Copyright 2007, Society of Petroleum Engineers

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Abstract
A water control approach integrating log interpretation, core
analysis and production history has been designed and applied
to extend life of the very mature heavy oilfields of Block 1AB,
located in the Peruvian Jungle. The acquisition of new data,
re-processing of old data, the use of new technologies,
precisely complemented, by the innovation and experience of
a multidisciplinary work team have been crucial towards
refining selection of zones with high water production, and
stablish a new completion scheme.

It was proposed a methodology consisted of correlating
neutron and production logs with core data to update the fluid
saturation profile, in order to identify high water cut sands
within Main Vivian and Vivian B formations. Also the
technique is used to identify silt/shale beds with areal
extension, separating Vivian A from B, and thin low
permeability sands plugged with kaolinitc matrix within Main
Vivian, which are interbedded with the productive sands;
those layers are used as seal rocks when redesigning well
completion.

Eleven applications in Jibarito, Jibaro and Shiviyacu oilfields
were developed during 2005-2006, with successful results. Oil
production was instantaneously increased in 947 BOPD, while
water production was sustainably reduced in 83647 BWPD. In
addition, producing cost was reduced due to lowering energy
consumption by means of a reduced pumping requirement, as
well as, less water injection volume; diminishing surface water
treatment and mitigated environmental impacts.





Introduction

Field Overview
Block 1AB is located in the Northern part of Maraon
foreland Basin (See Figure N1). Occidental Oil Company
found oil in Block 1AB on November 1972 with North
Capahuari 1X, as the first well completed; then, confirmed the
discovery with well South Capahuari 1X, on April 1973 and
started production in 1974. Since then, more than 200 wells
were drilled, allowing Block 1AB to achieve a peak oil rate of
140000 BOPD in 1979.

Pluspetrol Norte S.A (PPN) began operating Block 1AB at the
beginning of the year 2000, applying a new management
strategy; An aggressive development plan was executed: 23
wells were drilled and 79 workovers were developed since the
year 2000. Up to date, 85.3 MMBO have been produced by
PPN.

Currently 120 wells are being produced in 12 fields with an
average production of 29,716 BOPD x 728,129 BWPD, with
more than 96% of water cut. The cumulative oil production of
Block 1AB was calculated in 665.0 MMBO by the end of year
2006.

Water Production Management

Recently, a new approach came into discusion when analyzing
how to manage the high water cut of the Block 1ABs
oilfields.

A flow chart was designed proposing a two-branch solution:

Water Control Techniques
Water Disposal.
Water Control Techniques

In the latest years, most of the efforts of the Reservoir and
Geology departments in PPN have been focused on evaluating
alternatives to reduce water production. Therefore, it was
necessary to organize a multidisciplinary team integrated by
Reservoir Engineers, Geologysts and Production Engineers,
who were in charge of studying the dynamics of fluid flow in
the medium and heavy oil reservoirs, in order to identify what
zones have been contributing with more water production, as

SPE 108039
Water Control in Heavy-Oil Mature Field, Block 1AB
Pedro Zegarra Snchez, Marco Augusto Delgado, and Victor Huerta Quiones, Pluspetrol Norte S.A.
2 SPE 108039
well as, how much oil has been trapped or bypassed in the
other sands, with less productivity index.

A new static and dynamic reservoir characterization was
carried out following the next stages:
Geology Evaluation
Block 1AB fields are located in the northern part of foreland
Maraon basin, traps are mainly low relief elongated
anticlines trending NW-SE with less than two degrees of
structural dip; some traps have stratigraphic compound. The
structures are located in a regional homocline, which is
deepening to the southwest, and are distributed in four
structural trends, which are related to pre-Cretaceous highs;
those trends are named from West to East; Capahuari-Tambo,
Ceci-Dorissa-Huayuri-Carmen, Jibarito-Jibaro-Shiviyacu
Forestal and Tigre-Bartra-San Jacinto trends. Up to date,
Fifteen commercial fields have been discovered and exploited
in Block 1AB.

The productive zones are located between 2220 and 3970
meters of vertical depth, with oil columns ranging between 7.5
and 39.0 meters. Most structures are filled to the spill point
with under-saturated oil of variable gravity between 10.5 and
40 API.

Productive reservoirs are composed of fluvial, estuarine and
shallow marine sandstones from Basal Terciary, Vivian and
Chonta Formations of Cretaceous age (See Figure N 2). The
Main productive reservoir is the Vivian Formation, which
contains 85% of the production and the ultimate recoverable
reserves of the area.

The Vivian Formation is productive in all fields. It is
composed of ortoquartzitic sandstones interbedded with thin
silt/shale beds with poor lateral continuity. From base to top
this Formation has been divided in three genetic units named;
Lower Vivian, Main Vivian or Vivian A and Upper Vivian
or Vivian B; they were deposited in different depositional
environments (separated by silt/shale beds regionally
distributed) and have different petrophisical properties.

