INTRODUCTION

This research was developed for environmental strategies and prevention measures to
minimize water pollution in Nuevo Leon.
Water is a unique resource. His presence is life. We ourselves are water, because two-
thirds of human beings are composed of the liquid to that need for many vital functions
and activities. Therefore, proper and responsible management of this resource is
essential for the transformation of the current model of development in one or more
sustainable.
The constitution that governs us, clearly recognizes that access to water, sufficient, safe,
acceptable and affordable, is a right of all Mexicans. The Mexico state government is
determined to ensure this right along with other government agencies.
Subsequently, the National Water Commission as a decentralized body of the Ministry of
Environment and Natural Resources is responsible for managing and preserving
national waters.
Water moves to Mexico, so we work to strengthen the sustainable management of water
resources. This is essential to achieve growth
Green, to advance the supply of poverty, and to promote the transformation of Mexico.
For decades , federal suffer pollution in receiving bodies seeing we truncated the
possibility of inheriting a future with clean, better health for future generations in our
state water. However, the state government of Nuevo Len and with other agencies has
made the construction of five WWTP influent for sanitation.
Target
The objective of this research is the reader or readers to know more in depth
environmental strategies that had to make the state government of Nuevo Len to
minimize water pollution
Purpose
The purpose of this research is to document strategies for mitigating pollution effluent
prior to discharge to receiving bodies federal.




LEGAL FRAMEWORK

























Federal competition
1. Constitution of the United Mexican States Policy
2. General Law of Ecological Balance and Environment Protection
3. Law National Waters
4. Federal Right Law
5. Rgulation of national water law
6. Regulations of the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environment
Protection.
state competition
1. Environmental Law Nuevo Len
2. Regulation of the environmental laws of Nuevo Len

Regulations
8. NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996
9. NOM-002-SEMARNAT-1996
10. NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997
11. NOM-004-SEMARNAT-2002
12. NOM-052-SEMARNAT-2005
13. NOM-127-SSA1-1994
14. NMX-AA-003-1980
DEFINITIONS

























DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH

Today in states of Mexico, have made constructions for better sanitation effluent, but for
certain activities they perform certain properties, water quality in receiving bodies has
been modified, resulting in environmental problems on the biodiversity of ecosystems
and damage to the health of the population.
Subsequently, the sources of pollution that affect water quality are increasing
population, effluent discharges generating companies that are discharged into receiving
bodies or sewage system at concentrations above the stipulated environmental
legislation and Consequently these activities create negative impacts to the
environment, which are:
Soil contamination
Water Pollution
From the sources of pollution impacting water quality, the National Index of Statistics
and Geography public that Mexico is the eleventh country with a vast population density.
(See Annex 1)
In others the state of Nuevo Leon has a population of 4,653,458 people, with a growth
rate of 1.90 from the year 2010 and as a result, the growth rate will increase the volume
of water used for certain activities, then the country has a water coverage of 96%,
generating as a result reducing the death rate from people taking inadequate effluent
quality. (See Appendix 2)
Certain units of federal jurisdiction, define pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of
one or more pollutants or any combination of them causing an ecological imbalance in
the ecosystem. N addition to this, water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological
change in water quality that has a harmful effect on people who drink these water rights.







Already knowing the environmental problems for which he is spending our country
subsequently petrochemical facilities of the business organization PEMEX SA de CV,
located in certain states of Mexico, have negatively impacted ecosystems through
certain claims that have not very remote.
For this reason, existing legislation, as our Constitution of the United Mexican States
provides that the person or entity to harm or degrade the environment, generate
responsibility for it and therefore one of the major environmental laws is the Ecology Law
is the principle that any organization or individual to know the environmental obligations
for the preservation of biodiversity of ecosystems.
The Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources is developing a program to close
those downloads clandestine effluents, as there are cases of environmental problems in
the fishery river, is said to have approximate time a year to restore these channels of the
receiving body.
Already knowing the sources of pollution to the "water" environmental element, emission
sources for which a change occurs to the quality of this vital liquid are:
Natural sources of emission
Sources of anthropogenic emissions
Anthropogenic emission sources play an important role in natural cycles such as the
water cycle and the mobility of the winds, for the transportation of pollutants. (See Annex
3)
In any download to perform a residential home or business, pollutants that can be
issued to a receiving body or a system where all these channels to its pre-treatment may
have the characteristic of being biodegradable or non-biodegradable are conducted.
(See Appendix 4)
Depending on the characteristic of being biodegradable in the environment the pollutant
in the effluent, this disturbing does cause certain negative effects during and finely
coming to normal discharge, then the classification of contaminants in water are.






