Puzzles

Maths Puzzles
Puzzle 1
Are there more inches in a mile or Sundays in a thousand years?

Inches in a mile: there are 63,360 inches in a mile and about 52,000 Sundays in a
thousand years.
Puzzle 2
Starting in the bottom left corner and moing either u! or right adding u! the
numbers along the "ay, "hat is the largest sum you can ma#e?
2$:
Puzzle 3
%n my local rail"ay trac# there is a tunnel "hich is 5 miles long. A train, "hich "as
&&0 yards long, entered the tunnel at a s!eed of 50 miles !er hour. 'o" long did it
ta#e for the "hole of the train to !ass com!letely through the tunnel? ()ote:
there are *+60 yards in a mile,.
6 minutes and *$ seconds. -he train has to effectiely trael 5.25 miles at 50 m!h.
-ime . /ist 0 S!eed . 5.25 0 50 . 0.*05 hours . 6.3 minutes . 6 minutes *$
seconds. 12/.
Puzzle 4
3esterday my mother as#ed me to buy some stam!s. Stam!s, in the land of
4rain4ashers, are aailable in 2!, +!, *0!, *5! and 20! denominations. 5or three
ty!es of stam! I "as as#ed to buy fie of each. 5or the other t"o ty!es of stam!,
I "as as#ed to buy si6 of each. 7nfortunately I forgot "hich I "as su!!osed to
buy fie of and "hich to buy si6 of. 8uc#ily my mother had gien me the e6act
money re9uired to buy the stam!s, :3.00 and the sho!#ee!er "as able to gie me
the correct stam!s. ;hich stam!s did I buy?
5ie lots of 2!, +! and *5! and si6 lots of *0! and 20!. -he sho!#ee!er rightly
figured that I re9uired fie lots of each of the stam!s, "hich came to :2.+0, he
also #ne" I re9uired t"o more stam!s "hich added u! to the difference. 12/.
Puzzle 5
At midnight on Sunday, /ecember 3*st, <rofessor Stone set t"o of his analogue
cloc#s to the correct time. %ne of his cloc#s gains one minute eery hour and the
other loses t"o minutes eery hour.
*. ;hen "ill the cloc#s ne6t sho" the same time as each other?
2. ;hen "ill the cloc#s both sho" the correct time?
*. =idnight after *0 days, "hich is 2&0 hours later. -hey both sho" & o>cloc#, one
cloc# has gained 2&0 minutes ?& hours@ and the other has lost &$0 minutes ?$
hours@.
2. =idnight after 30 days, "hich is +20 hours later. -hey both no" sho" *2
o>cloc#.
Puzzle 6
At the recent 4rain4ashers %lym!ics, the *00 metres heats "ere closely
monitored. 2ach contestant had to run in t"o races so that the aerage !lace could
be determined. %nly one runner finished in the same !lace in both races. Alan "as
neer last. Aharlie al"ays beat /arren. 4rian had at least one first !lace. Alan
finished third in at least one of the races. 4oth /arren and Aharlie had a second
!lace. ;hat "ere the t"o results?
Bace *: 4rian, Aharlie, Alan, /arren.
Bace 2: Aharlie, /arren, Alan, 4rian.
-o e6!lain C since Aharlie al"ays beat /arren and /arren had a second !lace, one
race must hae been Aharlie first and /arren second. 4rian therefore "on the
other race "ith Aharlie second. Since only one runner finished in the same !lace in
both races, this must hae been Alan in third. 12/.
puzzle 7
-he rier <regel runs through the to"n of Donigsburg. In the rier are t"o islands,
connected to each other and the rest of the city by seen bridges. -he students
of Donigsburg often challenge each other to try to ma#e a tri! crossing all seen
bridges e6actly once C can you find the !ath they hae to ta#e in order to do this?
-here is no such route. -his is a ery famous mathematical !roblem "hich "as first
!osed by 2uler ?!ronounced %iler@. It "as a founding !roblem in gra!h theory, an
area of mathematics "hich is ery im!ortant in modern times, and is used in
eerything from cry!togra!hy to route o!timisations.
Puzzle 8
4y changing the second letter of each "ord belo", you can ma#e another alid
"ord. Aan you change each "ord such that the second letters "ill reeal an eleen
letter "ord "hen read do"n"ards. -herefore, "hat no" reads A;<3B)7A2<A "ill
be a real "ord.
4AD2
S;A<
%<A8
/32/
ABDS
S)%;
87=<
AA2S
=28-
S<7)
BA)-
Inestigate: bi#e, sna!, oal, deed, as#s, sto", lim!, ages, malt, stun, rent.
Puzzle 9
%n my local rail"ay trac# there is a tunnel "hich is 5 miles long. A train, "hich "as
&&0 yards long, entered the tunnel at a s!eed of 50 miles !er hour. 'o" long did it
ta#e for the "hole of the train to !ass com!letely through the tunnel? ()ote:
there are *+60 yards in a mile,.
6 minutes and *$ seconds. -he train has to effectiely trael 5.25 miles at 50 m!h.
-ime . /ist 0 S!eed . 5.25 0 50 . 0.*05 hours . 6.3 minutes . 6 minutes *$
seconds. 12/.
Puzzle 10
7sing the 4rain-rac#er grid belo", ho" many "ords can you find? 2ach "ord must
contain the central R and no letter can be used t"ice. -he letters do not hae to
be connected. <ro!er nouns are not allo"ed, ho"eer, !lurals are. -here is at least
one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 2E "ords. Food: 2& "ords. Aerage: *6 "ords.
T I F
O R O
N P T
Aommon "ords: fir, FOOTPRINT, for, fort, front, intro, iron, noir, nor, or, !oor,
!ort, !ortion, !rint, !rofit, !roof, !roton, rift, riot, ri!, roof, root, rot, torn, tort,
trio, tri!, troo!, trot.
All "ords: fir, firn, FOOTPRINT, for, forint, fort, frit, fritt, fro, front, inro,
intort, intro, iron, nitro, noir, nor, nori, or, or!in, ort, !irn, !oor, !oori, !ort,
!ortion, !rint, !rion, !ro, !rof, !rofit, !ronto, !roof, !roton, rif, rift, rin, riot, ri!,
roof, root, rot, roti, roto, tiro, tor, tori, torn, toro, torot, tort, tortoni, trio, tri!,
triton, troo!, tro!, tro!in, trot.
Puzzle 11
4elo" are ten "ords "hich hae been s!lit in half. -he first column has all of the
starts and the second column has all of the ends. Aan you !air the letters and
rema#e the ten "ords?
4% A5
4B B2
5% )2
F% A5
'% D2
G% 2;
82 I)
8% A=
8% =4
S% <2
4omb, bre", foam, gone, ho!e, Ho#e, leaf, loaf, loin, sore.
Puzzle 12
-his famous rier has a number of cities along its course. ;hat is its name?
=ississi!!i: the diagram is actually the "ord Imississi!!iI on its side.
Puzzle 13
;hich "ord does not belong "ith the others:
dgo act ehors ceffio elrttu e#mnoy
ceffio: this is an anagram of office, the others are animals ?dog, cat, horse, turtle,
mon#ey@.
Puzzle 14
A ban# customer had J*00 in his account. 'e then made 6 "ithdra"als, totalling
J*00. 'e #e!t a record of these "ithdra"als, and the balance remaining in the
account, as follo"s:
;ithdra"als 4alance left
J50 J50
25 25
*0 *5
$ +
5 2
2 0
CCC CCC
J*00 JEE
;hen he added u! the columns as aboe, he assumed that he must o"e J* to the
ban#. ;as he right?
-here is no reason "hateer "hy the customer>s original de!osit of J*00 should
e9ual the total of the balances left after each "ithdra"al. -he total of
"ithdra"als in the leftChand column must al"ays e9ual J*00, but it is !urely a
coincidence that the total of the rightChand column is close to J*00. 5or e6am!le:
;ithdra"als 4alance left
J5 JE5
*0 $5
$5 0
CCC CCC
J*00 J*$0
Puzzle 15
contain the central C and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
hae to be connected. <ro!er nouns are not allo"ed, ho"eer, !lurals are. -here is
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: *E "ords. Food: *+ "ords. Aerage: *&
"ords.
O N T
T C I
N E N
Aommon "ords: cent, cite, coin, con, cone, content, CONTINENT, cot, ice, icon,
innocent, nice, notice, octet, once, tic, tonic.
All "ords: cent, cento, cine, cion, cite, coin, con, cone, coni, conin, conine, conn,
conte, content, CONTINENT, cot, cote, etic, ice, icon, innocent, nice, nocent,
noetic, notice, octet, once, ontic, otic, tic, tinct, tonetic, tonic.
Puzzle 16
-here are three houses, and three utilities: gas, electricity and "ater. 3our tas# is
to connect each house to all three utilities. -herefore each house "ill hae three
lines and each utility "ill also hae three lines. 'o"eer, you cannot cross lines. 3ou
cannot !ass lines through houses or utilities. 3ou cannot share lines. Aan you dra"
the E lines re9uired?
-his !uKKle is a classic one "hich has no solution in 2/. 'o"eer, if you !lace the
items on a doughnut sha!e in 3/ you can sole it. In the !icture belo", 2 is lin#ed
to 3 by going oer the to! and reCentering through the hole in the middle.
Puzzle 17
-here is a closed room "ith a light in it. %utside, there are 3 light s"itches. 3ou
can flic# any of the s"itches any number of times. 3ou can only o!en the door and
go into the room once. 3ou #no" that the light is initially off. 'o" can you
determine "hich light s"itch o!erates the light?
8eae s"itch * alone. 5lic# s"itch 2 for * hour, then flic# bac#. 5lic# s"itch 3. )o"
loo#. If the light is on, then the s"itch is 3, if the light bulb is "arm, then s"itch
2, else s"itch *.
puzzle 18
4rain4ashers electronic !oc#et "ord !rocessor is !laying u! again. In each of the
"ell #no" sayings belo", eery "ord has one letter that is "rong. ;hat should each
sentence read?
Ill food thin#s dust dome so in and.
Ahat yog sea it chat yog "et.
-o! mane cor#s smoil tie froth.
4east sand moonest bended.
Sore s"eed yess "aste.
4ed sly it fight, shi!herd>s defight.

All good things must come to an end.
;hat you see is "hat you get.
-oo many coo#s s!oil the broth.
8east said soonest mended.
=ore s!eed less haste.
Bed s#y at night, she!herd>s delight.
Puzzle 19
3esterday my mother as#ed me to buy some stam!s. Stam!s, in the land of
4rain4ashers, are aailable in 2!, +!, *0!, *5! and 20! denominations. 5or three
ty!es of stam! I "as as#ed to buy fie of each. 5or the other t"o ty!es of stam!,
I "as as#ed to buy si6 of each. 7nfortunately I forgot "hich I "as su!!osed to
buy fie of and "hich to buy si6 of. 8uc#ily my mother had gien me the e6act
money re9uired to buy the stam!s, :3.00 and the sho!#ee!er "as able to gie me
the correct stam!s. ;hich stam!s did I buy?

5ie lots of 2!, +! and *5! and si6 lots of *0! and 20!. -he sho!#ee!er rightly
figured that I re9uired fie lots of each of the stam!s, "hich came to :2.+0, he
also #ne" I re9uired t"o more stam!s "hich added u! to the difference. 12/.
Puzzle 20
contain the central G and no letter can be used t"ice. -he letters do not hae to
one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: *+ "ords. Food: *& "ords. Aerage: *0 "ords.
I E
! G T
" I E
Aommon "ords: dig, digest, IGE!TI"E, digit, digits, digs, edge, edges, get, gets,
gist, gie, gies, sedge, siege, sieged, estige.
All "ords: dig, digest, IGE!TI"E, digit, digits, digs, edge, edges, edgiest, egest,
egis, ged, geds, gee, geed, gees, geest, gest, geste, get, gets, gid, gids, gie, gied,
gies, gist, git, gits, gie, gies, sedge, seg, siege, sieged, teg, tegs, eg, egie,
egies, estige, ig, igs.
Puzzle 21
-here are 5 houses in 5 different colours. In each house lies a !erson of a
different nationality. -he 5 o"ners drin# a certain ty!e of beerage, smo#e a
certain brand of cigar, and #ee! a certain !et. 7sing the clues belo" can you
determine "ho o"ns the fish?
-he 4rit lies in a red house.
-he S"ede #ee!s dogs as !ets.
-he /ane drin#s tea.
-he green house is on the immediate left of the "hite house.
-he green house o"ner drin#s coffee.
-he !erson "ho smo#es <all =all rears birds.
-he o"ner of the yello" house smo#es /unhill.
-he man liing in the house right in the middle drin#s mil#.
-he )or"egian lies in the first house.
-he man "ho smo#es 4lend lies ne6t door to the one "ho #ee!s cats.
-he man "ho #ee!s horses lies ne6t door to the man "ho smo#es /unhill.
-he o"ner "ho smo#es 4lue =aster drin#s beer.
-he Ferman smo#es <rince.
-he )or"egian lies ne6t to the blue house.
-he man "ho smo#es 4lend has a neighbour "ho drin#s "ater.
