Bowthorpe led it to purchase
other
premises in Bath, and later in Norwich.
Students from Communist, Muslim, Third
World and Western countries poured in.
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E u r p u a l u r u a ^ 3
Norwich's Sale of the
Century
One day in the depths of war-time, an
open-mouthed Mr. Worts listened in
astonishment to his employer:
'The
day will
come when these fields will be covered with
people and with houses, shops and even
industry." Thirty years later that prophecy
began to come true. To some it seemed like
death and resurrection; to those in the know
it was less surprising. Even in the 1930's
Nelson Overland had sold two small sites to
breweries, in order to give
them a foothold
when housing eventually came. In 1968 the
Boundaries Commission, accepting
Norwich's future housing needs, extended
the city's boundaries to include Bowthorpe.
By 1970 Overland knew it was financially a
good time to sell his land, but he feared the
City Councii might delay purchase until
prices had passed
their peak. He formed a
consortium of property developers who were
willing to purchase and develop Bowthorpe.
The City Council acted promptly. Early in
1973 they purchased virtually all of
Bowthorpe for SgVz million. If they had
waited longer, the price would have been
lower. As it is, Clover Hill residents pay the
price in the high density of the housing.
Norwich ratepayers were expecting
Bowthorpe to add 4.5p to their 1983 rates as
the price
of Overland's sale of the century.
The Modern Development
Norwich City Council set up a Bowthorpe
Development Committee, (which
soon
became one of the main committees of the
council) and a Bowthorpe Project Team. By
February I 97 4 a Master Plan was approved.
There were to be three villages, Clover
Hill, Chapel Break, and Three Score, each
with a population of 4,500. Each was to have
its own identity and village centre, with
facilities such as village hall, green,pub,
shops and first school. Building work was to
be phased, and in Clover Hill, the first village,
building proceeded outwards from the
centre, with doctors and a community
worker installed before problems
over-
whelmed people. A main shopping centre,
revolving around the tastefully designed
Sainsbury's store, the biggest in Norfolk, an
ernployment area to provide 4,000
jobs,
a
sports park and pavilion, and the re-utilised
old farm buildings, were to be integrated into
an overall design.
A unique feature was that private, council
and Housing Association homes would inter-
mingle. Bowthorpe was
"not
for any one sec-
tion of society but for everyone". The Design
Guide intended each house to have in-
dividuality, yet retained an overall Dutch
style of architecture typical of Norfolk.
"Most-
ly the houses are set in a neighbourly hotch-
potch of angles and levels . The view is
never boring; the lay-out is a masterpiece of
viltage planning" stated Ideal Home
Magazine.
The planners
were conscious of the
environment, although economic pressures
limited what they could achieve. The bicycle
and bus were intended to dominate the car.
Cycle ways, walkways and tree belts criss-
cross the high denisty housing area, which is
also dotted with children's play areas, and is
free from through traffic. Initially there is
only one access road to the city (onto
the
already congested A47 Dereham Road), and
a circular road round the perimeter
of the
village reduces car interference.
The Bowthorpe Committee, chaired from
1980 by Councillor Ralph Roe, and the Pro-
ject
Team, led first by Mr. A. J. ("Barney")
Barnard, and then by Mr. Jack Haggar, have
been painstaking
in their efforts. Team
members such as Chief Planner Stuart Orrin
took note of residents' feeling in their subse-
quent planning. A case study of aspects of the
planning of Bowthorpe has been published
by the Centre of East Anglian Studies.
*
*See
acknowledgements on last page.
The Entr
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p t e . , { 1 , r n o r s l q l u r a l l l a s , { l r d d e q
p l n o J
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a L I ] t u o J J
l J e J l a p l o u
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a d ; o q l / \ \ o g ' u r
J e l J
I I ) u n o t
e p a J a J J o s e m a q s
u a q A ' M e l n e p u e q e p u e J e A e q l l / \ \
l e i J
e J o J
E u l l o o l s e ^ A a q s q 8 n o q 1 , ,
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u l , { ; n u a t r 4 1
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1 a , r e 8 r e l ^ I
s s l N
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] n o
u J o q s l s l s l x a d p e a " r l e
l e q ]
E u r l a a ; , { l r u n u r u o f , a q L ,
' M o l e 8 u n q
s , u o s ; a d p a d d e r l p u e q e p u e ' a l d o a d
a l 8 u r s J o J s l e l J ' s a u o q , , i 1 t u e ; s a p n l J U I
] l
' U n o J
l l e l a l l o J
s l ' l l o ] E u r p e a l s a u e l
E u r p u r r r , r
' A o J J e u q l l m p t e r { p n o f ,
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y
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r a l e l s t P a . i . ; r t . l
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Working in Bowthorpe
A variety of small-scale industries have
moved into the Employment Area on the
edge of Chapel Break. The high standards
required in terms of pollution, noise and
scale ensure that industries
"are
such as can
be installed and carried on without detriment
to the area". The Bowthorpe Committee
sponsored a competition for small firms. The
winner, a college lecturer making teaching
modules, was offered a large rent-free unit for
a year.
