Appendix A (Probability Tables)

Z01_MCCL0116_11_SE_APPA.
QXD
10/26/09
7:26 PM
Page 809
Appendix A: Basic Counting Rules

Sample points associated with many experiments have identical characteristics. If you can
develop a counting rule to count the number of sample points, it can be used to aid in the
solution of many probability problems. For example, many experiments involve sampling n
elements from a population of N. Then, as explained in Section 3.1, we can use the formula
a
N
N!
b =
n
n!1N - n2!
to find the number of different samples of n elements that could be selected from the total
of N elements. This gives the number of sample points for the experiment.
Here, we give you a few useful counting rules. You should learn the characteristics
of the situation to which each rule applies. Then, when working a probability problem,
carefully examine the experiment to see whether you can use one of the rules.
Learning how to decide whether a particular counting rule applies to an experiment
takes patience and practice. If you want to develop this skill, try to use the rules to solve
some of the exercises in Chapter 3. Proofs of the rules below can be found in the text by
W. Feller listed in the references to Chapter 3.
Multiplicative Rule
You have k sets of different elements, n1 in the first set, n2 in the second set, . . . , and
nk in the kth set. Suppose you want to form a sample of k elements by taking one
element from each of the k sets. The number of different samples that can be formed
is the product
n1 # n2 # n3 # # nk
Example A.1
Applying the
Multiplicative Rule
Problem A product can be shipped by four airlines, and each airline can ship via three
different routes. How many distinct ways exist to ship the product?
Solution A method of shipment corresponds to a pairing of one airline and one route.
Therefore, k = 2, the number of airlines is n1 = 4, the number of routes is n2 = 3, and
the number of ways to ship the product is
n1 # n2 = 142132 = 12
Look Back How the multiplicative rule works can be seen by using a tree diagram, introduced in Section 3.6. The airline choice is shown by three branching lines in Figure A.1.
Route 1
2
3
Airline 1
Airline 2
Airline 3
Airline 4
Figure A.1 Tree diagram for

airline example
Route 1
2
3
Route 1
2
3
Route 1
2
3
809
Z01_MCCL0116_11_SE_APPA.QXD
810
10/26/09
7:26 PM
Page 810
A P P E ND I X A : Basic Counting Rules
Example A.2
Applying the
Multiplicative Rule
Problem You have 20 candidates for three different executive positions, E1, E2, and E3.
How many different ways could you fill the positions?
Solution For this example, there are k = 3 sets of elements:
Set 1: The candidates available to fill position E1
Set 2: The candidates remaining (after filling E1 ) that are available to fill E2
Set 3: The candidates remaining (after filling E1 and E2 ) that are available to fill E3
The numbers of elements in the sets are n1 = 20, n2 = 19, and n3 = 18. Thus, the number
of different ways to fill the three positions is
n1 # n2 # n3 = 120211921182 = 6,480
Partitions Rule
You have a single set of N distinctly different elements, and you want to partition it
into k sets, the first set containing n1 elements, the second containing n2 elements, . . . , and the kth containing nk elements. The number of different partitions is
N!
where n1 + n2 + n3 + + nk = N
n1!n2! # # nk!
Example A.3
Applying the
Partitions Rule
Problem You have 12 construction workers available for 3 job sites. Suppose you want
to assign 3 workers to job 1, 4 to job 2, and 5 to job 3. How many different ways could
you make this assignment?
Solution For this example, k = 3 (corresponding to the k = 3 job sites), N = 12, and
n1 = 3, n2 = 4, n3 = 5. Then the number of different ways to assign the workers to the
job sites is
12!
12 # 11 # 10 # # 3 # 2 # 1
N!
=
=
= 27,720
#
n1!n2!n3!
3!4!5!
13 2 # 1214 # 3 # 2 # 1215 # 4 # 3 # 2 # 12
Combinations Rule
The combinations rule given in Chapter 3 is a special case 1k = 22 of the partitions

rulethat is, sampling is equivalent to partitioning a set of N elements into k = 2
groups: elements that appear in the sample and those that do not. Let n1 = n, the
number of elements in the sample, and n2 = N - n, the number of elements remaining. Then the number of different samples of n elements that can be selected from N is
N!
N
N!
=
= a b
n1!n2!
n!1N - n2!
n
This formula was given in Section 3.1.
Example A.4
Problem How many samples of 4 firefighters can be selected from a group of 10?
Applying the
Combinations Rule
Solution We have N = 10 and n = 4; then

a
10 # 9 # 8 # # 3 # 2 # 1
N
10
10!
=
= 210
b = a b =
4!6!
14 # 3 # 2 # 1216 # 5 # # 2 # 12
n
4
Z02_MCCL0116_11_SE_APPB.QXD
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 811
Appendix B: Tables
Table I
Random Numbers
812
Table II
Binomial Probabilities
815
Table III
Poisson Probabilities
818
Table IV
Normal Curve Areas
822
Table V
Critical Values of t
823
Table VI
Critical Values of x2
824
Table VII
Percentage Points of the

F-Distribution, a = .10
Table XII
Critical Values for the

Durbin-Watson d Statistic,
a = .05
835
Table XIII Critical Values for the

Durbin-Watson d Statistic,
a = .01
836
Table XIV Critical Values of TL and TU
826
Table VIII Percentage Points of the

Table IX
Table X
Table XI

828
for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum

Test: Independent Samples
837
Table XV Critical Values of T0 in the

Wilcoxon Paired Difference
Signed Rank Test
838
Table XVI Critical Values of Spearmans

830
Rank Correlation Coefficient 839
Table XVII Critical Values of the

832
Control Chart Constants
834
Studentized Range, a = .05
840
811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Column
10480
22368
24130
42167
37570
77921
99562
96301
89579
85475
28918
63553
09429
10365
07119
51085
02368
01011
52162
07056
48663
54164
32639
29334
02488
81525
29676
00742
05366
91921
00582
00725
69011
25976
09763
91576
17955
46503
92157
14577
98427
15011
46573
48360
93093
39975
06907
72905
91977
14342
36857
69578
40961
93969
61129
97336
12765
21382
54092
53916
97628
91245
58492
32363
27001
33062
72295
20591
57392
04213
26418
04711
69884
65795
57948
83473
42595
56349
18584
89634
62765
07523
Random Numbers
01536
25595
22527
06243
81837
11008
56420
05463
63661
53342
88231
48235
52636
87529
71048
51821
52404
33362
46369
33787
85828
22421
05597
87637
28834
04839
68086
39064
25669
64117
87917
62797
95876
29888
73577
27958
90999
18845
94824
35605
33362
02011
85393
97265
61680
16656
42751
69994
07972
10281
53988
33276
03427
92737
85689
08178
51259
60268
94904
58586
09998
14346
74103
24200
87308
07351
96423
26432
66432
26422
94305
77341
56170
55293
88604
12908
30134
49127
49618
78171
81263
64270
81647
30995
76393
07856
06121
27756
98872
18876
17453
53060
70997
49626
88974
48237
77233
77452
89368
31273
23216
42698
09172
47070
13363
58731
19731
24878
46901
84673
44407
26766
42206
86324
18988
67917
30883
04024
20044
02304
84610
39667
01638
91646
89198
64809
16376
91782
53498
31016
20922
18103
59533
79936
69445
33488
52267
13916
16308
19885
04146
14513
06691
30168
25306
38005
00256
92420
82651
20849
40027
44048
25940
35126
88072
27354
48708
18317
86385
59931
51038
82834
47358
92477
69179
27982
15179
39440
60468
18602
71194
94595
57740
38867
56865
18663
36320
67689
47564
60756
55322
18594
83149
76988
90229
76468
94342
45834
60952
66566
89768
32832
37937
39972
74087
76222
26575
18912
28290
29880
06115
20655
09922
56873
66969
14194
53402
24830
53537
81305
70659
18738
56869
84378
62300
05859
72695
17617
93394
81056
92144
44819
29852
98736
13602
04734
26384
28728
15398
61280
14778
81536
61362
63904
22209
99547
36086
08625
82271
35797
99730
20542
58727
25417
56307
98420
62590
93965
49340
71341
49684
90655
44013
69014
25331
08158
90106
52180
30015
01511
97735
49442
01188
71585
23495
51851
59193
58151
35806
46557
50001
76797
86645
98947
45766
71500
81817
84637
40801
65424
05998
55536
18059
28168
44137
61607
04880
36207
34095
32081
57004
60672
15053
48840
60045
12566
17983
31595
20847
08272
26358
85977
53900
65255
85030
64350
46104
22178
06646
06912
41135
67658
14780
12659
96067
66134
64568
42607
93161
59920
69774
41688
84855
02008
15475
48413
49518
45585
10
20969
52666
30680
00849
14110
21916
63213
18425
58678
16439
01547
12234
84115
85104
29372
70960
64835
51132
94738
88916
30421
21524
17012
10367
32586
13300
92259
64760
75470
91402
43808
76038
29841
33611
34952
29080
73708
56942
25555
89656
46565
11
99570
19174
19655
74917
06927
81825
21069
84903
44947
11458
85590
90511
27156
20285
74461
63990
44919
01915
17752
19509
61666
15227
64161
07684
86679
87074
57102
64584
66520
42416
76655
65855
80150
54262
37888
09250
83517
53389
21246
20103
04102
12
91291
39615
63348
97758
01263
44394
10634
42508
05585
18593
91610
33703
30613
29975
28551
75601
05944
92747
35156
25625
99904
96909
18296
36188
50720
79666
80428
96096
34693
07844
62028
77919
12777
85963
38917
79656
36103
20562
35509
77490
46880
13
10/26/09
9:48 PM
(continued )
90700
99505
58629
16379
54613
42880
12952
32307
56941
64952
78188
90322
74952
89868
90707
40719
55157
64951
35749
58104
32812
44592
22851
18510
94953
95725
25280
98253
90449
69618
76630
88006
48501
03547
88050
73211
42791
87338
20468
18062
45709
14
812
Row
Table I
Page 812
A P P E ND I X B : Tables
Row
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
Column
Table I
34914
70060
53976
76072
90725
64364
08962
95012
15664
16408
18629
73115
57491
30405
16631
96773
38935
31624
78919
03931
74426
09066
42238
16153
21457
21581
55612
44657
91340
91227
50001
65390
27504
37169
11508
37449
46515
30986
63798
82486
21885
63976
28277
54914
29515
52210
67412
00358
68379
10493
81899
81953
35101
16703
83946
35006
20206
64202
76384
19474
33309
33278
00903
12426
08002
40742
57802
78095
66999
84979
21199
38140
05224
96131
94851
70225
30362
70331
81223
64995
84846
32906
(continued)
Random
Numbers
88720
39475
06990
40980
83974
33339
31662
93526
20492
04153
05520
47498
23167
23792
85900
42559
14349
17403
23632
57047
43972
20795
87025
26504
29820
02050
83197
99324
46949
31935
66321
72958
83944
39117
51111
06694
85922
42416
46583
99254
92431
82765
46473
67245
07391
29992
31926
25388
70765
38391
53381
91962
87637
49323
14422
98275
78985
82674
53363
27889
74211
10110
95452
14267
41744
96783
89728
33732
51281
81973
27022
19924
28609
41575
89632
38351
54690
38329
58353
09785
67632
09060
34476
23219
68350
58745
65831
14883
61642
10592
91132
79401
04739
99016
45021
15059
32388
05300
66523
44167
47914
63445
89917
92648
20979
81959
29400
17937
05810
84463
37949
84067
72163
81406
10573
00959
19444
04052
57015
21532
44160
43218
64297
17032
53416
82948
25774
38857
24413
34072
04542
21999
21438
13092
71060
33132
45799
52390
22164
44133
64486
02584
17361
15665
45454
04508
65642
21840
37621
24813
60563
61023
05462
09538
39147
08619
16487
66499
53115
15765
30502
78128
50076
51674
87589
94970
11398
22987
50490
59744
81249
76463
59516
83035
97662
88824
12544
22716
16815
24369
00697
64758
37680
62825
52872
09552
64535
74240
15035
47075
86902
79312
43997
35216
12151
25549
64482
65536
71945
62757
97161
32305
83991
21361
64126
40836
25832
42878
80059
83765
92351
35648
54328
81652
92350
24822
71013
41035
19792
69290
54224
35552
75366
20801
39908
73823
88815
31355
56302
34537
42080
60397
93454
15263
14486
06878
48542
73923
49071
05422
95348
17869
86482
42865
64816
62570
32427
69975
80287
39911
55657
97473
56891
02349
27195
36693
94730
18735
80780
09983
82732
35083
35970
76554
72152
05607
73144
16553
86064
00033
33310
97403
16489
68876
80644
29891
91903
42627
36152
39782
13442
78662
45349
05174
92520
51202
26123
70002
94884
88267
96189
14361
89286
69352
17247
48223
31238
06496
20286
45393
74353
38480
19687
19124
31601
39339
91284
88662
51125
29472
67107
06116
48626
03264
25471
43942
68607
18749
45233
05184
17095
78675
11163
61796
07901
83531
88124
05155
10
70663
19661
47363
41151
31720
35931
48373
28865
46751
59649
35090
23153
44812
68668
73817
11052
63318
12614
34806
68833
88970
79375
47689
77510
95240
68995
88525
93911
89203
41867
34405
57202
94142
02330
84081
81651
66345
54339
80377
41870
59194
11
88863
72828
46634
14222
57375
04110
45578
14777
22923
91754
04822
72924
12512
30429
32523
91491
29686
33072
08930
25570
74492
97596
05974
70625
15957
43805
42786
25650
71795
14951
56087
94617
25299
74301
66938
50245
81073
58861
35909
52689
52799
12
77775
00102
06541
60697
56228
23726
78547
62730
32261
72772
86774
35165
98931
70735
41961
60383
03387
60332
85001
38818
51805
16296
52468
28725
16572
33386
05269
12682
99533
91696
82790
23772
84387
00275
93654
34971
49106
74818
81250
51275
28225
13
10/26/09
9:48 PM
APPE NDIX B: Tables