-his !uKKle is usually attributed to 2instein, "ho may or may not hae "ritten it.
-he Ferman o"ns the fish and the table belo" details the full ans"er:
)ationality: )or"eg /ane 4rit Ferman S"ede
Aolour : 3ello" 4lue Bed Freen ;hite
4eerage : "ater tea mil# coffee beer
Smo#es : /unhill 4lend <all =all <rince 4lue =aster
<et : cats horses birds fish dogs
Puzzle 22
-he 4rain4ashers safe has a rather unusual control !anel. In order to o!en the
safe you hae to p#ess e$e#% s&'(le )utt*' once only, in the correct se9uence,
ending on the button mar#ed E. 2ach button clearly states "hich button to !ress
ne6t, for e6am!le, 27 means moe u! 2 buttons and 3B means moe right 3
buttons. Aan you determine "hich button you must start "ith?
6 6 1R 1R 1R 1R 1
2 1 1+ 2, 1R 2 2,
2+ 4R 1+ 3R 2 5, 2,
1R 3+ 1+ 2 E 2 3,
3+ 1, 1+ 2, 2 2, 1,
1R 3R 1+ 3+ 2+ 1 2+
1+ 2R 1+ 5+ 2, 1R 2+
Start "ith the 27 "hich is on the 6th ro" do"n and the +th column across.
Puzzle 23
At midnight on Sunday, /ecember 3*st, <rofessor Stone set t"o of his analogue
cloc#s to the correct time. %ne of his cloc#s gains one minute eery hour and the
other loses t"o minutes eery hour.
*. ;hen "ill the cloc#s ne6t sho" the same time as each other?
2. ;hen "ill the cloc#s both sho" the correct time?
*. =idnight after *0 days, "hich is 2&0 hours later. -hey both sho" & o>cloc#, one
cloc# has gained 2&0 minutes ?& hours@ and the other has lost &$0 minutes ?$
hours@.
2. =idnight after 30 days, "hich is +20 hours later. -hey both no" sho" *2
o>cloc#.
Puzzle 24
;hat is re!resented by this 4rain4at?
sdra"
4ac#"ards.
Puzzle 25
contain the central + and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 50 "ords. Food: 35 "ords. Aerage: 25
"ords.
! R O
T + -
N - T
Aommon "ords: -!TRON-+T, aunt, aunts, aura, auras, auto, nut, nuts, our, ours,
oust, out, outran, rout, routs, run, runs, runt, runts, rust, rut, ruts, sauna, snout,
sour, stout, strut, stun, stunt, sun, taunt, taunts, taut, tour, tours, tout, touts,
trout, truant, truants, trust, turn, turns, tutor, tutors, unto, urn, urns, us.
All "ords: -!TRON-+T, aunt, aunts, aura, auras, auto, autos, nous, nu, nus, nut,
nuts, onus, our, ours, oust, out, outran, outs, outsat, roust, rout, routs, ruana,
ruanas, run, runs, runt, runts, rust, rut, ruts, santour, santur, saturant, sau, sauna,
snout, sou, sour, stour, stout, strunt, strut, stun, stunt, sturt, sun, sura, sutra,
sutta, tau, taunt, taunts, taus, taut, tauts, tonus, torus, tour, tours, tout, touts,
trout, trouts, truant, truants, trust, tun, tuna, tunas, tuns, turn, turns, tut, tutor,
tutors, tuts, un, uns, unto, urn, urns, ursa, us, ut, uta, utas, uts.
Puzzle 26
<lace the "ords belo" into !airs. 3ou "ill then hae 5 lots of eight letters, each of
"hich is an anagram of another "ord. ;hat are the original 5 "ords?
<22B
-I=2
/A-2
;A88
G7)2
-%)2
S)%4
S2A-
<A82
LI82
(Bef: MM21, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Antelo!e . !ale N tone, Huenile . ile N Hune, re!eated . !eer N date, sno"ball .
snob N "all, estimate . time N seat.
Puzzle 27
4elo" you "ill see si6 glasses. -hree of these glasses contain orange. =oing only
%)2 glass, can you arrange the glasses such that those containing the orange are
together?
(Bef: M)A;,
Sim!ly ta#e the second glass and !our the orange into the fifth glass.
Puzzle 28
=y 4rain4ashers electronic "orld atlas has deelo!ed a fault, I did a listing of
miles from 2ngland to !articular countries and here is the result:
S!ain *&,000 miles
5iHi *2,000 miles
Fermany *$,000 miles
4raKil *6,000 miles
India *6,000 miles
'o" far a"ay did it list Iceland as?
(Bef: MMD8, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
20,000: each o"el is "orth &,000 miles and each consonant is "orth 2,000.
Puzzle 29
I hae a dra"er full of soc#s. -here are &0 soc#s of each colour, bro"n and grey,
eenly mi6ed. In the morning, "hen it is ery dar#, I need to !ull out a !air of soc#s
of the same colour. 'o" many must I !ull out of the dra"er to ensure that I hae
at least one !air of matching soc#s?
(Bef: M==S, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
-hree soc#s. ;hicheer I !ull out first, the second "ill either match, or I "ill hae
one of each, ready for the third soc#.
Puzzle 30
contain the central F and no letter can be used t"ice. -he letters do not hae to be
connected. <ro!er nouns are not allo"ed, ho"eer, !lurals are. -here is at least one
nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 33 "ords. Food: 26 "ords. Aerage: 2* "ords.
O N O
- F T
E R N
(Bef: M3AI, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: afoot, aft, after, -FTERNOON, fan, far, fare, fat, fate, fear,
feat, fen, fern, feta, foe, font, foot, footer, for, fore, fort, forte, frat, fret, fro,
front, oaf, of, oft, often, raft, roof.
All "ords: afoot, afore, aft, after, -FTERNOON, arf, ef, eft, fa, fan, fane,
fanner, fano, fanon, far, fare, faro, fat, fate, fear, feat, fen, fer, fern, fet, feta,
fetor, foe, foetor, fon, font, foot, footer, for, fora, fore, fort, forte, frae, frat,
frena, fret, fro, froe, front, fronton, nonfat, oaf, of, oft, often, ofter, raft, ref,
reft, roof, tref.
Puzzle 31
Aan you dra" the follo"ing "ithout lifting your !en from the !a!er, or going oer
the same line t"ice, or crossing any line?
(Bef: M2OF,
Puzzle 32
Aan you find the anagrams of the follo"ing "ords?
A%AF78A-2
AALI-A-2S
4AA-2BIA8
4A8A)A2BS
'2A/8A=<S
=I82S-%)2
-282<'%)3
/IF)I5I2S
7))%-IA2/
(Bef: MDBL, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
AA-A8%F72
AA-ILA-2S
AA8I4BA-2
4AB)AA82S
8A=<S'A/2
8I=2S-%)2
<%83-'2)2
SIF)I5I2/
A%)-I)72/
Puzzle 33
A long train, half a #ilometre long, is about to enter a long tunnel. -he tunnel is *0#
long. If the s!eed of the train is 35#!h, ho" long "ill it ta#e for the entire train to
!ass through the tunnel C from the front of the train entering to the end of the
train leaing the tunnel?
(Bef: MB;5,
-he train ta#es *$ minutes. -he front of the train has to initially trael *0# to
leae the tunnel, and then a further 0.5# until the rear of the train has left the
tunnel C a total of *0.5#. ;hich ta#es 60 P ?*0.5 0 35@ . *$ minutes.
Puzzle 34
MMM2
MM2M
M2MM
2MMM
(Bef: MAFO, Ao!yrighted
/iagonally C the 2>s are along the diagonal.
Puzzle 35
contain the central R and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: *00 "ords. Food: $0 "ords. Aerage: 60
"ords.
E T -
G R N
, E C
(Bef: M1D;, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: acre, agree, alert, alter, anger, angler, antler, arc, are, art, canter,
car, care, cart, cartel, cater, center, central, centre, cereal, claret, cleaner, clear,
crag, crane, crate, create, eager, ear, earl, earn, eater, enlarge, enrage, enter, era,
erect, eternal, gear, general, genre, gentler, glare, gnarl, grace, grant, grate, great,
green, greet, lager, lancer, large, later, learn, learnt, lectern, leer, near, neater,
nectar, race, rag, rage, ran, rang, range, rant, rat, rate, react, reagent, real,
recant, recent, rectal, RECT-NG,E, reel, reenact, regal, regent, relate, relent,
renal, rent, rental, tar, tare, tear, tern, trace, trance, treacle, tree.
All "ords: acre, ager, agree, alert, alter, anger, angler, antler, antre, ar, arc, are,
arete, argent, argle, art, artel, cager, caner, canter, car, care, careen, caret, carl,
carle, carn, carnet, cart, carte, cartel, cater, centare, center, centra, central,
centre, cerate, cere, cereal, clanger, claret, cleaner, clear, crag, crane, crate,
create, creel, crenate, crenel, eager, eagre, ear, earl, earn, eater, ecarte, eger,
egret, elater, enlarge, enrage, enter, entera, enteral, er, era, ere, erect, erg,
ergate, ern, erne, eternal, galere, gar, garnet, gear, genera, general, genre, gentler,
gerent, glancer, glare, gleaner, gnar, gnarl, grace, gran, grant, grantee, grat, grate,
great, greaten, gree, green, greet, lacer, lager, lancer, lar, laree, large, later,
leaner, lear, learn, learnt, lectern, leer, leger, nacre, narc, near, neater, nectar,
negater, race, rag, rage, ragee, rale, ran, rance, ranee, rang, range, rant, rat, rate,
ratel, re, react, reagent, real, rec, recane, recant, recent, reclean, recta, rectal,
RECT-NG,E, ree, reel, reenact, reg, regal, regale, regent, regental, reglet, regna,
regnal, relace, relate, relent, relet, renal, rent, rental, rente, ret, retag, rete,
taler, tangler, tanrec, tar, tare, targe, tarn, tear, teleran, tenrec, terce, tercel,
terga, tergal, tern, terne, trace, trance, treacle, tree, treen.
Puzzle 36
=essrs 4utcher, 4a#er, Aar!enter and <lumber are currently attending another
conention. )oCone is currently, nor eer has been in the same !rofession as their
name and noCone has had the same !rofession t"ice. Alan is no" a butcher, "hereas
=r 4rian 4utcher used to be a ba#er. -he !erson "ho is no" a car!enter used to be
a butcher. Aharlie has neer been a ba#er, =r /arren Aar!enter has neer been a
butcher and =r 4a#er is not no" a car!enter. Aan you determine their full names,
along "ith their current and !reious !rofessions?
(Bef: M5/I, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aurrent <reious
Alan 4a#er 4utcher Aar!enter
4rian 4utcher <lumber 4a#er
Aharlie <lumber Aar!enter 4utcher
/arren Aar!enter 4a#er <lumber
Puzzle 37
-his chess Ding has to isit eery s9uare on the 565 board, once, and once only.
'o"eer, this Ding can only moe u!0do"n or left0right, and cannot moe
diagonally. 'o" can the Ding com!lete this challenge?
(Bef: M<;2,
-his cannot be done, no matter "hat route the Ding ta#es, there "ill al"ays be at
least one s9uare unisited.
Puzzle 38
1uestion + on the local 4rain4ashers !ub 9uiK "as:
)ame an ancient inention, "hich is still used in some !arts of the "orld today,
that allo"s !eo!le to see through "alls.
;hat can this be?
(Bef: M7A=,
A "indo"Q
Puzzle 39
(Bef: MGM%, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
-o! hat.
Puzzle 40
contain the central F and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: ** "ords. Food: $ "ords. Aerage: + "ords.
F I T
C F
+ , I
(Bef: M)MA, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: cliff, cuff, IFFIC+,T, fit, fitful, flit, flu, fluid, if, lift, tiff.
All "ords: cliff, clift, cuff, cuif, IFFIC+,T, duff, fid, fil, fit, fitful, flic, flit, flu,
fluid, fluidic, fuci, fud, if, iff, lift, luff, tiff, tuff.
Puzzle 41
Ale6, 4ret, Ahris, /ere#, 2ddie, 5red, Freg, 'arold, and Gohn are nine students
"ho lie in a three storey building, "ith three rooms on each floor. A room in the
;est "ing, one in the centre, and one in the 2ast "ing. If you loo# directly at the
building, the left side is ;est and the right side is 2ast. 2ach student is assigned
e6actly one room. Aan you find "here each of their rooms is:
*. 'arold does not lie on the bottom floor.
2. 5red lies directly aboe Gohn and directly ne6t to 4ret ?"ho lies in the ;est
"ing@.
3. 2ddie lies in the 2ast "ing and one floor higher than 5red.
&. /ere# lies directly aboe 5red.
5. Freg lies directly aboe Ahris.
(Bef: M1GM, R Ahris Goh
5rom the highest floor to lo"est "e hae:
;est Aentre 2ast
.... ...... ....
'arold /ere# 2ddie
4ret 5red Freg
Ale6 Gohn Ahris
Puzzle 42
7sing all of the letters A to M, each once only, com!lete these "ords:
banP
PaPiPet
PaiKP
sPPth
naPeP
PecoP
PocuP
PlaPe
PPn#
fP6
bePPre
ePuiP
otPer
"isP
Poast
(Bef: MLM', . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
4an#, cabinet, maiKe ,si6th, nael, decoy, focus, glaKe, Hun#, fo6, be"are, e9ui!,
otter, "ish, roast.
