The Kelian Gold Deposit, East Kalimantan, Indonesian :

The Exploration History Of Desseminated

Gold Ore Body
INTODUCTION
The kelian gold deposit occurs In the Indonesian province of east Kalimantan, on the island of
borneo (figure I ). Kelian is one a number of tertiary-age volcanic-hosted gold deposits which occur
within a 400 kilometre long by 30 kilometre wide northeast trending volcanic corridor which extends
from central Kalimantan to central east Kalimantan.
The deposit was discovered in 1976 during follow up work on alluvial gold deposits in the kelian
river valley. Using the tradisional exploration techniques of stream sediment, pan concentrate, rock float
and outcrop sampling, the source of the alluvial gold was traced to an area known as prampus. This
initial discovery led to some five years of semicontinuous exploration,utilizing geological mapping, soil,
deep-augher, pit , trench and outcrop samplind and several diamond-drilling programmes.these
investigations delineated two major ore bodies, west and east prampus. A major work programme
commenced in 1986 after the signing of the contract of work (COW) with the Indonesian
government.this proramme included further soil and augher sampling, a geophysical IP/resistivity
survey, an intensive diamond drilling programme to accurately define both the oxide and primary
sulphide ore reserves, and detailed metallurgical and geotechnical sulphides.
The direction in which the exploration of the kelian deposit has proceeded at any time has been
influenced by the interplay of a number of factors, including the geological understanding of the
deposit, the price of gold, metallutgical testwork result and company philosophy. The work to date has
outlined a geological reserve of around 77.9 million tonnes grading 1.8 g/t gold in the prampus
area.Although the resources has not yet been fully delineated, the kelian gold deposit is the largest
known gold deposits in Indonesia.
GEOLOGY
The geology, mineralogy and geological model for the kelian deposit have been discussed in
detail in van leeuwen et al. (1990) and are shown in figures II and III.the following is a brief summary.
The geology of the deposit consists af a pile of silicic pyroclastics grading upwards into a series
os siltstones,sandstones minor limestone and carbonaceous lenses of eoceneage.the sequence was
folded and faulted along north and northeast trends.a number of alkaline-calcalkaline andesitic bodies
intruded the axial region of a regional anticline, probably during the early Miocene. Sometime after the
intrusion of the andesites a hydrothermal system was established in the area . This polyphasal even
brought about extensive alteration and mineralization of the country rocks.ore-grade gold
mineralisation in closely related to several of the andesit intrusions. The characteristics of the deposit
show affinities with both porphyry and epithermal styles of mineralisation. The deposit may represent a
transition between the two styles.
HISTORY OF DISCOVERY , PHILOSOPHY AND RESULTS OF EXPLORATION
Initial Explortion
As part of investigations into the potential for alluvial gold deposits in upper Mahakam
river area, geologists from rio tinto Indonesia(RTI) made the first visit into the kelian river catchment in
april 1975. at this timethere were small number of miners working the alluvial gravel using panning and
pitting method. Panned concentrate samples were taken of both fixed and active sediments. All stream
sedimentsamples assayed gold.some pits were also sampled. The gold particles observed occurred as
slivers, rods and wires and thick pitted flakes and chips, characteristics which suggested an unreworked
derivation from a nearby source. The high gold values in the active alluvium and the very rich gravel
deposits along the lower kelian river were considered highly e.ncouraging for future exploration, but RTI
concluded that because the alluvial deposits were mainly small and scattered there was only a low
potential for major exploitation by alluvial operations.
The occurrenceof such high alluvial grades,however, together with the relatively juvenile nature
of the gold suggested s high potensial for a rich primary source upstream . Additional work within yhe
river drainage system to assess the potensial for a primary gold source and to check on the possibility of
larger alluvial deposits further upstream was recommended.