(continued )
69348
66794
97809
59583
41546
51900
81788
92277
85653
02338
98289
43040
91202
25499
44437
19746
59846
92325
87820
46920
99378
66092
16834
34191
06004
21597
92532
73572
50501
85065
70925
07896
34925
48280
59894
52924
79860
46942
54238
83556
85762
14
Page 813
813
60336
43937
97656
03299
79626
85636
18039
08362
79556
92608
23982
09915
59037
42488
46764
03237
86591
38534
98782
46891
63175
01221
06486
68335
14367
15656
29068
82674
25835
96306
33300
78077
86273
45430
81482
01715
07408
24010
89303
05418
03574
47539
64337
60627
04142
27072
40055
05908
26695
69882
63003
55417
52667
94964
53458
25560
16275
38982
17668
03129
06177
36478
16268
32534
67006
97901
62247
61657
93017
63282
61582
87288
13564
86355
07100
55758
07785
65651
12143
65648
15387
17075
12293
28395
69927
34136
31204
90816
14972
65680
59089
33941
92063
92237
76020
11977
46609
16764
12856
27698
02753
14186
76123
79180
36692
17349
90053
43772
26445
25786
21942
26759
79924
02510
32989
53412
66227
98204
14827
00821
50842
97526
40202
88298
89534
39560
29789
54990
18611
86367
25651
26113
74014
09013
38358
63863
23235
80703
43834
43092
35275
90183
76036
12918
85205
71899
47348
21216
83325
99447
64708
07832
22478
11951
35071
70426
86654
04098
57306
36600
49199
86537
41001
15475
20203
98442
88428
68645
00533
41574
73373
34648
99704
75647
70959
73571
55543
78406
43716
62738
10
12535
95434
18534
08303
85076
34327
35398
17639
88732
88022
37543
76310
79725
80799
53203
06216
97548
19636
11
12133
98227
03862
56613
72811
15152
58408
82163
09443
56148
11601
88717
93872
76536
18098
95787
04379
51132
12
14645
21824
78095
91511
22717
55230
13261
60859
82558
34925
35503
37890
28117
71255
47625
42579
46370
25739
13
23541
19585
50136
75928
50585
93448
47908
75567
05250
57031
85171
40129
19233
64239
88684
90730
28672
56947
14
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Source: Abridged from W. H. Beyer (ed.). CRC Standard Mathematical Tables 24th edition (Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Company), 1976. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Column
(continued)
Random
Numbers
814
Row
Table I
Page 814
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 815
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table II
815
Binomial Probabilities
p(x)
.4
.3
.2
2
p(x)
.1
x=0
x
0
9 10
Tabulated values are a p(x). (Computations are rounded at the third decimal place.)
x=0
a. n 5
p
k
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
.951
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
.774
.977
.999
1.000
1.000
.590
.919
.991
1.000
1.000
.328
.737
.942
.993
1.000
.168
.528
.837
.969
.998
.078
.337
.683
.913
.990
.031
.188
.500
.812
.969
.010
.087
.317
.663
.922
.002
.031
.163
.472
.832
.000
.007
.058
.263
.672
.000
.000
.009
.081
.410
.000
.000
.001
.023
.226
.000
.000
.000
.001
.049
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
0
1
2
3
4
5
.941
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.735
.967
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
.531
.886
.984
.999
1.000
1.000
.262
.655
.901
.983
.998
1.000
.118
.420
.744
.930
.989
.999
.047
.233
.544
.821
.959
.996
.016
.109
.344
.656
.891
.984
.004
.041
.179
.456
.767
.953
.001
.011
.070
.256
.580
.882
.000
.002
.017
.099
.345
.738
.000
.000
.001
.016
.114
.469
.000
.000
.000
.002
.033
.265
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.059
c. n 7
p
k
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
.932
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.698
.956
.996
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.478
.850
.974
.997
1.000
1.000
1.000
.210
.577
.852
.967
.995
1.000
1.000
.082
.329
.647
.874
.971
.996
1.000
.028
.159
.420
.710
.904
.981
.998
.008
.063
.227
.500
.773
.937
.992
.002
.019
.096
.290
.580
.841
.972
.000
.004
.029
.126
.353
.671
.918
.000
.000
.005
.033
.148
.423
.790
.000
.000
.000
.003
.026
.150
.522
.000
.000
.000
.000
.004
.044
.302
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.068
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
.923
.997
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.663
.943
.994
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.430
.813
.962
.995
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.168
.503
.797
.944
.990
.999
1.000
1.000
.058
.255
.552
.806
.942
.989
.999
1.000
.017
.106
.315
.594
.826
.950
.991
.999
.004
.035
.145
.363
.637
.855
.965
.996
.001
.009
.050
.174
.406
.685
.894
.983
.000
.001
.011
.058
.194
.448
.745
.942
.000
.000
.001
.010
.056
.203
.497
.832
.000
.000
.000
.000
.005
.038
.187
.570
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.006
.057
.337
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.003
.077
0
1
2
3
4
b. n 6
p
k
d. n 8
p
k
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(continued )
816
Table II
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 816
(continued)
e. n 9
p
k
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
.914
.997
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.630
.929
.992
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.387
.775
.947
.992
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.134
.436
.738
.914
.980
.997
1.000
1.000
1.000
.040
.196
.463
.730
.901
.975
.996
1.000
1.000
.010
.071
.232
.483
.733
.901
.975
.996
1.000
.002
.020
.090
.254
.500
.746
.910
.980
.998
.000
.004
.025
.099
.267
.517
.768
.929
.990
.000
.000
.004
.025
.099
.270
.537
.804
.960
.000
.000
.000
.003
.020
.086
.262
.564
.866
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.008
.053
.225
.613
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.008
.071
.370
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.003
.086
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
.904
.996
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.599
.914
.988
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.349
.736
.930
.987
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.107
.376
.678
.879
.967
.994
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
.028
.149
.383
.650
.850
.953
.989
.998
1.000
1.000
.006
.046
.167
.382
.633
.834
.945
.988
.998
1.000
.001
.011
.055
.172
.377
.623
.828
.945
.989
.999
.000
.002
.012
.055
.166
.367
.618
.833
.954
.994
.000
.000
.002
.011
.047
.150
.350
.617
.851
.972
.000
.000
.000
.001
.006
.033
.121
.322
.624
.893
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.013
.070
.264
.651
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.012
.086
.401
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.004
.096
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
.860
.990
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.463
.829
.964
.995
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.206
.549
.816
.944
.987
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.035
.167
.398
.648
.838
.939
.982
.996
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.005
.035
.127
.297
.515
.722
.869
.950
.985
.996
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.005
.027
.091
.217
.403
.610
.787
.905
.966
.991
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.004
.018
.059
.151
.304
.500
.696
.849
.941
.982
.996
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.009
.034
.095
.213
.390
.597
.783
.909
.973
.995
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.004
.015
.050
.131
.278
.485
.703
.873
.965
.995
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.004
.018
.061
.164
.352
.602
.833
.965
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.013
.056
.184
.451
.794
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.005
.036
.171
.537
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.010
.140
f. n 10
p
k
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
g. n 15
p
k
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
(continued )
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 817
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table II
h. n 20
p
k
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
i. n 25
p
k
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
817
(continued)
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
.818
.983
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.358
.736
.925
.984
.997
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.122
.392
.677
.867
.957
.989
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.012
.069
.206
.411
.630
.804
.913
.968
.990
.997
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.001
.008
.035
.107
.238
.416
.608
.772
.887
.952
.983
.995
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.001
.004
.016
.051
.126
.250
.416
.596
.755
.872
.943
.979
.994
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.006
.021
.058
.132
.252
.412
.588
.748
.868
.942
.979
.994
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.006
.021
.057
.128
.245
.404
.584
.750
.874
.949
.984
.996
.999
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.005
.017
.048
.113
.228
.392
.584
.762
.893
.965
.992
.999
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.003
.010
.032
.087
.196
.370
.589
.794
.931
.988
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.011
.043
.133
.323
.608
.878
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.003
.016
.075
.264
.642
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.017
.182
.01
.05
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
.95
.99
.778
.974
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.277
.642
.873
.966
.993
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.072
.271
.537
.764
.902
.967
.991
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.004
.027
.098
.234
.421
.617
.780
.891
.953
.983
.994
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.002
.009
.033
.090
.193
.341
.512
.677
.811
.902
.956
.983
.994
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.009
.029
.074
.154
.274
.425
.586
.732
.846
.922
.966
.987
.996
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.007
.022
.054
.115
.212
.345
.500
.655
.788
.885
.946
.978
.993
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.004
.013
.034
.078
.154
.268
.414
.575
.726
.846
.926
.971
.991
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.006
.017
.044
.098
.189
.323
.488
.659
.807
.910
.967
.991
.998
1.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.006
.017
.047
.109
.220
.383
.579
.766
.902
.973
.996
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.009
.033
.098
.236
.463
.729
.928
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.007
.034
.127
.358
.723
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.026
.222
818
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 818
Table III
Poisson Probabilities
p(x)
.3
.2
.1
2
p(x)
x=0
x
2
Tabulated values are a p1x2. (Computations are rounded at the third decimal place.)
x=0
.02
.04
.06
.08
.10
.980
.961
.942
.923
.905
1.000
.999
.998
.997
.995
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.15
.20
.25
.30
.861
.819
.779
.741
.990
.982
.974
.963
.999
.999
.998
.996
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.35
.40
.45
.50
.705
.670
.638
.607
.951
.938
.925
.910
.994
.992
.989
.986
1.000
.999
.999
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
.55
.60
.65
.70
.75
.577
.549
.522
.497
.472
.894
.878
.861
.844
.827
.982
.977
.972
.966
.959
.998
.997
.996
.994
.993
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
.80
.85
.90
.95
1.00
.449
.427
.407
.387
.368
.809
.791
.772
.754
.736
.953
.945
.937
.929
.920
.991
.989
.987
.981
.981
.999
.998
.998
.997
.996
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
1.000
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
.333
.301
.273
.247
.223
.202
.183
.165
.150
.135
.111
.091
.074
.061
.050
.041
.033
.027
.022
.699
.663
.627
.592
.558
.525
.493
.463
.434
.406
.355
.308
.267
.231
.199
.171
.147
.126
.107
.900
.879
.857
.833
.809
.783
.757
.731
.704
.677
.623
.570
.518
.469
.423
.380
.340
.303
.269
.974
.966
.957
.946
.934
.921
.907
.891
.875
.857
.819
.779
.736
.692
.647
.603
.558
.515
.473
.995
.992
.989
.986
.981
.976
.970
.964
.956
.947
.928
.904
.877
.848
.815
.781
.744
.706
.668
.999
.998
.998
.997
.996
.994
.992
.990
.987
.983
.975
.964
.951
.935
.916
.895
.871
.844
.816
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.999
.998
.997
.997
.995
.993
.988
.983
.976
.966
.955
.942
.927
.909
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.999
.998
.997
.995
.992
.988
.983
.977
.969
.960
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.998
.996
.994
.992
.988
.984
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.998
.997
.996
.994
(continued )
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 819
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table III
k
l
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
819
(continued)
0
.018
.015
.012
.010
.008
.007
.006
.005
.004
.003
.002
.092
.078
.066
.056
.048
.040
.034
.029
.024
.021
.017
.238
.210
.185
.163
.143
.125
.109
.095
.082
.072
.062
.433
.395
.359
.326
.294
.265
.238
.213
.191
.170
.151
.629
.590
.551
.513
.476
.440
.406
.373
.342
.313
.285
.785
.753
.720
.686
.651
.616
.581
.546
.512
.478
.446
.889
.867
.844
.818
.791
.762
.732
.702
.670
.638
.606
.949
.936
.921
.905
.887
.867
.845
.822
.797
.771
.744
.979
.972
.964
.955
.944
.932
.918
.903
.886
.867
.847
.992
.989
.985
.980
.975
.968
.960
.951
.941
.929
.916
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.998
.997
.996
.994
.992
.990
.986
.982
.977
.972
.965
.957
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.999
.998
.997
.996
.995
.993
.990
.988
.984
.980
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.999
.998
.997
.996
.995
.993
.991
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.999
.998
.997
.996
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.999
1.000
1.000
.999
1.000
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7.0
.002
.002
.001
.001
.001
.015
.012
.010
.009
.007
.054
.046
.040
.034
.030
.134
.119
.105
.093
.082
.259
.235
.213
.192
.173
.414
.384
.355
.327
.301
.574
.542
.511
.480
.450
.716
.687
.658
.628
.599
.826
.803
.780
.755
.729
.902
.886
.869
.850
.830
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
.001
.001
.001
.000
.006
.005
.004
.004
.025
.022
.019
.016
.072
.063
.055
.048
.156
.140
.125
.112
.276
.253
.231
.210
.420
.392
.365
.338
.569
.539
.510
.481
.703
.676
.648
.620
.810
.788
.765
.741
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.003
.002
.001
.001
.000
.014
.009
.006
.004
.003
.042
.030
.021
.015
.010
.100
.074
.055
.040
.029
.191
.150
.116
.089
.067
.313
.256
.207
.165
.130
.453
.386
.324
.269
.220
.593
.523
.456
.392
.333
.717
.653
.587
.522
.458
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7.0
.949
.939
.927
.915
.901
.975
.969
.963
.955
.947
.989
.986
.982
.978
.973
.995
.994
.992
.990
.987
.998
.997
.997
.996
.994
.999
.999
.999
.998
.998
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
.887
.871
.854
.835
.937
.926
.915
.902
.967
.961
.954
.945
.984
.980
.976
.971
.993
.991
.989
.986
.997
.996
.995
.993
.999
.998
.998
.997
.999
.999
.999
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
(continued )
820
9:48 PM
Page 820
Table III
l
10/26/09
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
(continued)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
.816
.763
.706
.645
.583
.888
.849
.803
.752
.697
.936
.909
.876
.836
.792
.966
.949
.926
.898
.864
.983
.973
.959
.940
.917
.992
.986
.978
.967
.951
.996
.993
.989
.982
.973
.998
.997
.995
.991
.986
.999
.999
.998
.996
.993
1.000
.999
.999
.998
.997
20
21
22
1.000
1.000
.999
.998
1.000
.999
1.000
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.001
.001
.001
.000
.007
.005
.003
.002
.002
.021
.015
.011
.008
.005
.050
.038
.028
.020
.015
.102
.079
.060
.046
.035
.179
.143
.114
.090
.070
.279
.232
.191
.155
.125
.397
.341
.289
.242
.201
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.004
.003
.002
.001
.001
.011
.008
.006
.004
.003
.026
.019
.014
.010
.008
.054
.041
.032
.024
.018
.100
.079
.062
.048
.037
.166
.135
.109
.088
.070
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
.521
.460
.402
.347
.297
.639
.579
.520
.462
.406
.742
.689
.633
.576
.519
.825
.781
.733
.682
.628
.888
.854
.815
.772
.725
.932
.907
.878
.844
.806
.960
.944
.924
.899
.869
.978
.968
.954
.937
.916
.988
.982
.974
.963
.948
.994
.991
.986
.979
.969
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
.252
.211
.176
.145
.118
.353
.304
.260
.220
.185
.463
.409
.358
.311
.268
.573
.518
.464
.413
.363
.675
.623
.570
.518
.466
.764
.718
.669
.619
.568
.835
.798
.756
.711
.664
.890
.861
.827
.790
.749
.930
.908
.883
.853
.819
.957
.942
.923
.901
.875
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
.997
.995
.992
.988
.983
.999
.998
.996
.994
.991
.999
.999
.998
.987
.995
1.000
1.000
.999
.999
.998
1.000
.999
.999
1.000
.999
1.000
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
.975
.965
.952
.936
.917
.986
.980
.971
.960
.947
.992
.989
.983
.976
.967
.996
.994
.991
.986
.981
.998
.997
.995
.992
.989
.999
.998
.997
.996
.994
1.000
.999
.999
.998
.997
1.000
.999
.999
.998
1.000
.999
.999
1.000
1.000
(continued )
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 821
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table III
k
821
(continued)
4
10
11
12
13
16
17
18
19
20
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.004
.002
.001
.001
.000
.010
.005
.003
.002
.001
.022
.013
.007
.004
.002
.043
.026
.015
.009
.005
.077
.049
.030
.018
.011
.127
.085
.055
.035
.021
.193
.135
.092
.061
.039
.275
.201
.143
.098
.066
21
22
23
24
25
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.003
.002
.001
.000
.000
.006
.004
.002
.001
.001
.013
.008
.004
.003
.001
.025
.015
.009
.005
.003
.043
.028
.017
.011
.006
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
16
17
18
19
20
.368
.281
.208
.150
.105
.467
.371
.287
.215
.157
.566
.468
.375
.292
.221
.659
.564
.469
.378
.297
.742
.655
.562
.469
.381
.812
.736
.651
.561
.470
.868
.805
.731
.647
.559
.911
.861
.799
.725
.644
.942
.905
.855
.793
.721
.963
.937
.899
.849
.787
21
22
23
24
25
.072
.048
.031
.020
.012
.111
.077
.052
.034
.022
.163
.117
.082
.056
.038
.227
.169
.123
.087
.060
.302
.232
.175
.128
.092
.384
.306
.238
.180
.134
.471
.387
.310
.243
.185
.558
.472
.389
.314
.247
.640
.556
.472
.392
.318
.716
.637
.555
.473
.394
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
16
17
18
19
20
.978
.959
.932
.893
.843
.987
.975
.955
.927
.888
.993
.985
.972
.951
.922
.996
.991
.983
.969
.948
.998
.995
.990
.980
.966
.999
.997
.994
.988
.978
.999
.999
.997
.993
.987
1.000
.999
.998
.996
.992
1.000
.999
.998
.995
1.000
.999
.997
21
22
23
24
25
.782
.712
.635
.554
.473
.838
.777
.708
.632
.553
.883
.832
.772
.704
.629
.917
.877
.827
.768
.700
.944
.913
.873
.823
.763
.963
.940
.908
.868
.818
.976
.959
.936
.904
.863
.985
.973
.956
.932
.900
.991
.983
.971
.953
.929
.994
.989
.981
.969
.950
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
.999
.999
.997
.994
.988
.979
.966
1.000
.999
.998
.996
.993
.987
.978
1.000
.999
.998
.996
.992
.985
.999
.999
.997
.995
.991
1.000
.999
.999
.997
.991
1.000
.999
.998
.997
1.000
.999
.998
.999
.999
1.000
.999
1.000
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
822
Table IV
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 822
Normal Curve Areas
.00
.01
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.0000
.0398
.0793
.1179
.1554
.1915
.0040
.0438
.0832
.1217
.1591
.1950
.0080
.0478
.0871
.1255
.1628
.1985
.0120
.0517
.0910
.1293
.1664
.2019
.0160
.0557
.0948
.1331
.1700
.2054
.0199
.0596
.0987
.1368
.1736
.2088
.0239
.0636
.1026
.1406
.1772
.2123
.0279
.0675
.1064
.1443
.1808
.2157
.0319
.0714
.1103
.1480
.1844
.2190
.0359
.0753
.1141
.1517
.1879
.2224
.6
.7
.8
.9
1.0
.2257
.2580
.2881
.3159
.3413
.2291
.2611
.2910
.3186
.3438
.2324
.2642
.2939
.3212
.3461
.2357
.2673
.2967
.3238
.3485
.2389
.2704
.2995
.3264
.3508
.2422
.2734
.3023
.3289
.3531
.2454
.2764
.3051
.3315
.3554
.2486
.2794
.3078
.3340
.3577
.2517
.2823
.3106
.3365
.3599
.2549
.2852
.3133
.3389
.3621
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
.3643
.3849
.4032
.4192
.4332
.3665
.3869
.4049
.4207
.4345
.3686
.3888
.4066
.4222
.4357
.3708
.3907
.4082
.4236
.4370
.3729
.3925
.4099
.4251
.4382
.3749
.3944
.4115
.4265
.4394
.3770
.3962
.4131
.4279
.4406
.3790
.3980
.4147
.4292
.4418
.3810
.3997
.4162
.4306
.4429
.3830
.4015
.4177
.4319
.4441
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
.4452
.4554
.4641
.4713
.4772
.4463
.4564
.4649
.4719
.4778
.4474
.4573
.4656
.4726
.4783
.4484
.4582
.4664
.4732
.4788
.4495
.4591
.4671
.4738
.4793
.4505
.4599
.4678
.4744
.4798
.4515
.4608
.4686
.4750
.4803
.4525
.4616
.4693
.4756
.4808
.4535
.4625
.4699
.4761
.4812
.4545
.4633
.4706
.4767
.4817
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
.4821
.4861
.4893
.4918
.4938
.4826
.4864
.4896
.4920
.4940
.4830
.4868
.4898
.4922
.4941
.4834
.4871
.4901
.4925
.4943
.4838
.4875
.4904
.4927
.4945
.4842
.4878
.4906
.4929
.4946
.4846
.4881
.4909
.4931
.4948
.4850
.4884
.4911
.4932
.4949
.4854
.4887
.4913
.4934
.4951
.4857
.4890
.4916
.4936
.4952
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
.4953
.4965
.4974
.4981
.4987
.4955
.4966
.4975
.4982
.4987
.4956
.4967
.4976
.4982
.4987
.4957
.4968
.4977
.4983
.4988
.4959
.4969
.4977
.4984
.4988
.4960
.4970
.4978
.4984
.4989
.4961
.4971
.4979
.4985
.4989
.4962
.4972
.4979
.4985
.4989
.4963
.4973
.4980
.4986
.4990
.4964
.4974
.4981
.4986
.4990
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
.49903
.49931
.49952
.49966
.49977
.49906
.49934
.49953
.49968
.49978
.49910
.49936
.49955
.49969
.49978
.49913
.49938
.49957
.49970
.49979
.49916
.49940
.49958
.49971
.49980
.49918
.49942
.49960
.49972
.49981
.49921
.49944
.49961
.49973
.49981
.49924
.49946
.49962
.49974
.49982
.49926
.49948
.49964
.49975
.49983
.48829
.49950
.49965
.49976
.49983
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
.49984
.49989
.49993
.49995
.49985
.49990
.49993
.49995
.49985
.49990
.49993
.49996
.49986
.49990
.49994
.49996
.49986
.49991
.49994
.49996
.49987
.49991
.49994
.49996
.49987
.49992
.49994
.49996
.49988
.49992
.49995
.49996
.49988
.49992
.49995
.49997
.49989
.49992
.49995
.49997
Source: Abridged from Table I of A. Hald. Statistical Tables and Formulas (New York: Wiley), 1952. Reproduced by permission of A. Hald.
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 823
