Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P1/13

Section 5: Chemical Cells and Electrolysis

1.
When the circuit in the set-up shown above is closed the acidi!ied potassium perman"anate solution
loses its colour "radually.
#i$ Write a hal! e%uation !or the reaction that occurs in the acidi!ied potassium perman"anate
solution. E&plain whether the perman"anate ion is o&idi'ed or reduced.
#ii$ What would be observed in the potassium iodide solution a!ter some time( Write a hal! e%uation
!or the reaction that would occur.
#iii$ )denti!y the direction o! election !low in the e&ternal circuit.
#iv$ Write an ionic e%uation !or the reaction that occurs when an acidi!ied potassium perman"anate
solution and a potassium iodide solution are mi&ed to"ether.
#v$ #1$ What is the !unction o! the salt brid"e in the set-up(
#*$ E&plain whether a sodium sulphite solution can be used instead o! a potassium nitrate solution
in the salt brid"e.
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*. 1he table below lists the o&idation number o! iron in two compounds2
Compound )ron#))$ sulphate )ron#)))$ sulphate
3&idation number 4* 43
(i) #1$ What would be observed when sodium hydro&ide solution is added to iron#))$ sulphate
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P*/13
solution( Write an ionic e%uation !or the reaction involved.
#*$ E&plain whether this reaction is a redo& reaction.
#ii$ When iron#))$ sulphate solution is mi&ed with dilute sulphuric acid and a small amount o! a
purple solution a reaction occurs and the o&idation number o! iron chan"es !rom 4* to 43.
#1$ 5u""est what the purple solution may be.
#*$ What would be observed in this reaction( Write an ionic e%uation !or the reaction involved.
#iii$ When iron#))$ sulphate solution reacts with an element 6 the o&idation number o! iron chan"es
!rom 4* to 7.
#1$ 5u""est what 6 may be.
(2) What would be observed in this reaction( E&plain whether iron#))$ sulphate solution acts as a
reducin" a"ent or an o&idi'in" a"ent in this reaction. #17 mar,s$
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3. 9 student carried out a copper-platin" e&periment in the laboratory usin" the set-up shown below2
i. E&plain why copper#))$ sulphate solution can conduct electricity.
ii. What would be observed at the carbon anode durin" the e&periment( Write a hal! e%uation !or the
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P3/13
reaction involved.
iii. )n the copper-platin" industry a metal is used as the anode instead o! carbon. What is this metal(
E&plain your answer.
iv. )n a copper-platin" !actory the waste water is treated with sodium hydro&ide solution to remove the
copper#))$ ions present be!ore dischar"e.
1. 5u""est 1W3 reasons why it is necessary to remove the copper #))$ ions !rom the waste water
be!ore dischar"e.
2. *7.7 dm
3
o! a sample o! waste water re%uire 3./ dm
3
o! +.7 : sodium hydro&ide solution !or
complete removal o! the copper#))$ ions present.
Calculate the concentration in mol dm
-3
o! copper#))$ ions in the sample. #17 mar,s$
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;. <rie!ly describe how you would conduct an e&periment usin" the materials and apparatus listed below to
nic,el-plate a clean metal spoon. #=ia"rams are >31 re%uired.$ 5tate the e&pected observation o! the
e&periment.
a clean metal spoon a nic,el plate nic,el #))$ sulphate crystals a lar"e bea,er o! distilled water a d.c.
power supply and connectin" wires #+
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/. @ead the !ollowin" para"raph concernin" chromium and answer the %uestions that !ollow 2
1he Aree, word BchromaC means colour. :any chromium-containin" compounds and chromium-
containin" "emstones are beauti!ully coloured. 1he o&idation number o! chromium in its compounds can
be 4* 43 and 48.
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P;/13
#i$ Dade a "reen-coloured "emstone is chromium-containin". 5u""est what ion present in Eade is
responsible !or its "reen colour.
#ii$ Potassium dichromate is an o&idi'in" a"ent. 1he o&idation number o! chromium in potassium
dichromate is 48.
#1$ >ame 3>E compound which can be o&idi'ed by potassium dichromate.
#*$ 5tate the condition#s$ under which the compound reacts with potassium dichromate.