A second trip into the area was made in early 1976. The reconnaissance survey involved tape
and compass mapping of the river, stream-sediment sampling for gold, silver and base metals, pan-
concentrate sampling of active and fixed gravels, float and outcrop sampling and general geological
mapping of the kelian river and some of its tributaries. A change from sedimentary units to tuffaceous
units was noted upstream of the Muara Nakan. The initial survey up the Sg. Bayak was not particularly
encouraging even though gold was panned. In the Kelian River, iron staining was notted in a cliff face
exposed by a large landslip in the northeast of the area. Closer investigation of the cliff face , the
discoveryoutcrop showed the rock to be highly altered and pyritic. The exposure was thought to be a
dyke and was sampled. No gold was observed in the rocks. The survey team continued further upriver
and recognized and sampled the intrusives and brrecias in the area of Sg. Sopan Dua, approximately 6
km upstream of Gunung Runtuh.
Sampling of the active (gravel bar) and fixed (bank and pit) gravels from the Kelian River
between the tributaries Sg. Bengeh and Sg. Magerang assayed gold grades of 400-800 mg/m3 with some
as high as 2 g/m3. The alluvial potential of the Kelian River drainage area was assessed and considered
to have potential only for smallscale mining methods, and were of no further interest to RTI.
The true significance of the rocks in the prampus area was not realized until the assay values of
the samples were returned. Stream sediment samples from the Sg Bayak, Assayed 0.84-33.5 ppm Au
and two rock samples, one from a boulder and another from a quartz vein, assayed 8 g/t and 100 g/t
Aurespectively. Tuffs in the Gunung Runtuh area gave values 0f 1-2 g/t Au. At the time the price of gold
averaged SUS125/oz and RTIs target for a hard rock resources was 30 million tonnes of 4-6 g/t Au.

Surface Work
The next work programme began in may 1976. Outcrop exposure in the area between
the Sg Bayak and Gunung Runtuh was poor. Therefore, soil sampling was the most effective way to
sample the area. Survey stations were initially located on the 8 g/t Au boulder in the Sg Bayak, and on
Gunung Runtuh. A line was surveyed between these two points and a second line was surveyed to the
northwest from the survey sation C1(Figure II). The latter line was placed for convenience, without any
geological basis. A soil sampling programme was undertaken along these two lines. Fortuit ously, the
lines crossed all the major gold anomalies in the area.
Asaays from the rock samples collected along the Sg Tepu, where outcrop was good, were
generally very disappointing . Some 40 of th 103 samples collected within the Prampus Hillarea were
anomalous with respect to gold (0.1-7.9 ppm). Significantly these samples all came from one area of
argillised and pyritised rock.
From july to November 1976 a detailed geological, a detailed geological and geochemical
sampling programme was undertaken to define an area for detailed exploration. Outcrop sampling and
deep augher boring were undertaken and the programme culminated in the sinking of test pits within
the anomalous zones indicated by soil geochemistry.
During the period February May 1977, an additional, more intensive , programme of soil
sampling was carried out along contours at 20 m vertical and 50 m horizontal sapcings. The distribution
of gold in the soils outlined a broad +0.2 ppm anomaly covering an area of approximately square
kilometer within which there is an arcuate series of +2 ppm anomalies ( Figure IV). These anomalies
generally coincide with the contact zones between the andesitic intrusives and tuffs. The two
majoranomalies were named waet and east Prampus.
The average of the 77 siol samples within the 2 ppm Au Contours was 3.55 ppm . the +3 ppm
anomalies were then investigated first by pitting and then by a comprehensive programme of trenching
and some Banka Boring . The soil geochemistry gave a good, thought not infallible, indication of the
zones of possible ore-grade rock.
Three Banka bores, with depths up to 21 metres were sunk. Samples collected over one metre
intervals assayed up to 105 ppm. One of the Banka bores averaged >20 g/t Au. Assays from these holes
suggested that, in some areas , rock brades increased with depth, an effect considered to be more
related to structural controls than startigtraphy.