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table V
823
Critical Values of t
f(t)
t
0
Degrees of
Freedom
t.100
t.050
t.025
t.010
t.005
t.001
t.0005
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.310
1.303
1.296
1.289
1.282
6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
1.725
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711
1.708
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.697
1.684
1.671
1.658
1.645
12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131
2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093
2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
2.042
2.021
2.000
1.980
1.960
31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539
2.528
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.485
2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.457
2.423
2.390
2.358
2.326
63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.750
2.704
2.660
2.617
2.576
318.31
22.326
10.213
7.173
5.893
5.208
4.785
4.501
4.297
4.144
4.025
3.930
3.852
3.787
3.733
3.686
3.646
3.610
3.579
3.552
3.527
3.505
3.485
3.467
3.450
3.435
3.421
3.408
3.396
3.385
3.307
3.232
3.160
3.090
636.62
31.598
12.924
8.610
6.869
5.959
5.408
5.041
4.781
4.587
4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140
4.073
4.015
3.965
3.922
3.883
3.850
3.819
3.792
3.767
3.745
3.725
3.707
3.690
3.674
3.659
3.646
3.551
3.460
3.373
3.291
Source: This table is reproduced with the kind permission of the Trustees of Biometrika from E. S. Pearson and H. O. Hartley (eds.). The Biometrika Tables for Statisticians,
Vol. 1, 3rd ed., Biometrika, 1966.
824
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 824
Table VI
Critical Values of X 2
f(2 )
Degrees of
Freedom
x2.995
x2.990
x2.975
x2.950
x2.900
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
.0000393
.0100251
.0717212
.206990
.411740
.675727
.989265
1.344419
1.734926
2.15585
2.60321
3.07382
3.56503
4.07468
4.60094
5.14224
5.69724
6.26481
6.84398
7.43386
8.03366
8.64272
9.26042
9.88623
10.5197
11.1603
11.8076
12.4613
13.1211
13.7867
20.7065
27.9907
35.5346
43.2752
51.1720
59.1963
67.3276
.0001571
.0201007
.114832
.297110
.554300
.872085
1.239043
1.646482
2.087912
2.55821
3.05347
3.57056
4.10691
4.66043
5.22935
5.81221
6.40776
7.01491
7.63273
8.26040
8.89720
9.54249
10.19567
10.8564
11.5240
12.1981
12.8786
13.5648
14.2565
14.9535
22.1643
29.7067
37.4848
45.4418
53.5400
61.7541
70.0648
.0009821
.0506356
.215795
.484419
.831211
1.237347
1.68987
2.17973
2.70039
3.24697
3.81575
4.40379
5.00874
5.62872
6.26214
6.90766
7.56418
8.23075
8.90655
9.59083
10.28293
10.9823
11.6885
12.4011
13.1197
13.8439
14.5733
15.3079
16.0471
16.7908
24.4331
32.3574
40.4817
48.7576
57.1532
65.6466
74.2219
.0039321
.102587
.351846
.710721
1.145476
1.63539
2.16735
2.73264
3.32511
3.94030
4.57481
5.22603
5.89186
6.57063
7.26094
7.96164
8.67176
9.39046
10.1170
10.8508
11.5913
12.3380
13.0905
13.8484
14.6114
15.3791
16.1513
16.9279
17.7083
18.4926
26.5093
34.7642
43.1879
51.7393
60.3915
69.1260
77.9295
.0157908
.210720
.584375
1.063623
1.61031
2.20413
2.83311
3.48954
4.16816
4.86518
5.57779
6.30380
7.04150
7.78953
8.54675
9.31223
10.0852
10.8649
11.6509
12.4426
13.2396
14.0415
14.8479
15.6587
16.4734
17.2919
18.1138
18.9392
19.7677
20.5992
29.0505
37.6886
46.4589
55.3290
64.2778
73.2912
82.3581
(continued )
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 825
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table VI
(continued)
Degrees of
Freedom
x2.100
x2.050
x2.025
x2.010
x2.005
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2.70554
4.60517
6.25139
7.77944
9.23635
10.6446
12.0170
13.3616
14.6837
15.9871
17.2750
18.5494
19.8119
21.0642
22.3072
23.5418
24.7690
25.9894
27.2036
28.4120
29.6151
30.8133
32.0069
33.1963
34.3816
35.5631
36.7412
37.9159
39.0875
40.2560
51.8050
63.1671
74.3970
85.5271
96.5782
107.565
118.498
3.84146
5.99147
7.81473
9.48773
11.0705
12.5916
14.0671
15.5073
16.9190
18.3070
19.6751
21.0261
22.3621
23.6848
24.9958
26.2962
27.5871
28.8693
30.1435
31.4104
32.6705
33.9244
35.1725
36.4151
37.6525
38.8852
40.1133
41.3372
42.5569
43.7729
55.7585
67.5048
79.0819
90.5312
101.879
113.145
124.342
5.02389
7.37776
9.34840
11.1433
12.8325
14.4494
16.0128
17.5346
19.0228
20.4831
21.9200
23.3367
24.7356
26.1190
27.4884
28.8454
30.1910
31.5264
32.8523
34.1696
35.4789
36.7807
38.0757
39.3641
40.6465
41.9232
43.1944
44.4607
45.7222
46.9792
59.3417
71.4202
83.2976
95.0231
106.629
118.136
129.561
6.63490
9.21034
11.3449
13.2767
15.0863
16.8119
18.4753
20.0902
21.6660
23.2093
24.7250
26.2170
27.6883
29.1413
30.5779
31.9999
33.4087
34.8053
36.1908
37.5662
38.9321
40.2894
41.6384
42.9798
44.3141
45.6417
46.9630
48.2782
49.5879
50.8922
63.6907
76.1539
88.3794
100.425
112.329
124.116
135.807
7.87944
10.5966
12.8381
14.8602
16.7496
18.5476
20.2777
21.9550
23.5893
25.1882
26.7569
28.2995
29.8194
31.3193
32.8013
34.2672
35.7185
37.1564
38.5822
39.9968
41.4010
42.7956
44.1813
45.5585
46.9278
48.2899
49.6449
50.9933
52.3356
53.6720
66.7659
79.4900
91.9517
104.215
116.321
128.299
140.169
Source: From Thompson, C. M. Tables of the percentage points of the x2-distribution, Biometrika, 1941, 32, 188189. Reproduced by permission of
the Biometrika Trustees.
825
826
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 826
Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, A .10
Table VII
f(F )
= .10
0
F.10
Numerator Degrees of Freedom
n1
Denominator Degrees of Freedom
n2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
39.86
8.53
5.54
4.54
4.06
3.78
3.59
3.46
3.36
3.29
3.23
3.18
3.14
3.10
3.07
3.05
3.03
3.01
2.99
2.97
2.96
2.95
2.94
2.93
2.92
2.91
2.90
2.89
2.89
2.88
2.84
2.79
2.75
2.71
49.50
9.00
5.46
4.32
3.78
3.46
3.26
3.11
3.01
2.92
2.86
2.81
2.76
2.73
2.70
2.67
2.64
2.62
2.61
2.59
2.57
2.56
2.55
2.54
2.53
2.52
2.51
2.50
2.50
2.49
2.44
2.39
2.35
2.30
53.59
9.16
5.39
4.19
3.62
3.29
3.07
2.92
2.81
2.73
2.66
2.61
2.56
2.52
2.49
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
2.38
2.36
2.35
2.34
2.33
2.32
2.31
2.30
2.29
2.28
2.28
2.23
2.18
2.13
2.08
55.83
9.24
5.34
4.11
3.52
3.18
2.96
2.81
2.69
2.61
2.54
2.48
2.43
2.39
2.36
2.33
2.31
2.29
2.27
2.25
2.23
2.22
2.21
2.19
2.18
2.17
2.17
2.16
2.15
2.14
2.09
2.04
1.99
1.94
57.24
9.29
5.31
4.05
3.45
3.11
2.88
2.73
2.61
2.52
2.45
2.39
2.35
2.31
2.27
2.24
2.22
2.20
2.18
2.16
2.14
2.13
2.11
2.10
2.09
2.08
2.07
2.06
2.06
2.05
2.00
1.95
1.90
1.85
58.20
9.33
5.28
4.01
3.40
3.05
2.83
2.67
2.55
2.46
2.39
2.33
2.28
2.24
2.21
2.18
2.15
2.13
2.11
2.09
2.08
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.02
2.01
2.00
2.00
1.99
1.98
1.93
1.87
1.82
1.77
58.91
9.35
5.27
3.98
3.37
3.01
2.78
2.62
2.51
2.41
2.34
2.28
2.23
2.19
2.16
2.13
2.10
2.08
2.06
2.04
2.02
2.01
1.99
1.98
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.93
1.87
1.82
1.77
1.72
59.44
9.37
5.25
3.95
3.34
2.98
2.75
2.59
2.47
2.38
2.30
2.24
2.20
2.15
2.12
2.09
2.06
2.04
2.02
2.00
1.98
1.97
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.83
1.77
1.72
1.67
59.86
9.38
5.24
3.94
3.32
2.96
2.72
2.56
2.44
2.35
2.27
2.21
2.16
2.12
2.09
2.06
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.95
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88
1.87
1.87
1.86
1.85
1.79
1.74
1.68
1.63
(continued )
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 827
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table VII
(continued)
n1
n2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
827
10
12
15
20
24
30
40
60
120
60.19
9.39
5.23
3.92
3.30
2.94
2.70
2.54
2.42
2.32
2.25
2.19
2.14
2.10
2.06
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.94
1.92
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.87
1.86
1.85
1.84
1.83
1.82
1.76
1.71
1.65
1.60
60.71
9.41
5.22
3.90
3.27
2.90
2.67
2.50
2.38
2.28
2.21
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.02
1.99
1.96
1.93
1.91
1.89
1.87
1.86
1.84
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.80
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.71
1.66
1.60
1.55
61.22
9.42
5.20
3.87
3.24
2.87
2.63
2.46
2.34
2.24
2.17
2.10
2.05
2.01
1.97
1.94
1.91
1.89
1.86
1.84
1.83
1.81
1.80
1.78
1.77
1.76
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.66
1.60
1.55
1.49
61.74
9.44
5.18
3.84
3.21
2.84
2.59
2.42
2.30
2.20
2.12
2.06
2.01
1.96
1.92
1.89
1.86
1.84
1.81
1.79
1.78
1.76
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.71
1.70
1.69
1.68
1.67
1.61
1.54
1.48
1.42
62.00
9.45
5.18
3.83
3.19
2.82
2.58
2.40
2.28
2.18
2.10
2.04
1.98
1.94
1.90
1.87
1.84
1.81
1.79
1.77
1.75
1.73
1.72
1.70
1.69
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.64
1.57
1.51
1.45
1.38
62.26
9.46
5.17
3.82
3.17
2.80
2.56
2.38
2.25
2.16
2.08
2.01
1.96
1.91
1.87
1.84
1.81
1.78
1.76
1.74
1.72
1.70
1.69
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.62
1.61
1.54
1.48
1.41
1.34
62.53
9.47
5.16
3.80
3.16
2.78
2.54
2.36
2.23
2.13
2.05
1.99
1.93
1.89
1.85
1.81
1.78
1.75
1.73
1.71
1.69
1.67
1.66
1.64
1.63
1.61
1.60
1.59
1.58
1.57
1.51
1.44
1.37
1.30
62.79
9.47
5.15
3.79
3.14
2.76
2.51
2.34
2.21
2.11
2.03
1.96
1.90
1.86
1.82
1.78
1.75
1.72
1.70
1.68
1.66
1.64
1.62
1.61
1.59
1.58
1.57
1.56
1.55
1.54
1.47
1.40
1.32
1.24
63.06
9.48
5.14
3.78
3.12
2.74
2.49
2.32
2.18
2.08
2.00
1.93
1.88
1.83
1.79
1.75
1.72
1.69
1.67
1.64
1.62
1.60
1.59
1.57
1.56
1.54
1.53
1.52
1.51
1.50
1.42
1.35
1.26
1.17
63.33
9.49
5.13
3.76
3.10
2.72
2.47
2.29
2.16
2.06
1.97
1.90
1.85
1.80
1.76
1.72
1.69
1.66
1.63
1.61
1.59
1.57
1.55
1.53
1.52
1.50
1.49
1.48
1.47
1.46
1.38
1.29
1.19
1.00
Source: From Merrington, M., and Thompson, C. M. Tables of percentage points of the inverted beta (F)-distribution, Biometrika, 1943, 33, 7388. Reproduced by permission
of the Biometrika Trustees.
828
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 828
Table VIII
f(F )
= .05
F
F.05
n1
n2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
161.4
18.51
10.13
7.71
6.61
5.99
5.59
5.32
5.12
4.96
4.84
4.75
4.67
4.60
4.54
4.49
4.45
4.41
4.38
4.35
4.32
4.30
4.28
4.26
4.24
4.23
4.21
4.20
4.18
4.17
4.08
4.00
3.92
3.84
199.5
19.00
9.55
6.94
5.79
5.14
4.74
4.46
4.26
4.10
3.98
3.89
3.81
3.74
3.68
3.63
3.59
3.55
3.52
3.49
3.47
3.44
3.42
3.40
3.39
3.37
3.35
3.34
3.33
3.32
3.23
3.15
3.07
3.00
215.7
19.16
9.28
6.59
5.41
4.76
4.35
4.07
3.86
3.71
3.59
3.49
3.41
3.34
3.29
3.24
3.20
3.16
3.13
3.10
3.07
3.05
3.03
3.01
2.99
2.98
2.96
2.95
2.93
2.92
2.84
2.76
2.68
2.60
224.6
19.25
9.12
6.39
5.19
4.53
4.12
3.84
3.63
3.48
3.36
3.26
3.18
3.11
3.06
3.01
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.87
2.84
2.82
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.74
2.73
2.71
2.70
2.69
2.61
2.53
2.45
2.37
230.2
19.30
9.01
6.26
5.05
4.39
3.97
3.69
3.48
3.33
3.20
3.11
3.03
2.96
2.90
2.85
2.81
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.68
2.66
2.64
2.62
2.60
2.59
2.57
2.56
2.55
2.53
2.45
2.37
2.29
2.21
234.0
19.33
8.94
6.16
4.95
4.28
3.87
3.58
3.37
3.22
3.09
3.00
2.92
2.85
2.79
2.74
2.70
2.66
2.63
2.60
2.57
2.55
2.53
2.51
2.49
2.47
2.46
2.45
2.43
2.42
2.34
2.25
2.17
2.10
236.8
19.35
8.89
6.09
4.88
4.21
3.79
3.50
3.29
3.14
3.01
2.91
2.83
2.76
2.71
2.66
2.61
2.58
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
2.39
2.37
2.36
2.35
2.33
2.25
2.17
2.09
2.01
238.9
19.37
8.85
6.04
4.82
4.15
3.73
3.44
3.23
3.07
2.95
2.85
2.77
2.70
2.64
2.59
2.55
2.51
2.48
2.45
2.42
2.40
2.37
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.31
2.29
2.28
2.27
2.18
2.10
2.02
1.94
240.5
19.38
8.81
6.00
4.77
4.10
3.68
3.39
3.18
3.02
2.90
2.80
2.71
2.65
2.59
2.54
2.49
2.46
2.42
2.39
2.37
2.34
2.32
2.30
2.28
2.77
2.25
2.24
2.22
2.21
2.12
2.04
1.96
1.88
(continued )
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 829
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table VIII
(continued)
n1
n2
10
12
15
20
24
30
40
60
120
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
241.9
19.40
8.79
5.96
4.74
4.06
3.64
3.35
3.14
2.98
2.85
2.75
2.67
2.60
2.54
2.49
2.45
2.41
2.38
2.35
2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.24
2.22
2.20
2.19
2.18
2.16
2.08
1.99
1.91
1.83
243.9
19.41
8.74
5.91
4.68
4.00
3.57
3.28
3.07
2.91
2.79
2.69
2.60
2.53
2.48
2.42
2.38
2.34
2.31
2.28
2.25
2.23
2.20
2.18
2.16
2.15
2.13
2.12
2.10
2.09
2.00
1.92
1.83
1.75
245.9
19.43
8.70
5.86
4.62
3.94
3.51
3.22
3.01
2.85
2.72
2.62
2.53
2.46
2.40
2.35
2.31
2.27
2.23
2.20
2.18
2.15
2.13
2.11
2.09
2.07
2.06
2.04
2.03
2.01
1.92
1.84
1.75
1.67
248.0
19.45
8.66
5.80
4.56
3.87
3.44
3.15
2.94
2.77
2.65
2.54
2.46
2.39
2.33
2.28
2.23
2.19
2.16
2.12
2.10
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.01
1.99
1.97
1.96
1.94
1.93
1.84
1.75
1.66
1.57
249.1
19.45
8.64
5.77
4.53
3.84
3.41
3.12
2.90
2.74
2.61
2.51
2.42
2.35
2.29
2.24
2.19
2.15
2.11
2.08
2.05
2.03
2.01
1.98
1.96
1.95
1.93
1.91
1.90
1.89
1.79
1.70
1.61
1.52
250.1
19.46
8.62
5.75
4.50
3.81
3.38
3.08
2.86
2.70
2.57
2.47
2.38
2.31
2.25
2.19
2.15
2.11
2.07
2.04
2.01
1.98
1.96
1.94
1.92
1.90
1.88
1.87
1.85
1.84
1.74
1.65
1.55
1.46
251.1
19.47
8.59
5.72
4.46
3.77
3.34
3.04
2.83
2.66
2.53
2.43
2.34
2.27
2.20
2.15
2.10
2.06
2.03
1.99
1.96
1.94
1.91
1.89
1.87
1.85
1.84
1.82
1.81
1.79
1.69
1.59
1.50
1.39
252.2
19.48
8.57
5.69
4.43
3.74
3.30
3.01
2.79
2.62
2.49
2.38
2.30
2.22
2.16
2.11
2.06
2.02
1.98
1.95
1.92
1.89
1.86
1.84
1.82
1.80
1.79
1.77
1.75
1.74
1.64
1.53
1.43
1.32
253.3
19.49
8.55
5.66
4.40
3.70
3.27
2.97
2.75
2.58
2.45
2.34
2.25
2.18
2.11
2.06
2.01
1.97
1.93
1.90
1.87
1.84
1.81
1.79
1.77
1.75
1.73
1.71
1.70
1.68
1.58
1.47
1.35
1.22
254.3
19.50
8.53
5.63
4.36
3.67
3.23
2.93
2.71
2.54
2.40
2.30
2.21
2.13
2.07
2.01
1.96
1.92
1.88
1.84
1.81
1.78
1.76
1.73
1.71
1.69
1.67
1.65
1.64
1.62
1.51
1.39
1.25
1.00
829
830
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 830
Table IX
f(F )
= .025
0
F.025
n1
n2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
647.8
38.51
17.44
12.22
10.01
8.81
8.07
7.57
7.21
6.94
6.72
6.55
6.41
6.30
6.20
6.12
6.04
5.98
5.92
5.87
5.83
5.79
5.75
5.72
5.69
5.66
5.63
5.61
5.59
5.57
5.42
5.29
5.15
5.02
799.5
39.00
16.04
10.65
8.43
7.26
6.54
6.06
5.71
5.46
5.26
5.10
4.97
4.86
4.77
4.69
4.62
4.56
4.51
4.46
4.42
4.38
4.35
4.32
4.29
4.27
4.24
4.22
4.20
4.18
4.05
3.93
3.80
3.69
864.2
39.17
15.44
9.98
7.76
6.60
5.89
5.42
5.08
4.83
4.63
4.47
4.35
4.24
4.15
4.08
4.01
3.95
3.90
3.86
3.82
3.78
3.75
3.72
3.69
3.67
3.65
3.63
3.61
3.59
3.46
3.34
3.23
3.12
899.6
39.25
15.10
9.60
7.39
6.23
5.52
5.05
4.72
4.47
4.28
4.12
4.00
3.89
3.80
3.73
3.66
3.61
3.56
3.51
3.48
3.44
3.41
3.38
3.35
3.33
3.31
3.29
3.27
3.25
3.13
3.01
2.89
2.79
921.8
39.30
14.88
9.36
7.15
5.99
5.29
4.82
4.48
4.24
4.04
3.89
3.77
3.66
3.58
3.50
3.44
3.38
3.33
3.29
3.25
3.22
3.18
3.15
3.13
3.10
3.08
3.06
3.04
3.03
2.90
2.79
2.67
2.57
937.1
39.33
14.73
9.20
6.98
5.82
5.12
4.65
4.32
4.07
3.88
3.73
3.60
3.50
3.41
3.34
3.28
3.22
3.17
3.13
3.09
3.05
3.02
2.99
2.97
2.94
2.92
2.90
2.88
2.87
2.74
2.63
2.52
2.41
948.2
39.36
14.62
9.07
6.85
5.70
4.99
4.53
4.20
3.95
3.76
3.61
3.48
3.38
3.29
3.22
3.16
3.10
3.05
3.01
2.97
2.93
2.90
2.87
2.85
2.82
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.75
2.62
2.51
2.39
2.29
956.7
39.37
14.54
8.98
6.76
5.60
4.90
4.43
4.10
3.85
3.66
3.51
3.39
3.29
3.20
3.12
3.06
3.01
2.96
2.91
2.87
2.84
2.81
2.78
2.75
2.73
2.71
2.69
2.67
2.65
2.53
2.41
2.30
2.19
963.3
39.39
14.47
8.90
6.68
5.52
4.82
4.36
4.03
3.78
3.59
3.44
3.31
3.21
3.12
3.05
2.98
2.93
2.88
2.84
2.80
2.76
2.73
2.70
2.68
2.65
2.63
2.61
2.59
2.57
2.45
2.33
2.22
2.11
(continued )
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 831
831
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table IX
(continued)
n1
n2
10
12
15
20
24
30
40
60
120
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
968.6
39.40
14.42
8.84
6.62
5.46
4.76
4.30
3.96
3.72
3.53
3.37
3.25
3.15
3.06
2.99
2.92
2.87
2.82
2.77
2.73
2.70
2.67
2.64
2.61
2.59
2.57
2.55
2.53
2.51
2.39
2.27
2.16
2.05
976.7
39.41
14.34
8.75
6.52
5.37
4.67
4.20
3.87
3.62
3.43
3.28
3.15
3.05
2.96
2.89
2.82
2.77
2.72
2.68
2.64
2.60
2.57
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.47
2.45
2.43
2.41
2.29
2.17
2.05
1.94
984.9
39.43
14.25
8.66
6.43
5.27
4.57
4.10
3.77
3.52
3.33
3.18
3.05
2.95
2.86
2.79
2.72
2.67
2.62
2.57
2.53
2.50
2.47
2.44
2.41
2.39
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.31
2.18
2.06
1.94
1.83
993.1
39.45
14.17
8.56
6.33
5.17
4.47
4.00
3.67
3.42
3.23
3.07
2.95
2.84
2.76
2.68
2.62
2.56
2.51
2.46
2.42
2.39
2.36
2.33
2.30
2.28
2.25
2.23
2.21
2.20
2.07
1.94
1.82
1.71
997.2
39.46
14.12
8.51
6.28
5.12
4.42
3.95
3.61
3.37
3.17
3.02
2.89
2.79
2.70
2.63
2.56
2.50
2.45
2.41
2.37
2.33
2.30
2.27
2.24
2.22
2.19
2.17
2.15
2.14
2.01
1.88
1.76
1.64
1,001
39.46
14.08
8.46
6.23
5.07
4.36
3.89
3.56
3.31
3.12
2.96
2.84
2.73
2.64
2.57
2.50
2.44
2.39
2.35
2.31
2.27
2.24
2.21
2.18
2.16
2.13
2.11
2.09
2.07
1.94
1.82
1.69
1.57
1,006
39.47
14.04
8.41
6.18
5.01
4.31
3.84
3.51
3.26
3.06
2.91
2.78
2.67
2.59
2.51
2.44
2.38
2.33
2.29
2.25
2.21
2.18
2.15
2.12
2.09
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.01
1.88
1.74
1.61
1.48
1,010
39.48
13.99
8.36
6.12
4.96
4.25
3.78
3.45
3.20
3.00
2.85
2.72
2.61
2.52
2.45
2.38
2.32
2.27
2.22
2.18
2.14
2.11
2.08
2.05
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.94
1.80
1.67
1.53
1.39
1,014
39.49
13.95
8.31
6.07
4.90
4.20
3.73
3.39
3.14
2.94
2.79
2.66
2.55
2.46
2.38
2.32
2.26
2.20
2.16
2.11
2.08
2.04
2.01
1.98
1.95
1.93
1.91
1.89
1.87
1.72
1.58
1.43
1.27
1,018
39.50
13.90
8.26
6.02
4.85
4.14
3.67
3.33
3.08
2.88
2.72
2.60
2.49
2.40
2.32
2.25
2.19
2.13
2.09
2.04
2.00
1.97
1.94
1.91
1.88
1.85
1.83
1.81
1.79
1.64
1.48
1.31
1.00
832
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 832
Table X
f(F )
= .01
0
F.01
n1
n2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
4,052
98.50
34.12
21.20
16.26
13.75
12.25
11.26
10.56
10.04
9.65
9.33
9.07
8.86
8.68
8.53
8.40
8.29
8.18
8.10
8.02
7.95
7.88
7.82
7.77
7.72
7.68
7.64
7.60
7.56
7.31
7.08
6.85
6.63
4,999.5
99.00
30.82
18.00
13.27
10.92
9.55
8.65
8.02
7.56
7.21
6.93
6.70
6.51
6.36
6.23
6.11
6.01
5.93
5.85
5.78
5.72
5.66
5.61
5.57
5.53
5.49
5.45
5.42
5.39
5.18
4.98
4.79
4.61
5,403
99.17
29.46
16.69
12.06
9.78
8.45
7.59
6.99
6.55
6.22
5.95
5.74
5.56
5.42
5.29
5.18
5.09
5.01
4.94
4.87
4.82
4.76
4.72
4.68
4.64
4.60
4.57
4.54
4.51
4.31
4.13
3.95
3.78
5,625
99.25
28.71
15.98
11.39
9.15
7.85
7.01
6.42
5.99
5.67
5.41
5.21
5.04
4.89
4.77
4.67
4.58
4.50
4.43
4.37
4.31
4.26
4.22
4.18
4.14
4.11
4.07
4.04
4.02
3.83
3.65
3.48
3.32
5,764
99.30
28.24
15.52
10.97
8.75
7.46
6.63
6.06
5.64
5.32
5.06
4.86
4.69
4.56
4.44
4.34
4.25
4.17
4.10
4.04
3.99
3.94
3.90
3.85
3.82
3.78
3.75
3.73
3.70
3.51
3.34
3.17
3.02
5,859
99.33
27.91
15.21
10.67
8.47
7.19
6.37
5.80
5.39
5.07
4.82
4.62
4.46
4.32
4.20
4.10
4.01
3.94
3.87
3.81
3.76
3.71
3.67
3.63
3.59
3.56
3.53
3.50
3.47
3.29
3.12
2.96
2.80
5,928
99.36
27.67
14.98
10.46
8.26
6.99
6.18
5.61
5.20
4.89
4.64
4.44
4.28
4.14
4.03
3.93
3.84
3.77
3.70
3.64
3.59
3.54
3.50
3.46
3.42
3.39
3.36
3.33
3.30
3.12
2.95
2.79
2.64
5,982
99.37
27.49
14.80
10.29
8.10
6.84
6.03
5.47
5.06
4.74
4.50
4.30
4.14
4.00
3.89
3.79
3.71
3.63
3.56
3.51
3.45
3.41
3.36
3.32
3.29
3.26
3.23
3.20
3.17
2.99
2.82
2.66
2.51
6,022
99.39
27.35
14.66
10.16
7.98
6.72
5.91
5.35
4.94
4.63
4.39
4.19
4.03
3.89
3.78
3.68
3.60
3.52
3.46
3.40
3.35
3.30
3.26
3.22
3.18
3.15
3.12
3.09
3.07
2.89
2.72
2.56
2.41
(continued )
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 833
833
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table X
(continued)
n1
n2
10
12
15
20
24
30
40
60
120
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
6,056
99.40
27.23
14.55
10.05
7.87
6.62
5.81
5.26
4.85
4.54
4.30
4.10
3.94
3.80
3.69
3.59
3.51
3.43
3.37
3.31
3.26
3.21
3.17
3.13
3.09
3.06
3.03
3.00
2.98
2.80
2.63
2.47
2.32
6,106
99.42
27.05
14.37
9.89
7.72
6.47
5.67
5.11
4.71
4.40
4.16
3.96
3.80
3.67
3.55
3.46
3.37
3.30
3.23
3.17
3.12
3.07
3.03
2.99
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.87
2.84
2.66
2.50
2.34
2.18
6,157
99.43
26.87
14.20
9.72
7.56
6.31
5.52
4.96
4.56
4.25
4.01
3.82
3.66
3.52
3.41
3.31
3.23
3.15
3.09
3.03
2.98
2.93
2.89
2.85
2.81
2.78
2.75
2.73
2.70
2.52
2.35
2.19
2.04
6,209
99.45
26.69
14.02
9.55
7.40
6.16
5.36
4.81
4.41
4.10
3.86
3.66
3.51
3.37
3.26
3.16
3.08
3.00
2.94
2.88
2.83
2.78
2.74
2.70
2.66
2.63
2.60
2.57
2.55
2.37
2.20
2.03
1.88
6,235
99.46
26.60
13.93
9.47
7.31
6.07
5.28
4.73
4.33
4.02
3.78
3.59
3.43
3.29
3.18
3.08
3.00
2.92
2.86
2.80
2.75
2.70
2.66
2.62
2.58
2.55
2.52
2.49
2.47
2.29
2.12
1.95
1.79
6,261
99.47
26.50
13.84
9.38
7.23
5.99
5.20
4.65
4.25
3.94
3.70
3.51
3.35
3.21
3.10
3.00
2.92
2.84
2.78
2.72
2.67
2.62
2.58
2.54
2.50
2.47
2.44
2.41
2.39
2.20
2.03
1.86
1.70
6,287
99.47
26.41
13.75
9.29
7.14
5.91
5.12
4.57
4.17
3.86
3.62
3.43
3.27
3.13
3.02
2.92
2.84
2.76
2.69
2.64
2.58
2.54
2.49
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.35
2.33
2.30
2.11
1.94
1.76
1.59
6,313
99.48
26.32
13.65
9.20
7.06
5.82
5.03
4.48
4.08
3.78
3.54
3.34
3.18
3.05
2.93
2.83
2.75
2.67
2.61
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.36
2.33
2.29
2.26
2.23
2.21
2.02
1.84
1.66
1.47
6,339
99.49
26.22
13.56
9.11
6.97
5.74
4.95
4.40
4.00
3.69
3.45
3.25
3.09
2.96
2.84
2.75
2.66
2.58
2.52
2.46
2.40
2.35
2.31
2.27
2.23
2.20
2.17
2.14
2.11
1.92
1.73
1.53
1.32
6,366
99.50
26.13
13.46
9.02
6.88
5.65
4.86
4.31
3.91
3.60
3.36
3.17
3.00
2.87
2.75
2.65
2.57
2.49
2.42
2.36
2.31
2.26
2.21
2.17
2.13
2.10
2.06
2.03
2.01
1.80
1.60
1.38
1.00
834
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 834
Table XI
Control Chart Constants
Number of Observations
in Subgroup, n
A2
d2
d3
D3
D4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1.880
1.023
.729
.577
.483
.419
.373
.337
.308
.285
.266
.249
.235
.223
.212
.203
.194
.187
.180
.173
.167
.162
.157
.153
1.128
1.693
2.059
2.326
2.534
2.704
2.847
2.970
3.078
3.173
3.258
3.336
3.407
3.472
3.532
3.588
3.640
3.689
3.735
3.778
3.819
3.858
3.895
3.931
.853
.888
.880
.864
.848
.833
.820
.808
.797
.787
.778
.770
.762
.755
.749
.743
.738
.733
.729
.724
.720
.716
.712
.709
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.076
.136
.184
.223
.256
.283
.307
.328
.347
.363
.378
.391
.403
.415
.425
.434
.443
.451
.459
3.267
2.574
2.282
2.114
2.004
1.924
1.864
1.816
1.777
1.744
1.717
1.693
1.672
1.653
1.637
1.622
1.608
1.597
1.585
1.575
1.566
1.557
1.548
1.541
Source: ASTM Manual on the Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing
Materials, pp. 134136, 1976.
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 835
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table XII
835
Critical Values for the Durbin-Watson d Statistic, A .05