The lower Vivian sands conform the first depositional cycle of
Vivian, they are not present in whole the area, they were
deposited in an estuarine and fluvial environment, channels
cut and fill a pre-existent low topography of the Chonta
Formation. This unit has a variable thickness between 0 and
15 meters, the sandstones have fair to poor petrophysical
quality with porosities between 10% and 18% and
permeabilities between 1 to 500 millidarcys; in some areas this
unit is silted out. Generally, this sand body is not bearing or
non-reservoir.

The Vivian A Sand or Main Vivian (Figure N 3) is the
most important unit of Vivian reservoir, it was deposited
mainly in a braided stream fluvial environment, it is composed
of clean and well sorted orthoquartzitic medium to coarse
grained sandstones interbedded with some silt/shale beds
which restrict the vertical flow of fluids within the reservoir
avoiding partially an early water conning. The thickness of
this unit varies between 18.0 and 50.0 meters, the sands have
excellent petrophysical characteristics, with porosities
between 12 and 24% and permeability values between 50 and
5000 md. This unit contains more than 94% of the Vivian oil
production and reserves. A thin shale bed with 1.0 to 4.0
meters of thickness seal and separate the Vivian A reservoir
from the Upper Vivian B reservoir.

The Vivian B Sands or Upper Vivian Sands (Figure 4) are
underlaying the Vivian A Sand deposits. This unit is
composed of low energy estuarine channels and marsh
deposits; reservoir sand bodies are finning upwards coarse to
very fine grain beds interbedded with thin silt/shale
laminations. The sandstones have fair to good petrophysical
properties, with porosities between 14.0 to 28% and
permeabilities between 10 to 1000 millidarcys. The upper
Vivian is present in whole the area with good reservoir quality
in almost 30% of the Block 1AB; the thickness of this unit
varies between 5.0 and 15.0 m. Combined
structural/stratigraphic traps have been identified in this flow
unit.

The Cachiyacu Formation is overlying the Vivian Formation.
It is composed of gray marine shales, with an average
thickness of 13.0 m, which conform the seal rock of Vivian
Reservoir.

Traditionally, Vivian A had been characterized as a
homogeneus reservoir (See figure N5) . Now, a new model
of Main Vivian has arised by cores and plugs analysis,
integrated to a reinterpretation of gamma ray, resistivity and
density curves, and assisted with production and saturation
logs. According to the new theory, Vivian A would be
composed of more than one flow unit (See Figure N 6); very
fine sands plugged with kaolinitic matrix acting as seal rocks
have been identified within Main Vivian.
Reservoir Engineering Analysis
All reservoirs are under-saturated Black Oil with very low
GOR, 20-110 SCF/STB. The reservoir pressure is directly
related to the structural position of the reservoirs in the basin,
it varies from 3000 to 4400 psi in Vivian Fm, and 2200 to
3700 in Chonta Fm..

The main production mechanisms are bottom and edge water
drive. Despite the existence of active water drive, the pressure
of the system has dropped regionally approximately 500 psi;
some lenticular reservoirs of Vivian B and Chonta Fm.
produce by depletion gas drive.

A wide range of oil gravities between 40.0 and 10.5 API are
handled in the reservoirs of the area. The water cut of medium,
and especially heavy oil reservoirs increase very fast to values
above 90% in the early stages of exploitation, due to the
differences in mobility between the viscous oil and the
formation water.

Heavy oil reservoirs, having low API gravities, high mobility
ratio and fluid rate, shows an unsteable water front; thus, it
results in a segregated flow pattern, know as underruning,
SPE 108039 3
when water breakthrough comes early, oil is inefficiencly
displaced by water, and consequently, by passed.

This phenomenon has recently been studied in more detail by
using latest technology tools and software. Multidisciplinary
team is been using The diagnose Chans type curves to let
analyts differentiate between coning and lateral water
entrance; in addition, production logging (PLT), is being run
to identify the water and oil entry points, as well as, Saturation
logs, to evaluate the producing zones and monitor the
reservoirs, looking for new and bypassed productive zones.
Finally, some numerical simulation studies have started to
identify the remaining oil zones and clearly define the water
entrances by coning, channelization and mechanic effects.

With a better understanding of the fluid flow behaviour in
medium and heavy oil reservoirs, the teams proceed to
correlating production behaviour with reservoir rock
characterization. An initial saturation profile was prepared by
each well candidate, and compared, with the new one built up
with the current data. The analysis shows us a rising of the
original water oil contact (+- 5 meters), and also the presence
of a more significant transition zone. Furthermore, it was
discovered by passed oil, and eventually potential remanent
reserves, in the upper Main Vivian, as well as, in Vivian B.
Production Engineering Analysis
The use of ESP pumps in Block 1AB by the early 80s
allowed to increase the productivity and oil rate, extending the
economic limit of the wells, and eventually, contributing with
extending drainage area of the reservoirs, as well as, an
increase of the ultimate recovery factor. However, water cut
raised significantly up to figures higher than 96% in medium
and heavy oil reservoirs.

