CHAPTER 5 RATIOS, RATES AND PROPORTIONS

5.1 Ratio of two quantities

5.1a Comparison two quantities in the form of a : b or
b
a

(i). Te ratio of two quantities is te comparison
between two quantities of te same kind or same unit.
(ii) Tere is no unit of measurement !i"en wen e#$resse%
in rations.
(iii) Ratio of two quantities is a&wa's in te for( of a ) b or
b
a

wi* is rea% as + ratio of a to b +
1. ,rite te ratios in te for( a : b or
b
a

Ratio a ) b
b
a
(a) - to .
(/) 10 ) 12
(*) 10 *( to 5 *(
(%) -0 ! to 03 !
(e) 24 sen to R5 5
(f) 1 6! to 744 !
(!) 1. se* to 1 (in
() 144 *( : 4.3 (
(i) 5 %a's : 0 wee6s
(8) -54 (& : 0 &iters
5.1b Simplifying ratios to the lowest terms
(i) Ratios (ust /e state% in teir lowest terms.
0. Si($&if' ea* ratio to te &owest ter(s.
(a) -:10 (/) 12 : 0.
(*) 101:132 (%) 1.5 : 0.5
(e) 4.44- : 4.144 (f) 4.05 : -4
(!)
7
1
:
7
5
()
1
1
:
2
5

(i)
10
.
:
1
1
0
(8)
5
0
1
:
14
1
0

5.1c Determining whether given rations are equivalent
ratios
(i) To %eter(ine weter or not ratios are equi"a&ent,
multiply or divide te two quantities in te !i"en ratio
/' te sa(e fa*tor.
(ii) Te ratio of two quantities does not change if /ot
te quantities are (u&ti$&ie% or %i"i%e% /' te sa(e
fa*tor.
1. Deter(ine weter te fo&&owin! $airs of ratios is
equi"a&ent ratios.
(a) 1 : 10 an% 2 : 0-
(/) 2 : 5 an% 04 : 0-
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 1
(*) 144 : -- an% 05 : 11
(%)
3
1
:
1
1
an% - : 10
(e)
1
0
:
3
7
an%
-
1
:
12
3

(f)
11
0
1
an%
15
1
5

5.1d To state ratios related to a given ratio
-. Co($&ete te ta/&e /e&ow
( : n n : ( ( : n ; ( n : ( ; n ( : ( < n n : ( < n
5 : 0
7 : 1
1.5 : 0.5
-
1
:
1
1

1
0
1
:
5
1
0

0
1
1
:
1
1

9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 0
5. Refer to te fi!ure /e&ow an% write %own te ratios.
(a) Te ratio of te $eri(eter of re*tan!&e A=CD to te
$eri(eter of trian!&e ADE
(/) Te ratio of te area of re*tan!&e A=CD to te area of
trian!&e ADE
2. So&"e te fo&&owin! $ro/&e(s
(a) Te ratio of (a&e stu%ents to fe(a&e stu%ents in a
*&ass is - ) 5. If te %ifferen*e /etween (a&e stu%ents an%
fe(a&e stu%ents is ., wat is te tota& nu(/er of
stu%ents in te *&ass>
(/) A aw6er so&% # a$$&es an% ' oran!es. If te ratio of
a$$&es to oran!es is - ) . an% te tota& nu(/er of a$$&es
an% oran!es is .., *a&*u&ate te nu(/er of oran!es so&%.
5. Concept of !roportion
A proportion is a re&ationsi$ /etween two ratios were/' te
first ratio is equa& to se*on%.
5.a To state whether two pairs of quantities are a
proportion
(i) ,en te ratios of two pairs of quantities are te
same, te quantities are in proportion.
(ii) :or e#a($&e c : d = m : n is rea% as + c is to d equals
m is to n +
.. State weter te fo&&owin! $airs of quantities are
$ro$ortiona&.
(a) 0 : 5 ? 17 : -5
(/)
-5
15
:
5.
13

(*)
-
1
:
5
1
? 15( : 4.444- 6(
(%)
-
1
6! : .44!
(e)
2
5
%a' : 1- ours
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 1
A =
C E 1 *( D
5 *(
@ - *(
=