k = 1
k = 2
k = 3
k = 4
k = 5
dL
dU
dL
dU
dL
dU
dL
dU
dL
dU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
1.08
1.10
1.13
1.16
1.18
1.20
1.22
1.24
1.26
1.27
1.29
1.30
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.48
1.50
1.53
1.55
1.57
1.58
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.57
1.59
1.60
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.69
.95
.98
1.02
1.05
1.08
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.17
1.19
1.21
1.22
1.24
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.43
1.46
1.49
1.51
1.54
1.55
1.57
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.53
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.56
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.57
1.57
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.70
1.71
1.72
.82
.86
.90
.93
.97
1.00
1.03
1.05
1.08
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.20
1.21
1.23
1.24
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.38
1.42
1.45
1.48
1.50
1.52
1.54
1.56
1.57
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.75
1.73
1.71
1.69
1.68
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.67
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.72
1.73
1.73
1.74
.69
.74
.78
.92
.86
.90
.93
.96
.99
1.01
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.19
1.21
1.22
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.29
1.34
1.38
1.41
1.44
1.47
1.49
1.51
1.53
1.55
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.97
1.93
1.90
1.87
1.85
1.83
1.81
1.80
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.76
1.76
1.75
1.74
1.74
1.74
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.73
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.74
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.76
.56
.62
.67
.71
.75
.79
.83
.96
.90
.93
.95
.98
1.01
1.03
1.05
1.07
1.09
1.11
1.13
1.15
1.16
1.18
1.19
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.29
1.34
1.38
1.41
1.44
1.46
1.49
1.51
1.52
1.54
1.56
1.57
2.21
2.15
2.10
2.06
2.02
1.99
1.96
1.94
1.92
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.86
1.85
1.84
1.83
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.81
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.78
1.78
1.78
Source: From Durbin, J., and Watson, G. S. Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression, II, Biometrika, 1951, 30, 159178. Reproduced by permission of the
Biometrika Trustees.
836
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 836
Table XIII
Critical Values for the Durbin-Watson d Statistic, A .01