Puzzle 43
A ' I = A / 2 ) A
(Bef: MB2G,
=ade in Ahina.
Puzzle 44
;hat does this e9uation sim!lify to?
?6 C a@ P ?6 C b@ P ?6 C c@ P ... P ?6 C K@ . ?
(Bef: M-/B,
0: since one of the terms is ?6 C 6@.
Puzzle 45
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 36 "ords. Food: 2$ "ords. Aerage: 2*
"ords.
R O C
I C ,
E O
(Bef: MB)7, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: cider, circle, circled, cleric, clod, cod, code, coil, coiled, cold,
colder, colic, color, colored, coo, cooed, cool, cooled, cooler, cord, core, cored,
cried, CROCOI,E, decor, dice, dicer, docile, ice, iced, lice, recoil, relic, rice, roc.
All "ords: cedi, ceil, cel, ceorl, cerci, ceric, cero, cicero, cider, circle, circled, cire,
cleric, clerid, clod, coco, cod, code, codec, coder, coed, coil, coiled, coiler, coir, col,
cold, colder, cole, coled, colic, color, colored, coo, cooed, cooer, cool, cooled, cooler,
cor, cord, core, cored, credo, cried, croc, croci, CROCOI,E, deco, decolor, decor,
dice, dicer, doc, docile, dolce, dolci, ice, iced, lice, loci, loco, locoed, oceloid, odic,
oleic, orc, rec, recoil, relic, rice, riced, roc.
Puzzle 46
/uring a recent !olice inestigation, Ahief Ins!ector Stone "as interie"ing fie
local illains to try and identify "ho stole =rs Archer>s ca#e from the midC
summers fayre. 4elo" is a summary of their statements:
Arnold: it "asn>t 2d"ard
it "as 4rian
4rian: it "asn>t Aharlie
it "asn>t 2d"ard
Aharlie: it "as 2d"ard
it "asn>t Arnold
/ere#: it "as Aharlie
it "as 4rian
2d"ard: it "as /ere#
it "asn>t Arnold
It "as "ell #no"n that each sus!ect told e6actly one lie. Aan you determine "ho
stole the ca#e?
(Bef: M5SA, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aharlie committed the terrible crime. -he "ay to sole this !uKKle is to loo# at
each clue. ;e #no" that e6actly one of each !erson>s statements is true. 8oo#ing
at Arnold>s statements, let>s chec# to see >it "as 4rian> is true? If >it "as 4rian>
is true, then "e #no" the other statement is false, therefore it "as 2d"ard. -his
is a contradiction. 'ence "e no" #no" it "asn>t 4rian, nor 2d"ard ?as >it "asn>t
2d"ard> must be the true statement@. 8oo#ing at Aharlie>s statement, "e can
similarly determine that it "asn>t Arnold either. 2d"ard>s statement gies us that
it "asn>t /ere#, "hich leaes only Aharlie as the cul!rit. It is al"ays "ise to chec#
this against the other clues. 12/.
Puzzle 47
;hen the day before yesterday "as referred to as the day after tomorro", the
day that "as then called yesterday "as as far a"ay from the day "e no" call
tomorro" as yesterday is from the day "hich "e shall no" be able to s!ea# of last
=onday as a "ee# ago yesterday. ;hat day is it?
(Bef: MSG1,
-hursday. 8et the day number be /3 ?arbitrary@, then the day before yesterday is
/*, so for it to be referred to as the day after tomorro" ma#es it /6, the day
then called yesterday "as /5 C "hich is as far a"ay from the day "e no" call /&,
i.e. "as a day ahead. -his is the same as yesterday, /2, is from -uesday. So /2 is
one day ahead of -uesday . ;ednesday and "e "ant /3 . -hursday. 12/.
Puzzle 48
Ans"er 9uic#ly. Starting "ith an em!ty barrel, "hich ha!!ens first?
203 full
*0& em!ty
*02 full
30& em!ty
(Bef: M421, Submitted by: Ameer Sabri
30& em!ty: since 30& em!ty means *0& full.
Puzzle 49
2erything =r Bed o"ns is red, he lies in a red bungalo" and his chairs are red,
his tables are red. 'is ceiling, "alls and floor are all red. All of his clothes are red,
his shoes are red, een his car!et, teleision and !hone are red. ;hat colour are
his stairs?
(Bef: M/-5,
'e doesn>t hae any stairs because he lies in a bungalo"Q
Puzzle 50
contain the central R and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 3$ "ords. Food: 3* "ords. Aerage: 25
"ords.
C O N
O R
T C +
(Bef: M-=-, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: concord, concur, condor, CON+CTOR, contour, cord, cordon, corn,
court, croon, crud, cur, curd, curt, doctor, donor, door, dour, nor, occur, odor,
odour, or, our, rod, root, rot, rotund, round, rout, run, runt, rut, torn, tour, trod,
turn, unroot, urn.
All "ords: concord, concur, condor, CON+CTOR, contour, cor, cord, cordon, corn,
cornu, cornuto, court, croc, croon, croton, crouton, crud, cur, curd, curn, curt,
doctor, donor, door, dor, dour, durn, duro, duroc, nor, nurd, occur, odor, odour, or,
orc, ordo, orotund, ort, our, roc, rod, rondo, rood, root, rot, roto, rotund, round,
rout, run, runt, rut, tor, torc, torn, toro, tour, trod, turn, unroot, untrod, urd, urn.
Puzzle 51
At a musical recital fie students ?Gohn, Date, 8arry, =ary and )ic#@ !erformed
fie musical !ieces. -"o by 4ach, t"o by =oKart and one by Lialdi. -here "ere
three iolinists and t"o !ianists. 2ach student !erformed only one !iece, and
!layed only one instrument. 5ind the order of the students, their res!ectie
instruments and the com!oser, "ith the follo"ing conditions:
*. -he com!osers "ere not !layed consecutiely. Lialdi "as !layed last and =oKart
"as !layed first.
2. -here "as one !iano !iece that "as !layed bet"een t"o iolin !ieces, and t"o
iolin !ieces bet"een the first and last !iano !iece.
3. -here "ere no !iano !ieces by =oKart.
&. Date !layed third.
5. )ic# !layed the !iano, and immediately follo"ed Gohn, "ho !layed a !iece by
=oKart.
6. =ary did not !lay a !iece by Lialdi.
(Bef: MAS4, R Ahris Goh
* . Gohn !layed =oKart on the Liolin
2 . )ic# !layed 4ach on the <iano
3 . Date !layed =oKart on the Liolin
& . =ary !layed 4ach on the Liolin
5 . 8arry !layed Lialdi on the <iano
Puzzle 52
;hat number comes ne6t in this se9uence:
0 *0 ***0 3**0 *32**0 ***3*22**0 ..?..
(Bef: MGLG,
3**3**222**0: each terms describes the !reious one. ;e start "ith 0, "hich is
one Kero . *0. *0 is one one, one Kero . ***0. ***0 is three ones, one Kero . 3**0,
etc.
Puzzle 53
4elo" are thirteen "ords, each of "hich has had t"o letters remoed. -he
remaining letters are in the correct order. 4et"een them, the thirteen "ords hae
had the letters ACM remoed, each once only. Aan you find the original "ords?
4AF
/2/
/IA
7%A
I/2
%28
7=S
<I3
F%7
)A8
ABA
7=4
/-3
(Bef: M-)I, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
4adge, daKed, diary, 9uota, inde6, o"el, bum!s, !igmy, ghoul, final, crac#, Humbo,
dusty.
Puzzle 54
(Bef: M7;F, Ao!yrighted
=il# sha#e.
Puzzle 55
contain the central and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 6& "ords. Food: &2 "ords. Aerage: 30
"ords.
M E N
! O
I N I
(Bef: M5A/, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: demo, demon, demons, demos, den, denim, denims, dens, die, dies,
dim, dime, IMEN!ION, dimes, dims, din, dine, dines, dins, do, doe, does, dome,
domes, don, done, dons, dos, dose, end, ends, id, ides, idiom, idioms, ids, inside,
iodine, iodise, ionised, mend, mends, mid, midi, midis, mind, minds, mined, mod,
mode, modes, mods, nod, node, nodes, nods, nosed, ode, odes, send, side, sinned,
snide, sod.
All "ords: de, deism, demo, demon, demons, demos, den, denim, denims, dens, die,
dies, dim, dime, IMEN!ION, dimes, dims, din, dine, dines, dins, dis, disme, do,
doe, does, dom, dome, domes, domine, domines, dominie, dominies, doms, don, done,
donne, dons, donsie, dos, dose, ed, eidos, emodin, emodins, end, ends, id, idem, ides,
idiom, idioms, ids, imid, imide, imides, imido, imids, indie, indies, inned, inside, iodin,
iodine, iodines, iodins, iodise, iodism, ionised, med, medii, mend, mends, mid, midi,
midis, mids, mind, minds, mined, misdo, misdone, mod, mode, modes, modi, mods,
monde, mondes, monied, nide, nides, nidi, nod, node, nodes, nodi, nods, noised,
nosed, od, ode, odes, ods, onside, send, side, sinned, sned, snide, sod, sonde.
Puzzle 56
;ithout using any reference material can you find the hidden countries. In each
case, the letter indicates the first letter of the country in 9uestion, the number
re!resents the number of letters in the country. 5or e6am!le, 2+ "ould be
2ngland.
4*0 25 5& 5+ G5 8*3 )E S** -+ M6
(Bef: M15B, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
4angladesh , 2gy!t , 5iHi , 5inland , Ga!an , 8iechtenstein , )icaragua , S"itKerland ,
-unisia , Mambia.
Puzzle 57
4y changing the second letter of each of the "ords belo", can you ma#e another
alid "ord. 3ou hae to change each "ord such that the second letters "ill reeal a
ten letter "ord "hen read do"n"ards. -herefore, "hat no" reads ABAI'B7A)2
"ill be a real "ord.
IA%)
AB2;
5AB=
%I83
A'%<
ABI/
57)/
;AI-
F)A-
-2AB
(Bef: ML1O, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Bhinoceros: iron, che", firm, only, coo!, acid, fend, "rit, goat, tsar.
Puzzle 58
;e hae been 9uite luc#y "ith the "eather recently, it has got steadily "armer
each day, oer the last fie days. 4y this, I mean that the tem!erature rose by the
same amount each day. -he aerage tem!erature "as 2 degrees A and I #no" it
froKe on t"o occasions. I also #no" the !roduct of the tem!eratures "as oer 500
degrees but belo" 2,000 degrees and each tem!erature "as an integer. ;hat "ere
the last 5 tem!eratures?
(Bef: M'IB, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
-he tem!eratures "ere C6, C2, 2, 6, *0 degrees A. 2ach day increased by a steady &
degrees.
Puzzle 59
2
8
F
F
7
B
-
S
(Bef: ML<F, Ao!yrighted
7!hill struggle.
Puzzle 60
contain the central G and no letter can be used t"ice. -he letters do not hae to
one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: *0E "ords. Food: $0 "ords. Aerage: 50 "ords.
N I T
! G -
+ R E
(Bef: M2/=, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: aegis, age, agent, ague, anger, angriest, angst, argent, argue, auger,
easing, eating, erasing, gain, gainer, gait, gaiter, gantries, garnet, gas, gate, gaunt,
gear, genius, gent, genus, get, giant, gin, girt, gist, gnat, gnu, grain, granite, grant,
grate, gratis, great, grin, grist, grit, grunt, guest, guinea, guise, guitar, gun, gust,
gut, ingest, nag, rag, rage, rang, range, rating, regain, reign, resign, resting, rig,
ring, rug, ruing, rung, rusting, sag, sage, sang, searing, seating, sign, !IGN-T+RE,
signer, signet, sing, singe, singer, snag, snug, stag, stage, stager, staring, sting,
stinger, strange, string, strung, stung, sugar, suing, sung, surge, tag, tang, tangier,
tearing, teasing, tiger, ting, tinge, tug, urge, urgent, usage, using.