Classification of pollutants in the water
Chemical pollutants
Physical pollutants Biological pollutants
Organic compounds
Inorganic
compounds
Organic matter Heavy metals Suspended material
Pathogenic
microorganism
Pesticides
Fertilizers
Heat
Viruses
Industrial chemicals


The effects which generally cause the biodegradable pollutants in the environment are:
Eutrophication
Decreased oxygen
generation of acidic hydrogen
Reduced aquatic fauna
Increased anaerobic microorganisms
Reduction of photosynthetic activity of aquatic fauna
Decreased dissolved oxygen
Increased BOD
The effects which usually result in non-biodegradable pollutants in the environment are:
Increased COD
Decreased oxygen
Build-up in fatty tissues of aquatic fauna
generation of undesirable chemical compounds
Knowing the environmental problems they cause in the environment, these
biodegradable pollutants, later also not biodegradable, the health effects of these
pollutants are. (See Annex 5)
Alterations or decreased hormone human
Generation of cancer cells
Alterations to the nervous system
Diseases or gastrointestinal disorders





Environmental obligations

The wastewater discharges that do any business, you must have permission to the
competent authority and those properties that give previously treated effluents
generated must be authorized before this federal agency. Permits for the dumping of
these discharges to a receiving body of federal or state jurisdiction are.
Federal competition
CNA -01-001 Permit wastewater discharge
CNA -01-002 Water Quality Certification
State competition
Check discharge wastewater with water users and modifications
Registration of new wastewater discharge without water users
Each of these effluent discharges to sewer systems or receiving federal bodies must
comply with the guidelines of discharge stipulated in the NOM- 001 -SEMARNAT and
NOM- 002 -SEMARNAT.
In addition to complying with environmental regulations for wastewater discharges, CNA
physicochemical stable for 3 for the prevention of water pollution in state and federal
bodies parameters.
BOD
COD
SST
The BOD and COD are used for estimating the organic matter in the water bodies,
whereas those measured SST solids that do not dissolve in water, and remain
suspended.
The main difference between the BOD and COD is that the first measuring the organic
material which is susceptible to break down biologically , that is, which is biodegradable ,
whereas according parameter measures the amount of organic material that is degraded
by chemical means . In either case, they are a result of the discharge of waste water of
urban origin, and an increase in the concentration of these means a reduction in the
content of dissolved oxygen in the water significantly affects organisms and aquatic
systems.


The SST may be caused by contamination with sewage or water erosion processes. An
increase in this indicator for the quality of water may cause turbidity in the water, by
preventing or reducing the photosynthetic activity of aquatic organisms of great
importance to the production of dissolved oxygen. Subsequently, the environmental
problems caused by these indicators are eutrophication and a preventive measure is the
use of aquatic plants in the receiving bodies for the absorption of nutrients in the
effluent.
There have been environmental cases, in several states of Mexico, where effluents
generated hydrogen sulfide by the high concentration of nutrients, subsequently
accelerating the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria, resulting in this type of water
requires secondary treatment for nutrient removal through an aerobic system.
SEMARNAT publishes the National Program of Environment and Natural Resources
1995-2000 whose overall objective was to stop the trends of environmental degradation
and promote economic and social development with sustainability criteria. This same
dependence issued the official Mexican standards required to prevent and control
pollution of national waters that are:
NOM- 001- SEMARNAT- 1996 maximum permissible limits of pollutants in wastewater
discharges into national waters
NOM- 002- SEMARNAT- 1996 maximum permissible limits of pollutants in wastewater
discharges to urban or municipal sewer
NOM- 003- SEMARNAT- 1997 maximum permissible contaminant limits for treated
wastewater reused in services to the public










The National Water Law published in the Official Gazette on 1 December 1992 states
that " The authority and administration in national waters and their inherent public goods
corresponds to the Federal Executive who shall directly or through NWC "
In Mexico it has been legislated in water for more than five decades. Current law repeals
the 1972 had, as above, a predominantly regulatory and administrative. The current
Water Law contains substantial changes concerning water management , the role of
authority and responsibility of the users on this resource. It is also a law establishing
coercive sanctions and penalties for violators. The LAN contains provisions of public
order and social interest are exercised through the CNA in coordination with state and
municipal governments, and the basis for :
Establish and enforce discharge conditions .
Require a permit for wastewater discharges into bodies in the public domain .
Order suspension of activities that:
1. Not have permission to wastewater discharges
February . Meets No Mexican official norm or the corresponding discharge conditions
Three . Was stop paying the fees for the use of the public good
Carry out the necessary works when there is a risk of harm to the population or the
ecosystem under whoever is responsible .
ticketed and impose penalties ranging from 50 to 10,000 times the daily minimum
wage by 18 causes among which are : dilute wastewater discharge without complying
with existing environmental legislation , later also in adherence to Articles 4,5,7 , 85-
96,119-123 .
I already mentioned above, in the state of Nuevo Len are three WWTP giving a
sanitation effluents generated by all these people and then by industrial properties.
When a Wastewater Treatment Plant may cause serious damage to the health of the
population or serious damage to vital ecosystems, " Water Authority " by request or if
separate authority, according to their respective powers, ordered the suspension of
activities resulting in the discharge, and where this is not possible or desirable , the
same authority to appoint a receiver to take charge of the provisional administration and
operation of the facilities wastewater treatment , until the activities are suspended or




Considers overcome gravity discharge, subject to administrative or criminal liability that
could have been incurred.
Those individuals or entities which discharge waste characteristics CRETI, solid waste
and bio solids without prior treatment into receiving bodies, the penalty that is generated
by these activities is 1-9 years imprisonment and 300 to 3000 days fine then when these
same activities also harm a protected area, the fine is more than 3 years in prison and a
financial penalty thousand days.