#3$ What product is !ormed !rom the compound in the redo& reaction (
#iii$ )n the presence o! a dilute acid chromium #))$ ions react with atmospheric o&y"en to !orm
chromium #)))$ ions and water.
#1$ Write the hal! e%uation !or the !ormation o! chromium #)))$ ions.
#*$ Write the hal! e%uation !or the !ormation o! water.
#3$ Write the overall e%uation !or the reaction.
#iv$ 5u""est 1W3 ways in which chromium can be used to prevent the corrosion o! iron.
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8. 6 and F are di!!erent metals. 9 student studied the reactivity o! 6 F and copper by settin" up two
electrochemical cells usin" the !ollowin" materials and apparatus2
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P//13
1he results o! the e&periment are tabulated below 2
Electrochemical cell =irection o! electron !low in the e&ternal circuit
!ormed by connectin" hal!-cells 9 and C F to Cu
!ormed by connectin" hal!-cells < and C 6 to F
#i$ What is the meanin" o! the term Bsaturated solutionC(
#ii$ E&plain the use o! the strips o! !ilter paper in the e&periment.
#iii$ 1he student had to use an addition instrument to determine the direction o! electron !low in the
e&ternal circuit.
#1$ What instrument did the student use (
#*$ =raw a labelled dia"ram to show the set-up !or the e&periment usin" hal!-cells 9 and C.
#iv$ 9rran"e 6 F and copper in the order o! increasin" reactivity. E&plain your answer.
(v) What would be observed when a piece o! copper !oil is immersed in an a%ueous solution
containin" 1 mol dm
-3
o! F
*4
ions( E&plain your answer. #. mar,s$
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?. 1he table below includes some in!ormation about three types o! dry cells. 1he volta"e o! each type o! cell is
1./ G.
1ype Golta"e over
dischar"e
Price per cell / H 5hel! li!e / years Ii!e/minutes
Jinc-carbon cell
#99 si'e$
!alls %uite rapidly *./ 1./ ?7
9l,aline
man"anese cell
#99 si'e$
remains steady /.7 3 .7
5ilver o&ide cell
#button type$
remains steady +.7 * 37
#1he li!e o! a cell has been determined !rom its use in a test with a motori'ed toy.$
#i$ =ecide and e&plain which type o! cell should be used in a small C=-player #=iscman$.
#ii$ 9 pac,a"e o! *; 'inc-carbon cells is now bein" o!!ered at a special price o! H;...7. 9ssumin" that
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P8/13
your radio consumes one 'inc-carbon cell per month would you buy a pac,a"e o! these
specially-priced cells !or the use o! your radio ( E&plain your answer.
(iii) 1he hal!-e%uations below show the chan"es at the two electrodes 9 and B, o! a silver o&ide cell
durin" dischar"e2
92 Jn #s$ 4 * 3H
-
#a%$ ------K Jn3 #s$ 4 H*3 #l$ 4 *e
-
<2 9"*3 #s$ 4 H*3 #l$ 4 *e
-
----K *9" #s$ 4 * 3H
-
#a%$
#1$ =ecide and e&plain which electrode 9 or < is the anode.
#*$ Write the overall e%uation !or the reaction that would occur in the cell durin" dischar"e.
#iv$ 1he !ollowin" in!ormation was !ound on the pac,a"in" o! a brand o! 'inc-carbon cells2
Caution2 1. =o not dispose o! used cells in !ire.
*. @emove cells when not in use !or prolon"ed periods.
#1$ E&plain why used cells should not be disposed o! in !ire.
#*$ E&plain why the cells should be removed when not in use !or prolon"ed periods.
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+. Each o! the !ollowin" e&periments produces a sodium hydro&ide solution.
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P?/13
#i$ What would be observed when a small piece o! sodium is added to water(
#ii$ E&plain whether e&periment ) or e&periment )) is pre!erred !or preparin" a sodium hydro&ide
solution.
#iii$ =urin" the electrolysis o! brine chlorine and hydro"en are liberated at the anode and cathode
respectively. 9 sodium hydro&ide solution remains in the electrolytic cell a!ter some time.
#1$ E&plain why hydro"en instead o! sodium is liberated at the cathode.
#*$ 5uppose that /7.7 cmL o! hydro"en is liberated at the cathode at room temperature and
pressure. =educe the theoretical volume o! chlorine liberated at the anode under the same
conditions.