All "ords: aegis, ag, age, ageist, agent, agents, ager, agers, ages, agin, agist, ague,
agues, aigret, aigrets, anger, angers, angriest, angst, argent, argents, argue,
argues, argus, astringe, auger, augers, augite, augites, earing, earings, easing,
easting, eating, eatings, egis, eng, engirt, engs, erasing, erg, ergs, gae, gaen, gaes,
gain, gainer, gainers, gains, gainst, gait, gaiter, gaiters, gaits, gan, gane, ganister,
gantries, gar, garnet, garnets, garni, gars, gas, gast, gaster, gastrin, gat, gate,
gates, gats, gaun, gaunt, gaunter, G-+NTRIE!, gaur, gaurs, gear, gears, gen,
genius, gens, gent, gents, genu, genua, genus, gest, get, geta, getas, gets, giant,
giants, gie, gien, gies, gin, gins, girn, girns, girt, girts, gist, git, gits, gnar, gnars,
gnat, gnats, gnu, gnus, grain, grains, gran, granite, granites, grans, grant, grants,
grat, grate, grates, gratin, gratine, gratins, gratis, great, greats, grin, grins, grist,
grit, grits, grue, grues, grunt, grunts, guan, guans, guar, guars, guest, guinea,
guineas, guise, guitar, guitars, gun, gunite, gunites, guns, gurnet, gurnets, gust,
gustier, gut, guts, gutsier, ingate, ingates, ingest, ingesta, ingrate, ingrates, nag,
nags, negus, rag, rage, rages, ragi, ragis, rags, rang, range, ranges, rangiest, rasing,
rating, ratings, reagin, reagins, reg, regain, regains, regina, reginas, regius, regna,
regs, reign, reigns, renig, renigs, resign, resting, retag, retags, reusing, rig, rigs,
ring, rings, rug, ruga, rugae, rugate, rugs, ruing, rung, rungs, rusting, sag, sage,
sager, sagier, sang, sanger, sarge, sating, sauger, sauteing, seagirt, searing, seating,
seg, segni, sengi, sering, seringa, sign, !IGN-T+RE, signer, signet, sing, singe,
singer, snag, snug, stag, stage, stager, stagier, staig, stang, staring, sting, stinger,
strang, strange, string, strung, stung, sugar, suing, sung, surge, tag, tags, tang,
tangier, tangs, targe, targes, taring, tearing, teasing, teg, tegs, tegua, teguas,
terga, tiger, tigers, ting, tinge, tinges, tings, tragi, tragus, triage, triages, trig,
trigs, trueing, trug, trugs, truing, tug, tugs, tung, tungs, ungirt, unitage, unitages,
unrig, unrigs, urge, urgent, urges, usage, using.
Puzzle 61
'ere is sni!!et of section A of the curious multi!leCchoice entrance e6am into the
e6clusie 4rain4ashers !uKKle club.
*. -he first 9uestion "ith A as the correct ans"er is:
A. 3
4. &
A. *
/. 2
2. -he first 9uestion "ith A as the correct ans"er is:
A. &
4. 2
A. 3
/. *
3. -he first 9uestion "ith / as the correct ans"er is:
A. *
4. 2
A. &
/. 3
&. -he first 9uestion "ith 4 as the correct ans"er is:
A. 2
4. &
A. 3
/. *
(Bef: M/7L, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
*. /
2. A
3. A
&. 4
Puzzle 62
;ithin the 4rain4ashers school, the science de!artment has three disci!lines. In
total, 2$0 students study chemistry, 25& students study !hysics and 2$0 students
study biology. E+ students study both chemistry and !hysics, *3$ students study
both !hysics and biology, *52 students study both chemistry and biology. +3
students study all three disci!lines. Aan you determine ho" many students there
are in the science de!artment? -he ans"er is "ell belo" $*&.
(Bef: MM37, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
500 students. -he ans"er is most easily seen if three intersecting circles are
dra"n, and the numbers inside each section "or#ed out.
Puzzle 63
An errand boy "as collecting bo6es of ca#es for the Summer 5air. 'e collected
bo6es from arious !eo!le in his local illage and each bo6 "as labelled in Boman
)umerals "ith the number of ca#es in the bo6. 4y the time the errand boy had
collected the last bo6, he "as 9uite hungry, and really needed to eat at least one
ca#e. 8uc#ily the last bo6 "as mar#ed "ith an underlined OI, meaning there "ere **
ca#es in it. 'e had the brain "ae of turning the bo6 around and underlining the
number again to gie the im!ression there "ere IO, that is E ca#es. 'o"eer, after
eating the 2 ca#es, he "as still hungry. 'o" can he change the number sho"n on
the bo6 again and eat more ca#es?
(Bef: M1BB, Idea by Alin Dong
'e could add an S to the IO to gie the im!ression there "ere su!!osed to be 6
ca#es in the bo6, so eating 5 ca#es in total.
Puzzle 64
-his is an unusual !aragra!h. I>m curious ho" 9uic#ly you can find out "hat is so
unusual about it. It loo#s so !lain you "ould thin# nothing is "rong "ith it. In fact,
nothing is "rong "ith itQ It is unusual though. Study it, and thin# about it, but you
still may not find anything odd. 4ut if you "or# at it a bit, you might find out. -ry
to do so "ithout any coachingQ
(Bef: MI)%,
-he letter >e>, "hich is the most common letter in the 2nglish language, does not
a!!ear once in the !aragra!h.
Puzzle 65
contain the central 0 and no letter can be used t"ice. -he letters do not hae to
one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: &6 "ords. Food: 30 "ords. Aerage: 20 "ords.
E - R
T 0 E
1 N I
(Bef: MA;;, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: bath, bathe, beneath, berth, birth, breath, breathe, earth,
earthen, either, ether, habit, hair, hairnet, hare, hat, hate, he, hear, heart, heat,
heater, heir, hen, her, herb, here, hernia, hi, 0I1ERN-TE, hint, hire, hit, neither,
nether, reheat, than, the, thee, their, then, there, thin, three.
All "ords: aether, ah, airth, anther, bah, baht, baith, bath, bathe, bather, beneath,
berth, bertha, beth, birth, breath, breathe, earth, earthen, eath, eh, either, eth,
ethane, ether, ha, habit, hae, haen, haet, hair, hairnet, hant, hare, hart, hat, hate,
hater, he, hear, heart, hearten, heat, heater, heir, hen, henbit, hent, her, herb,
here, hereat, herein, hern, hernia, herniae, herniate, het, hi, 0I1ERN-TE, hie, hin,
hint, hinter, hire, hit, IN1RE-T0E, inearth, inhere, ither, nah, neath, neither,
nether, nth, rah, rath, rathe, rehab, reheat, rhea, tahr, thae, than, thane, the,
thebaine, thebe, thee, thein, theine, their, then, thenar, there, therein, thin, thine,
thir, three.
Puzzle 66
'o" many times does the "ord G783 a!!ear in this grid?
3 G 7 8 3 7 G 7 8 3 7 G 7 8 3
8 G 7 8 3 3 3 3 G 8 3 8 7 G 7
7 G G G G 8 3 8 8 7 3 3 3 3 3
G 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 G 8 8 8 8 8
3 8 7 G 8 G 7 G G G G 3 7 7 7
3 3 7 G 3 3 G 7 G 3 7 3 G G G
G 8 G 7 8 3 8 7 G 7 8 3 G 7 7
3 7 7 8 7 3 8 7 G 7 3 7 8 8 8
G G 8 3 G 3 G 3 G 7 8 3 G 3 3
7 7 G 3 G 7 8 3 8 3 7 8 8 8 G
8 8 G 7 8 3 8 7 8 7 G 7 7 7 G
3 3 3 3 8 3 G 3 G 7 G G 8 7 G
G 7 8 3 8 3 8 7 G 7 G 3 8 7 G
G 7 7 7 G 7 8 3 8 7 G 3 8 7 G
G 7 G 7 G 3 G 7 8 3 8 3 8 7 G
(Bef: MMI=, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
++.
Puzzle 67
*00 !risoners are loc#ed u! in indiidual cells, unable to see, s!ea# or communicate
in any "ay "ith each other. -here is a central liing room "ith a single light bulb,
the bulb is initially off and no !risoner can see the light bulb from their o"n cell.
2ery day, the "arden !ic#s a !risoner at random, and that !risoner goes to the
central liing room. ;hile there, the !risoner can toggle the bulb if they "ish ?off
to on, or on to off@. At any !oint, any !risoner can claim that all *00 !risoners hae
been to the liing room. If they are "rong then all *00 !risoners "ill loc#ed u!
foreerQ 'o"eer, if they are correct all of the !risoners are set free.
4efore the random !ic#ing begins, the !risoners are allo"ed to discuss a !lan.
;hat is their best !lan to determine "hen all *00 !risoners hae isited the liing
room?
(Bef: MA;O,
%ne !erson is chosen as the Aounter. ;hen a !risoner enters the liing room, if the
light is off they turn it on C but only if they hae neer s"itched it on before.
;hen the Aounter enters the room, if the light is on, they "ill turn it off. ;hen
the Aounter has turned the light off EE times, they "ill #no" that EE !risoners
hae turned it on, and therefore eery one of them has isited the liing room and
this "ill allo" them all to be set free. 12/.
Puzzle 68
=y *0, $, 3 is a boisterous lad.
=y E, &, $, + is the underground !art of a tree.
=y 6, 5, + is admired by some.
=y 3, &, *, + can be used to #ee! a door shut.
=y 2, *, +, 6, E is "here "e !ray.
=y "hole is "here some discoeries are made.
(Bef: M%%/, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
8aboratory: yob, root, art, bolt, altar.
Puzzle 69
If cat and a half can catch a mouse and a half in a day and a half ho" many mice
can 3 cats catch in 3 days?
(Bef: MSSB,
Si6 mice: if a cat and a half can catch a mouse and a half in a day and a half C this
means that one cat catches one mouse in a day and a half. -herefore in 3 days, one
cat catches 2 mice. -herefore 3 cats "ill catch 6 mice in 3 days.
Puzzle 70
contain the central G and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 53 "ords. Food: &2 "ords. Aerage: 33
"ords.
N F R
O G -
, 2
(Bef: M-GB, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: ago, agony, along, angry, argon, daylong, dog, drag, dragon,
R-GONF,2, fag, fang, flag, flagon, flog, fog, frog, gad, gadfly, gal, gaol, glad,
gland, glory, gnarl, gnarly, go, goad, goal, god, godly, gold, golf, gory, grad, grand,
grandly, gray, groan, gyro, lag, log, long, nag, organ, rag, rang, yoga.
All "ords: ag, agly, ago, agon, agony, algor, along, angry, argol, argon, dag, dang,
daylong, dog, dogy, dong, donga, drag, dragon, R-GONF,2, fag, fang, flag, flagon,
flog, flong, fog, fogy, frag, frog, gad, gadfly, gal, gan, ganof, gaol, gar, gay, glad,
glady, gland, glary, glory, gnar, gnarl, gnarly, go, goa, goad, goal, god, godly, gold,
goldarn, golf, gonad, gor, goral, gory, grad, gran, grand, grandly, gray, groan, gyral,
gyro, gyron, lag, lang, largo, log, logan, logy, long, nag, nog, orang, orangy, organ,
organdy, orgy, rag, rang, rangy, yang, yoga.
Puzzle 71
-he four clo"ns in this !uKKle all com!eted for the muchC!riKed >Alo"n of the
3ear> a"ard recently. -here "ere 30 clo"ns in total "ho entered the com!etition
and each had to ma#e the Hudges laugh.
5rom the clues belo", can you "or# out each clo"n>s name, the to"n he or she came
from, "hat !lace each clo"n "as a"arded and the most comical moment of each
clo"n>s routine?
*. -he 4uds"orth clo"n finished one !lace lo"er than Strum!y "ho is not from
;itfield.
2. -he Hudges roared "ith laughter as one clo"n cycled across a tightro!e,
"obbled, screamed and fell head first into a !ool of "ater. 'e finished t"o !laces
belo" 4oo 4oo "ho "as not from ;itfield.
3. -he clo"n "ho finished in +th !lace lost !oints "hen her big red nose fell off
during her manic routine. -his inoled being hit "ith a giant rubber mallet by her
assistant "ho "as su!!osed to hit her on the shoulder but unfortunately had
something in his eye at the time and accidentally bashed her in the face instead.
&. -ambo "as disa!!ointed "hen his usually masterful custard !ie antics failed to
im!ress the Hudges sufficiently to secure the a"ard. 'e "as not the clo"n from
Stoc#ille "hose final !lacing "as lo"er than the Shrim!ton clo"n.
Alo"ns: 4oo 4oo, Frego, Strum!y, -ambo
-o"ns: 4uds"orth, Shrim!ton, Stoc#ille, ;itfield
<osition: 2nd, &th, 5th, +th
Boutine: Austard <ie, 5lo"er, Bubber =allet, 7nicycle
(Bef: M<1-, R Bodins 8td
)ame -o"n S Boutine
4oo 4oo Shrim!ton 2nd 5lo"er
Strum!y Stoc#ille &th 7nicycle
-ambo 4uds"orth 5th Austard <ie
Frego ;hitfield +th Bubber =allet
-he !ositions that the four clo"ns could finish are 2nd, &th, 5th and +th. -he
4uds"orth clo"n finished one !lace belo" Strum!y ?*@ so Strum!y must hae been
&th and the 4uds"orth clo"n 5th. -he ?male@ clo"n on the unicycle finished t"o
!laces belo" 4oo 4oo ?2@ so must hae been +th or &th. Since the clo"n "ho came
+th "as female, the clo"n on the unicycle must hae been &th and is Strum!y and
4oo 4oo came 2nd. -ambo ?male@ is not the clo"n "ho came +th ?3@, 2nd ?4oo 4oo@
or &th ?Strum!y@ so came 5th "ith his custard !ie act ?&@ and Frego came +th "ith
her rubber mallet so by elimination, 4oo 4oo>s act inoled the flo"er. -he
4uds"orth clo"n ?-ambo@ came 5th, neither Strum!y ?*@ nor 4oo 4oo ?2@ came from
;hitfield so the clo"n from ;hitfield "as Frego ?+th@. -he Shrim!ton clo"n "as
!laced higher than the Stoc#ille clo"n ?&@ so came 2nd and the Stoc#ille clo"n
came &th.