In addition to warehousing, light
engineering, glazing and printing firms,
there are surprise
"hits"
such as Mr. Darbaz's
Turkish Delights, free samples of which
occasionally delight local organisations, and
Premier T-Shirts. This firm was started in a
shed by two personalities
known as Aggie
and Maggie. After moving to Bowthorpe they
gained national attention and have had to
take.on thirty extra staff. By 1982 34 firms
employed 500 people.
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e a s J n o J
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p u e
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p l n o q s S I o o t l J S
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a q o r l e r s l q l
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q J r M J o N p u e ' p a J o s u o d s q J J n q J a J e
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l s l l c
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o ^ t . l r a n o J a J S U p r ] o l p a d l a q ' p e a H , i l n d a g
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u a q ] q r e o r d d e a , r n p u e a l d o a d a . r e u a l p l l q J
l p q l
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J I
u a J p l r q J > I J I S
J o
a r e r e l e ] o l E u r 1 1 r , r , r u e q l
e J o r . u a J e s p u e r J J p u e s J n o q q 8 t a u ' a l d u e x a
J o C
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o l p u e r a q t o q J e a o l p u e q E u r d l a q e a n r 8 o l
; a 8 e a p u e , { p e a r a r e s J u a r e d J n o p u l J a A , ,
' l o o r _ l J s
r . u o J J
p u e o ] . , { e , r n J r e q l u o u a J p l l q J a q l q } l / v \
E u t s ; a n
- u o J u o a s , i l r e l n 8 a l a q u e J p u e s u o t l f , u n J l n o
o l u l d o d o f S u l u u r 8 a q a , r e E u t s n o H
p a r a l l a q s
a q l r u o r J a 1 d o a d , { 1 t a p 1 a a L I J ' s l u e p t s a r
p u e s l u a ; e d , , { u e u [ u o J J
] ; o d d n s
J l l s e l s n q l u a
p u e l e l n 8 a l s r { o [ u a
I o o q r t ^
e q J , ,
' A l l u n u t u o J
a q t
J o
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e q t r o J t t l t l a q t a n r 8 o t E u r l l l / \ \
s l u a p r s a r , i q u n J a r e s a r J I A I l J e e s a q l
J o I I V
' M e J
e
l n Q
e u r e u o l s e u a q r s . , { e 1 d , i e p t t o q p u e
s d n o , r f i . . { e 1 d ' s d n o ; E E u t r u e p ' s a l l a ; o l e u ' q n l J
r o r u n [
' q n l J r { t n o r i e u l o l o f s a r ] r u n u o d d o
a ^ e q u a l p l r q J
' l o o q J s
a q l u r , , i 1 l e 1 n 8 e l s l a a u l
a J u e l n q u v s , u q o f
' 1 s
a q l
J o
l - { l u e l q , t o t u n I
e
' E u l t l s l J n o l J
o r e s l n o J s p u e s q n J ' s d n o ; E
o t u l p a p l ^ l p e ^ e q p u e p a p u e d x a a ^ e q
s a r u ^ o r 8 p u e s a p r n D
' u a r p l r q J
r n o r o J a l q e
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J r s e q e l a l r s u o E u r n r l s l u a r e d p u e r 8 r o