Before carrying out water shut off applications, pre-candidate
wells required to run and record corrosion logs in order to
identify casing damage and collapsed zones, and consequently
take remedial actions. In addition, cementation logs (CBL-
VDL) were used to verify hydraulical isolation between
casing-cement, cement-formation.

The evaluation of this information integrated to the Geology
and Reservoir Analysis was very useful towards refining
candidates selection, prcising the water control application
por each selected well, and finally, defining the new well
completion & production scheme.

Techniques and Field Case Review
Three types of applications were proposed to isolate water
zones within Vivian Formation, in medium and heavy oilfields
(The productivity index greatly increases as water cut &
saturarion raises due to high ratio mobilities):

1. Isolation with Bridge Plugs
2. Isolation with Selective Cement Plugs
3. Use of Relative Permeability Modifiers

Case I: Isolation with Bridge Plugs
This technique, consisting of setting a bridge plug between
two zones, is applied, most of the times, when Main Vivian
and Vivian B produce commingling; sometimes, it is feasible
to isolate water zones from oil zones within Vivian A.The
following characteristics are required to succeed in isolation
with bridge plugs:

o Enough areal extensin of the seal rock in order to
have a sound separation between Main Vivian and
Vivian B. (Cores and Logs Correlation)
o Big contrast of permeability (2500:500 md)
o High Productivity Index Relationship (20:2 bpd/psi)
o Almost original saturation distribution in Vivian B
and rising of the water oil contact in Main Vivian
(RST interpretation). Poor productive behavoiur of
Vivian B when producing conmingling with Main
Vivian (PLT interpretation).
o Good hydraulical isolation between casing-cement,
cement-formation (CBL-VDL evaluation)

It is worth pointing out that this application left important
reserves in lower Vivian A sands, with high water cuts. This
oil could be recovered, after draining most of the reserves in
Vivian B and Upper Main Vivian, by reopening workovers

History Case I: Jibarito 06 Well

Well Analysis
The interpretation of the Sigma & Carbon Oxygen (C/O)
Reservoir Saturation Log (RST), run while well was on
production, from the top to the base (Figure N 7), show us
the following:

Open intervals from 2948.6 to 2946.2 mts. and from
2942.5 to 2939.2 mts. exhibit residual oil saturation.
There is a transition zone of 3.5 mts. (from 2926.0 to
2922.5 mts.) and the current level of the water oil
contact rised up to 2926.0 mts.
Upper Main Vivian (from 2922.5 to 2914.5 mts.) shows
an almost original saturation profile
Vivian B keep a similar saturation profile as compared to
original resistivity log interpretation

Recomendation
According with RST evaluation, Vivian B and the top of Main
Vivian show the same water saturation profile, similar to the
original interpretation of resistivity logs. Therefore, it should
first be recommended to isolate Main Vivian with a bridge
plug, while producing Vivian B; then, as water cut raise 98%,
cement the well and reopen selectively upper Main Vivian
(Figure N 8).

Procedure

Pulled out ESP Assembly
Set Bridge Plug at 22913.8 mts to isolate Main
Vivian
Reperforated Vivian B from 2909.6 to 2912.7 mts.
Installed ESP Assembly

Results:
Before Job: 551 BOPD x 9473 BWPD x 96.5% WCUT
After Job : 486 BOPD x 123 BWPD x 20.2% WCUT
These results are shown in Figure N 9
4 SPE 108039
In addition, six other jobs were carried out in Jibaro, Jibarito
and Shiviyacu fields: Jibarito 01, 12, 7 and 8 along with Jibaro
03 and Shiviyacu 13. Oil production increased about 317
BOPD while water production diminished in 48190 BWPD
(See Table N1).

Caso II: Isolation with Selective Cement Plugs
This technique has been applied when logs and core analysis
indicated a presence of Vivian B with poor petrophysics
characteristics. In this case, being Vivian A the only objective
and mainly fully perforated, sound isolation could not be
achieved with plugs and/or scab liners; it should be necessary
to cement the whole package of Main Vivian, in order to
establish the conditions to reopen selectively oil zones,
disregarding high water saturation sands. It is worth pointing
out, the precision towards recognizing very fine sands with
kaolinitc matrix within Main Vivian, by correlating neutron
and production logs with core data. The following
characteristics are required to assure success when isolating
with cement plugs:

o Identification of low permeability sands plugged with
kaolinitc matrix, which are interbedded with
productive sands within Vivian A, constraining
vertical flow and reducing coning effects
o Wells with aggregated high productivity index (+ 20
bpd/psi)
o Recognition of new water - oil contacts withing Main
Vivian, as well as, zones with almost original water
saturation in the upper Vivian A. (RST
Interpretation)
o Identification of higher water cut sands in the lower
part of Vivian A, as well as, zones of poor production
behavoiur on the top of Main Vivian (Evaluation of
PSP log).