k = 1
k = 2
k = 3
k = 4
k = 5
dL
dU
dL
dU
dL
dU
dL
dU
dL
dU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
.81
.84
.87
.90
.93
.95
.97
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.05
1.07
1.09
1.10
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.29
1.32
1.36
1.38
1.41
1.43
1.45
1.47
1.48
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.07
1.09
1.10
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.38
1.40
1.43
1.45
1.47
1.49
1.50
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
.70
.74
.77
.80
.83
.86
.89
.91
.94
.96
.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.10
1.11
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.24
1.28
1.32
1.35
1.38
1.40
1.42
1.44
1.46
1.47
1.49
1.50
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.26
1.26
1.27
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.36
1.27
1.38
1.38
1.39
1.39
1.40
1.42
1.45
1.47
1.48
1.50
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
.59
.63
.67
.71
.74
.77
.80
.83
.86
.88
.90
.93
.95
.97
.99
1.01
1.02
1.04
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.14
1.15
1.20
1.24
1.28
1.32
1.35
1.37
1.39
1.42
1.43
1.45
1.47
1.48
1.46
1.44
1.43
1.42
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.40
1.40
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.46
1.48
1.49
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.60
.49
.53
.57
.61
.65
.68
.72
.75
.77
.80
.83
.85
.88
.90
.92
.94
.96
.98
1.00
1.01
1.03
1.04
1.06
1.07
1.09
1.10
1.16
1.20
1.25
1.28
1.31
1.34
1.37
1.39
1.41
1.43
1.45
1.46
1.70
1.66
1.3
1.60
1.58
1.57
1.55
1.54
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
.39
.44
.48
.52
.56
.60
.63
.66
.70
.72
.75
.78
.81
.83
.85
.88
.90
.92
.94
.95
.97
.99
1.00
1.02
1.03
1.05
1.11
1.16
1.21
1.25
1.28
1.31
1.34
1.36
1.39
1.41
1.42
1.44
1.96
1.90
1.85
1.80
1.77
1.74
1.71
1.69
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.62
1.61
1.61
1.60
1.60
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.59
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.64
1.65
Source: From Durbin, J., and Watson, G. S. Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression, II, Biometrika, 1951, 30, 159178. Reproduced by permission of the
Biometrika Trustees.
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 837
837
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table XIV
Critical Values of TL and TU for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: Independent Samples
Test statistic is the rank sum associated with the smaller sample (if equal sample sizes, either rank sum can be used).
a. A .025 one-tailed; A .05 two-tailed
n2
n1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
16
18
21
23
26
28
31
33
6
11
12
12
13
14
15
16
18
25
28
32
35
38
41
44
6
12
18
19
20
21
22
24
21
28
37
41
45
49
53
56
7
12
19
26
28
29
31
32
23
32
41
52
56
61
65
70
7
13
20
28
37
39
41
43
26
35
45
56
68
73
78
83
8
14
21
29
39
49
51
54
28
38
49
61
73
87
93
98
8
15
22
31
41
51
63
66
31
41
53
65
78
93
108
114
9
16
24
32
43
54
66
79
33
44
56
70
83
98
114
131
b. A .05 one-tailed; A .10 two-tailed