s a l J u n p u e s l u n P a n e q u a J p l l q J J n o
J o
a u o s
t e q l
p u l J o ] p a l q 8 r l a p a r e a ^ A
' l a q u a l d a s
E u r u o r s l q ]
I o o q r s
u r s n u l o f
I I I M
p l l q r
l p q J
' l l l H
r a ^ o l J
l e
u r o q s e ^ A , i q e q
l s r l J
, , { ; a n
a q l ' l o o q J s a q l p u e ] ] e o l e J a A o q / \ \ u a J p l l l { J
a q l
J o
s l u a ; e d a L { }
l a l u
I
u a q / v \ ' L L 6 [ r a q u a ]
- d a s
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u o '
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: z { l r u n u u r o J a L I l p u e
I o o q J S
a q t
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J n o ^ e l J a q l a n e 8 e q s
' 2 8 6 1 , , { " r e n r q a C
u r s M a N E u r u a n g u r a l s e g a q l o ] t a l l a l e
u 1
' , , { l r n l l J e
J o
a ^ r q e s e
I o o q J S
a q l p a q s r l q P i s a
' r e q r e e J
p e o H a q t
' q l l u s
I I q d
' s r N
' J J e l s
E u t u e a l r
p u e s l e a t u
I o o t { J S
u o r l u a u o l
l o u
' s l u e l s l s s e
a r e J I a M o m l ' . , { t e } a , n a s
e
' s l a q J e a l
Z Z
p
J J e t s
e ' u a r p l l q r
0 6 t
a l a m a r a q l
Z 8 6 t J o
E u t u u t 8 a q
a q ]
l V
' u e r p l t t { l
g Z p u e
J J e } s
e a r q l
l s n f
a l a ^
a r a q J
' l l e H
a 8 e l l l 1 a q t u r
L L 6 [
r a q u a l d a g
g u o p a u a d o
l o o q r s
t s r l C
I I I H
r a ^ o l J
s l o o q ) s
' a l a q l
p l a q L i J : .
, :
' a J l u a J
Q J I
I l L . l , - i
' E n 1 l p o f , r a l a d
r
-
' 1 r a [ o 1 6
I e J r u J L - . .
:
d l a q
^ a q l
. i e ;
s p u a u J q E n o . r L l . - , . -
-
o l L { J n r . u o . \ \ o : _ . :
"
J I A q I p u e
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^ , ' . ;
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.
a q l ' r a L U r o J a . i .
J o
J e q l e J a l { l : r -
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p u a c r -
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: :
s , d a u ; n g q d a :
. :
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u I a J a M s u ( - ) l ' : '
-
O ] J a n O a L U P i -
-
a q l o l
I I e H
L L . ' - - . :
'
The fine new building in white brick has its
own music and drama room, and Mr. Lilley,
who is well-known for his musical interests,
makes good use of them. Science, handcraft,
art and pottery are also taught. On the sports
side the school provides football, badminton,
mini-hockey and netball. The dedicated staff
w
&
r&,**
:.ii
provide all sorts of lunchtime and after-
school activities, including an ornithology
club.
The well-known hymn writer, Fred Pratt
Green, who wrote a hymn for the
Queen's
Jubilee Service, wrote a hymn for the
school's official opening.
Theirgranc< *,
estate. reve l':: .
Spelman. Peli.*-
-
'-
roots \A'ere
-.-:
lived at Bor^,:r. . :
the estate tr
',1
'
somewhat lr: .:
'
deacon of
\
:'
arranged S\:| .
church at ti:-
lrti
**ij
:t
t**
It
1
:;1;i1;;;'i'-'1 "
**,"t
ffi
St. Michael's Middle School. (Courtesey
of lVorwich Mercury).