The application of this technique en Shiviyacu Field consisted
of cementing the whole Vivian A, milling and cleaning
cement up to some meters before the top of the seal-rock
layer, and reperforate the top of main Vivian with deep
penetration guns. Then, it was performed a well test with a jet
pump to calculate the new productivity index. Finally, a new
ESP Assembly was designed, run into hole, and the well
reopened.

History Case II: Shiviyacu 28 Well

Well Analysis
The interpretation of the Sigma & Carbon Oxygen (C/O)
Reservoir Saturation Log (RST), run while well Shiviyacu 28
was on production, from the top to the base (Figure N 10),
show us the following:

The zone open from 2890.0 to 2886.0 mts. shows
residual oil saturation with almost 100% of water cut.
The current level of the water oil contact is situated at
2880.5 mts. within the perforated zone.
It has been identified a transition zone of 3 mts. until
2877.5 mts; Above this level up to the top of Main
Vivian (2878 mts.), saturation profile have not changed
significantly as compared to original fluid distribution.
Vivian B, with reduced net thickness (2 mts.), keeps a
similar saturation profile as compared to original
resistivity log interpretation.

Recomendation
According to RST and PSP evaluation (Figure N 11) in
Shiviyacu 28 Well, it was noted the existente of a seal layer at
2881.0 mts. restraining vertical flow within Main Vivian.
Therefore, a balance cement plug was suggested to be pumped
from bottom of Vivian A to 2878.5 mts. and reperforate upper
Main Vivian from 2868.7 to 2877.3 mts. with deep penetration
guns.

Procedure
Pulled Out ESP Assembly
Run RST Log
Performed balanced cement plug in Vivian A
Clean cement up to 2878.5 mts.
Run DST to calcule the new productivity index in Upper
Main Vivian
Installed ESP Assembly

Results
Before Job: 250 BOPD x 11157 BWPD x 97.8% WCUT
After Job : 363 BOPD x 32 BWPD x 8.1% WCUT
These results are shown in Figure N12

Additional jobs were carried out in other 3 wells: Shiviyacu
03, Shiviyacu 08 and Shiviyacu 10. The wholel oil production
increased by 630 BOPD and the total reduction in water
production was accounted for in 35500 BWPD (See Table
N2).

Caso III: Relative Permeability Modifiers

Chemical processes with Relative Permeability Modifiers are
good alternatives to isolate swept zones in Main Vivian.

Relative Permeability modifiers (RPM) are water-soluble,
hydrophilic polymer systems that, when hydrated, produce
long polymer chains loosely occupying the pore spaces. Being
strongly hydrophilic, RPMs attract water and repel oil and, as
a net result, they exert a drag force on water flow in the pores.
The following list summarizes the conditions to apply this
technique:
o There is no temperature limit in medium and heavy
oilfields of Block 1AB (Reservoir Temperature
250F)
o Good hydraulic isolation between casing-cement,
cement-formation.
o Wells that we can produce commingled Main Vivian
an Chonta, that we need to reduce the productivity
index in Main Vivian

For the treatment, it was necessary to pump the RPM under
matrix flow conditions, then to wait 24 hours, and finally to
produce the well.

SPE 108039 5
History Case III: Jibaro 06 Well

Well Analysis
To evaluate the use of Relative Permeability Modifier in order
to reduce water production in Main Vivian formation.

The well had been producing 240 BOPD x 6510 BWPD x
96.4% WCUT x 10.5API with a cumulative produccion of
3981.3 MBO and 45340.4 MBW by November 2006. The
history Production is shown in (Figure N 13)

The log interpretation and the recomemended interval are
shown in Figure N 14.

Procedure
Pulled Out BES Assembly
Mecanichal isolation of perforated intervals in the lower
Main Vivian with N-1 plug.
Tested lines with 3000 psi during 5 minutes
Pumped 100 bls of inhibited brine
Settled down 7 PKR to 3206.5 mts with 4 tubing
Performed Injectivity Test with 30 bls. of inhibited brine
to different rates 0.5,1.0,1.5 barrel per minute
Pumped the following fluids in Main Vivian:
50 bls of solvent + MA 1 to clean organic deposits.
65 bls of SSA Organic 1.5%
70 bls of Inhibited Brine as a spacer
190 Bls of aquacon HP 6 %
Displaced with 135 bls of WOF (max head Pressure: 1600
psi and Pumping Rate: 1 BPM)
Shut off the well for 24 hours
Pull out of hole 4 tubing with PKR; the fist 100 tubing
should be taken out slowly to avoid swab effect.
Run in Hole ESP Assembly
The pumping Operation chart is show in Figure N 15.


Results
Before Job: 240 BOPD x 6510 BWPD x 96.5% WCUT
After Job : 221 BOPD x 2663 BWPD x 92.0% WCUT

The productivity index was reduced from 12.4 to 5 BPD/PSI
Results are shown in Figure N 16.

