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Plate heat exchangers use thin corrugated plates to transfer heat between two fluids without mixing them. Heat is transferred across the plates as the fluids pass through alternating channels. The plate pack is compressed within a frame to ensure thermal contact. Heat transfer occurs as the warmer fluid loses heat to the cooler one, changing the temperatures of both fluids. The design process involves calculating the required surface area and number of plates needed based on the heat duty, fluid temperatures and properties, and desired approach temperatures. Flow arrangements and number of fluid passes through the pack can be optimized.
Plate heat exchangers use thin corrugated plates to transfer heat between two fluids without mixing them. Heat is transferred across the plates as the fluids pass through alternating channels. The plate pack is compressed within a frame to ensure thermal contact. Heat transfer occurs as the warmer fluid loses heat to the cooler one, changing the temperatures of both fluids. The design process involves calculating the required surface area and number of plates needed based on the heat duty, fluid temperatures and properties, and desired approach temperatures. Flow arrangements and number of fluid passes through the pack can be optimized.
Plate heat exchangers use thin corrugated plates to transfer heat between two fluids without mixing them. Heat is transferred across the plates as the fluids pass through alternating channels. The plate pack is compressed within a frame to ensure thermal contact. Heat transfer occurs as the warmer fluid loses heat to the cooler one, changing the temperatures of both fluids. The design process involves calculating the required surface area and number of plates needed based on the heat duty, fluid temperatures and properties, and desired approach temperatures. Flow arrangements and number of fluid passes through the pack can be optimized.
3/4/2014 3 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 4 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 5 Alok Garg Purpose of the Equipment: Plate heat exchangers (PHE), often called plate-and- frame heat exchangers, are used to change the temperature of a liquid, vapor or gas media.
A thin, corrugated plate is used to transfer the heat from the media on one side of the plate to the media on the other side. 3/4/2014 6 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 7 Alok Garg The plate heat exchanger consists of a frame with end plates which squeeze the corrugated heat transfer plates. Figure 2 shows a plate pack of corrugated plates with portholes for the media to flow.
3/4/2014 8 Alok Garg Principles of How the Equipment Works: Plate heat exchangers use the thin plates to keep two media of different temperatures apart while allowing heat energy to flow between them through the plate. The heat energy transfer across the plate acts to change the temperatures of the two media. The hotter one becomes cooler, and the colder one becomes hotter. 3/4/2014 9 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 10 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 11 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 12 Alok Garg Gasketed plate heat exchangers: Plate thickness vary from 0.5 and 3 mm. Gap between two plates 1.5 to 5 mm. Plate surface areas range from 0.03 to 1.5 m 2 , with a plate width : length ratio from 2.0 to 3.0. The size of plate heat exchangers can vary from 0.03 m 2 to 1500 m 2 . The maximum flow-rate of fluid is limited to around 2500 m 3 /h. Plates are available in a wide range of metals and alloys; including stainless steel aluminum and titanium. A variety of gasket materials is also used. 3/4/2014 13 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 14 Alok Garg Advantages Plate heat exchangers are easier to maintain. Low approach temps can be used, as low as 1 C, compared with 5 to 10 "C for shell and tube exchangers. Plate heat exchangers are more flexible, it is easy to add extra plates. Plate heat exchangers are more suitable for highly viscous materials. The temperature correction factor, F t , will normally be higher with plate heat exchangers, as the flow is closer to true counter- current flow. Fouling tends to be significantly less in plate heat exchangers. 3/4/2014 15 Alok Garg Disadvantages: A plate is not a good shape to resist pressure and plate heat exchangers are not suitable for pressures greater than about 30 bar. The selection of a suitable gasket is critical. The maximum operating temperature is limited to about 250C, due to the performance of the available gasket materials. 3/4/2014 16 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 17 Alok Garg PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN
3/4/2014 18 Alok Garg PROCEDURE The design procedure is similar to that for shell and tube exchangers. 1. Calculate duty, the rate of heat transfer required. 2. If the specification is incomplete, determine the unknown fluid temperature or fluid flow-rate from a heat balance. 3. Calculate the log mean temperature difference, T LM . 4. Determine the log mean temperature correction factor, F t . 5. Calculate the corrected mean temperature difference T M = F t x T LM . 6. Estimate the overall heat transfer coefficient. 7. Calculate the surface area required. 8. Determine the number of plates required = total surface area/area of one plate.
3/4/2014 19 Alok Garg PROCEDURE 9. Decide the flow arrangement and number of passes. 10. Calculate the film heat transfer coefficients for each stream. 11. Calculate the overall coefficient, allowing for fouling factors. 12. Compare the calculated with the assumed overall coefficient. If satisfactory, say 0% to + 10% error, proceed. If unsatisfactory return to step 8 and increase or decrease the number of plates. 13. Check the pressure drop for each stream. 3/4/2014 20 Alok Garg FLOW ARRANGEMENTS 3/4/2014 21 Alok Garg Estimation of the temperature correction factor: For PHE it is convenient to express the LMTD correction factor, F t , as a function of the NTU, and the flow arrangement (number of passes). The correction will normally be higher for a PHE than for a STE operating with the same temperatures. For rough sizing purposes, the factor can be taken as 0.95 for series flow. The number of transfer units is given by: NTU = (t 0 -t i )/ T LM
where t i = stream inlet temperature, C, t o = stream outlet temperature, C, T LM = log mean temperature difference, C.
Typically, the NTU will range from 0.5 to 4.0, and for most applications will lie between 2.0 to 3.0. 3/4/2014 22 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 23 3/4/2014 24 Alok Garg Heat Transfer Coefficient: The corrugations on the plates will increase the projected plate area, and reduce the effective gap between the plates.
The channel width equals the plate pitch minus the plate thickness.
There is no heat transfer across the end plates, so the number of effective plates will be the total number of plates less two. 3/4/2014 25 Alok Garg 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 26 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 27 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 28 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 29 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 30 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 31 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 32 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 33 3/4/2014 Alok Garg 34