PJC2011

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1
2011 JC2 H2 Math Midyear Exam Paper 1 Suggested Solution

1

Objective : To perform binomial expansion and apply it to find an approximate value.

Solution
1
4 x

=
( )
1
2
4 x


=
1
2
4

1
2
1
4
x

| |

|
\ .

=
1
2
[1+(
1
2
)(
4
x
) +
(
1
2
)(
3
2
)
2
(
4
x
)
2
+...]
=
1
2
(1 +
1
8
x +
2
3
128
x +...)
=
1
2
+
1
16
x +
3
256
x
2
+...
Expansion valid for 1 <
4
x
<1
4 <x <4
Let x =1:
1
4 1

1
2
+
1
16
+
3
256
1
3

147
256

3
256
147
(shown)

2

Objective: To apply implicit differentiation to obtain Maclaurin series

Solution:
3
2
x
y e =
2
d
3
d
x
y
y e
x
=
2
2
2
2
d d
3 6 0
d d
x
y y
y y e
x x
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
(shown)
3
3 2 2
2
3 2 2
d d d d d d
3 6 12 6 0
d d d d d d
x
y y y y y y
y y y e
x x x x x x
| | | | | |
+ + + + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

3
3 2
2
3 2
d d d d
3 18 6 0
d d d d
x
y y y y
y y e
x x x x
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .


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2

2 3
2 3
2 3
d 1 d 5 d 37
when 0, 1, , ,
d 3 d 9 d 27
1 5 37
1 ....
3 18 162
y y y
x y
x x x
y x x x
= = = = =
= +


3

Objective : Use similar triangle to solve maxima and minima problem.

Solution

(i) By similar triangle,

30
30
h x
r

=

30
30
x
h
r
=

( ) 30 r x
h
r

=

Vol,
2
1
3
V x h =

( )
2
30
1
3
r x
V x
r

(
=
(



( )
2
10 x r x
V
r

=

(ii)
2
d 10
2 3
d
V
xr x
x r

(
=



( )
d 10
2 3
d
V x
r x
x r

=
For maximum volume,

( )
d 10
2 3 0
d
V x
r x
x r

= =

( )
2
0
3
r
x NA x = =

2
2
10 2 2 40
3 3 27
r r
V r r
r

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .


4

Objective :

(1) Find gradient given a parametric equation.
(2) Using chain rule to find rate of change.

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3
Solution

(i) 2 2sin x = 2 2cos y =

d
2 2cos
d
x

=
d
2sin
d
y

=

d d d 2sin sin
d d d 2 2cos 1 cos
y y
m
x x


= = = =



(ii)
( ) ( )
( )
2
1 cos cos sin sin
d
d
1 cos
m

( )
2 2
2
cos sin cos
1 cos

+
=

( )
2
cos 1
1 cos

1
cos 1
=

When
3

=

d d d
dt d d
m m
t

=

( )
d 1
0.25 0.5
dt
cos 1
3
m

= =

units per second

5

Objective :

(1) Finding area and volume of revolution of a region.
(2) Identifying the appropriate equations to use for region bounded by conics.

Solution

(i)
( )
2
2
2 4 x y + =

( )
2
2
2 2 4 x x + =

2
2 4 x =
2 x =
Since R is in the first quadrant, 2 x = , 2 2 y =
Coordinates of point of intersection
( )
2,2 2





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4
(ii)
( )
2
2
2 4 x y + =

( )
2
2
2 4 y x =

2
2 4 y x =
Since the portion of the curve bounding R is the lower half of the circle,

2
2 4 y x =
Area =
2 2
2
0 2
2 4 d 2 d x x x x +



| |
2
2
2
2 2
0
0
2
1
2 4 d 2
2
x x x x x
(
= +
(

( )
( )
2
2
0
2 2 4 d 4 2 2 2 1 x x = +

2
2
0
3 4 d x x =

3, 1 A B = =

Or Area =
( )( )
2
2
0
1
2 4 d 2 2 2 2
2
x x +

(iii) Volume
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
3
0
2 4 2 d 3.47units y y y

= =

6

Objective : To apply partial fractions and method of difference in finding summation of
series, and find sum to infinity of series.

Solution
2 3 5
1 1 x x x
+ =
+

( )
( )
( )
( )( )( )
2
2 1 3 1 5 1
1 1
x x x x x
x x x
+ +
+



=
( )( )( )
2 2 2
2 2 3 3 5 5
1 1
x x x x x
x x x
+ + +
+



=
7 3
( 1)( )( 1)
x
x x x

+
(shown)


S =
2
7 3
2
( 1)( )( 1)
n
x
x
x x x
=

=
2
2 3 5
2
1 1
n
x
x x x
=
| |
+
|
+
\ .

( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
Note
2 4
4 2
Since 0, 4 2
x y
x y
x x y
+ =
=
> =

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5
=
2 3 5

1 2 3
2 3 5
2 3 4
2 3 5
3 4 5
2 ................
2 3 5
2 1
2 3 5
1 1
n n n
n n n

+



+ +



+ +


`



+ +




+ +

+

)

=
2 3 2 5 3 5
2
1 2 2 1 n n n

+ + +
`
+
)

= 2
9 2 5
2 1 n n
| |

|
+
\ .