Water Disposal

It has been estimated that water control techniques will
contribute with a reduction of 20 % of total water production,
in Block 1AB. However, there are some limitations to extend
these applications to all the oilfields, and consequently, there
is a significant volume of water that PPN will have to reinject.

Abandoned wells located at low structural position in the
flanks of the fields are being used as injectors for water
disposal, because in some fields, there are not available wet
reservoirs above the producing zones to inject the water, and
the disposal is being made within the productive reservoirs.

Currently, water disposal is executed in Jibarito and Dorissa
Fields, accounting for 90000 and 50000 BWPD, respectively.

There is a strong compromise of PPN to reinject all the water
production of Block 1AB by the next years.

Conclusions

The development and implementation of a Water
Management Strategy, based on innovation, state of the
art technology and a multidisciplinary approach, has lead
Pluspetrol Norte to succeed in applying control
techniques in Block 1AB, and eventually, will contribute
with extending life of its mature oilfields. In 11 wells
from Jibarito, Jibaro and Shiviyacu Oilfiedls, oil
production was increased in 947 BOPD, while water
production was reduced by 83647 BWPD.

Succesful results and availability of technology will
launch to extend applications to other wells and oilfields
inside Block 1AB or even other neighbor areas, with
similar reservoir characterization and dynamics.

Additionally, there is a significant impact when reducing
operative cost, by lowering surface water treatment and
disposal, as well as, energy consumption.

Water control techniques contribute with mitigating
environmental impacts and accomplish government
regulations.

Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the management of Pluspetrol
Norte for their support and permission to publish this paper.
The authors also show their gratitude to the engineering
department of Pluspetrol for their ideas to developthis work.

References
1. Silvia Blanco, Claudia Aguirre, Formacion Vivian;
Estudio Sedimentologico, Petrofisico, Diagenetico,
Mineralogico, De Microscopia Electrnica y
Bioestratigrafico.Compaa LCV.
2. J. Altamirano C.M., Ricardo C.B. de Melo, Gino Di Lullo
Case history Evaluation of RPM on Conform Fracturing
Applications, paper SPE 94352
3. P.K. Wanjau, J. Joseph, P. Cianmmetti, K. Lassel, P.
Akunna A New Technique for Carbon/Oxygen Logging
through Gravel Packs and Others Special completations
4. Enrique Estrada Vera, Reingeniera en Control de Agua
con Incremento de Produccin de Petrleo en Campos
Maduros Campo Shiviyacu Lote 1AB, Selva Norte del
Per., INGEPET 2005.
6 SPE 108039
























Before Job After Job Before Job After Job
Jibarito 01 Jibarito 486 319 10864 310
Jibarito 06 Jibarito 517 486 9351 123
Jibarito 12 Jibarito 235 508 10443 885
Jibaro 03 Jibaro 268 266 11017 6078
Shiviyacu 13 Shiviyacu 253 272 13089 8418
Jibarito 08 Jibarito 765 873 12602 7426
Jibarito 07 Jibarito 415 532 9739 5675
2939 3256 77105 28915 Total
Oil Production (BOPD) Water Production (BWPD)
Well Oilfield
Before Job After Job Before Job After Job
Shiviyacu 03 Shiviyacu 69 116 10423 1249
Shiviyacu 08 Shiviyacu 139 360 7619 8
Shiviyacu 10 Shiviyacu 127 376 9200 1653
Shiviyacu 28 Shiviyacu 250 363 11157 32
585 1215 38399 2942 Total
Oil Production (BOPD) Water Production (BWPD)
Well Oilfield
RESULTS OF WATER CONTROL
CASE I
CASE II
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
SPE 108039 7


























































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CARMEN
BARTRA
SHIVIYACU
JIBARO
JIBARITO
DORISSA
TAMBO
NOR CAPAHUARI
SUR CAPAHUARI
ANDOAS
T
IT
IC
A
C
A
2
79 77 73 71 75
7
0
0
,0
0
0
5
0
0
,0
0
0
3
0
0
,0
0
0
1
0
0
,0
0
0
9
0
0
,0
0
0
1
'
1
0
0
,0
0
0
1
'
3
0
0
,0
0
0
4
10
12
14
16
18
1'800,000
1'600,000
1'000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
6
8
200,000
SOUTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
A
T
L
A
N
T
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
A
T
L
A
N
T
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
Kilometers
N
0 150
CHILE
B
O
L
I
V
I
A
NAZCA
CUZCO
AREQUIPA
PISCO
JULIACA
PUNO
ICA
LA OROYA
HUANCAYO
TACNA
ILO
CERRODE
PASCO
CHIMBOTE
LIMA LIMA
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
LAMBAYEQUE
TRUJILLO
H
u
a
l
l
a
g
a