Puzzle 72
'idden in the grid belo" are 6 hidden animals, once you hae crossed of the hidden
animals, you should be left "ith seen letters, "hich s!ell another animal. -he
letters are hidden in se9uence using the moe of a chess #night. 5or e6am!le, if
the first letter of one of the animals "as the to!Cright 5, then the second letter
could only be either 5 or A.
(Bef: M/;I, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
'amster, the hidden animals "ere leo!ard, ele!hant, antelo!e, giraffe, #angaroo,
goat:
Puzzle 73
/uring the recent 4rain4ashers ci!her conention, a =orse code contest too#
!lace. -he contest consisted of a =orse code transmission "here the s!aces
bet"een the letters and "ords "ere missing. Aan you deci!her the se9uence and
find *0 related "ords?
8uc#ily, 4rain4ashers has !roided you "ith a listing of the Morse code characters.
Food luc#Q
(Bef: MAAB, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Summer, =onday, ;ednesday, eening, s!ring, midnight, hour, cloc#, "ee#, month.
Puzzle 74
Schubert>s Sym!hon
(Bef: MIA5,
Schubert>s 7nfinished Sym!hony.
Puzzle 75
contain the central M and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 2* "ords. Food: *6 "ords. Aerage: *2
"ords.
O T -
T M I
+ C -
(Bef: MFF), . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: aim, am, atom, atomic, -+TOM-TIC, cam, coma, ma, mat, matt,
mica, mitt, moat, mot, mu, mutt, omit, tam, tom, tomcat, um.
All "ords: aim, am, ama, ami, amia, amu, atma, atom, atomic, -+TOM-TIC, cam,
coma, ma, mac, mat, matt, maut, mi, miaou, mica, mitt, mo, moa, moat, moc, mot,
mott, mu, mut, mutt, om, omit, tam, tatami, tom, tomcat, um, umiac.
Puzzle 76
/uring a recent !lane and train s!otting contest, fie eager entrants "ere lined u!
ready to be tested on their s!otting ability. -hey had each s!otted a number of
!lanes ?26, $6, *23, *+&, 250@ and a number of trains ?5, &2, &5, E$, *05@. 5rom the
clues belo", can you determine "hat colour anora# each "as "earing, their !osition,
their age ?2*, 23, 3*, 36, &0@ and the number of trains and !lanes s!otted?
*. Simon s!otted && less trains than !lanes.
2. Deith "as 36 years old.
3. -he !erson on the far right "as $ years younger than Simon, and s!otted *+&
!lanes.
&. Games "as "earing a beige anora# and s!otted 3+ trains fe"er than Simon.
5. -he !erson "ho "as "earing a green anora#, "as *E years younger than the
!erson to his left.
6. Steen s!otted *05 trains and 250 !lanes.
+. -he !erson in the centre "as 3* years old, "as "earing a blue anora# and
s!otted &2 trains.
$. Alan, "ho "as on the far left, s!otted 26 !lanes, and s!otted +2 trains more
than !lanes.
E. -he !erson "ho "as "earing a red anora#, "as & years older than Deith and "as
not ne6t to the !erson "earing a blue anora#.
*0.-he !erson "ho "as ne6t to the 3* year old but not ne6t to the !erson "ho
s!otted 26 !lanes, "as "earing a orange anora#, and s!otted &5 trains.
(Bef: MGA/, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle] C Areated using 4rain Aell
S )ame Anora# Age <lanes -rains
* Alan red &0 26 E$
2 Steen green 2* 250 *05
3 Simon blue 3* $6 &2
& Deith orange 36 *23 &5
5 Games beige 23 *+& 5
Puzzle 77
'idden belo" are eight, + letter "ords. 2ach "ord begins "ith the central S and
you can moe one letter in any direction to the ne6t letter. All of the letters are
used e6actly once each. ;hat are the "ords?
F ) 8 D B - 2
2 I 2 % O A 2
D B ) I ' = )
2 A 3 ! 2 A <
B 2 < < A ; %
) 2 A F 7 2 %
B ) 2 S A / 2
(Bef: MAF1, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Si6teen, sham!oo, sea"eed, sausage, s!anner, s!ea#er, syringe, snor#el.
Puzzle 78
3ou hae the misfortune to o"n an unreliable cloc#. -his one loses e6actly 20
minutes eery hour. It is no" sho"ing $.00am and you #no" that is "as correct at
midnight, "hen you set it. -he cloc# sto!!ed *0 hours ago, "hat is the correct time
no"?
(Bef: M8=-, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
*0:00!m: since the cloc# is losing 20 minutes eery hour, for eery real hour that
has !assed, the cloc# "ill only sho" &0 minutes. Since the cloc# sho"s $:00am, "e
#no" that &$0 cloc# minutes hae !assed. -his therefore e9uals +20 real minutes
and hence *2 hours. -he cloc# sto!!ed *0 hours ago and so the time must no" be
*0.00!m. 12/.
Puzzle 79
;hat is missing from this se9uence:
teloi ogidni eulb ..?.. "olley egnaro der
(Bef: ML7M, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
neerg: these are the colours of the rainbo" reersed.
Puzzle 80
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 22 "ords. Food: *+ "ords. Aerage: *3
"ords.
, T T
1 F +
E R 2
(Bef: ML8), . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: belfry, 1+TTERF,2, elf, felt, flu, flue, flute, flutter, fluttery, fly,
flyer, fret, fry, fuel, fur, furl, fury, left, tuft, tufty, turf.
All "ords: belfry, 1+TTERF,2, ef, eft, elf, felt, fer, ferly, fet, feu, fey, fleury,
fley, flu, flub, flue, flute, fluter, flutey, flutter, fluttery, fluty, fluyt, fly, flyer,
flyte, fret, fretty, fry, fub, fuel, fur, furl, fury, fytte, left, lefty, ref, refly, reft,
tref, tuft, tufter, tufty, turf, turfy.
Puzzle 81
5our friends "ere com!eting in the internationally reno"ned 4rain4ashers 4og
Snor#elling com!etition. As usual, the Hudges "ere a little careless and once again,
they managed to loose the results. 8uc#ily, a number of s!ectators "ere able to
remember the follo"ing sni!!ets of information:
%nly one !erson "ore the same number as the !osition they finished. Fary, "ho
didn>t "ear green, beat 4arry. 8arry beat the !erson "ho "ore yello". -he !erson
"ho "ore number 3, "ore green. -he !erson "ho "ore number 2 finished first
"hereas 'arry came last. -he !erson "ho finished second "ore green, 4arry "ore
yello" and the !erson "earing red beat the !erson "earing blue.
Aan you "or# out "ho finished "here, the number and colour they "ore?
(Bef: MBM', . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
S )ame ;ore Aolour
* Fary 2 red
2 8arry 3 green
3 4arry * yello"
& 'arry & blue
Puzzle 82
4elo" you "ill find *5 "ellC#no"n si6 letter "ords, "ith only their endings
remaining. Aan you determine the "ords?
...cil
...hid
...nKe
...ese
...lug
...som
...u6e
...uum
...arm
...amo
...rby
...dst
...sai
...too
...fen
(Bef: M58;, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
<encil, orchid, bronKe, cheese, un!lug, ransom, delu6e, acuum, disarm, dynamo,
nearby, amidst, bonsai, tattoo, deafen.
Puzzle 83
=y brother, Gulian, is a little sim!le. I recently as#ed him to buy me some ribbon
for my daughter>s !retty !in# bonnet. 'e "ent to the haberdashery sho! for the
re9uired length but accidentally interchanged the feet and inches. ;hen I
measured the resulting ribbon I only had 50$ of the length I re9uired. 'o" much
ribbon did I originally as# for?
(Bef: M'5G, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
I as#ed for + feet, & inches and my brother brought me & feet, + inches. If "e
label "hat I as#ed for as A feet and 4 inches, "hich is ?*2 6 A N 4@ inches, then I
actually receied 4 feet and A inches, "hich is ?*2 6 4 N A@ inches. ;hich means
that:
?5 0 $@ 6 ?*2 6 A N 4@ . ?*2 6 4 N A@
Sim!lifying gies:
A . ?E* 0 52@ 6 4
As 4 is the number of inches, it can only be bet"een * and *2 and must gie A as a
"hole number of feet. 4 . & is the only !ossible alue, "hich means that A . +. So I
originally as#ed for + feet, & inches. 12/.
Puzzle 84
;hat four related "ords are merged here:
S;AS <7BI 7I)= )--7 =F2B =)2B
(Bef: MAA5, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
S!ring, summer, autumn and "inter.
Puzzle 85
contain the central and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 30 "ords. Food: 23 "ords. Aerage: *$
"ords.
! ! I
G E
+ I
(Bef: M5FF, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: did, die, died, dies, dig, digs, disguise, I!G+I!E, disuse,
disused, dud, dude, dudes, duds, due, dues, dug, guide, guided, guides, id, ides, ids,
issued, side, sided, sides, suds, sued, used.
All "ords: de, did, didie, didies, die, died, dies, diesis, dig, digs, dis, disguise,
I!G+I!E, diss, dissed, disuse, disused, dud, dude, dudes, duds, due, dues, dug,
dugs, dui, ed, ged, geds, gid, giddies, gids, gied, gude, gudes, guid, guide, guided,
guides, guids, guised, gussied, id, ides, ids, issued, side, sided, sides, sudd, sudds,
suds, sudsed, sued, used.
Puzzle 86
<lace the "ords belo" into !airs. 3ou "ill then hae 5 lots of eight letters, each of
"hich is an anagram of an animal. ;hat are the original 5 animals?
<I)D
-2)-
=%S-
=7A'
-'2)
82A<
S%%-
AB2A
-IB2
=AB2
(Bef: MSD<, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
S%%- N -IB2 . -%B-%IS2
=%S- N =AB2 . =AB=%S2-
=7A' N <I)D . A'I<=7)D
AB2A N -2)- . A)-2A-2B
82A< N -'2) . 282<'A)-
Puzzle 87
=any years ago, a cruise liner san# in the middle of the <acific %cean. -he
suriors luc#ily landed on a remote desert island. -here "as enough food for the
220 !eo!le to last three "ee#s. Si6 days later a rescue shi! a!!eared, unluc#ily
this shi! also san#, leaing an additional 55 !eo!le stranded on the island to no"
share the original rationed food. -he food obiously had to be reCrationed, but
eeryone "as no" on oneChalf of the original ration, so ho" many days in total
"ould the food last for, from the day of the original sin#ing?
(Bef: M)SL, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
30 days: originally there "as enough food for 220 !eo!le for 2* days, "hich totals
&620 rations. After 6 days *320 rations "ere eaten. -herefore there "ere no"
3300 rations for 2+5 !eo!le, "hich "ould last for another 2& days at oneChalf
ration !er !erson. ;hich is 30 days in total from the original sin#ing.
Puzzle 88
Feoff and I "ere !laying on the roundabout at the local !ar#. It "as ery large and
"e stood on o!!osite sides and "e s!un the roundabout antiCcloc#"ise. I thre" a
ball to Feoff. /id the ball go to Feoff, or did it go to the right of him or the left
of him?
(Bef: M443,
Since the roundabout moed "hile the ball "as traelling to Feoff, the ball "ent to
the right of him ?i.e. his left@.
Puzzle 89
;hat common "ord has & o"els, one after the other?
(Bef: MAD=,
1ueue.
Puzzle 90
contain the central O and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 2E "ords. Food: 2& "ords. Aerage: *E
"ords.
2 T 0
, O O
G 2 M
(Bef: MF%B, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: gloom, gloomy, go, goo, got, hog, holy, hoot, hot, log, logo, loo, loom,
loot, lot, moo, moot, moth, M2T0O,OG2, oh, ohm, ooh, to, tog, tom, too, tool, toy.
All "ords: glom, gloom, gloomy, go, goo, got, goy, ho, hog, holm, holt, holy, homy,
hooly, hoot, hooty, hot, hotly, hoy, lo, log, logo, logy, loo, loom, loot, lot, loth, mho,
mo, mog, mol, molt, molto, moly, moo, mool, moot, mot, moth, mothy, myology,
M2T0O,OG2, oh, ohm, oho, ology, om, ooh, oot, oy, tho, thymol, to, tog, tom, too,
tool, toom, toy, toyo, yo, yogh, yom.
Puzzle 91
At the local games eening, four lads "ere com!eting in the Scrabble and chess
com!etitions. 8iam beat =ar# in chess, Games came third and the *6 year old "on.
8iam came second in Scrabble, the *5 year old "on, Games beat the *$ year old and
the *E year old came third. Dein is 3 years younger than =ar#. -he !erson "ho
came last in chess, came third in Scrabble and only one lad got the same !osition in
both games. Aan you determine the ages of the lads and the !ositions in the t"o
games?
(Bef: MI;/, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
)ame Age Scrabble Ahess
Games *5 * 3
Dein *6 & *
8iam *$ 2 2
=ar# *E 3 &
Puzzle 92
Starting in the bottom left corner and moing either u! or right, adding u! the
numbers along the "ay, "hat is the largest sum "hich can be made?