- *(
|
|
5.b To determine if a quantity is proportional to another
quantity given two values of each quantity.
(i) Two quantities are $ro$ortionate if te ratios of /ot
$airs of quantities are te sa(e.
7. Deter(ine weter ea* of te fo&&owin! $airs
(a)
(/) Te $ri*e of - sirts is R52- an% te $ri*e of 2 sirts is
R5140.
(*) 0 6! of ra(/utan *osts R55 an% 14 6! of ra(/utan
*osts R505.
(%) 144 ! of *o*o&ate *osts R55. Anoter 154 !
*o*o&ate *osts R52.
(e) A re*tan!u&ar of wi%t 1 *( an% &en!t - *(. Anoter
re*tan!&e of wi%t 10 *( an% &en!t 12 *(
5.c To find the value of a quantity when the ratio of the two
quantities and the value of another quantity.
Two (eto%s tat *an /e use%.
(a) Anitar' (eto%
(/) Pro$ortion (eto% ( or Cross (u&ti$&i*ation
(eto%)
3. E"a&uate ea* of te fo&&owin! usin! unitar' (eto%
(a) Ratio of x : y is 1 : 5 . If te "a&ue of x @ 0- 6!, fin%
te "a&ue of '.
Ans. x 1 $arts @ 0- 6!
1 $art @
0-
1
6!
@ 7 6!
Tus, y @ 5 $arts @ 5 # 7 6!
@ -4 6!
(/) Bi"en u : v @ - : 1 an% te "a&ue of u @ 04 *(. wat is
te "a&ue of v>
(*) Bi"en tat h : k @ @ 13 : 10, fin% te "a&ue of h if k @
-.
(%) Ratio of a : b is 0 : 3 . If te "a&ue of b is R5-5,
wat is te "a&ue of a
(e) Bi"en tat p : q @ 2 : 5, fin% te "a&ue of p if q @ -4
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. -

P
25 27
q 25 45
14. So&"e te fo&&owin! usin! te $ro$ortion (eto% C *ross
(u&ti$&i*ation (eto%
(a) x : 5 @ 10 : -4

-4x @ 124
x @ -
(/) m : 5 @ -4 : 05
(*) 10 : . @ 32 : x
(%) Bi"en tat p : q @ . : 14, fin% te "a&ue of q if $ @ -0
(e) Bi"en tat x : y @ 0 :
5
-
, fin% te "a&ue of ' if x @ 7
(f) Bi"en 5 : - @ R : 07. :in% te "a&ue of R
5.d "inding the value of a quantity given the ratio and the
sum of the two quantities.
11. (a) Bi"en te a : b @ . : 3 an% a ; b @ 110, fin% te "a&ue
of a an% b
(/) Bi"en tat x : y @ - : . an% x ; y @ 33, fin% te "a&ue of
y
(*) Bi"en tat f : g @ 05 : . an% f ; g @ 107, fin% te "a&ue
of f an% !.
(%) Bi"en tat j : k @ 11 : 5 an% j ; k @ 1107, fin% te
"a&ue of j an% k.
(e) Bi"en tat x : y @ - : 1 an% x ; y @ 07, fin% te "a&ue
of x an% '
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 5
=

x
5

32
40
5.e "ind the sum of two quantities given the ratio of the
quantities and the difference between the quantities.
10. (a) Bi"en e : f @ 5 : 2 an% f e @ -4, fin% te "a&ue of e + f
(/) Bi"en p : q @ 5 : 1 an% p q @ 52, fin% te "a&ue of $ ;
q
(*) Bi"en tat w : v @ 01 : 11 an% w v @ -7, fin% te
"a&ue of w + v.
(%) Bi"en tat s : t @ 15 : 2 an% s t @ 71, fin% te "a&ue
of s + t
(e) Bi"en x : y @ 5 : 7 an% y x @ 13, fin% te "a&ue of y
+ x.
11. 5' fater !a"e R527 to Don an% (e /ase% on te ratio 1 :
1. Ca&*u&ate a(ount of (one' re*ei"e% /' Don.
1-. Tree si(i&ar ri//ons a"e a tota& &en!t of 145 *(. :in% te
tota& &en!t of 11 su* ri//ons.
15. Ea* of te 1 /&a%es of a $arti*u&ar fan (a6es 1- re"o&utions
$er se*on%. How (an' re"o&utions %oes ea* of te /&a%es
(a6e $er (inute>

