The Domain (Single Network in which we ha!e to configure OSPF we "i!i"e thi# Domain into part# in#tea" of treat# it a# a whole$ The#e part# are calle" Area#$ The %enefit of "i!i"ing the Network into "ifferent Area# i# that it# management %ecome# ea#&$ Or 'n OSPF en!ironment an Autonomou# S&#tem (Network i# "i!i"e" into #e!eral Area# "ue to the#e #mall area# their (anagement (OSPF Operation %ecome# ea#&$ Let following Network picture i# of an& compan& or autonomou# #&#tem 1 when we configure OSPF an" "i!i"e" it into "ifferent Area#$ 'n following network it i# ea#& to configuration in"i!i"ual area# in#tea" of whole Network$ Area ) Area * Area 3 Area + Area 1 ,ack ,one Area Area ) will alwa&# %e the ,ack %one Area in OSPF to which all area are "irectl& connecte" (Just like Capital as Islamabad is Capital of Pakistan) Area ,or"er -outer A -outer which connect# two area# i# calle" A,-$ 't ha# route# of %oth area# .lection of D- an" ,D- -outer# which are connecte" through .thernet Link# there will %e election of D- an" ,D-$ The#e are calle" .thernet Network# 'nternet Clou" Autonomou# S&#tem ,oun"ar& -outer (AS,- A -outer which connect# the Autonomou# S&#tem OSPF Network with the 'nternet Clou" Autonomou# S&#tem 1 ,ack%one Area 'n an autonomou# #&#tem in which OSPF i# configure" one Area #houl" %e the ,ack%one Area which i# "irectl& connecte" to the other Area# or in other wor"# all area #houl" ha!e to "irectl& connect with the ,ack%one Area$ A# #hown a%o!e$ Area ,or"er -outer# (A,- The router which connect# two Area# with each other i# calle" A,- (Area Border Router$ The traffic of one area which ha!e to go in other area will pa## from thi# router/ %ecau#e it0# #ome 'nterface# are in one area an" #ome interface# are in other area$ .!er& router of each area contain# routing information of it# own area$ ,ut A,- (Area Border Router) contains the routing information of both areas in which its interfaces are present. Note1 A# in pre!iou# lecture we #tate that all OSPF #peaking router# in a network ha!e #ame ink !tate "ata Base or Routing Information "ata Base. ,ut Now we can State that all OSPF #peaking router# in a Specific Area ha!e '"entical ink !tate "ata Base or Routing Information "ata Base. An" Link State Data ,a#e i# the (AP of that Area$ 2ue#tion1 3hat i# the ,enefit of "i!i"ing an OSPF Domain in Area#4 An#wer1 ,efore "i!i"ing the OSPF Domain into Area# the #i5e of Link State Data ,a#e wa# !er& %ig an" it wa# "ifficult to manage the whole Link State Data ,a#e #o6 %& "i!i"ing OSPF Domain in Area# the #i5e of Link State Data ,a#e %ecome limite" an" each router ha# le## loa" of routing ta%le#$ Note1 'n CCNA cour#e we ha!e to #tu"& OSPF configuration onl& in Single Area not in multiple area#6 #o if there are onl& few router in our network then we can put all router# in #ingle area an" it i# not nece##ar& that there #houl" %e an& ,ack ,one Area6 or Area )$ 2ue#tion1 7ow man& (a8imum router# can %e in an Area4 An#wer1 ,ecau#e #i5e of an Area can go up *)) to *9) router# #o if we ha!e few router# we can put them in a #ingle area ea#il&$ Note1 All Non:,ack ,one Area# #houl" "irectl& connect with the ,ack ,one Area$ 2ue#tion1 '# it nece##ar& that an OSPF Area #houl" %e the Back Bone Area or Area # when &ou ha!e create" &our OSPF Network in onl& One Area4 An#wer1 'f we ha!e to create our OSPF network into a #ingle area then it coul" %e an& area or $on%Back Bone6 %ut the moment when we ha!e to a"" another Area then one area #houl" %e the Back Bone Area or Area #. An" e!er& area #houl" ha!e to "irectl& connect to the Back Bone Area. Autonomou# S&#tem ,oun"ar& -outer (AS,- The router# which connect the Autonomou# S&#tem with the internet clou" are calle" the AS,- (Autonomou# S&#tem ,oun"ar& -outer$ 't ma& %e an& router an" ma& %e from an& Area of the Autonomou# #&#tem$ 2ue#tion1 1 '# AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router #houl" %e from the ,ack ,one Area or Non:,ack ,one Area4 * '# A,- (Area Border Router can %e the AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router4 3 '# there #houl" %e onl& one AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router in an Autonomou# S&#tem4 An#wer1 1 AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router can %e from an& ,ack ,one Area an" Non:,ack ,one Area$ * An A,- (Area Border Router can al#o %e the AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router$ 3 There can %e (ultiple AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Routers in an Autonomou# S&#tem$ Not1 7ow -outer a##ume# in OSPF area that the& are A,- or AS,- 'uestion( )ow Router assumes that it is ABR (Area Border Router An#wer1 'uestion( )ow Router assumes that it is A!BR (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router) Answer( *ostl& routing information between the routers in an Area is e+changed through ,!P- (,pen !hortest Path -irst) and in .wo or more Autonomous !&stems the routing information /+change through different Routing Protocols but the mostl& using routing protocol is B0P (Border 0atewa& Protocol) and the Router on which Both ,!P- (,pen !hortest Path -irst) and B0P (Border 0atewa& Protocol) are configured will assume itself an A!BR (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router). :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: (etric Of OSPF (Open Shorte#t Path Fir#t 2ue#tion1 3hat i# %an" wi"th4 An#wer1 The "ifference %etween the 7ighe#t an" Lowe#t Fre;uencie# a!aila%le for Network #ignal# i# calle" ,an"wi"th$ ,ig #i5e packet# can not pa## through the interface which ha# low %an"wi"th$ 'n #imple wor"# we can #a& that it i# <u#t like the 1idth of the Road$ No traffic can pa## which i# wi"e more than the wi"th of roa"$ The co#t i# the ,an"wi"th "epen"ent metric an" it i# calculate" %& -outer# automaticall& %& u#ing the following formula1 1) =
Co#t > ,an"wi"th -outer "i!i"e# the 'nterface ,an"wi"th %& the -eference ,an"wi"th an" get# the Co#t of a link$ The "efault !alue of the -eference ,an"wi"th i# 1) = 1)))))))) The Co#t i# in!er#el& proportional to the ,an"wi"th$ 'f a Link ha# 7igh ,an" wi"th it# co#t will %e le## an" !i#e !er#a$ 't i# non monitor& co#t$ 't i# <u#t a num%er$ ,an"wi"th i# a num%er %etween 11)6)))6))) an" i# mea#ure" in kilo%it#$ Co#t i# a num%er %etween 1?96939$ Co#t ha# no unit of mea#urement it i# <u#t a num%er$ Link# ha!ing 7igh ,an" wi"th an" Low Co#t are more prefera%le$ Note1 .thernet 'nterface# ha!e high ,an"wi"th there for .thernet Link# ha!e Low Co#t$ An" Serial 'nterface# ha!e Low ,an"wi"th there for Serial Link# ha!e 7igh Co#t Cost OSPF for Ethernet interfaces: 1 Bandwidth of Ethernet (802.2) is 10 Mb 2 Bandwidth of Fast Ethernet (802.!) is 100Mb Bandwidth of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) is 1000Mb 1 Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 10 8 /Bandwidth Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 10 8 /10Mb Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 10 8 /10x10 6 Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 100000000/10000000 Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 10 2 Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 10 8 /Bandwidth Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 10 8 /100Mb Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 10 8 /100x10 6 Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 100000000/100000000 Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 1 3 Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 10 8 /Bandwidth Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 10 8 /1000Mb Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 10 8 /1000x10 6 Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 100000000/1000000000 Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 1/10 &er' ()*ortant +ote: Cost wi,, ne-er be in Fractions so in abo-e .!estion the cost of "i#abit Ethernet is no correct. Mini)!) Cost wi,, be 1 so Cost cannot be decrease. /hen how we can #et the correct Cost0 (f the Bandwidth of (nterface increases fro) the 1efa!,t 2eference Bandwidth then we sho!,d ha-e to confi#!re the 2eference &a,!e of Bandwidth )an!a,,'. Cost OSPF for Seria, (nterface: 1 Bandwidth of Seria, (nterface (/31) is 1.455 Mb 1 Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 10 8 /Bandwidth Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 10 8 /1.544Mb Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 10 8 /1.544x1000 Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 100000000/1544000 Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 64.75~64 T:1 > 1$9++(% > 19++@% i# the "efault ,an"wi"th of Serial 'nterface if we change the %an"wi"th of the Serial 'nterface of Ci#co -outer#$ Let we change it to ?+@% 2 Bandwidth of Seria, (nterface (Man!a,,' Chan#ed) is 657b router> router>enable router# router#configure ter!inal router"config## router"config##interface $erial 0 router"config%if## router"config%if##bandwidth 64000 router"config%if## Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 10 8 /Bandwidth Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 10 8 /64&b Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 10 8 /64x1000 Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 100000000/64000 Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 156'.5~15 /i*: For OSPF to calculate route# properl&6 all interface# connecte" to the #ame link mu#t agree on the co#t of that link$ Therefore6 if &ou change the reference %an"wi"th on one router6 &ou mu#t change it to match on all router# in that area$ 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 S0 (1.1.1.1) S0 (1.1.1.2) S1 (2.1.1.2) S1 (2.1.1.1) S0 (3.1.1.1) S1 (4.1.1.2) S0 (3.1.1.2) S1 (4.1.1.1) E0 (200.100.50.100) E0 (200.100.100.100) E0 (200.100.200.100) E0 (200.100.150.100) A B D C 1$)$)$) *$)$)$) 3$)$)$) +$)$)$) IP (200.100.50.12) IP (200.100.50.11) IP (200.100.50.26) IP (200.100.200.25) IP (200.100.100.65) IP (200.100.100.66) IP (200.100.150s.80) IP (200.100.150.81) *))$1))$9)$) *))$1))$*))$) *))$1))$1))$) *))$1))$19)$) /his is the +etwor8 /o*o,o#' in Cor-it and we ha-e to confi#!re the OSPF ro!tin# *rotoco,. (f there are two areas then one of both sho!,d be the Bac8bone 9rea. B!t we *!t a,, the 2o!ters in a sin#,e 9rea. (t can be an' area b!t we a,wa's start fro) the 9rea 0. :et !s confi#!re OSPF on 2o!ter 9 for +etwor8s 1.0.0.0 ; 5.0.0.0 ; 200.100.40.0 router(> router(>enable router(# router(#configure ter!inal router("config## router("config##router o$)f 1 router("config%router## rouetr("config%router##networ& 1.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 router("config%router##networ& 4.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 router("config%router##networ& '00.100.50.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 router("config%router##end router(# OSPF is confi#!red <!st ,i8e the ("2P three difference are no)inated abo-e ,et !s see what the' are: 1 Process (1 (t is *!re,' the interna, n!)ber of the ro!ter and it is not concern with an' nei#hborin# ro!ter. Area ) Proce## 'D 3il" Car" (a#k Appropriate Area (During configuration of IGRP we type Autonomous System Number and it concern with the neighboring routers because, those networks in which IGRP is configured and if Autonomous System Number of neighboring routers do not match they can never echange the routing information). (n the case of OSPF Process (1 does not interfere in the e=chan#in# of the ro!tin# tab,es fro) one ro!ter to its nei#hbors. (f the *rocess (1 of two ro!ters is not sa)e in OSPF then the' can a,so e=chan#e the ro!tin# infor)ation. /he ran#e of the Process (1 is fro) 1 to 6444 we can t'*e an' Process (1 between these n!)bers.
