FLUID DYNAMICS

Sheet 4

1. Find the complex potential for the irrotational 2-D steady flow caused by two line
sources of strength m at 1 = z . Hence show that the speed U of the flow at
location

=
i
re z is given by
1 2 cos 2
4
2 4
2 2
2
+
=
r r
r m
U .
Given that the pressure at infinity is

P and the density is , show that the

pressure distribution on the y-axis is given by
2 2
2 2
) 1 (
2
+

=

y
y m
P p .
Find the location of any stagnation points of the flow, and show that the
streamlines satisfy ) 1 (
2 2
= y x c xy .

2. A line doublet whose axis lies along Ox is placed at the point ) 0 , (a in front of the
infinite plane x = 0. Prove that the equations of the streamlines are
0 4 ) (
2 2 2 2 2 2
= + + kxy y x a y x , where k is any constant.

3. Give a hydrodynamical interpretation to the flow with complex potential
1
1
log ) 1 ( ) (
+

=
z
z
i z w .
Find the circulation of the velocity vector along the circle of unit radius and
centered at 1 = z . [ = 2 ]

4. Two line vortices of strength k and k are located at a z = and
a z = respectively. Show that when a stream with velocity j

) 4 /( a k is added,
the vortices are stationary and a steady flow results.

Show that the stream function is given by

+
+ +
+

=
a
x
y a x
y a x k
2 2
2 2
) (
) (
log
4
.
Deduce that 0 = x is a streamline.

5. A vortex of strength 2 is located at ) , 0 ( a , and a second vortex of strength is
located at ) , 0 ( b . Write down the complex potential of this flow, and calculate the
fluid velocity at the point ) 0 , (b .
A solid wall is now placed at 0 = y . Determine the complex potential of the
new flow, and find the fluid velocity at ) 0 , (b .
Calculate the speed at which each of the given vortices moves.

6. Inviscid incompressible fluid occupying the half-space 0 > y , bounded by a rigid
wall at 0 = y , is subject to a 2-D stagnation point flow, with velocity given by
) , ( y x = u .
(i) Find the complex potential representing this flow. Find and sketch the
streamlines, and verify that 0 = y is a streamline.
(ii) If a vortex of strength is inserted into the flow at a point
0
z z = (with Im
0
0
> z ), show that the resulting complex potential is
) log(
2
) log(
2
) (
0 0
2
2
1
z z
i
z z
i
z z w

= .
(iii) If the vortex is free to move, find its equation of motion, and show that it
follows a path on which
=

+ y xy log
4
constant.

7. A vortex of strength k is situated at the point a z 2 = . If a circular cylinder a z =
is introduced into the flow, find the complex potential of the resulting flow, and
describe the image system.
Calculate theresultant thrust on the cylinder. [ ) 12 /(
2
a k ]

8. An irrotational, two-dimensional flow has stream function y x x ) (
0
= , where
and
0
x are constants. Show that the complex potential is given by
2
0 2
1
) ( ) ( x z z f = .
A circular cylinder of radius a is now introduced into the flow, its centre being at the
origin. Find the force exerted on the cylinder by the new flow.
[ 0 , 2
2
0
2
a x ]

9. Find the complex potential for the flow with velocity asymptotic to ) 0 , (U as
z past a right circular cylinder of radius a with clockwise circulation .
Determine the net force on the cylinder, and explain the importance of this result for the
lift of an airfoil. Show that this force has no moment about the origin.
( ) ] , 0 [ ; log
2
/
2

+ + = U z
i
z a z U w


22.10.13