R
.
M
A
R
A

O
N

R
I
V
E
R
U
c
a
y
a
li R
iv
e
r
BRAZIL
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
P
A
S
T
A
Z
A
R
IV
E
R
PIURA
Bayovar Bayovar
TALARA TALARA
PAITA PAITA
N
ap
o
R
iver
ANDOAS ANDOAS
N
O
R
T
H
E
R
N
B
R
A
N
C
H
Sarimiriza San Jos de
Saramuro
YURIMAGUAS P
I
P
E
L
I
N
E
NORPERUANO
PUCALLPA
BLOCK 1-AB
TARAPOTO
IQUITOS
AM
AZO
N RIVER
2
79 77 73 71 75
7
0
0
,0
0
0
5
0
0
,0
0
0
3
0
0
,0
0
0
1
0
0
,0
0
0
9
0
0
,0
0
0
1
'
1
0
0
,0
0
0
1
'
3
0
0
,0
0
0
4
10
12
14
16
18
1'800,000
1'600,000
1'000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
6
8
200,000
SOUTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
A
T
L
A
N
T
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
A
T
L
A
N
T
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
SOUTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
A
T
L
A
N
T
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
A
T
L
A
N
T
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
Kilometers
N
0 150
Kilometers
NN
0 150 0 150
CHILE
B
O
L
I
V
I
A
NAZCA
CUZCO
AREQUIPA
PISCO
JULIACA
PUNO
ICA
LA OROYA
HUANCAYO
TACNA
ILO
CERRODE
PASCO
CHIMBOTE
LIMA LIMA
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
P
A
C
I
F
I
C

O
C
E
A
N
LAMBAYEQUE
TRUJILLO
H
u
a
l
l
a
g
a

R
.
M
A
R
A

O
N

R
I
V
E
R
U
c
a
y
a
li R
iv
e
r
BRAZIL
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
P
A
S
T
A
Z
A
R
IV
E
R
PIURA
Bayovar Bayovar
TALARA TALARA
PAITA PAITA
N
ap
o
R
iver
ANDOAS ANDOAS
N
O
R
T
H
E
R
N
B
R
A
N
C
H
Sarimiriza San Jos de
Saramuro
YURIMAGUAS P
I
P
E
L
I
N
E
NORPERUANO
PUCALLPA
BLOCK 1-AB BLOCK 1-AB BLOCK 1-AB
TARAPOTO
IQUITOS
AM
AZO
N RIVER
SO. HUAYURI SO. HUAYURI
SAN JACINTO
FORESTAL
CARMEN
BARTRA
SHIVIYACU
JIBARO
JIBARITO
DORISSA
TAMBO
NOR CAPAHUARI
SUR CAPAHUARI
ANDOAS
8 SPE 108039

















































































VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
BOTTOM
TOP
VI VIAN
B
SHALE
VI VI AN
B
SAND
VI VIAN
B
SHALE
TOP
BOTTOM
OI L
CLAY
CLAY
OI L
BOTTOM
TOP
VI VI AN
B
SAND
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
BOTTOM
TOP
VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
BOTTOM
TOP
VI VIAN
B
SHALE
VI VI AN
B
SAND
VI VIAN
B
SHALE
TOP
BOTTOM
VI VIAN
B
SHALE
VI VI AN
B
SAND
VI VIAN
B
SHALE
VI VIAN
B
SHALE
VI VI AN
B
SAND
VI VIAN
B
SHALE
TOP
BOTTOM
OI L
CLAY
CLAY
OI L
BOTTOM
TOP
VI VI AN
B
SAND
OI L
CLAY
CLAY
OI L
OI L
CLAY
CLAY
OI L
BOTTOM
TOP
VI VI AN
B
SAND
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
Lateral Bar
Longitudinal Bar
VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
VI VI AN A SAND VI VI AN A SAND
COARSE
V. FI NE
COARSE
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
Lateral Bar
Longitudinal Bar
VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
VI VI AN A SAND VI VI AN A SAND
COARSE
V. FI NE
COARSE
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
Lateral Bar
Longitudinal Bar
Lateral Bar
Longitudinal Bar
VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
VI VIAN A SAND
VI VIAN B SHALE
VI VI AN A SAND VI VI AN A SAND VI VI AN A SAND VI VI AN A SAND
COARSE
V. FI NE
COARSE
VI VI AN A SAND
COARSE
V. FI NE
COARSE
VI VI AN A SAND
COARSE
V. FI NE
COARSE
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
GR
API 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
DEPTH
FT
RESFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SFLU
OHMM 0.2 200
PHIE
0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
10050
10100
10150
10200
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
B
A4
A3
A2
A1
C
Figure N 3
Figure N 4
VIVIAN B
MAIN VIVIAN
SPE 108039 9

























