1ifference between 9!tono)o!s S'ste) +!)ber and Process (1 9!tono)o!s S'ste) +!)ber Process (1 (n ("2P confi#!ration (n OSPF confi#!ration
9!tono)o!s S'ste) +!)ber Sho!,d be sa)e of a,, the ("2P ro!ters in the sa)e 9!tono)o!s S'ste) Process (1 Can be confi#!red sa)e and can a,so be confi#!red different on a,, the ro!ter in a networ8 ro!t OSPF (n the case of ("2PO Sa)e 9!tono)o!s S'ste) ro!ter wi,, on,' e=chan#e the ro!tin# infor)ation (n the case of OSPF 2o!ters ha-in# sa)e or different *rocess (1 can e=chan#e the ro!tin# infor)ation On,' one ("2P can be confi#!red >e can r!n OSPF )!,ti*,e ti)es on the ro!ters !sin# different Process (1. Or in technica, ,an#!a#e we can sa' that we can confi#!re the M!,ti*,e (ntensiti-es of OSPF one a ro!ter 2 >i,dcard Mas8 (n the case of 2(P and ("2P we on,' t'*e the +etwor8 (1 after the +etwor8 co))and b!t d!rin# confi#!ration of OSPF we sho!,d ha-e to t'*e the >i,dcard Mas8 of the networ8 9rea >e sho!,d ha-e to t'*e the area in which the ro!ter interface is *resent :et !s confi#!re OSPF on 2o!ter B for +etwor8s 1.0.0.0 ; 2.0.0.0 ; 200.100.100.0 routerB> routerB>enable routerB# routerB#configure ter!inal routerB"config## routerB"config##router o$)f 1 routerB"config%router## rouetrB"config%router##networ& 1.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 routerB"config%router##networ& '.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 *outer("config##router igr) 1 *outer("config##router o$)f 1 *outerB"config##router igr) 1 *outerB"config##router o$)f '4 routerB"config%router##networ& '00.100.100.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 routerB"config%router##end routerB# :et !s confi#!re OSPF on 2o!ter C for +etwor8s 2.0.0.0 ; .0.0.0 ; 200.100.140.0 router+> router+>enable router+# router+#configure ter!inal router+"config## router+"config##router o$)f 1 router+"config%router## rouetr+"config%router##networ& '.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 router+"config%router##networ& ,.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 router+"config%router##networ& '00.100.150.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 router+"config%router##end router+# :et !s confi#!re OSPF on 2o!ter 1 for +etwor8s .0.0.0 ; 5.0.0.0 ; 200.100.200.0 router-> router->enable router-# router-#configure ter!inal router-"config## router-"config##router o$)f 1 router-"config%router## rouetr-"config%router##networ& ,.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 router-"config%router##networ& 4.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 router-"config%router##networ& '00.100.'00.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 router-"config%router##end router-# :et !s see So)e Show Co))ands for OSPF ro!tin# *rotoco, On 2o!ter 9 *outer(#$how i) )rotocol$ *outing .rotocol i$ /o$)f 1/ 0ending u)date$ e1er2 30 $econd$4 next due in 10 $econd$ 5n1alid after ,0 $econd$4 hold down 04 flu$hed after 60 6utgoing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$ 5nco!ing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$ *edi$tributing7 o$)f 1 *outing for 8etwor&$7 1.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 4.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 '00.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 *outing 5nfor!ation 0ource$7 9atewa2 -i$tance :a$t ;)date '00.100.50.100 110 0070070, -i$tance7 "default i$ 110# *outer(# On -outer , *outerB#$how i) )rotocol$ *outing .rotocol i$ /o$)f 1/ 0ending u)date$ e1er2 30 $econd$4 next due in 10 $econd$ 5n1alid after ,0 $econd$4 hold down 04 flu$hed after 60 6utgoing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$ 5nco!ing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$ *edi$tributing7 o$)f 1 *outing for 8etwor&$7 1.