12. R5.2 was %i"i%e% into 0 $ortions in te ratio - :10. :in% te
"a&ue of te s(a&&er $ortion
1.. S*oo& A an% s*oo& = raise% fun%s fir an or$ana!e. Te
ratio of fun%s raise% /' s*oo& A to te raise% /' s*oo& = is
. : 5. If te %ifferen*e /etween te fun%s raise% /' /ot
s*oo&s is R5-44, *a&*u&ate te tota& fun%s raise% /' /ot
s*oo&s
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 2
18. The ratio of Samys age to his brothers age is 5 : 4. f
the s!m of their ages is 27 years. "hat is his brother
age#
1$. %e&a'ie ha( )%*5. She s+e't it o' boo,s a'( -&othes
i' the ratio of 1 : 4. .o/ m!-h (i( she s+e'( o'
-&othes#
20. 0 s!m of )%3$0 is to be share( by 0&a' a'( his
brother i' the ratio of 17 :13. 1i'( the amo!'t re-ei2e(
by 0&a's brother.
21. Tasta /as gi2e' 2057 stam+s by her !'-&e. She share(
the stam+s /ith her sister i' the ratio of 8 : 3. f her
sister got the bigger share3 ho/ m!-h more (i( her
get#
22. 1or re-ta'g&e3 the ratio of its /i(th to its &e'gth is 2 : 7.
4i2e' that the /i(th is 30 -m &ess tha' its &e'gth3
-a&-!&ate the +erimeter of the re-ta'g&e.
23. The '!mber of s/eets i' 2 -o'tai'ers is i' the ratio
8 : 5. f the (iffere'-e bet/ee' the '!mbers of s/eets
i' the 2 -o'tai'ers is 1203 -a&-!&ate the tota& '!mber of
s/eets i' the 2 -o'tai'ers.
24. 0 /ire is -!t i'to t/o +ie-es i' the ratio of 5 : 8 .
4i2e' that the (iffere'-e bet/ee' the t/o +ie-es is 21
-m3 fi'( the &e'gth of the shorter +ie-e of /ire.
25. 5'-i, %!ra( a'( his /ifes mo'th&y i'-ome are i' the
ratio of 5 : 3 . 4i2e' that 5'-i, %!ra(s i'-ome is
)%478 more tha' his /ifes3 -a&-!&ate his /ifes
i'-ome.
2*. 6i&y a'( her sister3 %imi3 re-ei2e( their a'g +a!s i' the
ratio of 7 : 5. f the (iffere'-e bet/ee' the amo!'ts
they re-ei2e( is )%1503 -a&-!&ate the tota& amo!'t that
the sib&i'gs re-ei2e(.
27. 0 (o!gh is to be +re+are( by -ombi'i'g /heat f&o!r
a'( ri-e f&o!r i' the ratio of 3 : 2. 4i2e' that the
(iffere'-e i' /eight bet/ee' these t/o ty+es of f&o!r
!se( is 150 g3 fi'( the tota& /eight of these t/o ty+es
of f&o!r !se( to +re+are the (o!gh.
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. .
5.3 Concept of ratio of three quantities
7 Three q!a'tities of same ,i'( -a' be -om+are( as
ratio
7 The or(er of the q!a'tities is im+orta't
7 The !'its of meas!reme't m!st be the same.
5.3a Comparing three quantities in the form a : b : c
1. 8om+&ete the tab&e be&o/
a b c a : b : c
4 * 7
3 m * m $ m
)%4 )%* )%7
30 -m 1 m 40 -m
500 g 1.5 ,g 100 g
18 se- 0.25
mi'
4 se-
5.3b Simplifying the ratio of three quantities to the
lowest terms.
7 The ratio of three q!a'tities -a' be simplified to
its lowest term.
2. Sim+&ify ea-h of the fo&&o/i'g ratios to its &o/est terms.
9a: $ : 27 : 18 9b: 1.* : 4 : 2.4
9-:
1
2
:
2
:
1
3
9(:
3
4
:
1
1*
:
1
2
5.3c Determining whether given ratios are equivalent
ratios.
3. ;etermi'e /hether the gi2e' ratios are eq!i2a&e't
9a: 3 : 5 : 7 a'( 15 : 25 : 35
9b: 32 : 24 : 40 a'( 4 : 3 : 5

9-: 1.2 : 2 : 2.8 a'( * : 5 : 7
9(: *
2
5
: $.* : 1* a'( 2 : 3 : 5
9e: 1
1
3
:
2
*
:
1
12
a'( 1* : 2 : 1
4. 8om+&ete the tab&e be&o/
a : b : c a b c
2 < 1 < 5 *
0.4 < 0.8 < 0.01 *
1
2
:
1
4
:
3
8
4
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 7