A total of 636 m in 8 trenches were dug, sampled and mapped. Most trenches were dug to give
information on grade. Some were sited to elucidated the local geology .A comparison of the assays for
the soil and the channel samples from the trenches indicated that, in general, the solis gave a
reasonable approximation of both the position and grade of the mineralised zones.
Assay values from the rock sampling programme generally followed the pattern delineated by
the soil geochemistry,
Indonesian
The Kelian Gold Deposit , Kalimantan Timur , Indonesia:
Eksplorasi Sejarah diseminata
Bijih Emas Tubuh
pengantar
Deposit emas kelian terjadi Di provinsi Indonesia Kalimantan timur , di pulau borneo (gambar I) . Kelian
adalah salah satu sejumlah tersier usia deposito emas vulkanik - host yang terjadi dalam 400 kilometer
panjang 30 kilometer timur laut lebar tren koridor vulkanik yang membentang dari Kalimantan Tengah
ke Kalimantan timur tengah .
Deposit ditemukan pada tahun 1976 selama masa tindak lanjut bekerja pada deposito emas aluvial di
lembah sungai kelian . Menggunakan teknik eksplorasi tradisional asli dari endapan sungai , pan
konsentrat , mengapung batu dan singkapan sampling, sumber emas aluvial dijiplak ke daerah yang
dikenal sebagai prampus . Penemuan awal ini menyebabkan sekitar lima tahun eksplorasi semi ,
memanfaatkan pemetaan geologi , tanah , Augher mendalam , pit , parit dan singkapan samplind dan
beberapa penyelidikan programmes.these berlian pengeboran digambarkan dua badan bijih utama ,
barat dan timur prampus . Sebuah program kerja utama dimulai pada tahun 1986 setelah
penandatanganan kontrak karya (KK ) dengan program government.this Indonesia termasuk tanah lebih
lanjut dan pengambilan sampel Augher , survei IP / tahanan geofisika , program pengeboran berlian
intensif untuk secara akurat menentukan kedua oksida dan sulfida primer cadangan bijih , dan rinci
sulfida metalurgi dan geoteknik .
Arah di mana eksplorasi deposit kelian telah berlangsung setiap saat telah dipengaruhi oleh interaksi
dari sejumlah faktor , termasuk pemahaman geologi deposit , harga emas , hasil testwork metallutgical
dan filosofi perusahaan . Pekerjaan sampai saat ini telah menggariskan cadangan geologi sekitar
77.900.000 ton dengan kadar 1,8 g / t emas di prampus area.Although sumber daya belum digambarkan
penuh, deposit emas kelian adalah yang terbesar deposito emas dikenal di Indonesia .
GEOLOGI
Geologi , mineralogi dan model geologi untuk deposit kelian telah dibahas secara rinci dalam van
Leeuwen et al . ( 1990) dan ditunjukkan pada angka II dan iii.The Berikut ini adalah ringkasan singkat .
Geologi deposit terdiri af tumpukan piroklastika silikat dengan kadar ke atas menjadi siltstones seri os ,
batupasir batu kapur kecil dan lensa karbon urutan eoceneage.the dilipat dan menyalahkan sepanjang
utara dan timur laut trends.a jumlah badan andesit basa - calcalkaline diterobos wilayah aksial dari
antiklin regional, mungkin selama awal Miosen . Beberapa waktu setelah intrusi andesit sistem
hidrotermal didirikan di daerah tersebut . Polyphasal ini bahkan membawa perubahan yang luas dan
mineralisasi dari mineralisasi emas rocks.ore kelas negara berkaitan erat dengan beberapa gangguan
andesit . Karakteristik deposit menunjukkan kedekatan dengan kedua porfiri dan epithermal gaya
mineralisasi . Deposit mungkin merupakan transisi antara dua gaya .