n2
n1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
TL
TU
6
7
7
8
9
9
10
11
15
17
20
22
24
27
29
31
7
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
17
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
7
13
19
20
22
24
25
26
20
27
36
40
43
46
50
54
8
14
20
28
30
32
33
35
22
30
40
50
54
58
63
67
9
15
22
30
39
41
43
46
24
33
43
54
66
71
76
80
9
16
24
32
41
52
54
57
27
36
46
58
71
84
90
95
10
17
25
33
43
54
66
69
29
39
50
63
76
90
105
111
11
18
26
35
46
57
69
83
31
42
54
67
80
95
111
127
Source: From Wilcoxon, F., and Wilcox, R. A. Some rapid approximate statistical procedures, 1964, 2023. Courtesy of Lederle Laboratories Division of American
Cyanamid Company, Madison, NJ.
838
One-Tailed
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
9:48 PM
Page 838
Table XV
a
a
a
a
10/26/09
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
.05
.025
.01
.005
.05
.025
.01
.005
.05
.025
.01
.005
.05
.025
.01
.005
.05
.025
.01
.005
.05
.025
.01
.005
.05
.025
.01
.005
.05
.025
.01
.005
Critical Values of T0 in the Wilcoxon Paired Difference Signed Rank Test

Two-Tailed
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
.10
.05
.02
.01
.10
.05
.02
.01
.10
.05
.02
.01
.10
.05
.02
.01
.10
.05
.02
.01
.10
.05
.02
.01
.10
.05
.02
.01
.10
.05
.02
.01
n = 5
n = 6
n = 7
n = 8
n = 9
n = 10
2
1
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
8
6
3
2
11
8
5
3
n = 11
n = 12
n = 13
n = 14
n = 15
n = 16
14
11
7
5
17
14
10
7
21
17
13
10
26
21
16
13
30
25
20
16
36
30
24
19
n = 17
n = 18
n = 19
n = 20
n = 21
n = 22
41
35
28
23
47
40
33
28
54
46
38
32
60
52
43
37
68
59
49
43
75
66
56
49
n = 23
n = 24
n = 25
n = 26
n = 27
n = 28
83
73
62
55
92
81
69
61
101
90
77
68
110
98
85
76
120
107
93
84
130
117
102
92
n = 29
n = 30
n = 31
n = 32
n = 33
n = 34
141
127
111
100
152
137
120
109
163
148
130
118
175
159
141
128
188
171
151
138
201
183
162
149
n = 35
n = 36
n = 37
n = 38
n = 39
214
195
174
160
228
208
186
171
242
222
198
183
256
235
211
195
271
250
224
208
n = 40
n = 41
n = 42
n = 43
n = 44
n = 45
287
264
238
221
303
279
252
234
319
295
267
248
336
311
281
262
353
327
297
277
371
344
313
292
n = 46
n = 47
n = 48
n = 49
n = 50
389
361
329
307
408
379
345
323
427
397
362
339
446
415
380
356
466
434
398
373
Source: From Wilcoxon, F., and Wilcox, R. A. Some rapid approximate statistical procedures, 1964, p. 28. Courtesy of Lederle Laboratories Division of American
Cyanamid Company, Madison, NJ.
10/26/09
9:48 PM
Page 839
APPE NDIX B: Tables
Table XVI
839
Critical Values of Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient
The values correspond to a one-tailed test of H0: p = 0. The value should be doubled for two-tailed tests.
n
a = .05
a = .025
a = .01
a = .005
a = .05
a = .025
a = .01
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
.900
.829
.714
.643
.600
.564
.523
.497
.475
.457
.441
.425
.412
.886
.786
.738
.683
.648
.623
.591
.566
.545
.525
.507
.490
.943
.893
.833
.783
.745
.736
.703
.673
.646
.623
.601
.582
.881
.833
.794
.818
.780
.745
.716
.689
.666
.645
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
.399
.388
.377
.368
.359
.351
.343
.336
.329
.323
.317
.311
.305
.476
.462
.450
.438
.428
.418
.409
.400
.392
.385
.377
.370
.364
.564
.549
.534
.521
.508
.496
.485
.475
.465
.456
.448
.440
.432
a = .005
.625
.608
.591
.576
.562
.549
.537
.526
.515
.505
.496
.487
.478
Source: From Olds, E. G. Distribution of sums of squares of rank differences for small samples, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1938, 9. Reproduced with the permission
of the editor, Annals of Mathematical Statistics.
840
k
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
24
30
40
60
120
q
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
24
30
40
60
120
q
9:48 PM
Page 840
Table XVII
n
10/26/09
Critical Values of the Studentized Range, A .05

