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1. Introduction................................................................. 1-5
2. Review ofliterature ...................................................... 6-51
I. NEUTROPHILS (PMNs) ..............................................................6
2.1) Neutrophil maturation ............................................................ 8
2.1.1) Stem cell to myeloblasts ...................................................... 9
2.1.2) Myeloblast ...................................................................... 11
2.1.3) Promyelocyte .................................................................... 12
2.1.4) Myelocyte ....................................................................... 12
2.1.5) Metamyelocyte/ Band cell ...................................................... 13
2.1.6) Mature Neutrophils ............................................................. 14
2.2) Cytoplasmic granules and their contents ..................................... 15
2.2.1) Azurophilic/primary granules ................................................. 16
2.2.2) Specific/secondary granules ................................................... 17
2.2.3) Gelatinase/tertiary granules .................................................... 17
2.2.4) Secretory vesicles ............................................................... 18
2.3) Bone marrow to circulation ...................................................... 19
2.4) Functions of neutrophils ......................................................... 20
2.4.1) Activation and extravasation .................................................. 20
2.4.2) Phagocytosis ..................................................................... 21
2.4.3) Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) ........................................ 22
2.4.4) Trans-differentiation into dendritic cells ..................................... 23
2.4.5) Antigen presentation ............................................................ 24
2.4.6) Neutrophil anti- inflammatory ................................................. 27
2.4.7) Cytokine synthesis and release ................................................ 27
2.4.8) Apoptosis ......................................................................... 29
II. NITRIC OXIDE ........................................................................ 33
2.5) Functions of N 0 .....................................................................34
2.6) NO mediated modulation of PMNs function ..................................37
2.7) Neutrophils and NO/NOS ........................................................42
2.7.1) Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in neutrophil. ................................. .43
2.7.2) Nitric oxide in bone marrow .................................................... .45
2.7.3) Nitric oxide and hematopoiesis ............................................... .47
2.8) N eutrophils in Pathophysiology .................................................48
2.9) NO & cell proliferation ............................................................ 49
4. Results ...................................................................69-121
4.1. Status of NO/NOS in Neutrophils and its Precursor cells .......... 69
4.1.1) Isolation & characterization of rat neutrophils and its precursor cells
4.1.1.1) BMC characterization ....................................................... 69
4.1.1.2) Peroxidase staining..................................... . .................... 70
4.1.1.3) Granular marker proteins ..................................................... 70
4.1.1.4) Myeloperoxidase activity .................................................... 71
4.1.1.5) Nitrite level. .................................................................... 71
4.1.1.6) Nitric oxide ..................................................................... 71
4.1.1.7) Nitric oxide synthase activity ............................................... 71
4.1.1.8) Nitric oxide synthase proteins ................................................ 72
4.1.1.9) NOS m RNA expression ..................................................... 73
4.1.1.1 0) Immunolabelling of cells .................................................... 74
4.1.1.10.1) Flow Cytometer. ........................................................... 74
4.1.1.10.2) Confocal microscopy ...................................................... 74
4.1.2) Isolation and characterization of human neutrophil precursor cells ...77
4.1.2.1) Human neutrophil precursor cells ............................................. 77
4.1.2.2) Cell sorting ........................................................................ 77