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Split pin

1
Split pin
A split pin (UK usage) / cotter pin (USA usage)
holding a rod in place with a washer.
A split pin, also known in U.S. usage as a cotter pin or cotter key,
[1]
is a metal fastener with two tines that are bent during installation,
similar to a staple or rivet. Typically made of thick wire with a
half-circular cross section, split pins come in multiple sizes and types.
The British definition of "cotter pin" is equivalent to U.S. term
"cotter", which can be a cause for confusion when companies of both
countries work together. There are signs that manufacturers and
stockists are increasingly listing both names together to avoid
confusion; this led to the term split cotter sometimes being used for a
split pin.
Construction
Split pins: A: New B: Installed C: Spring type D:
Cross-section of traditional design
A new split pin (see figure A) has its flat inner surfaces touching for
most of its length so that it appears to be a split cylinder (figure D).
Once inserted, the two ends of the pin are bent apart, locking it in place
(figure B). When they are removed they are supposed to be discarded
and replaced, because of fatigue from bending.
[2]
Split pins are typically made of soft metal, making them easy to install
and remove, but also making it inadvisable to use them to resist strong
shear forces. Common materials include mild steel, brass, bronze,
stainless steel, and aluminium.
[3]
Types
As shown above, there are different types of ends available on split pins. The most common is the extended prong
with a square cut, but extended prongs are available with all of the other types of ends. The extended prong type is
popular because it makes it easier to separate the tines. To ease insertion into a hole the longer tine may be slightly
curved to overlap the tip of the shorter tine or it is beveled. The length, L, of the split pin is defined as the distance
from the end of the shortest tine to the point of the eyelet that contacts the hole.
[3]
Split pin
2
Hammer lock split pins are properly installed by striking the head with a hammer to secure the pin. This forces the
shorter tine forward, spreading the pin.
[4]
Standard
Humped
Clinch
Sizes
The diameter of split pins are standardized. American split pins start at
1

32
in and end at
3

4
in.
[4]
Metric split pin sizes
[5]
Nominal diameter [mm] Hole size [mm] For bolt size [mm]
1.5 1.9 6
2 2.4 8
2.5 2.8 10
3 3.4 12, 14
4 4.5 20
5 5.6 24, 28
6 6.3 30, 36, 42
8 8.5 48
American split pin sizes
[4]

[5]
Nominal diameter [in] Hole size [in] For bolt size [in]
1

32
3

64
3

64
1

16
1

16
5

64
1

4
5

64
3

32
5

16
3

32
7

64
3

8
7

64
1

8
1

8
9

64
1

2
9

64
5

32
5

8
5

32
11

64
3

4
3

16
13

64
1, 1.125
7

32
15

64
1.25, 1.375
1

4
17

64
1.5
5

16
5

16
1.75
3

8
3

8
7

16
7

16
Split pin
3
1

2
1

2
5

8
5

8
3

4
3

4
Applications
A car hub showing a castellated nut cover and
split pin (near center).
Split pins are frequently used to secure other fasteners, e.g. clevis pins,
as well as being used in combination with hardboard discs as a
traditional joining technique for teddy bears.
[6]
Split pins may be used in some applications as low-tech shear pins. A
common application of this is when used to secure a castellated nut.
One problem with this type of use is that the castles on the nut must
line up with the hole in the mating part so that the split pin can be
installed. When the nut is torqued properly, but the holes still do not
line up, it is preferable to over-tighten the nut than under-tighten it.
[7]
References
[1] U.S. Patent 4298299 (http:/ / www. google. com/ patents?vid=4298299)
[2] Welsch 2005, p.141.
[3] Soled 1957, p.312.
[4] Cotter pins (http:/ / www. sizes. com/ tools/ cotter_pins.htm), , retrieved 2009-08-17.
[5] Jensen 2001, p.234.
[6] Baby Pip Teddy Bear (http:/ / www.craftbits. com/ viewProject. do?projectID=1524) at CraftBits.com
[7] Reithmaier 1999, p.151.
Bibliography
Jensen, Cecil Howard (2001), Interpreting Engineering Drawings (http:/ / books. google. com/
?id=n5AZcpo5IFcC) (6th ed.), SteinerBooks, ISBN9780766828971.
Reithmaier, Lawrence W. (1999), Standard aircraft handbook for mechanics and technicians (http:/ / books.
google. com/ ?id=a3bloqOeFhkC) (6th ed.), McGraw-Hill Professional, ISBN9780071348362.
Soled, Julius (1957), Fasteners handbooks (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=8OdSAAAAMAAJ), Reinhold
Publication Corporation.
Welsch, Roger (2005), From Tinkering to Torquing: A Beginner's Guide to Tractors and Tools (http:/ / books.
google. com/ ?id=J_xMHJSIvL0C), MBI Publishing Company, ISBN9780760320822.
Article Sources and Contributors
4
Article Sources and Contributors
Split pin Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=438445597 Contributors: A2Kafir, AKGwikiAcct, AMCKen, Alex holden, Altafqadir, Anthony Appleyard, Ashawley, Atlant,
Bejnar, Castor8, Charles Matthews, Chris Cross, ClairSamoht, Daderot, Dogcow, Esradekan, Globbet, Gpvos, Graibeard, Jj137, Jsd, Justallofthem, Kamezuki, Kelisi, Kivaan, LilHelpa, Mdrag,
Memestream, Modica4uall, Neclark, Peridon, Pissant, Pjbflynn, Polyparadigm, Royalbroil, Shaddack, Skipweasel, Someonesdad363616, Techtonik, Themightyseptopus, Wazronk, Wizard191,
Zephyris, 26 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:Cotter Pin (PSF).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cotter_Pin_(PSF).png License: unknown Contributors: Pearson Scott Foresman
Image:CotterPins.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:CotterPins.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Kivaan
File:Cotter pin ends.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cotter_pin_ends.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Wizard191
Image:Car hub cotter pin.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Car_hub_cotter_pin.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors:
1-1111, Ies, Leonard G., Polyparadigm, Tano4595, 2 anonymous edits
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
http:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/

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