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 '.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 '00.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 *outing 5nfor!ation 0ource$7 9atewa2 -i$tance :a$t ;)date '00.100.100.100 110 007007'' -i$tance7 "default i$ 110# *outerB# On -outer C *outer+#$how i) )rotocol$ *outing .rotocol i$ /o$)f 1/ 0ending u)date$ e1er2 30 $econd$4 next due in 10 $econd$ 5n1alid after ,0 $econd$4 hold down 04 flu$hed after 60 6utgoing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$ 5nco!ing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$ *edi$tributing7 o$)f 1 *outing for 8etwor&$7 '.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 ,.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 '00.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 3 *outing 5nfor!ation 0ource$7 9atewa2 -i$tance :a$t ;)date '00.100.150.100 110 007007'4 -i$tance7 "default i$ 110# *outer+# On -outer D *outer-#$how i) )rotocol$ *outing .rotocol i$ /o$)f 1/ 0ending u)date$ e1er2 30 $econd$4 next due in 10 $econd$ 5n1alid after ,0 $econd$4 hold down 04 flu$hed after 60 6utgoing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$ 5nco!ing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$ *edi$tributing7 o$)f 1 *outing for 8etwor&$7 ,.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 4.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0 '00.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0 *outing 5nfor!ation 0ource$7 9atewa2 -i$tance :a$t ;)date '00.100.'00.100 110 007007'' -i$tance7 "default i$ 110# *outer-# *outer(#$how i) route +ode$7 +%connected4 0%$tatic4 5%59*.4 *%*5.4 M%!obile4 B%B9. -%<59*.4 <=%<59*. external4 6%60.>4 5(%60.> inter area <1%60.> external t2)e 14 <'%60.> external t2)e '4 <%<9. i%50%504 :1%50%50 le1el%14 :'%50%50 le1el%'4 ? % candidate default ; % )er%u$er $tatic route 9atewa2 of la$t re$ort i$ not $et + 1.0.0.0/8 @110/64A + 4.0.0.0/8 @110/64A + '00.100.50.0/'4 @110/10A 6 '.0.0.0/8 @110/1'8A 1ia 1.1.1.' 0075'755 6 ,.0.0.0/8 @110/13'A 1ia 1.1.1.' 007447'' ,.0.0.0/8 @110/13'A 1ia 4.1.1.1 00748744 6 '00.100.100.0/8 @110/74A 1ia 1.1.1.' 007'1744 6 '00.100.150.0/8 @110/1,8A 1ia 1.1.1.' 007''744 '00.100.150.0/8 @110/1,8A 1ia 4.1.1.1 00754745 6 '00.100.'00.0/8 @110/74A 1ia 4.1.1.1 00744747 *outer(# 7ow OSPF Calculate the Co#t let u# #ee The Default Co#t of Serial 'nterface i# ?+ %ecau#e$ Default ,an"wi"th of Serial 'nterface i# 19++@% an" we know co#t i# e;ual to 1) = A19++>?+ An" Default Co#t of .thernet 'nterface i# 1) %ecau#e$ Default ,an"wi"th of .thernet 'nterface i# 1))))@% an" we know co#t i# e;ual to 1) = A1))))@% 1) = A1)))))))>1) So6 Total co#t for each route at -outer A in OSPF i# calculate" %& a""ing the Outgoing 'nterface# Co#t#$ It is .able for onl& at Router A Routing .able *etric Calculation A"mini#trati!e Di#tance (etric Co#t 1) = Co#t > ,an"wi"th Ne8t 7ope router 'P Time for Bp"ate# Similarl& we appl& thi# comman" C0how i) route$D on -outer ,6 -outer C an" -outer D$ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> *outer(#$how i) o$)f *outing .roce$$ /o$)f 1/ with 5- '00.100.50.100 0u))ort$ onl2 $ingle B60"B600# route$ 0.> $chedule dela2 5 $ec$4 Cold ti!e between two 0.>$ 10 $ec$ Mini!u! :0( inter1al 5 $ec$. Mini!u! :0( arri1al 1 $ec$ 8u!ber of external :0( 0. +hec&$u! 0u! 0x0 8u!ber of -+bitle$$ external :0( 0 8u!ber of -o8ot(ge external :0( 0 8u!ber of area$ in thi$ router i$ 1. 1 nor!al 0 $tub 0 n$$a (rea B(+DB68<"0# 8u!ber of interface$ in thi$ area i$ 1 (rea ha$ no authentication 0.> algorith! executed 4 ti!e$ (rea range$ are 8u!ber of :0( 1. +hec&$u! 0u! 0x''1'- 8u!ber of -+bitle$$ :0( 0 8u!ber of indication :0( 0 8u!ber of -o8ot(ge :0( 0 Co#t for -oute# Co#t Outgoing 'nterface Serial E Co#t Outgoing 'nterface .thernet Total Co#t Serial ) Serial 1 E .thernet ) 1$)$)$) ?+ E ) 23 +$)$)$)$ ?