Directional under-power protection

function block description

Document ID: PRELIMINARY VERSION
Budapest, October 2009


Directional under-power protection
function block description

Document ID: PRELIMINARY VERSION
Budapest, October 2009

Directional under-power protection function
PRELIMINARY VERSION 2/9



Users manual version information

Version Date Modification Compiled by
Preliminary 24.11.2009. Preliminary version, without technical information Petri






Directional under-power protection function
PRELIMINARY VERSION 3/9

CONTENTS

1 Directional under-power protection function ........................................................................4
1.1 Application ....................................................................................................................4
1.2 Mode of operation ........................................................................................................4
1.3 Structure of the directional under-power protection algorithm .....................................5
1.3.1 P-Q calculation ......................................................................................................5
1.3.2 Directional decision ...............................................................................................6
1.3.3 The decision logic ...............................................................................................7
1.4 Technical summary ......................................................................................................8
1.4.1 Technical data .......................................................................................................8
1.4.2 Summary of the parameters .................................................................................8
1.4.3 Summary of the generated output signals ............................................................9
1.4.4 Summary of the input signals................................................................................9
1.4.5 The function block .................................................................................................9

Directional under-power protection function
PRELIMINARY VERSION 4/9

1 Directional under-power protection function
1.1 Application
The directional under-power protection function can be applied mainly to protect generators
(or any other elements of the electric power system) if the active and/or reactive power has to
be limited in respect of the allowed minimum power.



1.2 Mode of operation
The inputs of the function are the Fourier basic harmonic components of the three phase
currents and those of the three phase voltages.

Based on the measured voltages and currents, the block calculates the three-phase active
and reactive power (point S in Figure 1-1) and compares the P-Q coordinates with the
defined characteristics on the power plane. The characteristic is defined as a line laying on
the point S
S
and perpendicular to the direction of S
S.
(The S
S
point is defined by the Start
power magnitude and the Direction angle.) The under-power function operates if the angle
of the S-S
S
vector related to the directional line is above 90 degrees or below -90 degrees.

At operation, the Start power value is increased by a hysteresis value.



Figure 1-1 The directional under-power decision

Q
P
Direction angle
Start power
SS
S
S-SS

Q
P
Start power
operate
Directional under-power protection function
PRELIMINARY VERSION 5/9



1.3 Structure of the directional under-power protection
algorithm

Fig.1-2 shows the structure of the directional under-power protection (DUP32) algorithm.


Figure 1-2 Structure of the directional under-power protection algorithm

The inputs are
the RMS value of the fundamental Fourier component of the three phase currents
(IL1, IL2, IL3),
the RMS value of the fundamental Fourier component of the three phase voltages
(UL1, UL2, UL3),
parameters,
status signals.

The function can be enabled or disabled. The status signal of the VTS (voltage transformer
supervision) function can also disable the directional operation.

The outputs are
the binary output status signals.

The software modules of the directional under-power protection function:

1.3.1 P-Q calculation
Based on the RMS values of the fundamental Fourier component of the three phase currents
and of the three phase voltages, this module calculates the three-phase active and reactive
power values.


The input signals are the RMS values of the fundamental Fourier components of the three
phase currents and three phase voltages and the three line-to-line voltages.

The internal output signals are the calculated three-phase active and reactive power
values.
Q
P
RCA
start only
&
&
1 OR
BLK
VTS
START
TRIP
t
P
Q
UL1
UL2
UL3
IL1
IL2
IL3
start
Start power
1
parameters
DUP 32
Directional under-power protection function
PRELIMINARY VERSION 6/9


1.3.2 Directional decision

This module decides if, on the power plane, the calculated complex power is closer to the
origin than the corresponding point of the characteristic line. The operation of this function is
explained in Figure 1-1.

The internal input signals are the calculated active and reactive power values.

The internal output signal is the start signal of the function.