3700
3725
VIVIAN FORMATION
CHONTA FM.
VIVIAN RESERVOIR
B
A
3700
3725
VIVIAN FORMATION
CHONTA FM.
VIVIAN RESERVOIR
B
A
3700
3725
VIVIAN FORMATION
CHONTA FM.
VIVIAN RESERVOIR
B
A
2 KM
GR
GAPI 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
ACAL
INCH 10 20
DEPTH
M
RESFLAG
5 0
PAYFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SN
OHMM 0.2 200
KI
MD 2 2000
PHIE
DEC 0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
BVW
DEC 0.3 -0.3
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
PHIE
DEC 1 0
TOP VIVIAN "C" SAND
TOP "W" SHALE MARKER
TOP VIVIAN "B" SAND
TOP "X" SHALE MARKER
TOP VIVIAN "A" SAND
TOP VIVAN "A3" SAND
TOP VIVIAN "A2" SAND
TOP VIVIAN "A1" SAND
TOP VIVIAN "Z0" SH
TOP VIVIAN "A0" SAND
TOP CHONTA FORMATION
2900
2925
2950
V
I
V
I
A
N


F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
L
W
R
V
I
V
I
A
N
M
A
I
N

V
I
V
I
A
N

O
R

S
A
N
D
U
P
P
E
R

V
I
V
I
A
N
B
UNIT
C
UNIT
GOOD
RESERVOIR
K = 500 5000 md
VERTI CAL
BARRIER
K = 1 5 md
GOOD RESERVOI R
K = 500 5000 md
VI VI AN A SAND
COARSE
SAND
WITH
OI L
VERY
FI NE
SAND
WI TH
KAOLIN
MATRI X
COARSE
SAND
WI TH
OI L
OIL
SHALE
CLAY
OI L
BOTTOM
TOP
VI VI AN
B
SAND
SHALE
SHALE CLAY
FI NE
TO
MEDI UM
GRAI N
SANDS
LAMINATED
WI TH
VERY FI NE
SANDS
WI TH
KAOLI N
MATRI X
F
L
U
V
I
A
L

D
E
P
O
S
I
T
S

W
I
T
H

T
I
D
A
L

I
N
F
L
U
E
N
C
E
E
S
T
U
A
R
I
N
E

M
E
A
N
D
E
R
I
N
G

C
H
A
N
N
N
E
L
S
2 KM 2 KM
GR
GAPI 0 150
SPC
MV -130 20
ACAL
INCH 10 20
DEPTH
M
RESFLAG
5 0
PAYFLAG
5 0
ILD
OHMM 0.2 200
SN
OHMM 0.2 200
KI
MD 2 2000
PHIE
DEC 0.3 -0.3
SWE
DEC 2 0
BVW
DEC 0.3 -0.3
VCL
DEC 0 1
VCARB
DEC 0 1
PHIE
DEC 1 0
TOP VIVIAN "C" SAND
TOP "W" SHALE MARKER
TOP VIVIAN "B" SAND
TOP "X" SHALE MARKER
TOP VIVIAN "A" SAND
TOP VIVAN "A3" SAND
TOP VIVIAN "A2" SAND
TOP VIVIAN "A1" SAND
TOP VIVIAN "Z0" SH
TOP VIVIAN "A0" SAND
TOP CHONTA FORMATION
2900
2925
2950
V
I
V
I
A
N


F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
L
W
R
V
I
V
I
A
N
M
A
I
N

V
I
V
I
A
N

O
R

S
A
N
D
U
P
P
E
R

V
I
V
I
A
N
B
UNIT
C
UNIT
GOOD
RESERVOIR
K = 500 5000 md
VERTI CAL
BARRIER
K = 1 5 md
GOOD RESERVOI R
K = 500 5000 md
VI VI AN A SAND
COARSE
SAND
WITH
OI L
VERY
FI NE
SAND
WI TH
KAOLIN
MATRI X
COARSE
SAND
WI TH
OI L
GOOD
RESERVOIR
K = 500 5000 md
VERTI CAL
BARRIER
K = 1 5 md
GOOD RESERVOI R
K = 500 5000 md
VI VI AN A SAND
COARSE
SAND
WITH
OI L
VERY
FI NE
SAND
WI TH
KAOLIN
MATRI X
COARSE
SAND
WI TH
OI L
OIL
SHALE
CLAY
OI L
BOTTOM
TOP
VI VI AN
B
SAND
SHALE
SHALE CLAY
FI NE
TO
MEDI UM
GRAI N
SANDS
LAMINATED
WI TH
VERY FI NE
SANDS
WI TH
KAOLI N
MATRI X
F
L
U
V
I
A
L