(Bef: M;SA, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
3$:
Puzzle 93
4elo" are thirteen 5 lettered, eeryday "ords, each of "hich has had t"o of its
letters remoed. In total these 26 letters are ACM. -he remaining letters in each
"ord are in the correct order. -here are no "ords "hich are s!elled differently
based u!on location ?faour0faor, etc@ and there are no !lurals. Aan you determine
the original "ords?
AA2
AL2
7I2
F%)
<%-
LI2
AA-
=2-
42<
7F2
8A)
BA2
4%)
(Bef: MIG8, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
AmaKe, brae, 9uiet, "agon, !iot, i6en, yacht, comet, blee!, Hudge, flan#, gra!e,
bonus.
Puzzle 94
If the =anchester 1uartet can !lay 4eethoen>s Eth Sym!hony in *2 minutes, ho"
9uic#ly can the 4irmingham -rio !lay it?
(Bef: MA1M,
In the same time, the time ta#en to !lay should not rely on the number of !layersQ
Puzzle 95
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 5* "ords. Food: &0 "ords. Aerage: 30
"ords.
E O ,
E C !
E P T
(Bef: M%2O, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: clo!, clo!s, close, closet, clot, clots, colt, colts, co!, co!e, co!es,
co!s, co!se, cost, cot, cots, elect, elects, sco!e, sec, sect, select, s!ec,
TE,E!COPE.
All "ords: cee, cees, cel, celeste, cels, celt, celts, ce!, ce!e, ce!es, ce!s, cete,
cetes, cle!e, cle!es, cle!t, clo!, clo!s, close, closet, clot, clots, col, cole, coles, cols,
colt, colts, co!, co!e, co!es, co!s, co!se, cos, coset, cost, cot, cote, cotes, cots,
elect, elects, escot, !ec, !ecs, sco!, sco!e, scot, sec, sect, select, socle, s!ec,
TE,E!COPE.
Puzzle 96
Si6 men, "hose names are 5red Alberts, 8arry Smith, 4rian =artin, =arty Gones,
4ill 2dison, and Gohn 5o6 "ere in an eleator together. Suddenly, the lights "ent
out. ;hen the lights came bac# on, 5red Alberts "as found stabbed. %ther
detecties hae inestigated. -hey hae 9uestioned the sus!ects, the "itnesses,
and !eo!le "ho #no" the sus!ects. -hey hae collected !hysical eidence ?hair
sam!les, fibre sam!les, etc.@ from the crime scene. -hey hae collected *& clues,
but hae not been able to sole the crime. -herefore, they hae called in the
"orld>s greatest detectie, 3%7. 3ou must no" e6amine the clues and sole the
murder.
)o t"o sus!ects hae the same "eight, colour shoes, colour umbrella, colour car, or
hair colour.
-he sus!ect "ho o"ns a !ur!le car "as "earing tan shoes.
-he sus!ect "ho "eighs *$0 !ounds o"ns a green car.
4rian =artin o"ns a green car.
-he sus!ect "ho o"ns a blac# car "as "earing blue shoes.
-he sus!ect "ho "eighs *50 !ounds "as "earing tan shoes.
=arty Gones "as carrying a !ur!le umbrella.
Gohn 5o6 has red hair.
8arry Smith "eighs 2*0 !ounds.
-he sus!ect "ho "eighs *E0 !ounds "as "earing blue shoes.
-he sus!ect "ho "as carrying a red umbrella is not the one "ho "as "earing blac#
shoes.
-he murderer o"ns a blac# car.
-he sus!ect "ho o"ns a "hite car is not the one "ho "eighs *+0 !ounds.
4ill 2dison "as "earing bro"n shoes.
-he sus!ect "ho "eighs *E0 !ounds is not the one "ho has red hair.
(Bef: MFS4, R /aid 8eithauser
=arty Gones: 4rian =artin o"ns a green car. -he murderer o"ns a blac# car, so
4rian =artin is not the murderer. -he sus!ect "ho o"ns a blac# car "as "earing
blue shoes. -he sus!ect "ho "eighs *E0 !ounds "as "earing blue shoes. -he
sus!ect "ho "eighs *E0 !ounds is not the one "ho has red hair. -herefore, one
sus!ect "as "earing blue shoes, o"ns a blac# car, "eighs *E0 !ounds, and is not the
one "ho has red hair. 4ut 4ill 2dison "as "earing bro"n shoes, Gohn 5o6 has red
hair, 8arry Smith "eighs 2*0 !ounds, and 4rian =artin o"ns a green car.
-herefore, the only sus!ect "ho could be this sus!ect is =arty Gones. Since this
sus!ect, =arty Gones, o"ns a blac# car and the murderer o"ns a blac# car, he is
the murderer.
Puzzle 97
A large fresh "ater reseroir has t"o ty!es of drainage system. Small !i!es and
large !i!es. 6 large !i!es, on their o"n, can drain the reseroir in *2 hours. 3 large
!i!es and E small !i!es, at the same time, can drain the reseroir in $ hours. 'o"
long "ill 5 small !i!es, on their o"n, ta#e to drain the reseroir?
(Bef: M'B-, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
2* hours and 36 minutes. -he e6act siKe of the !i!es and reseroir does not
matter. If "e label the large !i!es 8, the small !i!es S and if the reserior has a
total of - litres, then:
- 0 68 . *2 "hich means 8 . - 0 +2
and
- 0 ?38 N ES@ . $ "hich means that S . - 0 *0$
"e "ant
- 0 5S "hich gies *0$ 0 5 hours . 2*.6 hours . 2* hours and 36 minutes.
Puzzle 98
;hat letter comes first in this grid?
T - - 5 5
S S 2 ) -
2 - - 5 5
S S 2 ) -
(Bef: MAI1,
%: the letters are the first letters of the first numbers, %ne, -"o, -hree, etc.
Puzzle 99
Aan you find *3 animals in this rather curious !oem:
A !erson, as sim!le "e are.
Aatch the #id o>er the bridge.
5ollo" the chief, o6tail sou! "e li#e.
Anagram A)<I gies us <AI), co"er under a ridge.
(Bef: ML15, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
A!e, ass, e"e, cat, #id, doe, fo6, o6, nag, man, !ig, co", ram.
Puzzle 100
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: ** "ords. Food: E "ords. Aerage: $ "ords.
- 1
O C
- R R
(Bef: M3D-, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: arc, cab, cad, car, card, C-R1O-R, carob, cob, cobra, cod, coda,
cord, crab, doc.
All "ords: arc, arco, cab, cad, car, carb, carbo, carbora, card, C-R1O-R, carob,
carr, cob, cobra, cod, coda, cor, cord, crab, doc, oca, orc, orca, roc.
Puzzle 101
3ou find yourself at the FreenHac# table. FreenHac# is similar to 4lac#Hac#, e6ce!t
that it is com!letely different. It is !layed "ith a dec# of only *6 cards, diided
into & suits: Bed, 4lue, %range and Freen. -here are four cards in each suit: Ace,
Ding, 1ueen and Gac#. Ace outran#s Ding, "hich outran#s 1ueen, "hich outran#s
Gac# C e6ce!t for the Freen Gac#, "hich outran#s eery other card. If t"o cards
hae the same face alue, then Bed outran#s 4lue, "hich outran#s %range, "hich
outran#s Freen, again e6ce!t for the Freen Gac#, "hich outran#s eerything.
'ere>s ho" the game is !layed: you are dealt one card 3a4e up, and the dealer is
dealt one card 3a4e 5*6'. -he dealer then ma#es some true statements, and you
hae to "or# out "ho has the higher card, you or the dealer. It>s that sim!leQ
R*u'5 37
3ou are dealt the Re5 8uee' and the dealer ma#es three statements:
*. =y card could lose to a 4lue card.
2. Dno"ing this, if I am more li#ely to hae an Ace or a Ding than a 1ueen or a
Gac#, then I hae an %range card. %ther"ise, I don>t.
3. Fien all of the information you no" #no", if I am more li#ely to hae a Gac#
than an Ace, then I actually hae a Ding. %ther"ise, I don>t.
;ho has the higher card, you or the dealer?
(Bef: MF//, R 2.G. Shamblen
;ebsite: www.puzzlemonster.com
-he dealer: After S* you #no" that you hae the Bed 1ueen ?B1@, and the
dealer>s card could be beaten by a blue card, so the dealer can only hae one of the
follo"ing cards: BD, BG, 4D, 41, 4G, %A, %D, %1, %G, FA, FD, F1. %f these *2
cards there are 6 Aces or Dings, therefore by S2 their card is not orange. -he
dealer no" has one of the follo"ing cards: BD, BG, 4D, 41, 4G, FA, FD, F1. %f
these $ cards there are 2 Gac#s and * Ace, therefore by S3 their card is a Ding,
"hich beats your 1ueen. 12/.
Puzzle 102
'idden in the grid belo" are three boys names. Starting at any !oint, trace out the
!ath of a chess #night. -he last letter of one name starts the ne6t one. ;hat are
the names?
(Bef: M1/3, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Dein, )eil and 8arry.
Puzzle 103
A trout>s tail "eighs eight !ounds. Its head "eighs as much as the tail and oneChalf
of the body combined, and the body "eighs as much as the head and tail combined.
;hat does the "hole trout "eigh?
(Bef: MDSD, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
6& !ounds: the head "eighs 2& !ounds, the body "eighs 32 !ounds and the tail
"eighs $ !ounds.
Puzzle 104
In ancient days gone by a "ealthy land o"ner challenges his t"o sons to a horse
race. -he one "hose horse is slo"est "ill inherit the entire estate. After a fe"
days into the race, the brothers hae made no !rogress and begin to "onder "hat
to do. 7!on the adice of a "ise old man they Hum!ed on the horses and raced as
fast as they could to the finish line. ;hat did the "ise old man suggest?
(Bef: M-/F,
-he "ise man told them to s"itch horses as the race de!ended on the slo"est
horse.
Puzzle 105
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: &$ "ords. Food: 35 "ords. Aerage: 2$
"ords.
! C R
R C O
E 9 -
(Bef: M<2A, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: ace, aces, acre, acres, arc, arcs, car, care, carer, carers, cares,
cars, case, ca", ca"s, coarse, coarser, coca, core, corer, corers, cores, cosec, co",
co"er, co"ers, co"s, cre", cre"s, cro", cro"s, escro", race, racer, racers, races,
roc, rocs, sac, scar, scarce, scarcer, scare, !C-RECRO9, score, scre", sec,
soccer.
All "ords: ace, aces, acre, acres, arc, arco, arcs, car, care, carer, carers, cares,
carr, carrs, cars, carse, case, ca", ca"s, ceca, cero, ceros, coarse, coarser, coca,
cocas, cor, core, corer, corers, cores, corsac, corse, cos, cosec, co", co"er, co"ers,
co"s, cra", cra"s, cre", cre"s, croc, crocs, crore, crores, cro", cro"er, cro"ers,
cro"s, escar, escro", oca, ocas, ocrea, orc, orca, orcas, orcs, race, racer, racers,
races, rec, recs, roc, rocs, sac, scar, scarce, scarcer, scare, !C-RECRO9, scarer,
score, scorer, sco", scre", sec, secco, serac, soccer, so"car.
Puzzle 106
After a local art theft, si6 sus!ects "ere being interie"ed. 4elo" is a summary of
their statements. <olice #no" that e6actly four of them told one lie each and all of
the other statements are true. 5rom this information can you tell "ho committed
the crime?
Alan said:
It "asn>t 4rian
It "asn>t /ae
It "asn>t 2ddie
4rian said:
It "asn>t Alan
It "asn>t Aharlie
It "asn>t 2ddie
Aharlie said:
It "asn>t 4rian
It "asn>t 5reddie
It "asn>t 2ddie
/ae said:
It "asn>t Alan
It "asn>t 5reddie
It "asn>t Aharlie
2ddie said:
It "asn>t Aharlie
It "asn>t /ae
It "asn>t 5reddie
5reddie said:
It "asn>t Aharlie
It "asn>t /ae
It "asn>t Alan
(Bef: M73D, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aharlie committed the crime.
Puzzle 107
=y mother !urchased *00 !ounds of !otatoes last "ee#, "hich I #ne" to be
e6actly EEU "ater. After a "ee#, drying in the sun, they had dried a little to
become only E$U "ater. ;hat "as the total "eight of the !otatoes no"?
(Bef: M/=L,
50 !ounds: in the original *00 !ounds, EEU "as "ater, therefore the !otato
element "eighed *U . * !ound. After drying the !otato element still "eighed *
!ound, "hich "as no" 2U of the total ?and E$U "ater@. -herefore the total must
be 50 !ounds, &E !ounds of "ater and * !ound of the !otato element.
Puzzle 108
A shi! is doc#ed in the harbour. %er the side hangs a ro!e ladder "ith rungs a
foot a!art. -he tide rises at a rate of E inches !er hour. At the end of si6 hours,
ho" much of the ro!e ladder "ill still remain aboe "ater, assuming that E feet
"ere aboe the "ater "hen the tide began to rise?