Integer parameter

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Step Default
Direction angle (See Figure 1-1)
DUP32_RCA_IPar_ Direction angle deg -179 180 1 0
Table 1-1 Integer parameter of the directional decision

Float parameter

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Digits Default
Minimum power setting (See Figure 1-1)
DUP32_StPow_FPar_ Start power % 1 200 -1 10
Table 1-2 Float parameter of the directional decision
Directional under-power protection function
PRELIMINARY VERSION 7/9


1.3.3 The decision logic
This part of the function block combines status signals to make a decision to start.
Additionally to the directional decision, the function may not be blocked by the general Block
signal, and may not be blocked by the signal Block for VTS of the voltage transformer
supervision function.

If the parameter setting also requires a trip signal (DUP32_StOnly_BPar_=0), then the
measurement of the definite time delay is started. The expiry of this timer results in a trip
command.

Enumerated parameter

Parameter name Title Selection range Default
Switching on/off of the function
DUP32_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off,On On
Table 1-3 The enumerated parameter of the decision logic
Boolean parameter
Parameter name Title Default
Selection: start signal only or both start signal and trip command
DUP32_StOnly_BPar_ Start signal only 0
Table 1-4 The Boolean parameter of the decision logic

Timer parameters

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Step Default
Definite time delay of the trip command
DUP32_Delay_TPar_ Time delay msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 1-5 Timer parameter of the decision logic

The input status signals of the OC function block:

Binary status signal Title Explanation
DUP32_VTS_GrO_ Block from VTS Blocking signal from the voltage
transformer supervision function
DUP32_Blk_GrO_ Block General blocking signal
Table 1-6 The binary input status signals of the decision logic


The output status signals of the OC function block:

Binary status signal Title Explanation
DUP32_GenSt_GrI_ General Start General start signal of the function
DUP32_GenTr_GrI_ General Trip Trip command of the function
Table 1-7 The binary output status signals of the decision logic

Directional under-power protection function
PRELIMINARY VERSION 8/9
1.4 Technical summary
1.4.1 Technical data
Function Effective range* Accuracy*





*To be defined by types tests
Table 1-8 Technical data of the directional under-power protection function
1.4.2 Summary of the parameters
Enumerated parameter

Parameter name Title Selection range Default
Switching on/off of the function
DUP32_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off,On On
Table 1-9 The enumerated parameter of the directional under-power protection function
Boolean parameter
Parameter name Title Default
Selection: start signal only or both start signal and trip command
DUP32_StOnly_BPar_ Start signal only 0
Table 1-10 The Boolean parameter of the directional under-power protection function


Integer parameter

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Step Default
Direction angle (See Figure 1-1)
DUP32_RCA_IPar_ Direction Angle deg -179 180 1 0
Table 1-11 Integer parameter of the directional under-power protection function

Float parameter

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Digits Default
Minimum power setting (See Figure 1-1)
DUP32_StPow_FPar_ Start power % 1 200 -1 10
Table 1-12 Float parameter of the directional under-power protection function


Timer parameters

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Step Default
Definite time delay of the trip command
DUP32_Delay_TPar_ Time delay msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 1-13 Timer parameter of the directional under-power protection function


Directional under-power protection function
PRELIMINARY VERSION 9/9
1.4.3 Summary of the generated output signals

Binary status signal Title Explanation
DUP32_GenSt_GrI_ General Start General start signal of the function
DUP32_GenTr_GrI_ General Trip Trip command of the function
Table 1-14 The binary output status signals of the directional under-power protection function
1.4.4 Summary of the input signals
Binary status signals

The directional under-power protection function has binary input status signals. The
conditions are defined by the user, applying the graphic equation editor.

Binary status signal Title Explanation
DUP32_VTS_GrO_ Block from VTS Blocking signal from the voltage
transformer supervision function
DUP32_Blk_GrO_ Block General blocking signal
Table 1-15 The binary input status signals of the directional under-power protection function



1.4.5 The function block

The function block of the directional under-power protection function is shown in Figure 1-3.
This block shows all binary input and output status signals that are applicable in the graphic
equation editor.



Figure 1-3 The function block of the directional under-power protection function

The names of the input and output signals are explained in Table 1-14 and Table 1-15 above.


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