24
9 Z
' A q r e a u
d o q s e s e q ' r o l f , o p a q l s e E u r l r e l o p l o a q l
o l q J n u l s e
I 1 e 1
. , { e u s , , { e p e m o u o q / v r ' } s l u l a q J
v
' s J e > u o ^ A
l e r J o s
p u e q J J n q l a q ]
' l o o q J s
a q ] ' u r e e J
[ e J l p a I ' U
e q l u e a M l a q
] l l n q
u a a q
a ^ e q s u o r l e l a r , , i l p u a l J c ' a r a q d s o u l e r { 1 p u a t l l
e e l e a n d l a q s a q l o l J , i p p l > t
I I a s
r o e a l a n r a s
o q M s r e e l u n l o ^ p u e ' J l u l i J e l o l p a r l q s l
I I e H
a 8 e 1 1 r 1 a q t s r { e p s a u p a 6 u O
' s { o o q
r a q u o
s a r l i u r e J p e r p u n q r n o J r a ^ o s e q l o S i s l A t { } l e a g
i l e q l ' Z 8 6
I
u l a r t u a l u l e 6 a d t o q l ^ r o f i a q t o l
E u r n o u o l r o u d ' l l l H r a n o l J
J o
a t l u a l a q l u l
a ) r J J e r d e p a q s t l q e l s a s , ' d ' O a l q e a > l l l t n o C
' a d ; o q t / v \ o g
u t u o t l J a l t p s l q l u l u a { e l
u a a q a ^ e q s d a l s
] s J I J
/ \ \ a J
V
' a s e a s t p
l e a l l
o l
t s n l ] o u
p u e
' s s a u a l o q m
a ] e a t J o l s l d r u a ] l e
a n r l r s o d u r p a u l q u o l a ^ e q s p l a i J
l u a l a J J l p
u r s r e { J o m
l e u o t s s a ; o r d
' u t e J l ] f l
J o
s e a J e M a J
e u l
' l e J l p a u
. { 1 l r r r } s
} o u
a J P s t u a l q o ; d a s o q m
s J o l J o p o q l o f o E s l u a l l e d { u e u p u e ' a ) t A J a S
a s e a s r c
l e u o r ] e N
P a q o l s p u a ] a J l n r a S
Q t p a g
I e u o r l e N
a q l ' a t a t { M a s l a s e
' a d ; o q l m o g u l
, { l l u n r u r u o J r { q t t e e H
V
' L 6 '
o u s l o r e J
J o
> l o o g p r e r l l e D a q t t u o r ; E u r p e s e q t u l
' t Q 7 l t g
s a u l L l s u o o r y a L t J
l o r e r
a q t o t E u n s a q o J
' l e r p e q l e J
s , l n e d
' ] s
u l
e J r M a S a e l r q n f r e A I r S s , u e e n } a q t r o J u r u r i q e
a l o J / v \ p u e q J I M J O N u l s a n l l o q A \
' u e a J D
l l e J d
p e r C s r r o q t n e a q J
' 2 8 6 1
' r e q u a l d a g y 6 u o
' > l e e r g
l a d e q J
' l o o r { l s
e l p p l l 4
' V ' A
s , l e e q r r p
' ] S
J o
E u r u a d o a q l r o J u a ] l r r m s e m
l o r e J
s l q J
' e q
t p q s
t r
l o o q r s
e
J o
u o s l e q a
u e l s
a q l u o r J a p r r a p o 1
l l e
s n o l d n s l l o s
: a r u p u e n o r { u e q l e J o L u J o c
I I I H
a d r o q l m o g u o
l o o t { ) s
e
} l l n q
{ a q J
' p r o / v \ s
s l q s e q l e a q s
I e e q J I I N
' 1 S
a u o p s l
I I I M
s l q
t e q l
u 8 r s e q t s l s l q ] p u v
: p r o - l s , l e e q J I I N
' l s
s l o q a
a u o J e l e a J D a q l p p s
' a t u
J o
u J e a l
l s n u
n o ^
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s e q p o D
l e q ]
p l r o / v \ a I - l J
s p o d s r a ^ e l e q m
J o
p u
1 a E
s n d l a q o 1
' p l e
s r q s p u e l
l a e q r l N
' ] s
' E u o l . l , r
p u e
t q 8 l r
u a e m l a q u o s l
t q E I I
a q l u a q 1 \
' { e m
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' s l l l q
; o
s d o l u o s e q r r n r . { r s l q p u l J
I I , n o A
: r { a q o o } a n o l s l a 8 u e t u o q / V \
' E u r . u ,
s , l e e q J l p
' l S
J a p u n s n p e J e l d , i a q 1
4 a q
l !
I I I ^ a l o o r { r s
e
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u o s l n " q a
: A E M
s l r { t p a s s e d o q m p . a r e p u o m a u o r { r a n a p u v
: e e s o 1 p l r o ^ . q l
[ [ e
r o c
' 1 l H a d " r o q l m o g u o
l o o q f , s
e
l g n q
, { a q J
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s . . i r i . . ;
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;
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e e J q l J o s u l l P I - -
- :
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o l
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. :
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u o q A U I 0 1 ] .
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= -
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l e q l
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.
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L U r o J
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a q J
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.
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s
f I F g , { e q l
' l o o t - p s
s , p D t p r r y
' t S
t D
t o e S w u a d g
Boby at clinic.
Bowthorpe has pioneered one scheme
which, if it proves successful, could start a
trend elsewhere. A Counselline Service has
been set up. The Health Service in East
Anglia does not finance it, although it is
professional.