2
10
11
17.97
6.08
4.50
3.93
3.64
3.46
3.34
3.26
3.20
3.15
3.11
3.08
3.06
3.03
3.01
3.00
2.98
2.97
2.96
2.95
2.92
2.89
2.86
2.83
2.80
2.77
26.98
8.33
5.91
5.04
4.60
4.34
4.16
4.04
3.95
3.88
3.82
3.77
3.73
3.70
3.67
3.65
3.63
3.61
3.59
3.58
3.53
3.49
3.44
3.40
3.36
3.31
32.82
9.80
6.82
5.76
5.22
4.90
4.68
4.53
4.41
4.33
4.26
4.20
4.15
4.11
4.08
4.05
4.02
4.00
3.98
3.96
3.90
3.85
3.79
3.74
3.68
3.63
37.08
10.88
7.50
6.29
5.67
5.30
5.06
4.89
4.76
4.65
4.57
4.51
4.45
4.41
4.37
4.33
4.30
4.28
4.25
4.23
4.17
4.10
4.04
3.98
3.92
3.86
40.41
11.74
8.04
6.71
6.03
5.63
5.36
5.17
5.02
4.91
4.82
4.75
4.69
4.64
4.60
4.56
4.52
4.49
4.47
4.45
4.37
4.30
4.23
4.16
4.10
4.03
43.12
12.44
8.48
7.05
6.33
5.90
5.61
5.40
5.24
5.12
5.03
4.95
4.88
4.83
4.78
4.74
4.70
4.67
4.65
4.62
4.54
4.46
4.39
4.31
4.24
4.17
45.40
13.03
8.85
7.35
6.58
6.12
5.82
5.60
5.43
5.30
5.20
5.12
5.05
4.99
4.94
4.90
4.86
4.82
4.79
4.77
4.68
4.60
4.52
4.44
4.36
4.29
47.36
13.54
9.18
7.60
6.80
6.32
6.00
5.77
5.59
5.46
5.35
5.27
5.19
5.13
5.08
5.03
4.99
4.96
4.92
4.90
4.81
4.72
4.63
4.55
4.47
4.39
49.07
13.99
9.46
7.83
6.99
6.49
6.16
5.92
5.74
5.60
5.49
5.39
5.32
5.25
5.20
5.15
5.11
5.07
5.04
5.01
4.92
4.82
4.73
4.65
4.56
4.47
50.59
14.39
9.72
8.03
7.17
6.65
6.30
6.05
5.87
5.72
5.61
5.51
5.43
5.36
5.31
5.26
5.21
5.17
5.14
5.11
5.01
4.92
4.82
4.73
4.64
4.55
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
51.96
14.75
9.95
8.21
7.32
6.79
6.43
6.18
5.98
5.83
5.71
5.61
5.53
5.46
5.40
5.35
5.31
5.27
5.23
5.20
5.10
5.00
4.90
4.81
4.71
4.62
53.20
15.08
10.15
8.37
7.47
6.92
6.55
6.29
6.09
5.93
5.81
5.71
5.63
5.55
5.49
5.44
5.39
5.35
5.31
5.28
5.18
5.08
4.98
4.88
4.78
4.68
54.33
15.38
10.35
8.52
7.60
7.03
6.66
6.39
6.19
6.03
5.90
5.80
5.71
5.64
5.57
5.52
5.47
5.43
5.39
5.36
5.25
5.15
5.04
4.94
4.84
4.74
55.36
15.65
10.52
8.66
7.72
7.14
6.76
6.48
6.28
6.11
5.98
5.88
5.79
5.71
5.65
5.59
5.54
5.50
5.46
5.43
5.32
5.21
5.11
5.00
4.90
4.80
56.32
15.91
10.69
8.79
7.83
7.24
6.85
6.57
6.36
6.19
6.06
5.95
5.86
5.79
5.72
5.66
5.61
5.57
5.53
5.49
5.38
5.27
5.16
5.06
4.95
4.85
57.22
16.14
10.84
8.91
7.93
7.34
6.94
6.65
6.44
6.27
6.13
6.02
5.93
5.85
5.78
5.73
5.67
5.63
5.59
5.55
5.44
5.33
5.22
5.11
5.00
4.89
58.04
16.37
10.98
9.03
8.03
7.43
7.02
6.73
6.51
6.34
6.20
6.09
5.99
5.91
5.85
5.79
5.73
5.69
5.65
5.61
5.49
5.38
5.27
5.15
5.04
4.93
58.83
16.57
11.11
9.13
8.12
7.51
7.10
6.80
6.58
6.40
6.27
6.15
6.05
5.97
5.90
5.84
5.79
5.74
5.70
5.66
5.55
5.43
5.31
5.20
5.09
4.97
59.56
16.77
11.24
9.23
8.21
7.59
7.17
6.87
6.64
6.47
6.33
6.21
6.11
6.03
5.96
5.90
5.84
5.79
5.75
5.71
5.59
5.47
5.36
5.24
5.13
5.01
Source: Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, Vol. I, 3rd ed., edited by E. S. Pearson and H. O. Hartley (Cambridge University Press, 1966). Reproduced by permission of
Professor E. S. Pearson and the Biometrika Trustees.

