ECE 136

Prof. Decker
9/27/12



Laboratory 2
AC Power Measurement and the Transformer
Brian Levy, Konrad Nied













Overview and Preparations

Useful equations:




IF= minimum current = Voc/Rm






Experimental and Data

Miscellaneous values:

Add physical dimensions if we have them

Experimental procedure:
1. Take cold measurements to include Inductions, mutual inductance, Laiding and Lopposing,
Primary/Secondary voltage and currents with loads placed on primary and secondarys.
2. Calculate complex impedances and power values from other cold measurements.
3. Measure values without transformer in line directly on a resistive load.
4. Develop equations for Peak flux density, leakage flux and core losses.
5. Evaluate equivalent transformer circuit and identify components.
6. Characterize Transformer from above data and experimental observations.




Measurements:
1. Induction measurements
L
1
= 430 mH
L
2
= 137 mH
M = 210 mH
2. R
1
, R
2


3. L
aiding
, L
opposing

4. V
P
vs. V
S

See Excel
5. I
P
vs. I
S


See Excel
6. V,I,P, separately and connected to transformer
See Excel
7. Z
in
with load on secondary
See Excel
8. Z
out
with load on primary
See Excel
9. P
in
vs. P
load


See Excel




Open Circuit Test:
Setup shown in Drawing 2
Day 1
V
P
=230 V
V
S
=114 V
I
S
= 1.22 A
Day 2
P = 4.25 W
V = 110 V
I = 1.15 A
Short Circuit Test:
Setup shown in Drawing 3
Day 1
V
P
=11.6 V
I
P
=1.46 A
I
S
= 2.9 A
Day 2
P = 9.0 W
V = 11.1 V
I = 1.41 A



Analysis and Results
Cold Measurements and Preparation:
1.
L
P
= 430 mH
L
S
= 137 mH
M = 210 mH
The setup and polarity of the transformer are marked in Drawing 1.
2.

3.
Low voltage side is on the secondary.

4.
For a leading power factor of 0.8 with a series RC load:

()

()

( )( )

5. Estimated peak flux density in steel core
Peak Flux = Force / Reluctance = mmf / Reluctance(Rt)
F= NI
Rc= Lc(o x r x Ac)
Rg = Rg =2x Lg/ /( o x r x Ag- adjusted)
Rt = Rc + Rg


6. Find losses value, look at sheet




Calculations and Plots:
1.
For series RC:

For parallel RC:

See Excel
2. Phasor Diagrams of V
R
, V
C
relative to V
applied

For series RC: V
R
and V
C
are perpendicular
For parallel RC: V
R
and V
C
are the same
3.
From open circuit test:

From short circuit test:

4. Inductances from reluctance theory

5. Transformer Equivalent Circuit
Can be determined from OC/SC tests
See Drawing
6. Leakage flux

7. Core losses





Transformer Characterization
A. Turns Ratio
N1= 1.0
V1/V2=N1/N2
230/114=1/x
X= .4957 turns ratio

B. Winding Polarities

C. Current Transformation
Need to draw
D. Power Transformation

E. Impedance Transformation
On excel document?
F. Transformer Equivalent Circuit






Discussion and Conclusion: