DISTRIBUTION PROTECTION

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1. Most of the fuses operate due to
(A) heating effect of current
(B) magnetic effect of current
(C) electrostatic effect of current
(D) none of the above.
Answer: A

2. The over-voltage surges in power systems may be caused by
(A) lightning
(B) switching
(C) resonance
(D) any of the above.
Answer: D


3. Which of the following statement about SF
6
gas is incorrect ?
(A) It is non-toxic gas
(B) It is non-inflammable
(C) It has density 5 times that of air at 20
0
C
(D) It has dark yellow color.
Answer: D

4. Dielectric strength of SF
6
is
(A) less than that of air at atmospheric pressure
(B) less than that of oil used in OCB
(C) more than that of oil used in OCB
(D) more at lower pressure and low at higher pressures.
Answer: B

5. A sudden short-circuit in an ac system causes a rise in __________ in the short-circuited phase.
Answer: CURRENT

6. A circuit breaker is
(A) power factor correcting device
(B) a device to neutralize the effect of transients
(C) a waveform correcting device
(D) a current interrupting device.
Answer: D

7. The function of protective relay in a circuit breaker is
(A) to each any stray voltages
(B) to close the contacts when the actuating quantity reaches a certain predetermined value
(C) to limit arcing current during the operation of circuit breaker
(D) to provide additional safety in the operation of circuit breaker.
Answer: B

8. The fault clearing time of a circuit breaker is usually
(A) few minutes
(B) few seconds
(C) one second
(D) few cycles of supply voltage.
Answer: D




9. The medium employed for extinction of arc in air circuit breaker is
(A) SF
6

(B) Oil
(C) Air
(D) Water.
Answer: C

10. For high voltage, ac circuit breakers, the rated short circuit current is passed for
(A) 0.01 sec
(B) 0.1 sec
(C) 3 seconds
(D) 30 seconds.
Answer: C

11. Differential relays are used for the protection of equipments against:
a) Internal faults
b) Over-current
c) Reverse current
d) Reverse power
Answer: A


SHORT ANSWER QUESTION

1. What are the functions of protective relays?
To detect the fault and initiate the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the defective element from the rest of
the system, thereby protecting the system from damages consequent to the fault.

2. What is back up protection?
Is the second line of defence, which operates if the primary protection fails to activate within a definite time delay.

3. What is the need of relay coordination?
The operation of a relay should be fast and selective, ie, it should isolate the fault in the shortest possible time
causing minimum disturbance to the system. Also, if a relay fails to operate, there should be sufficiently quick
backup protection so that the rest of the system is protected. By coordinating relays, faults can always be isolated
quickly without serious disturbance to the rest of the system.

4. State the different types of faults.
Symmetrical faults and unsymmetrical faults and open conductor faults.

5. What is primary protection?
Primary protection is the protection in which the fault occurring in a line will be cleared by its own relay and circuit
breaker. It serves as the first line of defense.

6. Differentiate between a fuse and a circuit breaker.
Fuse is a low current interrupting device. It is a copper or an aluminum wire. Circuit breaker is a high current
interrupting device and it act as a switch under normal operating conditions.

7. What is the need of relay coordination?
The operation of a relay should be fast and selective, i.e., it should isolate the fault in the shortest possible time
causing minimum disturbance to the system. Also, if a relay fails to operate, there should be sufficiently quick
backup protection so that the rest of the system is protected. By coordinating relays, faults can always be isolated
quickly without serious disturbance to the rest of the system.

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