=
4 10
9
1 n n
(
+
(
+

.
Since
4
0
n
and
10
1 n +
0 as n
lim 9
n
S

=

7

Objective :

1) Explain by means of graphical argument whether inverse function exists.
2) Finding inverse function.
3) Using the concept that graph of
( ) f y x = and
( )
-1
f y x = intersect along the line y x =

Solution

(i) Since any horizontal line ( ) 2 y k k = cuts the graph of
( ) f y x = at most
once, f is a one-one function,
1
f

exists.









x
y
2
y k =
( ) f y x =

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6
(ii)
2
2 y x =
2 x y =
Since 0, 2 x x y =

-1
f : 2 , 2 x x x

(iii)














(iv) The solution to ( ) ( )
-1
f f x x = is given by
( ) f x x = .
( ) f x x =

2
2 x x =

2
2 x x + =

( ) 1 2 x x + = (shown)

Or


( ) ( )
-1
f f x x =

2
2 2 x x =

( )
2
2
2 2 x x =

2 4
2 4 4 x x x = +

4 2
4 2 0 x x x + + =

( )( )
( )
2
1 2 1 0 x x x x + =

( )( )
2 2
2 1 0 x x x x + =

2 2
1 0 or 2 0 x x x x = + =

( ) 1 2 x x + = (shown)




x
y
2
y k =
2
( ) f y x =
( )
-1
ff y x x = =
( )
-1
f y x =
( ) 2,2

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7
8

Objective : To sketch transformations of graph.

Solution
(i) y =f( ) 2x +1













(ii) y =
) f(
1
x
(iii) y
2
=f(x)














9

Objective :

(1) Apply De Moivres Theorem to find nth roots.
(2) Use the concept that complex roots occur in conjugate pairs to efficiently solve for
roots of a polynomial equation with real coefficient.
(3) Use properties of modulus and argument of complex numbers to solve for unknown in
an equation.





y
y =3
x =
1
2

0
x
(
1
2
, 0)
(1, 1)
(0, 1)
y
y =1/ 2
x =2
0
x
(1, 1)
2 1
y
y = 2
x =1
0
x
2
y = 2
1

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8
Solution

(a)
3
4 4 3i 0 z + =

3
4 4 3i z =

3 3
8
i
z e
| |

|
\ .
=

i 2
3 3
8 , 0, 1
n
z e n

| |
+
|
\ .
= =

1
i 2
3 3
2 , 0, 1
n
z e n

| |
+
|
\ .
= =

2
i
9 3
2 , 0, 1
n
z e n
| |
+
|
\ .
= =
0, 1, 1 n =

5 7
i i i
9 9 9
2 , 2 , 2 z e e e
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .
=


6 3
8 64 0 z z + =

( )
2
3 3
8 64 0 z z + =

( ) ( ) ( )
2
3
8 8 4 64
2
z

=

3
8 8 3
2
z

=

3
4 4 3i z = or
3
4 4 3i z = +

5 7 5 7
i i i i i i
9 9 9 9 9 9
2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 z e e e e e e
| | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
=

(b) Given 5 z = ,
( ) arg
12
z

= , 2 w = ,
( ) arg
3
w

=

( )
2 2
2
5 2 20 zw z w = = =

( ) ( ) ( )
2
3
arg arg 2arg 2
12 3 4
zw z w
| |
= + = + =
|
\ .


3
2 i i i 4
20
a b a b
zw e e e e
| |
|
+
\ .
= = =

3
20 ln20,
4
a
e a b

= = =

10

Objective :

Find the point of intersection between line and plane, perpendicular distance from a point to a
plane, the equation of a plane and line of intersection of 2 or 3 planes.




PJC2011
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9
Solution

(i)
0 2
1 2
5 5
OQ
| | | |
| |
= +
| |
| |

\ . \ .

for some
2 1
1 2 3 5
5 5 2
.

| | | |
| |
+ =
| |
| |

\ . \ .

2 3 6 10 10 5 + + =
1 =

0 2 2
1 2 1
5 5 0
OQ
| | | | | |
| | |
= + =
| | |
| | |

\ . \ . \ .

(ii)
2 0 2
3 1 2
10 5 5

| | | | | |
| | |
= +
| | |
| | |

\ . \ . \ .

2 2 1 = =
3 1 2 1 = + =
10 5 5 1 = =
Since a unique value of 1 = can be found, A lies on
1
l

Method 1

2 2 4
3 1 4
10 0 10
QA
| | | | | |
| | |
= =
| | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

Perpendicular distance =
4 1
1
4 3
14
10 2
1
n QA
| | | |
| |
=
| |
| |

\ . \ .