SEJARAH PENEMUAN , FILSAFAT DAN HASIL EKSPLORASI
Eksplorasi awal
Sebagai bagian dari penyelidikan potensi endapan emas aluvial di wilayah sungai Mahakam atas, ahli
geologi dari rio tinto Indonesia ( RTI ) membuat kunjungan pertama ke dalam DAS kelian pada bulan
april 1975. Pada timethere ini adalah sejumlah kecil penambang bekerja kerikil aluvial menggunakan
metode panning dan mengadu domba . Sampel konsentrat menyorot diambil dari kedua sedimen tetap
dan aktif . Semua sedimentsamples aliran diuji gold.some pit juga sampel . Partikel emas yang diamati
terjadi sebagai irisan , batang dan kabel dan serpih tebal diadu dan keripik , karakteristik yang
menyarankan derivasi unreworked dari sumber terdekat . Nilai emas tinggi di alluvium aktif dan
deposito kerikil sangat kaya sepanjang sungai kelian rendah dianggap sangat e.ncouraging untuk
eksplorasi masa depan, tetapi RTI menyimpulkan bahwa karena endapan aluvial terutama kecil dan
tersebar hanya ada potensi rendah untuk besar eksploitasi oleh operasi aluvial .
Terjadinya nilai aluvial seperti tinggi, namun , bersama-sama dengan sifat yang relatif remaja emas
menyarankan s potensial tinggi untuk sumber utama yang kaya hulu . Pekerjaan tambahan dalam yhe
sistem drainase sungai untuk menilai potensial untuk sumber emas primer dan untuk memeriksa
kemungkinan endapan aluvial yang lebih besar lebih hulu direkomendasikan .
Sebuah perjalanan kedua ke daerah itu dibuat pada awal tahun 1976 . Survei pengintaian terlibat tape
dan pemetaan kompas dari sungai , sungai - sedimen sampling untuk emas , perak dan logam dasar , pan
- konsentrat sampling kerikil aktif dan tetap , mengambang dan singkapan sampel dan pemetaan geologi
umum sungai kelian dan beberapa anak sungainya . Perubahan dari unit sedimen ke unit tufan tercatat
hulu Muara Nakan . Survei awal sampai Sg . Bayak tidak terlalu menggembirakan meskipun emas
menyorot . Di Sungai Kelian , pewarnaan besi notted di tebing terpapar oleh longsoran besar di timur
laut daerah . Penyelidikan lebih dekat dari tebing , " singkapan penemuan " menunjukkan batu yang
akan sangat berubah dan pirit . Eksposur dianggap tanggul dan sampel . Tidak ada emas diamati di
bebatuan . Tim survei terus lanjut hulu dan diakui dan mencicipi intrusives dan brrecias di daerah Sg .
Sopan Dua , sekitar 6 km ke hulu dari Gunung Runtuh .
Sampling yang aktif ( kerikil bar ) dan tetap (bank dan pit ) kerikil dari Sungai Kelian antara anak sungai
Sg . Bengeh dan Sg . Magerang diuji kadar emas dari 400-800 mg/m3 dengan beberapa setinggi 2 g/m3 .
Potensi aluvial daerah drainase Sungai Kelian dinilai dan dianggap memiliki potensi hanya untuk metode
penambangan skala kecil , dan tidak ada bunga lebih lanjut untuk RTI .
Makna sebenarnya dari batuan di daerah prampus tidak menyadari sampai nilai-nilai uji sampel
dikembalikan . Sampel endapan sungai dari Sg Bayak , diuji 0,84-33,5 ppm Au dan dua sampel batuan ,
salah satu dari batu besar dan satu lagi dari urat kuarsa , diuji 8 g / t dan 100 g / t Aurespectively . Tufa di
daerah Gunung Runtuh memberi nilai 0f 1-2 g / t Au . Pada saat itu harga emas rata-rata SUS125/oz dan
sasaran RTI untuk sumber daya hard rock adalah 30 juta ton dari 4-6 g / t Au .