Reasonable fees are therefore
charged. To enable those on low incomes to
have their fees reduced, local residents have
set up a fund called
'Bowthorpe
Counselling
Concerns".
Mark Phippen, its foundation counsellor,
bought one of the six farm cottages, which
the council sold with an improvement grant,
in order to be involved in Bowthorpe, and
trained in counselling at Aston Univer.sity.
Church
-
AFamilyof
Christians
An early vision of
"one
family of Christians
for one neighbourhood" has been remark-
ably fulfilled in Bowthorpe.
As soon as plans for Bowthorpe were an-
nounced the main churches in Norfolk saw
this as an exciting opportunity to work in
partnership,
and Norwich Council of Chur-
ches formed a Bowthorpe Committee.
At a packed service in Clover Hill Village
Hall on January 1978 Ray Simpson was
licensed as Bowthorpe's first full-time
Minister for nearly two hundred years. The
Bishop of Norwich, the Roman Catholic Vicar
General and the Free Church Council Presi-
dent commissioned him
"to
establish a fami-
ly of Christians in this place".
"l
suppose
there has never been a service in this country
which has been so well represented in the
licensing of a minister as this one", said the
Bishop. Representatives of the Salvation Ar-
my, the Society of Friends, House Church,
Brethen, Pentecostal and independent
evangelical groups
extended the
"right
hand
of fellowship", as well as all the main
denominations. The Vicar and Wardens of
St. Mary's Earlham, out of whose parish
Bowthorpe had once again been taken to
form a Conventional District, re-presented
Bowthorpe's ancient Communion chalice
and plate.
ffhese
are on view in the
Cathedral Collection until Bowthorpe has its
own Church building).
The \\ a
-r:-'
influence
,-:-
Ch arles
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Jerninghar .-
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l f l r u n u r u o J e q l r o J
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p r r l t e r d
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: d r q s m o l l a l
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l s p q J
o l s s a u a s o l J
p u e ' r Q n r l d u l s ' s s a u q s e J J a q t J e A o J S I p - e J
o l p a r r l s r a q r u a r u q J J n q l
u e l s
a q l t u o r c
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r e a r { e a l J u e J q J J n q J
, , J o o q
u a d g o q J , ,
o l u l p a u J o l s u e J l s e A \ s l q t
' s J e q r . u e u r
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p J e q p u e s u o r l e u r u o u a p
l e J e n a s
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r e ^ o l J
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U
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e
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a a q
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# s*.--{
Sundav Worship in
When Rt. Rev. Alan Clark, Bishop of East
Anglia, became the first Roman Catholic
Bishop to take a Confirmation in Bowthorpe
in April 1982, he spoke of his talks with Pope
John Paul II to prepare for his visit to Britain
in May 1982, and of his hopes for Christian
unity in years to come in Bowthorpe.
"People
will say
'lt
all began in the Open Door"' he
concluded.
A united service is held in Clover Hill
Village Hall on Sunday mornings. It is led by
a team of musicians, readers, helpers and the
minister; there are a creche and children's
classes, and it is followed by refreshments.
All Bowthorpe parents are invited to dedicate
their babies during the Family Service the
first Sundav each month.
the Village Holl
Baptisms, weddings and funerals are
provided according to the traditions of par-
ticipating denominations, and a Church of
England Holy Communion Service is held
weekly. Residents who have found a faith in
Christ have been baptised by immersion in a
neighbouring church, or in Clover Hill from a
font given by Jessop Road United Reformed
Church, and others have been confirmed.
Every three months there is a Church
Meeting open to all full members of
"The
Christian Church in Bowthorpe". In 1981 it
gave authority to a group
of people, including
the Minister, to act as a leadership team.
These leaders appointed House Group
Leaders and eight Pastoral Visitors. These
have a variety of responsibilities. One con-
centrates on work with elderly in the two
Sheltered Housing Schemes, another on the
"Cradle
Roll", and another on being a
"se-
cond mum" to some of the children. A rota of
volunteers keeps
"The
Open Door" open
most mornings, as a drop-in place for infor-
mation, chat, or library books. Several peo-
ple have burst in with words such as:
"l
was
told I could alwavs come here if Iwas reallv in
trouble.
"
Some of Kei:: i
Hall durinq ::
-
. -
fences, and .t:,
land. Ron Ba::
-
-
period. no: , '=
Kett's rebei. .r^.