#3$ E&plain why a sodium hydro&ide solution remains in the electrolytic cell.
#iv$ =raw a labelled dia"ram to show the laboratory set-up !or the electrolysis o! brine and the
collection o! the "aseous products.
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.. Water is a compound o! hydro"en and o&y"en. Mnder suitable conditions +7.7 cm
3
o! hydro"en and 87.7
cm
3
o! o&y"en #with one o! the reactants in e&cess$ react to "ive water. 1he volumes o! both "ases are
measured at room temperature and pressure.
#i$ =raw the electronic dia"ram o! water showin" electron in the outermost shells only.
#ii$ 9ssume that the two "ases under"o complete reaction. =educe the volume o! the remainin"
"as measured at room temperature and pressure at the end o! the reaction.
#iii$ Water can be decomposed by electrolysis with the !ollowin" set-up to "ive hydro"en and
o&y"en.
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P+/13
#1$ E&plain why a little sulphuric acid has been added to the water used.
#*$ 5u""est a suitable material !or the electrodes.
#3$ Write the hal!-e%uation !or the !ormation o! o&y"en.
#;$ 5u""est a chemical test !or each product obtained in the electrolysis.
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17. 1he dia"ram below shows the lon"itudinal section o! a 'inc-carbon cell.
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P./13
i. Write a hal!-e%uation !or the reaction that occurs at the 'inc case o! the cell durin" dischar"e.
ii. 5tate the !unction o! !ollowin" substances in. 'inc-carbon cell.
#1$ carbon rod
#*$ man"anese#)G$ o&ide
iii. 5u""est a chemical test to show the presence o! ammonium ions in the moist paste o! ammonium
chloride.
iv. E&plain whether you a"ree with the !ollowin" statement.
BJinc-carbon cells cause more environmental problems than nic,el-cadmium cells do.C
v. Complete and balance the !ollowin" hal!-e%uations !or the reactions that occur at the electrodes o! a
nic,el-cadmium cell.
Cd 4 3H
-
Cd#3H$*
>i3* 4 H*3 >i#3H$* 4 3H
-
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11. 1he !low dia"ram below shows the sta"es involved in the e&traction o! 'inc !rom 'inc blende Jn5.
Jinc
blende
5ta"e )
@oastin"
Jinc
o&ide
5ta"e )) Jinc
sulphat
e
solutio
n
5ta"e )))
Electrolysis
'inc
i. 1he reaction in 5ta"e ) "ives apart !rom 'inc o&ide a "aseous product.
#1$ Write the chemical e%uation !or the reaction.
#*$ Aive 3>E industrial use o! the "aseous product.
ii. 5u""est how 'inc o&ide can be converted to 'inc sulphate solution in 5ta"e )).
iii. 1he 'inc sulphate solution obtained contains ions o! other metals. =urin" the electrolysis in 5ta"e )))
'inc metal is liberated at one o! the electrodes.
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P17/13
#1$ 5u""est 3>E way to remove ions o! metals which are less reactive than 'inc !rom the 'inc
sulphate solution be!ore electrolysis.
#*$ Why is it not necessary to remove ions o! metals which are more reactive than 'inc !rom the
solution(
#3$ Write hal! e%uations !or the reactions occurrin" at the anode and cathode durin" the
electrolysis.
iv. Aive 3>E use o! 'inc in daily li!e.
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1*. 9 student used the set-up shown below to prepare hydro"en and chlorine by electrolysis o! a very dilute
sodium chloride solution. Contrary to the studentCs e&pectation a colourless "as 6 instead o! chlorine was
liberated at the anode.
i. What is 6(
ii. 5u""est a chemical test !or 6.
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13. 1he e&periment in #a$ was then modi!ied so that hydro"en and chlorine were produced at the cathode and
anode respectively.
i. 5u""est how the e&periment could be modi!ied.
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P11/13
ii. =educe the ratio o! the theoretical volumes o! hydro"en and chlorine produced.
iii. With the help o! chemical e%uation e&plain why the volume o! chlorine collected is si"ni!icantly smaller than
the theoretical volume.
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1;. Msin" the electrolysis o! copper#))$ chloride solution as an e&ample brie!ly discuss the !actors a!!ectin" the
dischar"e o! ions in electrolysis.