permukaan Kerja
Program kerja berikutnya dimulai pada bulan Mei 1976 eksposur . Singkapan di daerah antara Sg Bayak
dan Gunung Runtuh miskin . Oleh karena itu , pengambilan contoh tanah adalah cara yang paling efektif
untuk sampel daerah . Stasiun survei pada awalnya terletak di 8 g / t Au batu di Sg Bayak , dan di
Gunung Runtuh . Sebuah garis disurvei antara dua titik dan baris kedua disurvei ke arah barat laut dari
survei sation C1 ( Gambar II ) . Garis kedua ditempatkan untuk kenyamanan , tanpa dasar geologi .
Sebuah program pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan sepanjang dua baris . Kebetulan , garis melintasi
semua anomali emas utama di daerah tersebut .
Asaays dari sampel batuan yang dikumpulkan sepanjang Sg Tepu , di mana singkapan yang baik , yang
umumnya sangat mengecewakan . Sekitar 40 th 103 sampel yang dikumpulkan dalam Prampus Hillarea
yang anomali sehubungan dengan emas ( 0,1-7,9 ppm ) . Secara signifikan sampel ini semua berasal dari
satu daerah argillised dan pyritised rock.
Dari Juli-November 1976 geologi rinci, program rinci geologi dan geokimia sampling dilakukan untuk
menentukan suatu daerah untuk eksplorasi rinci . Singkapan sampling dan Augher membosankan
mendalam dilaksanakan dan program memuncak dalam tenggelamnya lubang uji dalam zona anomali
ditunjukkan oleh geokimia tanah .
Selama periode Februari-Mei 1977, tambahan , lebih intensif , program pengambilan contoh tanah
dilakukan sepanjang kontur pada 20 m vertikal dan 50 m sapcings horisontal . Distribusi emas di tanah
diuraikan +0.2 ppm anomali luas seluas sekitar kilometer persegi di mana ada seri arkuata dari +2
anomali ppm ( Gambar IV ) . Anomali ini umumnya bertepatan dengan zona kontak antara intrusives
andesit dan tuf . Kedua majoranomalies diberi nama waet dan timur Prampus .
Rata-rata dari 77 sampel siol dalam 2 ppm Au Kontur adalah 3,55 ppm . +3 anomali ppm kemudian
diselidiki pertama dengan pitting dan kemudian dengan program yang komprehensif dari penggalian
dan beberapa Boring Banka . Tanah geokimia memberikan yang baik , pikiran tidak sempurna , indikasi
zona kemungkinan bijih kelas rock.
Tiga membosankan Banka , dengan kedalaman sampai 21 meter tenggelam . Sampel yang dikumpulkan
lebih dari satu interval meter diuji hingga 105 ppm . Salah satu sumur Banka rata-rata > 20 g / t Au . Tes
dari lubang ini menunjukkan bahwa , di beberapa daerah , Brades batu meningkat dengan kedalaman ,
efek dianggap lebih terkait dengan kontrol struktural dari startigtraphy .
Sebanyak 636 m di 8 parit digali , sampel dan dipetakan . Sebagian besar parit digali untuk memberikan
informasi mengenai kelas . Beberapa diletakkan untuk dijelaskan geologi lokal . Perbandingan tes untuk
tanah dan sampel saluran dari parit menunjukkan bahwa , secara umum, solis memberikan perkiraan
yang baik posisi dan kelas zona mineralisasi .
Nilai tes dari program sampling batuan umumnya mengikuti pola digambarkan oleh geokimia tanah ,
meskipun permukaan sampling bisa














The Kelian Gold Deposit, East Kalimantan, Indonesian :
The Exploration History Of Disseminated
Gold Ore Body
INTrODUCTION
The kelian gold deposit occurs In the Indonesian province of east Kalimantan, on the island of
borneo (figure I ). Kelian is one a number of tertiary-age volcanic-hosted gold deposits which occur
within a 400 kilometre long by 30 kilometre wide northeast trending volcanic corridor which extends
from central Kalimantan to central east Kalimantan.