"
his defian.: -
fathers of \
-,1'-,',
ed the sham:
' '
the Castle e: r'--:-
*
An era he:
'
:
English cha:
'
-
the agonv c:
--
:
principle .'. :
Europe Ti.= r-
linked br t.: :
the right
,'i
:: -
with God th r
=
acrossther:
"-
Lar pt'te.'o ;"--"
po\t'ers oi :i :
"
Bible l'ef,
,l't-":r
r
Latimer Hr
-:
:
--
and lan d
-e:.
-
and leavin
q
and his ci'
,i
i.
-
everV p&r',.
bible chai:r= .
read.
What ha;t:
-
tunlikelr it r'. ,-
Henn' all-',',
=
Spencer. t,
,;
:
owned br i:-.=
-
was o\\'n e:'
Bowthorpe :' -
appointrner:
and his S-.
-:--
nothing nt,- l':
Roman Cat
It was noi .
status-quo u'h
were some \..':.
':
had finallr'nl:t:
the authoritv i:-
-
28
' J a u I u I n s
e u o t u l q , i q p a s r u e 8 r o s e m E u t u t e r l s a 1 r , , { r
J o l o r u u o o u J e u e , , i e p u n g
' s l r { }
J o
a l d u e x a
u e s P / v \ ' J e q J e B q o 8
' J ' d
a s u a s u o u - o u
l n q
' . , { 1 p u a r " r ; ' l l e } a q J
' a n o ; d t u r
, { l q r s r n . , { l r u n u
- t u o J a q l
J o
a l e J o t u e q ] p u e u o t l u a n a . t d a u I I J f ,
l l l o g
' s J o r u e s
s l q
J o
u o r l e J a d o - o r a q l s e q p u e
' s a 8 e p u e s d n o r 8 p e u e ^ L { } l / ! \ s d r q s u o r l e l a l
p o o 8 a l e u u e )
l e a q
e q l u o u e u r e J l l o d
e a J a L l M ' a d r o q l m o g o l
, , r { q q o q
a 8 e 1 1 r n , ,
e p e J n p o r l u l , , f i e 1 n q e l s u o J
{ l o J r o N
a q J
' . , { l r u n u r u o J
a L I l
J o
s l r e d s e J a q l o
; o
E u r > 1 J o A r { } o o r u s a q l e l n s u a o l p u e ' s d n o r 8
J o
J e q r l n u e e l e l n u l l s o l p a d l a q
' s " t e a . , {
t n o J
r o J r e { r o / V \ a q l
' p l e / v \ s o
l e r a c
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, i t l u
- n u r u o 3 p o o q r n o q q 8 t a p e a p r n o ; d
I I l u n o J
, i l l J q f , r m r o N
J o
u o r s r n r q s e l l l u a t u y e L l J
' u o r l r l a d u o r
I I I H
r e ^ o l J s s l n t r e p u e a r u e p e q t l M s p u a
, i e p a q J
' a u n f
u r , { e p , r n t e s
l s e l
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e l o q m a q l
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s 8 u r . r q a l a l
I e n u u e
a q J
' u o l l n l l l s u t
u e a r u e J a q ' r { l l o f u l l o J , , f u e } a ; r a s d r q s l a q
- t u a u
V U H f ,
a q t
^ q
p a s l u e 8 r o ' o 8 u t q
t q 8 l u
, { e p u g
' u e a }
p u e p o o m J a p u n , i q t e )
' s a L I l e B
, i p n p , { q p a p r n o r d s } u e u q s a J J a l
H l l , t t V U H J
e q t { q p a J o s u o d s a l a / v \ s } u a t u u t e u a } u g
' s a I . U o q
0 0 t I
J e A o o l a a J J
] u a ^
' s l u a u l a s l u a n p P
, { q r o ; p r e d ' J e l J e l s m a N a q l p u e ' u o A A e l a / v \
' ' J l a s q l e d t o o ;
' s a J e d s , , i e 1 d u t s l u a t u a n o r d
- r u r ' p a q s l l q e t s a a l a ^
i l e H
, { l t J q } l M s d r q s u o r l
' s e r l x l s
r e ^ o o l s r e l p p o J
p u e s u n 6 r u o r ; a 8 u e r s a 8 y
' s d n o r 8
u r - u r l s
o l u r - d o J p t u o J J ' s q n l J
l e r J o s
s a r p e l o l s r a u a p
- r e 8
r u o r J a 8 u e ; s a r l l n l l J e s q n p v
' a J u e l n q L U V
s , u q o f
' l S
p u e s e ] l e r o l ; e 6 ' q n l J r o r u n f e
' E u r J n o r s p u e E u r p r n g s r e r e l l l u a r p l r r { J r o C
- e l a r
l u a l l a J x 3
' s e n r m
r r a q l A q p a p r e
' A a l p e g
I n e d
p u e a u r p D u o u ' a > l J n o g
u a q o u
: a J r n
- J e s
E u r l u l l s u n a n e 8 o L { M a l d o a d p a J u a r , r a d
- x a a a r q t , i q p a l S P A A u o r l e r ) o s s v s l u a p r s a u
I I I H
r a ^ o l J a L { } ' 6 / 6
[
r u o r J ' s r e e r { e e r q } r o c
. I I E
u a q t r o J r a l e r o l a l q e u n s e m
I I e H
a 8 e 1 1 t 1 a q l
p u e ' s u o t l e s t u e 8 ; o , { l u a m } J a n o a J a A A a J a q }
u o o s ' p e i l e J s r a q l o p u e p a p a a J J n s a l . U o s
' a d r o q l M o B
u r
, , o E