5.3d Stating the ratio of any two quantities given the ratio of the three quantities.
7 The ratio of a'y t/o q!a'tities -a' be i(e'tifie( if the ratio of a&& three q!a'tities is gi2e'.
5. 8om+&ete the fo&&o/i'g tab&e.
a : b : c a : b a : c b : c a : a + b + c a + b : a c
3 < 1 < $
* < 5 < 8
4* < 72 < 15
0.* < 0.2 < 04
1
5
:
4
25
:
3
20

5.3e !dentifying and calculating the ratio of a : b : c
given the ratio a : b and a : c
5xam+&e
4i2e' that a < b = 4 < 5 a'( b < - = * < 7 3 -a&-!&ate a < b < -
a < b < - .
4x * 5x*
*x 5 7x5
24 < 30 < 35
a < b < - = 24 < 30 < 35
*. 1i'( the ratio of a < b < -3 gi2e' the ratio of t/o
q!a'tities
9a: a < b = 5 < 8 a'( b < - = 8 < 12
9b: a < b = 3 < 7 a'( a < - = 3 < 12
9-: a < - = 4 < * a'( b < - = 5 < *
9(: a < b = 3 < 5 a'( b < - = 7 < 4
9e: a < b = 4 < 13 a'( a < - = 7 < 8
9f: a < - = * < 11 a'( b < - = 5 < 2
9g: a < - = 12 < 7 a'( b < - = 11 < 17
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 3
=r
68% of 5 a'( *
2 53 *

3 53 3
4 53 1
13 1
68% = 2 x 3 x 5
= 30
5.3f "he value of the other quantity# given the ratio of
three quantities and the value of one of the three
quantities
7 "he' the 2a&!e of o'e of the three q!a'tities a'(
the ratio of the three q!a'tities are gi2e'3 the other
2a&!es -a' be -a&-!&ate(.
7. So&2e ea-h of fo&&o/i'g
9a: 4i2e' that a < b < - = 3 < 5 < 8 a'( a = 153 fi'( the
2a&!e of b a'( -
9b: 4i2e' that + < q < r = 3* < 54 < 18 a'( q = 153 fi'(
the 2a&!e of + a'( r
9-: 4i2e' that x < y < > = 15 < 45 < 17 a'( > = 853 fi'(
the 2a&!e of x a'( y
9(: 4i2e' that , < m < ' = 8 < 13 < 17 a'( , = 483 fi'(
the 2a&!e of m a'( '
9e: 4i2e' that ! < 2 < / = 54 < 108 < 81 a'( / = 33
fi'( the 2a&!e of ! a'( 2
5.3g "he value of each quantities given
$a% the ratio and the sum of three quantities.
$b% the ratio and the difference between two of
the three quantities.
8. So&2e ea-h of the fo&&o/i'g
9a: 4i2e' that + < q < r = 3 < 5 < 7 a'( + ? q ? r = 120
,g3 fi'( the 2a&!e of +3 q a'( r
9b: 4i2e' that , < m < ' = 12 < 3 < 8 a'( , ? m ? ' =
*$3 fi'( the 2a&!e of ,3 m a'( '
9-: 4i2e' that a < b < - = 3 < 4 < * a'( - @ b = )%323
fi'( the 2a&!e of a3 b a'( -
9(: 4i2e' that x < y < > = 3 < 8 < 15 a'( y ? > = *$3
fi'( the 2a&!e of x3 y a'( >
9e: 0 /ire meas!ri'g *0 -m is -!t i'to 3 +ie-es i'
the ratio 3 < 4 < 5 . 8a&-!&ate the &e'gth of the
shortest +ie-e of /ire.
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 14
5.3h "he sum of three quantities given the ratio and
the difference between two of the three
quantities.
$. So&2e ea-h of the fo&&o/i'g
9a: 4i2e' that x < y < > = 2 < 5 < $ a'( > @ x = 353
fi'( the 2a&!e of x ? y ? >
9b: 4i2e' that a < b < - = 2 < 8 < 3 a'( b @ a = 423
fi'( the 2a&!e of a ? b ? -
9-: 4i2e' that + < q < r = 12 < 5 < 3 a'( + @ r = 703
fi'( the 2a&!e of + ? q ? r
9(: 4i2e' that ! < 2 < / = 3 < 4 < 8 a'( / @ ! = *3
fi'( the 2a&!e of ! ? 2 ? /
9e: 4i2e' that , < m < ' = 3 < 5 < $ a'( ' @ m = 283
fi'( the 2a&!e of , ? m ? '
5xer-ise 1
1. 0 ro+e is -!t i'to three +ie-es i' the ratio 4 < 5 < 10 . f
the (iffere'-e bet/ee' the &o'gest a'( the shortest
+ie-e is 42 m3 fi'( the tota& &e'gth of the ro+e.
2. The ages of 0ishah3 Sa&i'a a'( 5ster are i' the ratio
4 < 7 < 10. f the (iffere'-e i' age bet/ee' Sa&i'a a'(
5ster is $ years3 fi'( 0ishahs age
3. The tria'g&e 0A8 has three a'g&es a3 b a'( -. The
ratio a < b < - = 3 < 5 < 4. "hat is the 2a&!e of a'g&es a3
b a'( - res+e-ti2e&y#

