French and Raven's Five Forms of Power

The most common description of power is French and Raven (1960). This divides power
into five different forms.
Coercive power
This is the power to force someone to do something against their will. It is often physical
althogh other threats may !e sed. It is the power of dictators" despots and !llies.
#oercion can reslt in physical harm" althogh its principal goal is compliance.
$emonstrations of harm are often sed to illstrate what will happen if compliance is not
gained.
Reward power
Reward power is the a!ility to give other people what they want" and hence as% them to
do things for yo in e&change.
Rewards can also !e sed to pnish" sch as when they are withheld. The promise is
essentially the same' do this and yo will get that.
Legitimate power
(egitimate power is that which is invested in a role. )ings" policemen and managers all
have legitimate power. The legitimacy may come from a higher power" often one with
coercive power. (egitimate power can often ths !e the accepta!le face of raw power.
Referent power
This is the power from another person li%ing yo or wanting to !e li%e yo. It is the
power of charisma and fame and is wielded !y all cele!rities (!y definition) as well as
more local social leaders. In wanting to !e li%e these people" we stand near them" hoping
some of the charisma will r! off onto s.
Expert power
*hen I have %nowledge and s%ill that someone else re+ires" then I have ,&pert power.
This is a very common form of power and is the !asis for a very large proportion of
hman colla!oration" inclding most companies where the principle of speciali-ation
allows large and comple& enterprises to !e nderta%en.
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