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1/. 9mmonia reacts with copper#))$ o&ide upon heatin". 1he products are nitro"en copper and water.
i. 5tate whether or not the reaction is a redo&. E&plain your answer in terms o! o&idation number
chan"e.
ii. Write the chemical e%uation !or the reaction o! ammonia with copper#))$ o&ide.
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18. 1he set-up shown below is used to investi"ate the electrical conductivity o! lead#))$ bromide.
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P1*/13
When the lead#))$ bromide becomes molten the bulb li"hts up.
i. What would be observed at electrode 6( Write the hal! e%uation !or the reaction involved.
ii. 5tate 3>E potential ha'ard when carryin" out the e&periment.
iii. 5tate what will happen to the bulb when heatin" is stopped and the molten lead#))$
bromide is allowed to cool down "radually to room temperature. E&plain your answer.
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1?. 1he dia"ram below shows a sodium-sulphur cell connected to an e&ternal circuit. 1his cell operates at a
hi"h temperature o! about 3?7NC which is above the meltin" points o! sodium and sulphur.
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P13/13
i. 5tate and e&plain the direction o! electron !low in the e&ternal circuit when the cell is dischar"ed.
Write hal! e%uations !or the reactions at electrodes 9 and <.
ii. 5u""est 1W3 !unctions o! the porous device.
iii. 5u""est why it is necessary !or the cell to operate at a hi"h temperature.
iv. 5odium-sulphur cells are rechar"eable and are used in power stations to reduce the wasta"e o!
electricity "enerated. 5u""est why these cells can be used to reduce the wasta"e o! electricity.
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1+. #a$ 5u""est how iodine tincture can be prepared in a school laboratory.
#b$ 9 student spilt some iodine tincture on his laboratory coat. His classmate su""ested the !ollowin" two
methods to remove the iodine stain !rom the laboratory coat2
#1$ treatin" the stain with sodium sulphite solution
#*$ treatin" the stain with 111Otrichloroethane
Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P1;/13
5tate the principle underlyin" each method. =ecide and e&plain which method is better. #/ mar,s$
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1.. Water #H*3$ is an o&ide o! hydro"en. Electrolysis o! water in the presence o! sulphuric acid "ives hydro"en
and o&y"en in a volume ratio o! *21.
#i$ 5u""est suitable electrodes to be used in the electrolysis.
#ii$ Write the hal! e%uation !or the reaction at the cathode and that at the anode durin" the
electrolysis.
#iii$ What is the !unction o! sulphuric acid in the electrolysis(
#iv$ )s it possible to deduce the !ormula o! water !rom the results o! the electrolysis( E&plain your
answer.
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*7. Hydro"en pero&ide #H*3*$ is another o&ide o! hydro"en.
#i$ What is the o&idation number o! o&y"en in hydro"en pero&ide(
(ii) =raw the electronic dia"ram o! a molecule o! hydro"en pero&ide showin" electrons in the
outermost shells only.
#iii$ )n the presence o! a dilute acid hydro"en pero&ide o&idises iron#))$ ions and it is reduced to
water.
#1$ Write the hal! e%uation !or the reduction o! hydro"en pero&ide.
#*$ 5tate the e&pected observation and write a chemical e%uation !or the reaction involved.
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Chemistry HKCEE Past Paper Chemical cells and electrolysis P1//13
*1. Pro!essor D. P. =aniell invented the =aniell cell in 1+38. )t was one o! the !irst cells to "ive a steady volta"e
over a lon" period o! time.
1he above dia"ram shows a =aniell cell connected to a voltmeter.
#a$ :ar, on the dia"ram the direction o! electron !low in the e&ternal circuit.
#b$ Write ionic hal! e%uations !or the reactions occurrin" at positive and ne"ative poles o! the cell
#i$ positive pole
#ii$ ne"ative pole
#c$ Why is a porous pot used(
#d$ Will the polarity o! the cell be a!!ected i! the copper can is replaced by an aluminium can and copper#))$
sulphate solution by an aluminium sulphate solution( E&plain your answer. #8 mar,s$
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**. <rie!ly describe how you would conduct an e&periment to re!ine a piece o! impure copper plate by
electrolysis. E&plain the chemistry involved.
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