THERMODYNAMIC

STEAM TABLES

FOR THE HP-48
Written By
Allen Arnold

Portland State University

Copyright (C) 1994 Allen Rey Arnold
NOTICE
The program STEAM, and the documentation file are provided "as is",
and are subject to change without notice.
The author disclaims all warranties, either expressed or implied,
including, but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability and
fitness for a particular purpose, with regard to the enclosed program and
the accompanying written material.
In no event shall the author be liable for error, or for incidental or
consequential damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages
for loss of business profits, business interuption, loss of business
information, or any other pecuniary loss) in connection with the furnishing,
performance, inability to use, or use, of the enclosed software and
documantation, even if the author has been advised of the possibility
of such damages.
Sale of this material is not allowed without the prior written permission
of Allen Rey Arnold. Noncommercial distribution is allowed, provided that
the whole package is distributed, the original documentation is preserved
unchanged, and any modified version(s) are clearly marked as such.
Description of Functions:
PS Saturation Pressure given Temperature.
TS Saturation Temperature given Pressure.
VFS Specific Volume of 0% Quality Steam at given Temperature.
VFGS Difference in Specific Volume of 100% and 0% Quality
Steam at given Temperature.
VGS Specific Volume of 100% Quality Steam at given Temperature.
HFS Enthalpy of 0% Quality Steam at given Temperature.
HFGS Difference in Enthalpy of 100% and 0% Quality
Steam at given Temperature.
HGS Enthalpy of 100% Quality Steam at given Temperature.
SFS Entropy of 0% Quality Steam at given Temperature.
SFGS Difference in Entropy of 100% and 0% Quality
Steam at given Temperature.
SGS Entropy of 100% Quality Steam at given Temperature.
VSHT Specific Volume of Steam in Super Heated Region given
Pressure and Temperature.
HSHT Enthalpy of Steam in Super Heated Region given
Pressure and Temperature.
SSHT Entropy of Steam in Super Heated Region given
Pressure and Temperature.
YS DO NOT USE (IS USED BY OTHER FUNCTIONS TO CALCULATE).
Use of Functions:
Pressure must be given in MPa (Units not required but if given,
units will be stripped and value is assumed to be in MPa).
Temperature must be given in K (Same as above).
If pressure is required to perform calculation, it must be in
level 2 of the stack and temperature must be in level 1.
If pressure is not required temperature goes into level 1 of the
stack.
Differences Since Version TBLES
The new version has been rewritten to lower the required memory.
The first version was 3574 bytes, while the new version has been reduced
to 2955 bytes BEFORE the new functions (mentioned below) were added.
With the new added functions, required memory is still less than
the original at 3448 bytes.
The speed of all of the functions has increased dramatically. For
instance, the old version of the function SSHT took 2.4 seconds while in
the new version SSHT takes only 0.65 seconds (still in USER form). In
the old verson VSHT took 0.78 seconds while the new version takes 0.41
seconds. All of the functions now take under one sec, with the exception
of VFGS.
The new functions that have been added are: VFGS, HFS and SFGS. Two of
the new functions (VFGS and SFGS) are calculated from other functions
using thermodynamic relationships. The function VFGS comes from the
relation V(fg) = V(g) - V(f), while the function SFGS comes from the
relation S(fg) = H(fg) / T(s).
The third function HFS, has been added using the same method as all of
the other functions. The function HFS, as given, is much faster than
using thermodynamic relations, as with VFGS and SFGS. Furthermore by
NOT using thermodynamic relations, less error is introduced.
HFS takes almost 400 bytes. To save memory, HFS could be replaced with:
\<< DUP HGS SWAP HFGS - \>>
which comes from using the thermodynamic relation H(fg) = H(g) - H(f)
(or one could replace HFGS with \<< DUP HGS SWAP HFS - \>>
but not as good a memory saving would not be realized).
If you are in desperate need of some memory, the new functions,
VFGS HFS and SFGS, may be PURGE'ed (since we should have the thermodynamic
relations above memorized). The new functions were included as convenience
(suggestions by users).
This will be released in RPL form in the future.
Accuracy Considerations:
Each property in the saturation region along with the maximum error is
listed below. The maximum error is defined as the absolute value of the
largest error in a given temperature range between calculated values and
the base data (calculated at 10-K intervals). Base data is taken from
Keenan.
Percent Deviations
TEMP 273.16 273.16 600.00
RANGE TO TO TO
(K) 647.30 600.00 647.30
***********************************************************
Property *
*
T(s) * 0.08 - -
P(s) * 0.1 - -
V(f) * 0.1 - -
V(g) * 0.1 - -
H(f) * 0.05 - -
H(fg) * 0.15 - -
H(g) * 0.05 - -
S(f) * - 0.05 0.02
S(fg) * 0.15 - -
S(g) * 0.02 - -
This shows that the maximum errors are less than 0.15% from the triple
point all the way to the critical point.
In the superheat region the specific volume is the most difficult to
determine. Taking this as the "worst case" a maximum error of 1.0%
can be expected, except in the region near the saturation line and the
critical point (approx. 525 to 725 K and 5 to 22 MPa in the P vs T
plane).
Since engineers want to be within 5% error, this should be plenty
sufficient.
I hope this is of use to engineering students, it helped us out
quite a bit (sure beats looking up values in the steam tables during
tests).
If you have any suggestions or comments please write to
Allen Arnold
20582 S. Southend Rd.
Oregon City OR 97045
or E-mail to
arnolda@cadlab.eas.pdx.edu
Regards,
Allen Arnold