D
E
P
O
S
I
T
S

W
I
T
H

T
I
D
A
L

I
N
F
L
U
E
N
C
E
E
S
T
U
A
R
I
N
E

M
E
A
N
D
E
R
I
N
G

C
H
A
N
N
N
E
L
S
Figure N 5
Figure N 6
10 SPE 108039






























































New Oil / Water Contact New Oil / Water Contact
JIBARITO 06 JIBARITO 06
1
10
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
CUMULATEOIL
O
I
L
C
U
T
(%
)
OIL CUT
5.2 %
78.8 %
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Mar-91 Nov-93 Aug-96 May-99 Feb-02 Nov-04 Aug-07
BFPD BOPD
9869 BFPD
609 BFPD
Water Production Reduction : 9228
BWPD
486 BOPDx 609BFPD x20.2% WCUT
AFTER
EZ @ 2913.8
JIBARITO 06 JIBARITO 06
1
10
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
CUMULATEOIL
O
I
L
C
U
T
(%
)
OIL CUT
5.2 %
78.8 %
1
10
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
CUMULATEOIL
O
I
L
C
U
T
(%
)
OIL CUT
5.2 %
78.8 %
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Mar-91 Nov-93 Aug-96 May-99 Feb-02 Nov-04 Aug-07
BFPD BOPD
9869 BFPD
609 BFPD
Water Production Reduction : 9228
BWPD
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Mar-91 Nov-93 Aug-96 May-99 Feb-02 Nov-04 Aug-07
BFPD BOPD
9869 BFPD
609 BFPD
Water Production Reduction : 9228
BWPD
486 BOPDx 609BFPD x20.2% WCUT
AFTER
EZ @ 2913.8
AFTER
EZ @ 2913.8
CASO I : JIBARITO 06
Figure N 7
Figure N 8 Figure N 9
SPE 108039 11




















































360 BOPDx 368 BFPD x 2.1% WCUT
SPC
mv -120 30
CALC
IN 6 16
DEPTH
M
( PERF )
0 7
ILDC
ohmm 0.2 200
SFLUC
ohmm 0.2 200
BVW
DEC 0.3 0
PHIE
DEC 0.3 0
RESFLAG
10 0
PAYFLAG
10 0
VCL
dec 0 1
SAND
DECIMAL 0 1
VIVIAN "B" SD TOP VIVIAN FM TOP
VIVIAN RES TOP VIVIAN "A" SD TOP
CHONTA FM TOP
3025
3050
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Apr-75 Oct-80 Mar-86 Sep-91 Mar-97 Sep-02 Feb-08
BFPD BOPD
Reduccion de Agua : 7611 BWPD
7758 BFPD
368 BFPD
1
10
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
CUMULATE OIL
O
IL
C
U
T
(%
)
OIL CUT
1.8 %
97.9 %
360 BOPDx 368 BFPD x 2.1% WCUT
SPC
mv -120 30
CALC
IN 6 16
DEPTH
M
( PERF )
0 7
ILDC
ohmm 0.2 200
SFLUC
ohmm 0.2 200
BVW
DEC 0.3 0
PHIE
DEC 0.3 0
RESFLAG
10 0
PAYFLAG
10 0
VCL
dec 0 1
SAND
DECIMAL 0 1
VIVIAN "B" SD TOP VIVIAN FM TOP
VIVIAN RES TOP VIVIAN "A" SD TOP
CHONTA FM TOP
3025
3050
SPC
mv -120 30
CALC
IN 6 16
DEPTH
M
( PERF )
0 7
ILDC
ohmm 0.2 200
SFLUC
ohmm 0.2 200
BVW
DEC 0.3 0
PHIE
DEC 0.3 0
RESFLAG
10 0
PAYFLAG
10 0
VCL
dec 0 1
SAND
DECIMAL 0 1
VIVIAN "B" SD TOP VIVIAN FM TOP
VIVIAN RES TOP VIVIAN "A" SD TOP
CHONTA FM TOP
3025
3050
SPC
mv -120 30
CALC
IN 6 16
DEPTH
M
( PERF )
0 7
ILDC
ohmm 0.2 200
SFLUC
ohmm 0.2 200
BVW
DEC 0.3 0
PHIE
DEC 0.3 0
RESFLAG
10 0
PAYFLAG
10 0
VCL
dec 0 1
SAND
DECIMAL 0 1
VIVIAN "B" SD TOP VIVIAN FM TOP
VIVIAN RES TOP VIVIAN "A" SD TOP
CHONTA FM TOP
3025
3050
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Apr-75 Oct-80 Mar-86 Sep-91 Mar-97 Sep-02 Feb-08
BFPD BOPD
Reduccion de Agua : 7611 BWPD
7758 BFPD
368 BFPD
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Apr-75 Oct-80 Mar-86 Sep-91 Mar-97 Sep-02 Feb-08
BFPD BOPD
Reduccion de Agua : 7611 BWPD
7758 BFPD
368 BFPD
1
10
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
CUMULATE OIL
O
IL
C
U
T
(%
)
OIL CUT
1.8 %
97.9 %
1
10
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
CUMULATE OIL
O
IL
C
U
T
(%
)
OIL CUT
1.8 %
97.9 %
Figure N 11
Figure N 10
CASO II SHIVIYACU 28
Figure N 12
12 SPE 108039


Figure N 13



























































Figure N 14




100
1000
10000
28/05/05 05/09/05 14/12/05 24/03/06 02/07/06 10/10/06 18/01/07 28/04/07
DATE
B
P
D
1
10
100
BOPD BWPD OIL CUT
CASO III : JIBARO 06
Figura N 16
Figure N 15