Advantages and disadvantages

There are several advantages and disadvantages in this Hybrid Electric Monorail
transportation system, although it depends on the circumstances. The circumstances where
monorail has the most advantages is where there is a need for a fixed route through a built-up
area, with an anticipated medium passenger load. The following advantages apply to
monorails in general.

1. Adaptability
The primary advantage of monorails over other transportation systems is that they require
minimal space, both horizontally and vertically. Monorail vehicles are wider than the beam,
and this monorail systems are elevated, thus did not consuming or interfere the road system
and traffics. They also only requiring a minimal footprint for support pillars.
2. Passenger Efficiency
The monorail have span wide area capacity which increase mobility for all especially the
elderly and disabilities also this system can carry more passenger than busses. Busses have
limited spaces and sitting, while monorail provides more standing and sitting feasibility
options. Ease in transporting loads and goods, since it is wide and spacious.
3. Safety
Because a monorail is grade separated, it can't collide with cars or other vehicles or run
over people or bicycles. People can drive, bike, or walk under the monorail without having to
look out for oncoming trains. Another thing is that, although trains have an excellent safety
record, there are occasions when they derail, sometimes with disastrous results. The straddle-
type monorail that I am proposing wraps around the single rail and cannot derail. A block
signal and braking system, controlled by electronics, are said to make collisions impossible.
Monorail is by design, a grade-separated system. They do not interfere with existing transport
modes.




4. Service Quality
Friendly to the environment with enormous performance reliability and nearly silent
operation as passengers travel above it all, monorails consistently provide the best ride
available to an ever-increasing constituency of riders. They are considered as a silent
transport and not contributing noise pollution as compared to cars and buses in the
environment. They are quieter because this modern monorails use rubber wheels on a
concrete track although some non-monorail subway systems, like certain lines of the
metropolitans city which uses the same technique and are equally quiet. The monorail
transportation reduces air pollution as it is not using diesel and The monorail only generated
fully by electricity.
5. Time consumption
Speed and efficiency. Faster and efficient, the monorail transportation saves time as they
speed up travel movement and also a time-saving transportation. The system can provide
rapid transit between each station which connects every school centres and facilities within
stations provided, and sometimes necessitates a student walk for as much as 10 minutes from
building to building making some students consistently late for classes.
6. Workforce Development
Monorail does not require any human workman forces to drive the crane manually, with
new technology system it is an automated moving transportation which are completely
computerized and can be far monitored by engineer staffs in the operated room.
7. Congestion Impacts
Reduces congested traffic conditions and parking issues since USM has small and
inadequate parking spaces. This also can reduce the usage of bus transportation since people
would likely make this monorail as more preferable transportation system.
8. Carbon Footprint
From manufacturing, construction and location through operation, maintenance and
energy use, monorail technology and systems register the lightest carbon footprint of all
currently operating mass transportation systems. Due to a smaller footprint, they are seen as
more attractive than conventional elevated rail lines and block only a minimal amount of sky.
They are more beautiful than buses.


10. Aesthetics
The monorail railway can be constructed to be an enhancement rather than spoiling the
USM environment. Monorail systems generally have a smaller footprint on the environment
and the narrow guide beams are less bulging that effects the USM scenery. The elevated
beam and pillars track can make the USM environment looks futuristic and modern.

11. Sustainability
From manufacturing and technological systems development, engineering and
construction to the efficiencies of every aspect of monorail systems operations, monorails
will set new environmental, energy, safety, adaptability, and economic performance standards
for this 21st century urban mass transportation. USM will become the first campus to
introduce the sustainable mobility and can set example to other universities.








Disadvantages

1. Cost effective
Monorail systems are not cheap to implicate and build in USM campus. They cost much
more than bus systems. Even though bus systems normally cost much less, in the case of true
bus rapid transit where specially-designed buses run on grade separated bus-only roadways,
the costs may exceed that of a monorail line.
2. High maintenance
Monorail vehicle are wider than the guide way that supports them. A monorail system
comprises guide way, car, station, power supply equipment, computer control systems and
maintenance and storage facilities are needed to build in USM. Hardware replacement and
spare parts are quite expensive if any damage occur. Required daily check ups by a
professional high skilled conductor to handle and operate the system so that the system can
run flawlessly through all the route in USM campus. Without this, the system will facing
technical faulty and controls malfunction and could cause the monorail to speed up and travel
at dangerous speeds and dangerous to the students and other user.
3. Power and high energy consumption
Despite of being a high maintenance transportation, this system are fully run by electricity
and are powered by electric motors, contact wires or electrified channels attached to or
enclosed in their guidance beams. A higher energy voltage are required by USM to run this
operation system. If the electricity system are down, this system of transportation cannot be
run.

4. Construction
Process of monorail construction is complex which requires dig a hole, drop in a pre-built
support pylon, truck in the track which was manufactured offsite, lift into place but it has to
be build in proper and high environment condition because it involves the wiring and cables
that connects to electricity. From truck bed to pylons was a matter of a few minutes. The
entire system took a period of time to construct in USM if there are no catastrophic event or
bad weathers . No other fixed rail can be installed as quickly and as disruption-free.






4. Emergency evacuation
In an emergency, passengers may not be able to immediately exit because an elevated
monorail vehicle is high above ground and not all systems have emergency walkways. The
passengers must sometimes wait until a rescue train, fire engine comes to the rescue.
5. Turnouts failure
May occur especially at high speeds. Monorail infrastructure and vehicles are often made
by separate manufacturers, with different manufacturers using incompatible designs.
6. Fragility and vulnerability
overhead electrification systems can suffer great interruption due to mechanical faults and the
effects of high winds causing the the moving monorail to become entangled with the circuit, ripping
the wires from their supports. The damage is often not limited to the supply to one track, but effects
others rail causing the entire route to hang or lag.
7. Theft
the high scrap value of copper and the unguarded, also remote installations make overhead cables
an attractive target for scrap metal thieves.







References
Website : Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia
Topic : Railway electrification system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_electrification_system
Website : a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational organization based in Los Angeles, California
Topic : The American Monorail Project
http://www.theamericanmonorailproject.com/our-mission/monorail-system-adaptability
Website : ABN: 62 621 816 146. Overview. Monorails Australia company
Topic : The American Monorail Project
http://www.monorailsaustralia.com.au/urban_monorail.html