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Body Coordination

Body coordination:
The working together of the different parts of the body in order to carry out an activity or
function efficiently
Carried out by the nervous system and the endocrine system.
Nervous system:
Consists of ;
o The brain and the spinal cord
o Peripheral nerves
Peripheral nerves
o Somatic nervous system (controls voluntary actions)
o Autonomic nervous system (controls involuntary systems)
Reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord
Neurones:


Sensory neurones Motor neurones Relay neurones



Where it is
located
Receptors or sensory organs Effectors In the central nervous
system
Location of
cell body
Situated in one side Situated on one end At the centre
Axon Axon is short Axon is long Axon is short
Myelin
sheath
Present on the Dendron Present on the Dendron Absent
Pathway of
impulse
Towards the central nervous
system
Away from the central
nervous system
From the sensory
neurone to the motor
neurone
Function Receives and transmits
impulses from sensory organs
which are stimulated by
internal and external stimuli
Transmit impulses from
the central nervous
system to effectors to
bring about a response
Receives impulses from
sensory neurones and
transmits them to motor
neurones
Body Coordination

Nervous coordination of the body is carried out by the nervous system
The pathway for a reflex arc is as follows:
Receptor sensory neurones (synapse) relay neurone (synapse) motor neurone
effector
The knee jerk does not involve the relay neurone
Proprioceptors
Stretch receptors in the muscles, tendons, and ligaments
They make us aware of the movement of our limbs without having to watch them
They also enable us to estimate the weights of objects placed on our palms
The human brain
The human brain consists of the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata.
The cerebrum is responsible for memory, thinking ad voluntary actions
The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining body balance
The medulla oblongata is responsible for involuntary actions (heartbeats, respiration)







Body Coordination

Hormonal coordination
Carried out by the endocrine system using hormones
Hormones are secreted by ductless glands into the blood streams
Hormones are needed in small amounts, but have strong effects on their target streams
The working body is affected by the excess or insufficient amount of hormones






Body Coordination

Drugs
Chemical substances which when taken into the body affects the mind as well as the body
functions
Drug abuse is using drugs for non-medical and unhealthy reasons
Some drugs are very dangerous because they are addictive, have violent withdrawal
symptoms and produce hallucinations
Four main group of drugs and its effect

Groups Examples Effects
Depressants Barbiturates
Heroin
Morphine
Makes the nervous system less sensitive
Slow down the reaction of a person
Make a person very calm
Stimulants Nicotine
Marijuana
Increase the bodys activities
Pain killers Heroin
Morphine
Reduce pain and anxiety

Mood
changers
L.S.D (lysergic acid
diethylamide)
Ganja
Cause hallucination
Can cause madness

Alcohol
The consumption of alcohol is bad because it affects our body coordination and health
Alcohol affects our nervous system, slows down our reaction and causes drunkenness
It also damages our organs such as the stomach (gastroenteritis and ulcers), liver (cirrhosis)
and heart

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