Appendix A (Probability Tables)

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Appendix A (Probability Tables)

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Z01_MCCL0116_11_SE_APPA.

Appendix A: Basic Counting Rules

Figure A.1 Tree diagram for

A P P E ND I X A : Basic Counting Rules

The combinations rule given in Chapter 3 is a special case 1k = 22 of the partitions

Solution We have N = 10 and n = 4; then

Normal Curve Areas

Percentage Points of the

Critical Values for the

Table XIII Critical Values for the

Table XIV Critical Values of TL and TU

Table VIII Percentage Points of the

Percentage Points of the

for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum

Table XV Critical Values of T0 in the

Table XVI Critical Values of Spearmans

Rank Correlation Coefficient 839

Table XVII Critical Values of the

Percentage Points of the

Control Chart Constants

Studentized Range, a = .05

APPE NDIX B: Tables

APPE NDIX B: Tables

APPE NDIX B: Tables

APPE NDIX B: Tables

APPE NDIX B: Tables

Normal Curve Areas

APPE NDIX B: Tables

APPE NDIX B: Tables

Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, A .10

Numerator Degrees of Freedom

Denominator Degrees of Freedom

APPE NDIX B: Tables

Denominator Degrees of Freedom

Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, A .05

Numerator Degrees of Freedom

Denominator Degrees of Freedom

APPE NDIX B: Tables

Denominator Degrees of Freedom

Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, A .025

Numerator Degrees of Freedom

Denominator Degrees of Freedom

APPE NDIX B: Tables

Denominator Degrees of Freedom

Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, A .01

Numerator Degrees of Freedom

Denominator Degrees of Freedom

APPE NDIX B: Tables

Denominator Degrees of Freedom

Control Chart Constants

APPE NDIX B: Tables

Critical Values for the Durbin-Watson d Statistic, A .05

Critical Values for the Durbin-Watson d Statistic, A .01

APPE NDIX B: Tables

b. A .05 one-tailed; A .10 two-tailed

Critical Values of T0 in the Wilcoxon Paired Difference Signed Rank Test

APPE NDIX B: Tables

Critical Values of Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient

Critical Values of the Studentized Range, A .05

Potrebbero piacerti anche