4. ' a mathemati-s test3 the mar,s obtai'e( by 0>'i&3
Bim 6ee a'( Cose+h are i' the ratio * < 5 < 4. 4i2e'
that the (iffere'-e bet/ee' the highest mar, a'( the
&o/est mar,s is 403 -a&-!&ate their tota& mar,s.
5. The (ista'-e from to/' 0 to to/' A is 32 ,m. f the
ratio of the (ista'-e of to/' 0 to to/' A a'( the
(ista'-e of to/' A to to/' 8 is 4 < 53 -a&-!&ate the
(ista'-e from to/' A to to/' 8 < 3
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 11
*. 0 s!m of mo'ey is share( bet/ee' 0>har3 Aa,ar a'(
0mi' i' the ratio 5 < 17 < 18. f the &argest share is
)%1*23 fi'( the (iffere'-e bet/ee' the &argest a'( the
sma&&est shares.
11. 8ho'g3 .a'if a'( %!th! i'2este( i' a sta&& for the
s-hoo& 8a'tee' ;ay i' the ratio 2 < 3 < 4. The tota&
amo!'t i'2este( by 8ho'g a'( .a'if /as )%4153
.o/ m!-h (i( m!th! i'2est i'#
7. 0 S!m of mo'ey is (i2i(e( amo'g Sathi3 S!resh a'(
Bama& i' the ratio * < 5 < ,. f Sathi re-ei2e( )%54 a'(
Bama& re-ei2es )% 3*3 fi'( the 2a&!e of ,
12. 0 +hotogra+hy -om+etitio' offers )%y as +ri>e
mo'ey. 4i2e' that the +ri>e mo'ey is (i2i(e( the first3
se-o'( a'( thir( +ri>e /i''ers i' the ratio $ < 5 < 2 a'(
the thir( +ri>e /i''er gets )%520 &esser tha' se-o'(
+ri>e /i''er3 fi'( the s!m re-ei2e( by the first +ri>e
/i''er.
8. The ratio of Camess Sa&ary to %oha's sa&ary is 3 < 5
a'( the ratio of %oha's sa&ary to Peters sa&ary is 4< 7
1i'( the ratio of Camess sa&ary to Peters sa&ary.
13. Three bas,ets3 P3 D a'( )3 -o'tai' ramb!ta's i' the
ratio 5 < 4 < 3. 4i2e' that the tota& '!mber of
ramb!ta's i' Aas,et + a'( D is 42 more tha' the
'!mber of ramb!ta's i' bas,et )3 -a&-!&ate the tota&
ramb!ta's i' the three bas,ets.
$. The ratio of the '!mber of boo,s i' the box P a'( box
D is i' the ratio 3 < 7. The ratio of the '!mber of boo,s
i' box D a'( box ) is i' the ratio of 2 < 1. 4i2e' that
there are 12 boo,s i' box P3 fi'( the tota& '!mber of
boo,s i' boxes P3 D a'( )
14. The tria'g&e 0A8 has three si(es. 4i2e' that the
&e'gth of si(es 0A3 A8 a'( 08 is i' the ratio of 3 < 4 <
5 a'( the tota& &e'gth of si(es 0A a'( A8 is 14 -m3
fi'( the +erimeter of the tria'g&e.
10. 0hma( a'( Aa,ar ea-h has )%210 a'( )%150
res+e-ti2e&y. The ratio of 8hias mo'ey to Aa,ars
mo'ey is 5 < *. 1i'( the ratio of 0hma(s mo'ey to
Aa,ars mo'ey to 8hias mo'ey.
15. The +ri-e of a +air of shoes3 a shirt a'( a storyboo, is
i' the ratio of 12 < 35 < /. 4i2e' that the (iffere'-e the
+ri-e of the +air of shoes a'( the shirt is )%2* a'( the
tota& -ost of the three items is )%$03 fi'( the 2a&!e of
/
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 10
9 C 9HOO :0 Ca$ter 5 Ratios, Rates an% Pro$ortions 4. 11