e p e q , , : s a l l l u n u r u o J
p a q s l l q P l s a u l
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I o ^ u l
p a p l o ^ e p e L I
o q / \ \ a u o s ' u l p a A o u S l u a p l s a l e J o l . U S V
r u o o r r l s n t r N s a l l l ^ I l r v
' a p , l
' s p r a q
p u P s l i r -
p u e ' J I I q n d a u .
p a r r n b r e . i l . r a : ,
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U O L L I L U O J I A . \ . -
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p a l r l a q
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, { 1 r e a a q t u t p - . . :
p u e s p l e l c a l l l
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-
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w
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r a o o l ) p a J D a T t n o l a q l u t
Sport and Recreation
Fishing is perhaps the most popular pas-
time, and the river Yare is at times lined with
local fisherpeople. Volleyball, badminton
and table tennis teams, based in the Village
Hall, have competed successfully, as has the
ladies darts team at the Four Leafed Clover. A
fine pavilion opened on the sports park in
1980, enabling tennis, bowls and floodlit ball
qames
to take place. The sporting highlight is
Clover Hill Football Club, which was formed
in the 1978-9 season by David Gunning and
others, and elected to the Norwich and Dis-
trict Business House League Division 38. The
following season a reserve team was formed,
led by Colin Jolly. Clover Hill became Third
Division Champions in 1981, reached the
last thirty two of the Norfolk Primary Cup out
of an entry of nA teams and were in the
quarter finals of the Shoe Traders Cup,
The 1 981 uinning Football T'eem
CLOVERHILL F C.
Warning Signals
A Swiss
"community
health architect"
stayed in Bowthorpe. He observed its plan
and its people. The place was pre-packaged,
he felt, and its people pre-occupied. The pro-
ject
would fail unless it created a heart, a
'space
where people could get in touch with
their roots and their inner selves; where they
could express their creative instincts, and
experience spontaneity and even wildness.
In short, it must establish a spiritual home.
His unease is shared by some of those who
live or work within the community. Some of
those who come here do not choose to, but
family or social needs take them to the top of
the housing queue. They still identify with
the neighbourhoods they came from. Too
many people with acute problems have been
housed near each other for their own or the
community's good. The apparent failure of
the Housing Department to allocate houses
with thought and care is, at the least, short-
sighted. Too many single mothers, without a
car and feeling cut-off from the city, suffer
from depression. Not a few are like the new
arrival who said:
"l've
made a mess of my life
and have come here to make a new start."
Some try, and get involved in comntunity
work for the first time in their lives. Many
find they bring their problems with them,
and relationships go wrong once again
"
Organisations like homes, are fragile, and
personality
conflicts in both have brought
break-down. Others have felt unappreciated,
and withdrawn their involvement.
People who work with youth fear that
unless wise and strong leadership is given by
the wider community, there will be serious
trouble before many years. Many are unem-
ployed. The message they get is that they are
unvalued by their society, their local com-
munity, or sometimes by their parents. Apart
from Tuesday night youth club, they had no
place to go after four years of development"
Provision of youth facilities has been a victim
of the dissent between City and County
Halls.
The decision to site the pub next to the
village hall has been widely criticised by
teenagers and parents alike, and unneces-
sary fights have been the result. The
"Four
Leafed Clover" is pleasantly designed and
financially successful, but it has so far failed
to create a feeling of Clover Hill community.