+ E ) 23 *))$1))$9)$) E 1) 4# *$)$)$) ?+ ?+ E ) 456 3$)$)$) ?+E?+ ?+ E ) 475 *))$1))$1))$) ?+ E 1) 83 *))$1))$19)$) ?+ ?+ E 1) 496 *))$1))$*))$) ?+ E 1) 83 The highe#t 'P a""re## of an& interface of the router i# calle" -outer 'D 't mean# all the 'nterface# of thi# router are in #ingle area router(# Similarl& we appl& thi# comman" C0how i) o$)fD on -outer ,6 -outer C an" -outer D$ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> *outer(#$how i) o$)f neighbor 8eighbor 5- .ri 0tate -ead Bi!e (ddre$$ 5nterface '00.100.'00.100 1 >ull 007007,5 4.1.1.1 0erial 1 '00.100.100.100 1 >ull 007007'8 1.1.1.1 0erial 0 router# 't i# the neigh%or ta%le which i# "e!elope" "ue to e8change of hello packet#$ Similarl& we can appl& thi# comman" C$how i) o$)f neighbor$D on -outer ,6 -outer C an" -outer D$ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
if we u#e C$how i) o$)f interfaceD comman" then all the interface# of the router will e8ecute #o we can #ee in"i!i"uall& the interface# one %& one6 B#ing the comman" of each Serial an" .thernet interface$ @0how i) o$)f $erial 0A4 @0how i) o$)f $erial 1A OSPF alwa&# #how# the -outer 'D (highest ip address of an& interface of the router of it# "irectl& connecte" router# an" the#e router# are calle" neigh%or router# 't i# the priorit& of the router# which are neigh%or# of router A an" all router# in OSPF ha!e b& default :alue of priorit&;4$ Al#o we know all the router# #houl" ha!e #ame priorit& A# we know that all the router in OSPF pa## through #e!en "ifferent #tate# an" la#t #tate i# calle" Full #tate an" at thi# #tate all router ha!e e8change" the "B"P$ A# we know Dea" Time in OSPF i# b& default is 3# seconds$ All the router# #en" hello packet# after e:er& 4# seconds to it# neigh%or#$ An" all routers should ha:e same )ello time and dead inter:als. The#e are the 'P a""re## of tho#e interface# of the router A through which router# C5##.4##.5##.4## and 5##.4##.4##.4##D are neigh%or# of router A$ The#e are the interface# of the router A through which router# , an" D are neigh%or# of router A$ (nd @0how i) o$)f <thernet 0A Let u# #ee interface .thernet ) of router A router(# router(#$how i) o$)f <thernet 0 <thernet 0 i$ u)4 line )rotocol i$ u) 5nternet (ddre$$ '00.100.50.100/'44 (rea 0 .roce$$ 5- 14 *outer 5- '00.100.50.1004 8etwor& B2)e Broadca$t. +o$t 10 Bran$!it dela2 i$ 1 $ec4 0tate -* .riorit2 14 -e$ignated *outer 5- '00.100.50.100 8o bac&u) de$ignated router on thi$ 8etwor& Bi!e inter1al configured4 Cello 104 -ead 404 *etran$!it 5 Cello due in 00700703 5ndex '/'. >lood Eueue length i$ 0 8ext 0x0"0#/0x0"0# :a$t flood $can length i$ 14 !axi!u! i$ 1 :a$t flood $can ti!e i$ 0 !$ec4 !axi!u! count i$ 1 8eighbor count i$ 04 adFacent neighbor count i$ 0 0u))re$$ hello for 0 neighbor$ router(# Let u# #ee interface #erial ) of router A router(# router(#$how i) o$)f $erial 0 0erial 0 i$ u)4 line )rotocol i$ u) 5nternet (ddre$$ 1.1.1.1/84 (rea 0 .roce$$ 5- 14 *outer 5- '00.100.50.1004 8etwor& B2)e .658BGB6G.658B +o$t 10 Bran$!it dela2 i$ 1 $ec4 0tate .658BGB6G.658B4 Bi!e inter1al configured4 Cello 104 -ead 404 *etran$!it 5 Cello due in 00700703 5ndex '/'. >lood Eueue length i$ 0 8ext 0x0"0#/0x0"0# :a$t flood $can length i$ 14 !axi!u! i$ 1 :a$t flood $can ti!e i$ 0 !$ec4 !axi!u! count i$ 1 8eighbor count i$ 14 adFacent neighbor count i$ 1 (dFacent with neighbor 1.1.1.'/8 0u))re$$ hello for 0 neighbor$ router(# Similarl& we can appl& thi# comman" @$how i) o$)f interfaceA on -outer ,6 -outer C an" -outer D$ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> *outer(#$how i) o$)f databa$e 60.> *outer with 5- "# ".roce$$ 5- 1# *outer :in& 0tate$ "(rea 0# :in& 5- (-H *outer (ge 0eE# +hec&$u! :in& count *outer(# Similarl& we can appl& thi# comman" @$how i) o$)f databa$eD on -outer ,6 -outer C an" -outer D$ ==========================================================