The New Jewel Movement

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New Jewel Movement
Founded 11 March 1973
Dissolved 1983
Merger of
Joint Endeavour for Welfare, Education, and
Lieration !JEWEL" and Movement for
#$$emlie$ of the %eople !M#%"
Newspaper The New Jewel
Ideology
Mar&i$m'Lenini$m
(ommuni$m
Colors )ran*e
%olitic$ of +renada
%olitical partie$
Election$
,he New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Eduation, and !i"eration, or New JEWE!
Movement -a$ a Mar&i$t.Lenini$t van*uard party in the (ariean i$land nation of
+renada/ ,he movement took control of the country -ith a $ucce$$ful revolution in
1979 and ruled y decree until ein* depo$ed y the 01 military after it$ 1983 inva$ion/
Contents
1 )ri*in
2 3evolution
3 4i$hop5$ fall and the #merican inva$ion
6 3eference$
7 E&ternal link$
#rigin
,he 8e- JEWEL Movement !8JM" -a$ formally e$tali$hed on 11 March 1973 a$ an
alliance of the Joint Endeavour for Welfare, Education, and Lieration !JEWEL" and
the Movement for #$$emlie$ of the %eople !M#%",
91:
led y youn* la-yer Maurice
4i$hop/ From 1973 to 1979, the 8JM -a$ an oppo$ition political party active in
+renada/ ;urin* the 197<$, the political $ituation in +renada ecame increa$in*ly
polari=ed and violent/ For the 197> *eneral election$ the or*ani$ation formed an
electoral coalition kno-n a$ the %eople5$ #lliance -ith the +renada 8ational %arty and
the 0nited %eople5$ %arty/ ?o-ever, the alliance lo$t to the rulin* +renada 0nited
Laour %arty in election$ -hich -ere randed fraudulent y international o$erver$/
91:

@n the late 197<$, the 8JM formed the 8ational Lieration #rmy !8L#", al$o kno-n a$
Athe 12 #po$tle$A/
$evolution
@n 1979, the 8JM launched a revolution a*ain$t the *overnment of Eric +airy -hile he
-a$ out of the country/ ,he 8JM $ei=ed the military arrack$, radio $tation, *overnment
uildin*$ and police $tation$ acro$$ the country/ Maurice 4i$hop then $u$pended the
con$titution and announced that the 8JM -a$ no- a provi$ional revolutionary
*overnment, the %eople5$ 3evolutionary +overnment, -ith him$elf a$ %rime Mini$ter/
#fter the revolution, the 8JM de$cried it$elf a$ a Mar&i$t.Lenini$t van*uard party/ ,he
party did not con$ider it$elf to e a communi$t party ecau$e it did not elieve that
either the 8JM or +renada had reached a level of development -here it -ould e
po$$ile to achieve communi$m/ ,he 8JM pur$ued policie$ to reach a point -here a
communi$t party could e formed, ut con$idered it$elf to e unready due to the party
not ein* led y a proletarian cla$$ and due to the lo- level of education in Mar&i$t.
Lenini$t politic$/
1hortly after takin* po-er, the *overnment turned to (ua for a$$i$tance ecau$e
4i$hop had een refu$ed aid and a meetin* -ith #merican %re$ident 3onald 3ea*an/
(uan con$truction -orker$ -ere rou*ht in to a$$i$t in the con$truction of a ne-
international airport/ ,he *overnment al$o created a mode$t police force, often
mi$portrayed a$ an army, -ith (uan a$$i$tance/
;urin* it$ rule, the *overnment did not hold election$ or produce a ne- con$titution to
replace the one that had een $u$pended/ ,he 8JM -a$ the $ole political party allo-ed
to e&i$t/ %o$ition$ in the *overnment and the ne- police force -ere only open to tho$e
-ho had e$tali$hed their $upport for Mar&i$t principle$/
,he leader$ of $everal other (ariean nation$, and the 0/1/ *overnment, -ere very
concerned over many a$pect$ of the 8JM *overnment, primarily it$ tie$ to (ua and it$
alle*ed military e&pan$ion/
%ishop&s fall and the 'merian invasion
@n 1983, a di$pute developed -ithin the 8JM/ 4i$hop, -hile popular -ith the people,
had $tron* critic$ -ithin the party and the army/ ?i$ critic$, led y deputy prime
mini$ter 4ernard (oard, attempted to convince 4i$hop to enter into a po-er.$harin*
a*reement -ith (oard, -herein they -ould e co.eBual ruler$ of the country/ 4i$hop
reCected thi$ idea, and the $plit at the top level of the 8JM led to $eriou$ political
prolem$ -ithin the party and the *overnment/ Eventually, (oard ordered 4i$hop put
under hou$e arre$t/
,he removal of 4i$hop led to demon$tration$ in variou$ part$ of the country/ ,he
demon$tration$ *re- to a point -here 4i$hop -a$ eventually freed/ @n unclear
circum$tance$, 4i$hop made hi$ -ay to the army headBuarter$/ Eventually a military
force from el$e-here in +renada arrived at the headBuarter$ and fi*htin* roke out/
Many civilian$ -ere killed/ 4i$hop and $even other$, includin* *overnment mini$ter$,
and the reportedly pre*nant JacBueline (reft, -ere lined up in a courtyard a*ain$t a -all
for a con$iderale period of time/ ,hey -ere then e&ecuted y a firin* $Buad/
4i$hop5$ e&ecution -a$ follo-ed y the formation of a military *overnment under
?ud$on #u$tin/ #u$tin announced a four.day total curfe- under -hich anyone -ho left
their home -ithout authori=ation for any rea$on -ould e $uCect to $ummary
e&ecution/ 1i& day$ later, the 0nited 1tate$ invaded +renada and toppled the military
*overnment/ With the removal of the 8JM *overnment, the con$titution of +renada -a$
re$tored/
1eventeen political and military official$ of the 8JM *overnment !the +renada 17" -ere
later tried and convicted of ein* re$pon$ile for the death$ of 4i$hop and the other
$even e&ecuted per$on$/
$eferenes
1/ D Jump up toE
a

b
8ohlen, ;/ !2<<7", Elections in the Americas: A data
handbook, Volume I, p/ 3<2/ @148 978.<.19.928377.>