Due Mar 7

3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
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Due Mar 7
Due: 11:59pm on Friday, March 7, 2014
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Exercise 14.28 with feedback
The reaction below has an equilibrium constant at 298
You may want to reference ( pages 653 - 658) section 14.3 while completing this problem.
Part A
Calculate for the reaction below.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
ANSWER:
Correct
One of the relationships between the equilibrium constant and a chemical equation is the following:
If you multiply the coefficients in the equation by a factor, , raise the value of the equilibrium constant by the same
factor, .
In this case, is double the given reaction equation in the introduction. Using
the relationship mentioned above, the value of the equilibrium constant should be raised to the power of 2 to give
4.8!10
12
.
Part B
ANSWER:
= 2.2 K
p
10
6
K.
2 (g) (g) + (g) COF
2
CO
2
CF
4
K
p
4 (g) 2 (g) +2 (g) COF
2
CO
2
CF
4
=
4.8!10
12
K
n
K
n
4 (g) 2 (g) +2 (g) COF
2
CO
2
CF
4
K
p
6 (g) 3 (g) +3 (g) COF
2
CO
2
CF
4
=
1.1!10
19
K
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
Correct
One of the relationships between the equilibrium constant and a chemical equation is the following:
If you multiply the coefficients in the equation by a factor, , raise the value equilibrium constant by the same factor,
.
In this case, is triple the given reaction equation in the introduction. Using
the relationship mentioned above, the value of the equilibrium constant should be raised to the power of 3 to give
1.1!10
19
.
Part C
ANSWER:
Correct
One of the other relationships between the equilibrium constant and a chemical equation is the following:
If you reverse the equation, then you invert the equilibrium constant:
Part D
Predict whether reactants or products will be favored at equilibrium for each of the above reactions.
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
ANSWER:
n
K
n
6 (g) 3 (g) +3 (g) COF
2
CO
2
CF
4
K
p
2 (g) +2 (g) 4 (g) CO
2
CF
4
COF
2
=
2.1!10
"13
K
= K
reverse
1
K
forward
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
Correct
To determine whether a reaction favors the products or reactants, the equilibrium constant can be analyzed. Since
the equilibrium constant is equal to the concentration of the products over the reactants, the larger the value of
, the higher the concentration of products.
If , then products are favored because the forward reaction is favored; the reaction proceeds essentially
to completion.
If , then neither direction is favored and the reaction goes halfway to completion.
If , then the reactants are favored because the reverse reaction is favored; the forward reaction does not
proceed very far.
Both of the above reactions have an equilibrium constant greater than 1. Therefore, these reactions both favor the
forward reaction and, thus, the products.
This reaction has an equilibrium constant less than 1. As a result, the reverse reaction and the reactants are favored
and the forward reaction will not proceed very far.
Calculate for each of the following reactions.
Part A
(at 298 )
ANSWER:
K
K
K >> 1
K 1
K << 1
4 (g) 2 (g) +2 (g) K = 4.8 COF
2
CO
2
CF
4
10
12
6 (g) 3 (g) +3 (g) K = 1.1 COF
2
CO
2
CF
4
10
19
2 (g) +2 (g) 4 (g) K = 2.1 CO
2
CF
4
COF
2
10
13
K
p
(g) 2 N (g) = 5.9 N
2
O
4
O
2
K
c
10
3
K
= 0.14 K
p
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
Correct
To determine the of the reaction, recall the formula
For this reaction,
Substituting the values into the equation gives
Part B
(at 298 )
ANSWER:
Correct
For this reaction,
Part C
(at 298 )
K
p
= (RT K
p
K
c
)
n
n = moles gaseous product moles gaseous reactant = 2 1 = 1
= (RT = 5.9 ( 0.08206 298 K = 0.14 K
p
K
c
)
n
10
3
Latm
molK
)
1
(g) + 3 (g) 2 N (g) = 3.7 N
2
H
2
H
3
K
c
10
8
K
=
6.2!10
5
K
p
K
p
= (RT K
p
K
c
)
n
n = moles gaseous reactant moles gaseous reactant = 2 4 = 2
= (RT = 3.7 ( 0.08206 298 K = 6.2 K
p
K
c
)
n
10
8
Latm
molK
)
2
10
5
(g) + (g) 2 NO (g) = 4.10 N
2
O
2
K
c
10
31
K
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
ANSWER:
Correct
For this reaction,
Notice that when the number of moles of product gas is the same as the number of moles of reactant gas, is
zero,
Exercise 14.44
Consider the following reaction:

A reaction mixture is made containing an initial of 2.1!10
"2
. At equilibrium, 1.3!10
"2
.
Part A
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant .
ANSWER:
Correct
=
4.10!10
"31
K
p
K
p
= (RT K
p
K
c
)
n
n = moles gaseous product moles gaseous reactant = 2 2 = 0
= (RT = 4.10 ( 0.08206 298 K = 4.10 K
p
K
c
)
n
10
31
Latm
molK
)
0
10
31
n
= K
p
K
c
(g) (g) + (g) SO
2
Cl
2
SO
2
Cl
2
[ ] SO
2
Cl
2
M [ ] = Cl
2
M
( ) K
c
=
2.1!10
"2
K
c
K
c
K
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
For the following reaction, = 255 at 1000 .

A reaction mixture initially contains a concentration of 0.1450 and a concentration of 0.176 at 1000 .
Part A
What is the equilibrium concentration of at 1000 ?
Express your answer in molarity to three significant figures.
ANSWER:
Correct
Finding the equilibrium concentration of required the construction of an ICE table to determine the change in
each compound at equilibrium.
Initial 0.1450 0.176 0
Change
Equilibrium
These changes were then plugged into the equilibrium constant equation, and a quadratic formula was used to
solve for :
From the quadratic equation, the change in concentration is or .
To determine the equilibrium concentration of , the change in concentration was subtracted from the initial
concentration. We use as the change in because is greater than the initial
concentration of and will give a negative concentration if used.
K
c
K
CO (g) + C (g) COC (g) l
2
l
2
CO M Cl
2
M K
CO K
=
1.21!10
"2
[CO] M
Cl
2
[CO] [C ] l
2
[COC ] l
2
x x x
0.1450 x 0.176 x
x
x
= K
c
[COC ] l
2
[CO][C ] l
2
= = 255 K
c
[x]
[0.1450x][0.176x]
255( )( ) (255x( + )) 1 + 255 = 0 c
1
c
2
c
1
c
2
x
2
=
b 4ac b
2
2a
82.9M 4(255)(6.51 ) 82.9M
2
M
2
2(255)
x = 0.1329M x = 0.192M
CO
x = 0.1329M x 0.192M
CO
0.1450 M 0.1329M = 1.21 M 10
2
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
Part B
ANSWER:
Correct
Finding the equilibrium concentration of required the construction of an ICE table to determine the change in
each compound at equilibrium.
Initial 0.1450 0.176 0
Change
Equilibrium
solve for .
To determine the equilibrium concentration of , the change in concentration was subtracted from the initial
concentration. We use as the change in because is greater than the initial
concentration of and will give a negative concentration if used.
Part C
Cl
2
K
=
4.31!10
"2
[C ] l
2
M
Cl
2
[CO] [C ] l
2
[COC ] l
2
x x x
0.1450 x 0.176 x
x
x
= K
c
[COC ] l
2
[CO][C ] l
2
= = 255 K
c
[x]
[0.1450x][0.176x]
255( )( ) 255x( + 1) + 255 = 0 c
1
c
2
c
1
c
2
x
2
=
b 4ac b
2
2a
82.9M 4(255)(6.51 ) 82.9M
2
M
2
2(255)
x = 0.1329M x = 0.192M
Cl
2
x = 0.1329M x 0.192M
Cl
2
0.176 M 0.1329M = 4.31 M 10
2
COCl
2
K
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
ANSWER:
Correct
Finding the equilibrium concentration of required the construction of an ICE table to determine the change
in each compound at equilibrium.
Initial 0.1450 0.176 0
Change
Equilibrium
solve for .
The initial concentration of was zero and at equilibrium, it is . We use as
the change in because is greater than the initial concentration of the reactants and would lead to a
negative concentration.
Exercise 14.56
Consider the reaction:

at 500
A reaction mixture initially contains 0.145 and 0.145 .
Part A
What will be the equilibrium concentration of ?
= 0.133 [COC ] l
2
M
COCl
2
[CO] [C ] l
2
[COC ] l
2
x x x
0.1450 x 0.176 x
x
x
= K
c
[COC ] l
2
[CO][C ] l
2
= = 255 K
c
[x]
[0.1450x][0.176x]
255( )( ) 255x( + 1) + 255 = 0 c
1
c
2
c
1
c
2
x
2
=
b 4ac b
2
2a
82.9M 4(255)(6.51 ) 82.9M
2
M
2
2(255)
x = 0.1329M x = 0.192M
COCl
2
x = 0.1329M x = 0.1329M
x 0.192M
CO(g) + O(g) (g) + (g) H
2
CO
2
H
2
= 102 K
c
K
MCO M O H
2
[CO]
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
ANSWER:
Correct
Part C
ANSWER:
Correct
Part D
ANSWER:
Correct
Exercise 14.60

at 2000
=
1.31!10
"2
[CO] M
[ O] H
2
=
1.31!10
"2
[ O] H
2
M
[ ] CO
2
= 0.132 [ ] CO
2
M
[ ] H
2
= 0.132 [ ] H
2
M
CO(g) + O(g) (g) + (g) H
2
CO
2
H
2
= 0.0611 K
p
K
CO torr O H
2
torr K
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
A reaction mixture initially contains a partial pressure of 1322 and a partial pressure of 1764 at 2000 .
Part A
Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of .
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of .
ANSWER:
Correct
Exercise 14.72
Coal can be used to generate hydrogen gas (a potential fuel) by the following endothermic reaction.

If this reaction mixture is at equilibrium, predict whether each of the following will result in the formation of additional hydrogen
gas, the formation of less hydrogen gas, or have no effect on the quantity of hydrogen gas.
Part A
adding more to the reaction mixture
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
= 0.0611
p
CO torr O H
2
torr K
CO
2
302 torr
H
2
302 torr
C(s) + O(g) CO(g) + (g) H
2
H
2
C
the formation of additional hydrogen gas
the formation of less hydrogen gas
no effect on the quantity of hydrogen gas
O H
2
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
adding more to the reaction mixture
ANSWER:
Correct
Part C
raising the temperature of the reaction mixture
ANSWER:
Correct
Part D
increasing the volume of the reaction mixture
ANSWER:
Correct
Part E
adding a catalyst to the reaction mixture
ANSWER:
O H
2
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
Correct
Part F
adding an inert gas to the reaction mixture
ANSWER:
Correct
Exercise 14.86
A reaction vessel at 27 contains a mixture of 3.10 ) and 1.20 ). When a catalyst is added
the reaction takes place. At equilibrium the total pressure is 4.05 .
Part A
Find the value of .
ANSWER:
Correct
Exercise 14.88
The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 3.0.
C
(P = SO
2
atm (P = O
2
atm
2 (g) + (g) 2 (g) SO
2
O
2
SO
3
atm
K
c
= 0.96 K
c
(g) + (g) (g) + NO(g) SO
2
NO
2
SO
3
3/7/14, 3:48 PM Due Mar 7
Part A
Find the amount of that must be added to 2.2 of in order to form 1.2 of at equilibrium.
ANSWER:
Correct
Exercise 14.94

at 950
A 2.75 reaction vessel at initially contains 0.100 of and 0.100 of .
Part A
Calculate the total pressure (in atmospheres) in the reaction vessel when equilibrium is reached.
ANSWER:
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 99.2%.
You received 9.92 out of a possible total of 10 points.
NO
2
mol SO
2
mol SO
3
1.7 mol
2 (g) + (g) 2 (g) SO
2
O
2
SO
3
= 0.355 K
p
K
L 950 K mol SO
2
mol O
2
= 5.01 P atm

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