36
36 18 14
7 14 14

= = =
( Can also useGA

, where G is any point on

1
p , obtained by substituting values into
1
p )






1
p
1
3
2
| |
|
|
|

\ .
1
l
2
2
5
| |
|
|
|

\ .
Q
1
p
1
3
2
| |
|
|
|

\ .
1
l
2
2
5
| |
|
|
|

\ .
Q
( ) 2, 3,10 A

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10
Method 2

Let the foot of perpendicular from A to
1
p be C.
2 1
3 3
10 2
OC
| | | |
| |
= +
| |
| |

\ . \ .

for some
2 1
3 3 3 5
10 2 2
.

+ | | | |
| |
+ =
| |
| |

\ . \ .

2 9 9 20 4 5 + + + =
18
7
=
2 1 4
18 1
3 3 33
7 7
10 2 34
OC
| | | | | |
| | |
= + =
| | |
| | |

\ . \ . \ .

4 2 1
1 18
33 3 3
7 7
34 10 2
AC
| | | | | |
| | |
= =
| | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2 2 2
18 18 14
1 3 2
7 7
AC = + + =

(iii)
2 1 11
2 3 1
5 2 4
| | | | | |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ . \ . \ .

11 2 11
1 3 1 21
4 10 4
r. .
| | | | | |
| | |
= =
| | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2
p : 11 4 21 x y z + =

(iv)

Method 1

1
p : 3 2 5 x y z + =
2
p : 11 4 21 x y z + =
1 3
5
2
17
x x =
2 3
13
1
17
x x = +
1
p
1
3
2
| |
|
|
|

\ .
C
( ) 2, 3,10 A
2
p
1
3
2
| |
|
|
|

\ .
1
l
1
p
2
2
5
| |
|
|
|

\ .
2
n
2
p
1
3
2
| |
|
|
|

\ .
1
l
1
p
11
1
4
| |
|

|
|
\ .
2
n
( ) 2,1,0 Q
2
l
1
n

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11
3 3
x x =
Let
3
17
x
=
2
l :
2 5
1 13
0 17
r
| | | |
| |
= +
| |
| |
\ . \ .
, where

Method 2

1 11 10 5
3 1 26 2 13
2 4 34 17
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
= =
| | | |
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .

( ) 2,1,0 Q is a point common to both
1
p and
2
p
2
l :
2 5
1 13
0 17
r
| | | |
| |
= +
| |
| |
\ . \ .
, where

(v)

Since
3
p intersect
1
p and
2
p in
2
l ,
2
l lies on
3
p

Method 1

Direction vector of
2
l is perpendicular to normal of
3
p
5
13 1 0 6
17 1
.
a
a
| | | |
| |
= =
| |
| |
\ . \ .



Method 2

Any point on
2
l lies on
3
p .
2
1 1 13 6
0 1
.
a
a
| | | |
| |
= =
| |
| |
\ . \ .








3
p
1
1
a | |
|
|
|
\ .
5
13
17
| |
|
|
|
\ .
( ) 2,1,0 Q
2
l
Learning Point

If the equation of
3
p contains 2
unknowns, e.g. ax y z b + + = , then use
both the concepts in method 1 and 2 to
form 2 equations to solve for a and b.

PJC2011
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12
11

Objective : To find the unknown constants of an equation and sketch the corresponding
curve. To apply number of roots of an equation as number of points of intersection between 2
curves.
Solution

(i) c =1
Perform long division , get a +1 =5 , so a =4 .


( ) ( )
2
2 4 2 b + + =0 , so b =4

(ii)
















(iv)
2
( 2)
1
x x
x
+

=1
2
( 2) 1
1
x
x x
+
=

2
4 4
1
x x
x
+ +

=
1
x


Sketch the graph of y =
1
x
, it will intersect C at exactly one point . Hence the equation has
exactly one real root.









x
y
( ) 2,0
( ) 4,12
5 y x = +
1
y
x
=
1 x =
5
5

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13
12

Objective : To apply method of substitution and by parts in integration

Solution

(a) Let 2tan x = ,

2
2
d
2sec
d
d 2sec d
x
x

=
=

When 0, 0
When 2,
4
x
x

= =
= =

( ) ( )
( )
2
4
2
2 2
2 2
0 0
1 1
d 2sec d
4 4 4tan
x
x

=
+ +



( )
( )
4
2
2
2
0
2 1
sec d
16
sec

4
2
0
1
cos d
8

( )
4
0
4
0
1
1 cos2 d
16
1 sin2
16 2
1 1
16 4 2

= +
(
= +
(

| |
= +
|
\ .

(b) (i) (a)
( ) ( )
2 2
d
cos 2 sin
d
x x x
x
= ,


( ) ( )
2 2
d
sin 2 cos
d
x x x
x
=





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14

(b)
( ) ( )
2 2
1
sin d cos
2
x x x x C = +

( ) ( )
2 2
1
cos sin
2
x x x C = +

(ii)
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
d d sin sin x x x x x x x =



Let
2
u x = ,
( )
2
d
sin
d
v
x x
x
=

d
2
d
u
x
x
= ,
( )
2
1
cos
2
v x =

( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2 2
1
sin d cos cos d
2
x x x x x x x x = +


=
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1
cos sin
2 2
x x x C + +