A succession of managers have come and
gone.
The failure to build houses with adequate
gardens
or spacious rooms, added to the high
density of housing in Clover Hill, is deep.
Bon'th: :
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Farm Buildinqs
Plans for a Work and Worship Centre on
the site of St. Michael's church were also an-
nounced in the spring of 1982. The aim is to
have a multi-denominational building to ac-
commodate 150 for Sunday worship, which
will also be a place of meeting, activity, and
perhaps work, throughout the week. Part of
the old churchyard will become a garden
where coffee can be served to Sainsbury
shoppers. Church members are to move into
the farm cottages on the site and use them as
a hospitality centre; and once again there will
be a nearby parsonage.
View of St. Michael's
The City Council have ideas for the rest of
the area, and perhaps other groups will ask
for space. Various amenity uses and a
restaurant have been discussed. With enter-
prise and care, old Bowthorpe could become
a hub of human life and work.
Perhaps, after all, for the first time since the
original Saxon settlement, Bowthorpe will
again echo to the sound of wood, and weave
and worship; and the spirit of her people will
soar like an eagle.
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that he \^'as s::',
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f f i . ] : ' ' . . . . ' ' . ' . : ' f f i . ' . ' . ' f f i ; r u
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Clot;er Hill children
Miss Clouer Hill
The Ouer Sixties Club
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Mr. Ron Barnes
Mr. N" Batcock
Bell School of Languages
Colman and Rye Local History Library
Eastern Counties Press l-ibrarv
Mr. H. W. Earle
Miss B. Fox
Mr. F. M. Gibbs
Mr. J. C. Harvey
Norfolk Archaeology Unit
Norfolk and Norwich Record Office
Norwich Castle Museum
Mr. Malcolm Shreeve
Norwich City Council Bowthorpe Project Team
Mr. S. Slack
The Vicar of St. Mary's Earlham
. and many Bowthorpe residents
Proceeds
from the sale of this book will be donated towards the
cf Bowthorpe's old St. Michael's
Chief Published Sources
F. Blomefieid:
"The
History of Norfolk"
Bryant:
"Norfolk
Churches"
Bulletin No. 24: Council for
British Archaeology
Group 6
A. Jessop:
"Bowthorpe
Hall" Norfolk and
Norwich Archaeological
Society.
"Norfolk
Archaeology"
various volumes.
White's
"Norfolk"
1845 and 1854 editions.
Margaret M. Camina:
"Bowthorpe
implementation
of a Dream. A Case-Study
in the frustrations of Local Government".
Centre of East Anglian Studies, University
of East Anelia.
new church building on the site
chu rch .
I-.
i
i
t
I
I
I-)r
I
..\'
0 \,, I'
fitr.
anc : I
Erll,--
''
Readers who wish to send
Bowthorpe Church Building
a donation should send
Fund, 11 Brampton
Court
it to: The Treasurer,
Bowthorpe, Norwich
.7r,r--""t*,'.,*..,.'',
*Vl
llage
N0 2 underway
"Co
nr: .-.
That :
-
Tou'ei' :
"'fhere
\',
part. Th r:'-
The Btblt,
"Commttnitr
i_-
based on seli-
*
A Ploce Calleril
WORK has startBd on the second village at Bow-
thorpe, Norwich, with housing for the OisableA.
^
The.Chapel_Break
village scheme by Norwich City
council includes bungalows, two *arde.rs houses and
a common room. The f700 000 tender was won by
Bush Builders and the architect was Ken Lord of thb
Bowthorpe project team. Completion is due in 1984.
--.9tt+p"lBreak
will follow the sarne concept as clover
HilI' the first village which began in the mid tqz0s,
4nd
will comprise 50 per cent private
deveropment and 50
per
cent council, with an open plan desigfi in a village
environment.
There will be a village hail. corner sh;p
and health centre, and the council wiil bt aiming for a
lower density than Clover Hitl.
Land has also been sold for phase one of Chapel
Break's housing to private contractors and two
housing associations.
The experimental village concept at Clover Hill,
which is now 85 per cent complete and houses 4 000
people, has worked well according to the local autho-
rity and residents. But one major complaint is a lack of
parking space and poor car access to the town.
'It
also appears that for the first few months elderly
and disabled residents at Chapel Break witl have to
cross a busy road to the main centre and shops catering
for the three villages.