The deposit was discovered in 1976 during follow up work on alluvial gold deposits in
the kelian river valley. Using the tradisional exploration techniques of stream sediment, pan
concentrate, rock float and outcrop sampling, the source of the alluvial gold was traced to an area
known as prampus. This initial discovery led to some five years of semicontinuous exploration,utilizing
geological mapping, soil, deep augher, pit , trench and outcrop samplind and several diamond-drilling
programmes.these investigations delineated two major ore bodies, west and east prampus. A major
work programme commenced in 1986 after the signing of the contract of work (COW) with the
Indonesian government.this programme included further soil and augher sampling, a geophysical
IP/resistivity survey, an intensive diamond drilling programme to accurately define both the oxide and
primary sulphide ore reserves, and detailed metallurgical and geotechnical sulphides.
The direction in which the exploration of the kelian deposit has proceeded at any time
has been influenced by the interplay of a number of factors, including the geological understanding of
the deposit, the price of gold, metallutgical testwork result and company philosophy. The work to date
has outlined a geological reserve of around 77.9 million tonnes grading 1.8 g/t gold in the prampus
area.Although the resources has not yet been fully delineated, the kelian gold deposit is the largest
known gold deposits in Indonesia.
GEOLOGY
The geology, mineralogy and geological model for the kelian deposit have been discussed in
detail in van leeuwen et al. (1990) and are shown in figures II and III.the following is a brief summary.
The geology of the deposit consists af a pile of silicic pyroclastics grading upwards into a series
os siltstones,sandstones minor limestone and carbonaceous lenses of eoceneage.the sequence was
folded and faulted along north and northeast trends.a number of alkaline-calcalkaline andesitic bodies
intruded the axial region of a regional anticline, probably during the early Miocene. Sometime after the
intrusion of the andesites a hydrothermal system was established in the area . This polyphasal even
brought about extensive alteration and mineralization of the country rocks.ore-grade gold
mineralisation in closely related to several of the andesit intrusions. The characteristics of the deposit
show affinities with both porphyry and epithermal styles of mineralisation. The deposit may represent a
transition between the two styles.
HISTORY OF DISCOVERY , PHILOSOPHY AND RESULTS OF EXPLORATION
Initial Exploration
As part of investigations into the potential for alluvial gold deposits in upper Mahakam
river area, geologists from rio tinto Indonesia(RTI) made the first visit into the kelian river catchment in
april 1975. at this timethere were small number of miners working the alluvial gravel using panning and
pitting method. Panned concentrate samples were taken of both fixed and active sediments. All stream
sedimentsamples assayed gold.some pits were also sampled. The gold particles observed occurred as
slivers, rods and wires and thick pitted flakes and chips, characteristics which suggested an unreworked
derivation from a nearby source. The high gold values in the active alluvium and the very rich gravel
deposits along the lower kelian river were considered highly e.ncouraging for future exploration, but RTI
concluded that because the alluvial deposits were mainly small and scattered there was only a low
potential for major exploitation by alluvial operations.
The occurrence of such high alluvial grades,however, together with the relatively juvenile nature
of the gold suggested s high potensial for a rich primary source upstream . Additional work within yhe
river drainage system to assess the potensial for a primary gold source and to check on the possibility of
larger alluvial deposits further upstream was recommended.
A second trip into the area was made in early 1976. The reconnaissance survey involved tape
and compass mapping of the river, stream-sediment sampling for gold, silver and base metals, pan-
concentrate sampling of active and fixed gravels, float and outcrop sampling and general geological
mapping of the kelian river and some of its tributaries. A change from sedimentary units to tuffaceous
units was noted upstream of the Muara Nakan. The initial survey up the Sg. Bayak was not particularly
encouraging even though gold was panned. In the Kelian River, iron staining was notted in a cliff face
exposed by a large landslip in the northeast of the area. Closer investigation of the cliff face , the
discovery outcrop showed the rock to be highly altered and pyritic. The exposure was thought to be a
dyke and was sampled. No gold was observed in the rocks. The survey team continued further upriver
and recognized and sampled the intrusives and brrecias in the area of Sg. Sopan Dua, approximately 6
km upstream of Gunung Runtuh.