(Bef: MA7S,
Still E feet because the ladder "ill rise "ith the shi!Q
Puzzle 109
;hat is missing from this se9uence:
Freenland, )e" Fuinea, 4orneo, =adagascar, ..?.., Sumatra, 'onshu, Freat 4ritain
(Bef: M'13,
4affin Island: from the largest islands in the "orld, in descending order.
Puzzle 110
contain the central 1 and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 2& "ords. Food: 20 "ords. Aerage: *5
"ords.
" E
2 1 O
R 2 E
(Bef: M2GG, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: be, bed, bee, beer, bey, bode, body, bore, bored, boy, bred, breed,
by, bye, byre, derby, E"ER21O2, obey, obeyed, orb, rob, robe, robed, erb.
All "ords: be, bed, bee, beer, beery, beor, bey, bey, bo, bod, bode, body, bore,
bored, boy, bred, brede, bree, breed, bree, bro, by, bye, byre, deb, debye, derby,
doby, E"ER21O2, obe, obey, obeyed, obeyer, orb, orbed, orby, oerbed, reb,
rebody, rob, robe, robed, erb, yob.
Puzzle 111
R*u'5 27
3ou are dealt the 1lue /&'( and the dealer ma#es three statements:
*. =y card "ould beat a Freen Ding.
2. Dno"ing this, if my card is more li#ely to be a Gac# than a 1ueen, then my card
is a Ding. %ther"ise, it isn>t.
3. Fien all of the information you no" #no", if my card is more li#ely to beat yours
than not, then my card is Bed card. %ther"ise, it isn>t.
(Bef: MLGL, R 2.G. Shamblen
3ou: After S* you #no" that you hae the 4lue Ding ?4D@ and the dealer>s card is
higher than the Freen Ding, so the dealer can only hae one of the follo"ing cards:
BA, BD, 4A, %A, %D, FA, FG, therefore by S2 their card is a Ding. -hey are no"
left one of the follo"ing: BD, %D. %f these t"o, * could beat your card, therefore
by S3 their card is not Bed. So the dealer must hae the %range Ding, "hich your
card beats. 12/.
Puzzle 112
;ithout using any reference material can you find the hidden countries. In each
case, the letter indicates the first letter of the country in 9uestion, the number
re!resents the number of letters in the country. 5or e6am!le, 2+ "ould be
2ngland.
'5 LE /+ G+ 56 S6 2$ M$ B+ 15
(Bef: MSMO, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
'aiti, LeneKuela, /enmar#, Gamaica, 5rance, S"eden, 2thio!ia, Mimbab"e, Bomania,
1atar.
Puzzle 113
8ast "ee# I s!ent half of my money on a ne" Hac#et and then I s!ent half of that
amount on some ne" trousers. I "as left "ith :32.E&. 'o" much did I s!end?
(Bef: MAO), . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
:E$.$2: I started "ith :*3*.+6 and I s!ent :65.$$ on a ne" Hac#et, and then
:32.E& on the trousers, a total s!end of :E$.$2.
Puzzle 114
5or being good at the garden fete, four children "ere each gien t"o s"eets. Gac#
had an orange s"eet. -he child "ho had a red one also had a blue one. )o child had
t"o s"eets of the same colour. -he child "ho had a green s"eet also had a red one.
Gim didn>t hae a red s"eet and Goe had a green one. Games didn>t hae an orange
one and Gac# had no blue s"eets. Dno"ing that there "ere t"o s"eets of each
colour, can you tell the colours of the s"eets each child had?
(Bef: M<GO, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Gac# had an orange and a green s"eet.
Gim had an orange and a blue one.
Games had a red and a blue s"eet.
Goe had a green and a red one.
Puzzle 115
contain the central G and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: *$ "ords. Food: *5 "ords. Aerage: *2
"ords.
O I ,
C G O
! O 2
(Bef: M78=, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: clog, clogs, cog, cogs, go, goo, igloo, igloos, log, logic, logo, logos,
logs, slog, !OCIO,OG2, yogi, yogic, yogis.
All "ords: clog, clogs, cog, cogs, colog, cologs, go, goo, goos, goosy, igloo, igloos,
isolog, log, logic, logics, logo, logoi, logos, logs, logy, ology, oologic, oology, slog,
!OCIO,OG2, yogi, yogic, yogis.
Puzzle 116
R*u'5 17
3ou are dealt the G#ee' -4e and the dealer ma#es three statements:
*. =y card is higher than any 1ueen.
2. Dno"ing this, if my card is more li#ely to beat yours, then my card is 4lue.
%ther"ise it isn>t.
3. Fien all of the information you no" #no", if your card is more li#ely to beat
mine, then my card is a Ding. %ther"ise it isn>t.
(Bef: MF1), R 2.G. Shamblen
-he dealer: After S* you #no" that you hae the Freen Ace ?FA@ and the dealer>s
card is higher than any 1ueen, so the dealer can only hae one of the follo"ing
cards: BA, BD, 4A, 4D, %A, %D, FD, FG. %f these eight, & could beat your card,
therefore by S2 their card is not 4lue. -hey are no" left one of the follo"ing: BA,
BD, %A, %D, FD, FG. %f these si6, 3 could beat your card, therefore by S3 their
card is not a Ding. So the dealer has one of the follo"ing: BA, %A, FG, all of "hich
can beat your card. 12/.
Puzzle 117
=y 4rain4ashers electronic "orld atlas has deelo!ed another fault, I did a listing
of miles from 2ngland to !articular countries and here is the result:
Australia 500 miles
<eru $,000 miles
India &,500 miles
Scotland E,500 miles
'o" far a"ay did it list 5rance as?
(Bef: M)'1, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
3,000 miles: ta#e the al!habetic !osition of the first letter, half and then multi!ly
by *000. 5 . 6, haled . 3, P *000 . 3,000.
Puzzle 118
4elo", *0 nine letter "ords hae been bro#en into chun#s of three letters. -hese
chun#s hae been mi6ed u!, no chun# is used t"ice and all chun#s are used. Aan you
determine "hat the *0 "ords are?
cer ent ead rat uti s!r
ful oun !ro ann o!e oc#
nce een oat est li ion
nou se ion ast hou a#f
bre bea ens dim bed seb
(Bef: MS1<, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
<ronounce, beautiful, dimension, liestoc#, o!eration, announcer, beds!read,
houseboat, seenteen, brea#fast.
Puzzle 119
;hat 5 letter "ord can be added to the end of these "ords to ma#e ne" "ords:
green out light bird boat club coo#
(Bef: MG5', . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
'ouse.
Puzzle 120
contain the central P and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 26 "ords. Food: 20 "ords. Aerage: *5
"ords.
E E E
T P ,
0 O N
(Bef: M7)L, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: elo!e, e!ee, hel!, ho!, ho!e, le!ton, lo!, lo!e, no!e, o!, o!en, o!t,
!eel, !elt, !en, !ent, !et, !henol, !hone, !lot, !oet, !ole, !ot, TE,EP0ONE, te!ee,
to!.
All "ords: elo!e, e!ee, hel!, he!, hol!, hol!en, ho!, ho!e, le!t, le!ton, lo!, lo!e,
nee!, neto!, no!e, o!, o!e, o!en, o!t, !e, !ee, !eel, !een, !eh, !ele, !elon, !elt, !en,
!ent, !eon, !et, !henetol, !henol, !hon, !hone, !hot, !ht, !lot, !oet, !oh, !ol, !ole,
!one, !ot, !oteen, !otheen, TE,EP0ONE, te!ee, to!, to!e, to!ee, to!h, to!he.
Puzzle 121
At the local s!orts club, some eteran members "ere !hotogra!hed together for
the annual a"ards ceremony. In the !hotogra!h, each member has a different
coloured -Cshirt on. %biously, the number of a"ards each has "on oer the years
counts to"ards their status "ithin the club, ho"eer, it is also significant to let
other members #no" ho" many relaties of theirs are eligible for membershi!.
5rom the information gien belo", can you determine the !ositions of the fie
members in the !hotogra!h, their -Cshirt colour, their age ?&0, &$, 60, 65, +&@, the
number of a"ards they hae "on ?&0, +5, E6, *25, *65@ and the number of eligible
relaties ?5, E, 30, &6, 60@?
-he !erson "ho is "earing red, has 25 relaties more than Geff and is not ne6t to
the !erson "earing blue. Gim is "earing orange and has &0 a"ards more than Gohn.
Gohn has 5* a"ards more than his age and Geff has 5 relaties. Ga#e has +5
a"ards and is 65 years old. -he !erson on the far right has 3+ fe"er relaties than
Gohn, and is &0 years old. Gac#, "ho is the first, is 60 years old, and has 20 a"ards
less than his age. -he !erson "ho is ne6t to the !erson "ho has &6 relaties but
not ne6t to the !erson "ho is 60 years old, is "earing yello", and has E6 a"ards.
-he !erson in the centre has &6 relaties, is "earing blue and has *25 a"ards. -he
!erson "ho is "earing green, has 30 more relaties than the !erson to the left of
him.
(Bef: MAG<, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle] C Areated using 4rain Aell
S )ame -Cshirt Age Belaties A"ards
* Gac# red 60 30 &0
2 Ga#e green 65 60 +5
3 Gohn blue +& &6 *25
& Geff yello" &$ 5 E6
5 Gim orange &0 E *65
Puzzle 122
;hat is this se9uence?
(Bef: MF)O, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
-hese are the numbers *, 2, 3, etc, as seen on a calculator, but the digits are then
cut in half and the left half is then mirrored.
Puzzle 123
;hich of the follo"ing statements is true?
*. %ne of these statements is true.
2. -"o of these statements are true.
3. -hree of these statements are true.
&. 5our of these statements are true.
5. 5ie of these statements are true.
6. Si6 of these statements are true.
(Bef: M4IB,
Statement * is true.
Puzzle 124
;hat four related "ords are merged together:
-%7S BF1A 7BB% IAA) B8FS 222- 2)2
(Bef: M5==, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
%range, green, tur9uoise, scarlet.
Puzzle 125
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: 2$ "ords. Food: 22 "ords. Aerage: *E
"ords.
E - +
T F I
+ 1 ,
(Bef: MF4', . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: aft, 1E-+TIF+,, elf, fable, fail, fat, fate, fault, feat, felt, fib,
fibula, file, filet, fit, flab, flat, flea, flu, flue, flute, fuel, futile, if, leaf, left, life,
lift.
All "ords: aft, alef, alif, 1E-+TIF+,, befit, ef, eft, elf, fa, fable, fail, fat, fate,
fault, fauteuil, feal, feat, felt, fet, feta, fetal, fetial, feu, fiat, fib, fibula, fibulae,
fie, fil, fila, file, filet, fit, flab, flat, flea, flit, flite, flu, flub, flue, flute, fub, fuel,
futile, if, leaf, left, lief, life, lift, tubful, tufa.
Puzzle 126
Aan you find the eleen hidden colours in the follo"ing !aragra!h:
=any inHured animals are inited to lie at the >-oronto Bange>. Sto! in #angaroo
corner and marel at the loely creatures "ithin. /ig oer the !otato !atch to find
small furry cater!illars, but don>t yellQ %"ls can be found s"oo!ing for edible
rodents, ear"igs or !erha!s bluebottles in the undergro"th. -he bro"n bear, Bob,
lac#s grace and may loo# li#e an ogre, enter at your o"n ris#Q <eacoc#s can be found
sho"ing their colourful "ares, "hich loo# fantastic "hen ie"ed "ith our
ultraiolet torch.
(Bef: MAO1, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
=any inHu#e5 animals are inited t* l&$e at the >-oront* Ra'(e>. Stop &' :angaroo
corner and marel at the loely creatures "ith&'; &( *er the !otato !atch to find
small furry cater!illars, but don>t %ell< O6ls can be found s"oo!ing fo# e5ible
rodents, ear"igs or !erha!s )luebottles in the undergro"th. -he )#*6' bear, Bo)=
la4:s grace and may loo# li#e an o(#e= e'ter at your o"n ris#Q <eacoc#s can be
found sho"ing their colourful "ares, "hich loo# fantastic "hen ie"ed "ith our
ultra$&*let torch.
Puzzle 127
7sing the letters 22IIIISSS--- com!lete this grid. -he grid reads the same
across as do"n.
(Bef: MI=M, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
-he "ords are stir, tire, iris, rest.
Puzzle 128
4elo", *0 nine letter "ords hae been bro#en into chun#s of three letters. -hese
chun#s hae been mi6ed u!, no chun# is used t"ice and all chun#s are used. Aan you
determine "hat the *0 "ords are?
ely rec ant htn fer ort
ent cer !or sin lig ian
lio ro" use rar lib ie
tfo sca ing ing far eth
som dif est dig im! mho
(Bef: M/4O, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
/ifferent, digestie, farmhouse, im!ortant, librarian, lightning, !ortfolio,
scarecro", sincerely, something.
Puzzle 129
%nce u!on a time, and old lady "ent to sell her ast 9uantity of eggs at the local
mar#et.
;hen as#ed ho" many she had, she re!lied:
Son, I can>t count !ast *00 but I #no" that.