Sampling of the active (gravel bar) and fixed (bank and pit) gravels from the Kelian River
between the tributaries Sg. Bengeh and Sg. Magerang assayed gold grades of 400-800 mg/m3 with some
as high as 2 g/m3. The alluvial potential of the Kelian River drainage area was assessed and considered
to have potential only for smallscale mining methods, and were of no further interest to RTI.
The true significance of the rocks in the prampus area was not realized until the assay values of
the samples were returned. Stream sediment samples from the Sg Bayak, Assayed 0.84-33.5 ppm Au
and two rock samples, one from a boulder and another from a quartz vein, assayed 8 g/t and 100 g/t
Aurespectively. Tuffs in the Gunung Runtuh area gave values 0f 1-2 g/t Au. At the time the price of gold
averaged SUS125/oz and RTIs target for a hard rock resources was 30 million tonnes of 4-6 g/t Au.

Surface Work
The next work programme began in may 1976. Outcrop exposure in the area between
the Sg Bayak and Gunung Runtuh was poor. Therefore, soil sampling was the most effective way to
sample the area. Survey stations were initially located on the 8 g/t Au boulder in the Sg Bayak, and on
Gunung Runtuh. A line was surveyed between these two points and a second line was surveyed to the
northwest from the survey sation C1(Figure II). The latter line was placed for convenience, without any
geological basis. A soil sampling programme was undertaken along these two lines. Fortuitously, the
lines crossed all the major gold anomalies in the area.
Asaays from the rock samples collected along the Sg Tepu, where outcrop was good, were
generally very disappointing . Some 40 of th 103 samples collected within the Prampus Hillarea were
anomalous with respect to gold (0.1-7.9 ppm). Significantly these samples all came from one area of
argillised and pyritised rock.
From july to November 1976 a detailed geological, a detailed geological and geochemical
sampling programme was undertaken to define an area for detailed exploration. Outcrop sampling and
deep augher boring were undertaken and the programme culminated in the sinking of test pits within
the anomalous zones indicated by soil geochemistry.
During the period February May 1977, an additional, more intensive , programme of soil
sampling was carried out along contours at 20 m vertical and 50 m horizontal sapcings. The distribution
of gold in the soils outlined a broad +0.2 ppm anomaly covering an area of approximately square
kilometer within which there is an arcuate series of +2 ppm anomalies ( Figure IV). These anomalies
generally coincide with the contact zones between the andesitic intrusives and tuffs. The two
majoranomalies were named waet and east Prampus.
The average of the 77 siol samples within the 2 ppm Au Contours was 3.55 ppm . the +3 ppm
anomalies were then investigated first by pitting and then by a comprehensive programme of trenching
and some Banka Boring . The soil geochemistry gave a good, thought not infallible, indication of the
zones of possible ore-grade rock.
Three Banka bores, with depths up to 21 metres were sunk. Samples collected over one metre
intervals assayed up to 105 ppm. One of the Banka bores averaged >20 g/t Au. Assays from these holes
suggested that, in some areas , rock brades increased with depth, an effect considered to be more
related to structural controls than startigtraphy.
A total of 636 m in 8 trenches were dug, sampled and mapped. Most trenches were dug to give
information on grade. Some were sited to elucidated the local geology .A comparison of the assays for
the soil and the channel samples from the trenches indicated that, in general, the solis gave a
reasonable approximation of both the position and grade of the mineralised zones.
Assay values from the rock sampling programme generally followed the pattern delineated by
the soil geochemistry,