If you diide the number of eggs by 2 there "ill be one egg left.
If you diide the number of eggs by & there "ill be one egg left.
If you diide the number of eggs by + there "ill be one egg left.
If you diide the number of eggs by $ there "ill be one egg left.
If you diide the number of eggs by E there "ill be one egg left.
If you diide the number of eggs by *0 there "ill be one egg left.
5inally. If you diide the )umber of eggs by ** there "ill be )% 2FFS leftQ
'o" many eggs did the old lady hae?
(Bef: M5=7, Ao!yrighted
25,20* eggs. -his !uKKle has a fe" different methods for finding the solution, one
of "hich is:
5ind a number O into "hich all of the numbers from 2 to *0 diide eenly. 3ou can
do this by sim!ly using 2P3P&P5P6P+P$PEP*0, but you can find a smaller number by
finding the !rime factors, a subset of "hich can be used to form any number from
2 to *0. 2P2P2P3P3P5P+ "ill do. -his comes out to be 2520, and is the lo"est
number into "hich all the numbers 2C*0 diide eenly.
;e can add * to this number to satisfy the first E constraints of the !uKKle ?the
remainder of 252*02, 252*03 ... 252*0*0 is one@, but this does not satisfy the last
constraint, diisibility by **.
5ortunately, "e can multi!ly O ?.2520@ by any integer and add * and "e "ill still
satisfy constraints *CE. So "hat 3 do "e multi!ly O by so that ?OP3@ N * is diisible
by **. 25200** has a remainder of *. So t"o 2520s diided by eleen "ould hae a
remainder of *N* . 2, and so forth...so ten 2520s diided by ** "ould hae a
remainder of *0. -his number !lus one "ould diide eleen eenly, as "ell as also
satisfy the first E constraints C therefore 2520* is the ans"er.
Puzzle 130
contain the central M and no letter can be used t"ice, ho"eer, the letters do not
at least one nine letter "ord. 26cellent: *6 "ords. Food: *2 "ords. Aerage: $
"ords.
O E 9
0 M !
E R E
(Bef: MOO-, . /e$&' !t*'e [Protected Puzzle]
Aommon "ords: em, hem, home, me, mere, mesh, me", more, mo", mo"er, ohm,
seem, some, !OME90ERE, "hom, "orm.
All "ords: em, eme, emeer, emeers, emes, ems, hem, heme, hemes, hems, herm,
herms, hm, home, homer, homers, homes, me, meo", meo"s, mere, meres, mesh,
me", me"s, mho, mhos, mo, mor, more, mores, mors, morse, mos, mo", mo"er,
mo"ers, mo"s, ohm, ohms, om, omer, omers, oms, rehem, rehems, rem, rems, rom,
roms, seem, seemer, seme, shmo, sme", some, !OME90ERE, "hom, "orm, "orms.
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Dinetic theory
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-he temperature of an ideal monatomic gas is a measure of the aerage kinetic energ
of its atoms. -he size of helium atoms relatie to their s!acing is sho"n to scale
under *E50 atmospheres of !ressure. -he atoms hae a certain, aerage s!eed,
slo"ed do"n here t"o trillion fold from room tem!erature.
-his article a!!lies to gasesV see also !inetic theor of solids
-he #inetic theory of gases describes a gas as a large number of small !articles
?atoms or molecules@, all of "hich are in constant, random motion. -he ra!idly moing
!articles constantly collide "ith each other and "ith the "alls of the container.
Dinetic theory e6!lains macroscopic !ro!erties of gases, such as !ressure,
tem!erature, or olume, by considering their molecular com!osition and motion.
2ssentially, the theory !osits that !ressure is due not to static re!ulsion bet"een
molecules, as "as "saac #ewton>s conHecture, but due to collisions bet"een molecules
moing at different elocities.
;hile the !articles ma#ing u! a gas are too small to be isible, the Hittering motion
of !ollen grains or dust !articles "hich can be seen under a microsco!e, #no"n as
$rownian motion, results directly from collisions bet"een the !article and gas
molecules. As !ointed out by Al%ert &instein in *E05, this e6!erimental eidence for
#inetic theory is generally seen as haing confirmed the e6istence of atoms and
molecules.
Aontents
(hide,
' Postulates
( Properties
(.' Pressure and kinetic energ
(.( )emperature and kinetic energ
(.* +ollisions with container
(.4 ,peed of molecules
* -istor
4 ,ee also
5 .eferences
/ &0ternal links
(edit, <ostulates
-he theory for ideal gases ma#es the follo"ing assum!tions:
-he gas consists of ery small !articles. -his smallness of their siKe is such that
the total volume of the indiidual gas molecules added u! is negligible com!ared to
the olume of the container. -his is e9uialent to stating that the aerage distance
se!arating the gas !articles is large com!ared to their size.
-hese !articles hae the same mass.
-he number of molecules is so large that statistical treatment can be a!!lied.
-hese molecules are in constant, random and ra!id motion.
-he ra!idly moing !articles constantly collide among themseles and "ith the "alls
of the container. All these collisions are !erfectly elastic. -his means, the
molecules are considered to be !erfectly s!herical in sha!e, and elastic in nature.
26ce!t during collisions, the interactions among molecules are negligi%le. ?-hat is,
they e6ert no forces on one another.@
-his im!lies:
*. .elativistic effects are negligible.
2. 1uantum2mechanical effects are negligible. -his means that the inter2particle
distance is much larger than the thermal de $roglie wavelength and the molecules are
treated as classical o%3ects.
3. 4ecause of the aboe t"o, their dynamics can be treated classically. -his means,
the e9uations of motion of the molecules are timeCreersible.
-he aerage kinetic energ of the gas !articles de!ends only on the temperature of
the sstem.
-he time during collision of molecule "ith the container>s "all is negligible as
com!ared to the time bet"een successie collisions.
=ore modern deelo!ments rela6 these assum!tions and are based on the
$oltzmann e4uation. -hese can accurately describe the !ro!erties of dense gases,
because they include the olume of the molecules. -he necessary assum!tions are
the absence of 9uantum effects, molecular chaos and small gradients in bul#
!ro!erties. 26!ansions to higher orders in the density are #no"n as virial
e0pansions. -he definitie "or# is the boo# by Aha!man and 2ns#og but there hae
been many modern deelo!ments and there is an alternatie a!!roach deelo!ed by
Frad based on moment e6!ansions.5'6 In the other limit, for e6tremely rarefied
gases, the gradients in bul# !ro!erties are not small com!ared to the mean free
!aths. -his is #no"n as the Dnudsen regime and e6!ansions can be !erformed in the
!nudsen num%er.
(edit, <ro!erties
(edit, <ressure and #inetic energy
Pressure is e6!lained by #inetic theory as arising from the force e6erted by
molecules or atoms im!acting on the "alls of a container. Aonsider a gas of )
molecules, each of mass m, enclosed in a cuboidal container of olume L.83. ;hen a
gas molecule collides "ith the "all of the container !er!endicular to the 6
coordinate a6is and bounces off in the o!!osite direction "ith the same s!eed ?an
elastic collision@, then the momentum lost by the !article and gained by the "all is:
"here 6 is the 6Ccom!onent of the initial elocity of the !article.
-he !article im!acts one s!ecific side "all once eery
?"here 8 is the distance bet"een o!!osite "alls@.
-he force due to this !article is:
-he total force on the "all is
"here the bar denotes an aerage oer the ) !articles. Since the assum!tion is
that the !articles moe in random directions, "e "ill hae to conclude that if "e
diide the elocity ectors of all !articles in three mutually !er!endicular
directions, the aerage alue along each direction must be same. ?-his does not
mean that each !article al"ays trael in &5 degrees to the coordinate a6es.@
.
;e can re"rite the force as
-his force is e6erted on an area 82. -herefore the !ressure of the gas is
"here L.83 is the olume of the bo6. -he fraction n.)0L is the num%er densit of
the gas ?the mass density W.nm is less conenient for theoretical deriations on
atomic leel@. 7sing n, "e can re"rite the !ressure as
-his is a first nonCtriial result of the #inetic theory because it relates !ressure, a
macroscopic !ro!erty, to the aerage ?translational@ kinetic energ !er molecule
"hich is a microscopic !ro!erty.
(edit, -em!erature and #inetic energy
5rom the ideal gas law
?*@
"here is the $oltzmann constant, and the a%solute temperature,
and from the aboe result "e hae
"e hae
then the tem!erature ta#es the form
?2@
"hich leads to the e6!ression of the #inetic energy of a molecule
-he #inetic energy of the system is ) times that of a molecule
-he tem!erature becomes
?3@
29.?3@* is one im!ortant result of the #inetic theory: -he aerage molecular #inetic
energy is !ro!ortional to the absolute tem!erature. 5rom 29.?*@ and 29.?3@*, "e
hae
?&@
-hus, the !roduct of !ressure and olume !er mole is !ro!ortional to the aerage
?translational@ molecular #inetic energy.
29.?*@ and 29.?&@ are called the Iclassical resultsI, "hich could also be deried from
statistical mechanicsV for more details, see .5(6
Since there are degrees of freedom in a monoatomicCgas system "ith !articles, the
#inetic energy !er degree of freedom !er molecule is
?5@
In the #inetic energy !er degree of freedom, the constant of !ro!ortionality of
tem!erature is *02 times $oltzmann constant. In addition to this, the tem!erature
"ill decrease "hen the !ressure dro!s to a certain !oint. -his result is related to
the e4uipartition theorem.
As noted in the article on heat capacit, diatomic gases should hae + degrees of
freedom, but the lighter gases act as if they hae only 5.
-hus the #inetic energy !er #elin ?monatomic ideal gas@ is:
!er mole: *2.&+
!er molecule: 20.+ yG . *2E XeL.
At standard temperature ?2+3.*5 D@, "e get:
!er mole: 3&06 G
!er molecule: 5.65 KG . 35.2 meL.
(edit, Aollisions "ith container
%ne can calculate the number of atomic or molecular collisions "ith a "all of a
container !er unit area !er unit time.
Assuming an ideal gas, a deriation5*6 results in an e9uation for total number of
collisions !er unit time !er area:
(edit, S!eed of molecules
5rom the #inetic energy formula it can be sho"n that
"ith in m0s, - in #elins, and B is the gas constant. -he molar mass is gien as
#g0mol. -he most !robable s!eed is $*.6U of the rms s!eed, and the mean s!eeds
E2.*U ?distri%ution of speeds@.
(edit, 'istory
'ydrodynamica front coer
In *+3$ 7aniel $ernoulli !ublished 'ydrodynamica, "hich laid the basis for the
#inetic theory of gases. In this "or#, 4ernoulli !osited the argument, still used to
this day, that gases consist of great numbers of molecules moing in all directions,
that their im!act on a surface causes the gas !ressure that "e feel, and that "hat
"e e6!erience as heat is sim!ly the kinetic energ of their motion. -he theory "as
not immediately acce!ted, in !art because conservation of energ had not yet been
established, and it "as not obious to !hysicists ho" the collisions bet"een
molecules could be !erfectly elastic.
%ther !ioneers of the #inetic theory ?"hich "ere neglected by their
contem!oraries@ "ere Mikhail 8omonosov ?*+&+@,546 9eorges28ouis 8e ,age ?ca. *+$0,
!ublished *$*$@,556 :ohn -erapath ?*$*6@5/6 and :ohn :ames Waterston ?*$&3@,5;6
"hich connected their research "ith the deelo!ment of mechanical e0planations of
gravitation. In *$56 August !r<nig ?!robably after reading a !a!er of ;aterston@
created a sim!le gasC#inetic model, "hich only considered the translational motion
of the !articles.5=6
In *$5+ .udolf +lausius, according to his o"n "ords inde!endently of DrYnig,
deelo!ed a similar, but much more so!histicated ersion of the theory "hich
included translational and contrary to DrYnig also rotational and ibrational
molecular motions. In this same "or# he introduced the conce!t of mean free path
of a !article. 596 In *$5E, after reading a !a!er by Alausius, :ames +lerk Ma0well
formulated the Ma0well distri%ution of molecular elocities, "hich gae the
!ro!ortion of molecules haing a certain elocity in a s!ecific range. -his "as the
firstCeer statistical la" in !hysics.5'>6 In his *$+3 thirteen !age article
>=olecules>, =a6"ell states: Z"e are told that an >atom> is a material !oint,
inested and surrounded by >!otential forces> and that "hen >flying molecules>
stri#e against a solid body in constant succession it causes "hat is called pressure
of air and other gases.[5''6 In *$+*, 8udwig $oltzmann generaliKed =a6"ell>s
achieement and formulated the Ma0well?$oltzmann distri%ution. Also the logarithmic
connection bet"een entrop and pro%a%ilit "as first stated by him.
In the beginning of t"entieth century, ho"eer, atoms "ere considered by many
!hysicists to be !urely hy!othetical constructs, rather than real obHects. An
im!ortant turning !oint "as Al%ert &instein>s ?*E05@5'(6 and Marian ,moluchowski>s
?*E06@5'*6 !a!ers on $rownian motion, "hich succeeded in ma#ing certain accurate
9uantitatie !redictions based on the #inetic theory.
(edit, See also

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