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Made by:Stefan Sandu-Gabriel & Vilcu Cosmin

J uice is a liquid that is naturally contained in fruit and vegetables. It


can also refer to liquids that are flavored with these or other biological food
sources such as meat and seafood. It is commonly consumed as a
beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods.
Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fruit or
vegetable flesh without the application of heat or solvents. For
example, orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree,
and tomato juice is the liquid that results from pressing the fruit of
the tomato plant. Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruit and
vegetables using a variety of hand or electric juicers. Juice is one of the
most popular drinks to go with breakfast in the morning.
Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp, but high-pulp
fresh orange juice is a popular beverage.
Common methods for preservation and processing of fruit juices
include:canning, pasteurization,concentrating, freezing, evaporation and
spray drying.
A glass of orange juice

Terminology
In the United Kingdom the name or names of the fruit followed
by juice can only legally be used to describe a product which is 100% fruit
juice, as required by the Fruit Juices and Fruit Nectars.However, a juice
made by reconstituting concentrate can be called juice. A product
described as fruit "nectar" must contain at least 25% to 50% juice,
depending on the fruit.The term "juice drink" is not defined in the
Regulations and can be used to describe any drink which includes juice,
however little. Comparable rules apply in all EU member states in their
respective languages.
In the US fruit juice can only legally be used to describe a product
which is 100% fruit juice. A blend of fruit juice(s) with other ingredients,
such as high-fructose corn syrup, is called a juice cocktail or juice
drink. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the term
"nectar" is generally accepted in the US and in international trade for a
diluted juice to denote a beverage that contains fruit juice or puree, water,
and which may contain artificial sweeteners.
"No added sugar" is commonly printed on labels of juice containers,
but the products may contain large amounts of naturally occurring
sugars; however, sugar content is listed with other carbohydrates on labels
in many countries.
Some carbonated beverages, not described as fruit juice, contain fruit
juice (such as Mountain Dew or Orangina, which contain orange juice).

Health effects
Juices are often consumed for their perceived health benefits. For
example, orange juice is rich in vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, is an
excellent source of bioavailable antioxidant phytochemicals and
significantly improves blood lipid profiles in people affected with
hypercholesterolemia. Prune juice is associated with a digestive health
benefit. Cranberry juice has long been known to help prevent or even
treat bladder infections, and it is now known that a substance in cranberries
prevents bacteria from binding to the bladder.
Many fruit juices have a higher sugar (fructose) content than
sweetened soft drinks; e.g., typical grape juice has 50% more sugar
than Coca Cola. While soft drinks (e.g. Coca Cola) cause oxidative
stress when ingested and may even lead to insulin resistance in the long
term, the same thing cannot be attributed to fruit juices. On the contrary,
fruit juices are actually known for their ability to raise serum antioxidant
capacity and even offset the oxidative stress and inflammation normally
caused by high-fat and high-sugar meals.
Fruit juice consumption overall in Europe, Australia, New
Zealand and the US has increased in recent years, probably due to public
perception of juices as a healthy natural source of nutrients and increased
public interest in health issues. Indeed, fruit juice intake has been
consistently associated with reduced risk of many cancer types, might be
protective against stroke

and delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
The perception of commercial fruit juice as equal in health benefit to
fresh fruit has been questioned, mainly because it lacks fiber and has often
been highly processed. High-fructose corn syrup, an ingredient of many
juice cocktails, has been linked to the increased incidence of type II
diabetes. High consumption of juice is also linked to weight gain in some
studies, but not in others. In a controlled clinical study, regular consumption
of grape juice for 12 weeks did not cause any weight gain in volunteers, but
consumption of a soft drink did. Fruit juice in moderate amounts can help
children and adults meet daily recommendations for fruit consumption,
nutrient intake and calories.
The American Academy of Pediatrics says that fruit juice should not
be given to infants before 6 months of age. For children ages 1 to 6, intake
of fruit juice should be limited to 4 to 6 ounces per day (about a half to
three-quarters of a cup). Giving children excessive juice can lead to poor
nutrition, diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, bloating, and tooth decay.




Orange juice
Citrus fruits, like oranges, have been cultivated for the last 4,000
years in southern China and Southeast Asia. One variety, the citron, was
carried to the Middle East some-time between 400 and 600 B.C. Arab
traders transported oranges to eastern Africa and the Middle East
sometime between 100 and 700 A.D. and during the Arab occupation of
Spain, citrus fruits first arrived in southern Europe. From there, they were
carried to the New World by explorers where they spread to Florida and
Brazil by the sixteenth century. By the 1800s, citrus fruits achieved
worldwide distribution. In the 1890s, the demand for them greatly increased
because physicians discovered that drinking the juice of oranges or other
citrus fruits could prevent scurvy, a vitamin deficiency disease.
The popularity of orange juice dramatically increased again with the
development of the commercial orange juice industry in the late 1920s.In
1944, scientists found a way to concentrate fruit juice in a vacuum and
freeze it without destroying the flavor or vitamin content. Frozen
concentrated juices were first sold in the United States during 1945-46, and
they became widely available and popular. After World War II, most
Americans stopped squeezing their own juice and concentrated juice
became the predominant form. With the increase in home refrigerators,
frozen concentrate became even more popular. The demand for frozen
juices had a profound impact on the citrus industry and spurred the growth
of the Florida citrus groves. Frozen concentrates remained the most
popular form until 1985 when reconstituted and NFC juices first out-sold the
frozen type.The current worldwide market for orange juice is more than
$2.3 billion with the biggest area being the United States followed by
Canada, Western Europe, and Japan.



























Specific operations to obtain juice with pulp
RAW AUXILIARY MATERIALS

PACKAGING
Conditioning (Wash, sort,
remove inedible parts)
Preheating
Getting the juice with pulp
or cream
Aseptic conservation
Aseptic conservation

Blending
Dosage
dosage
Centrifugation
Homogenization
Degassing
Heat treatment
Hot casting Bottling

Sterilization
Packaging containers
Storage
Juice with pulp
Processed vs. Natural Juices
This is a quick look at the differences between processed (canned or
bottled) juices and fresh, natural juices that is made with your juice
machine.
Processed Juices
Bottle juice is pasteurized and the nutrients are depleted.
Juices made from imported produce may carry traces of banned
pesticides.
Juices from fruit concentrates do not contain the whole fruits and they
may be nothing more than sugar water -- possibly made with
chemicals in water from industrial sites.
Acids from juices can leech metal from cans, causing canned juice to
spoil.
Wax and other chemicals found in juice containers can taint the juice.
Shrink-wrapped juice cartons come under high heat that depletes
enzymes in juice.

Natural Juices made at home
Natural juices contain all the vitamins, minerals, fluids, enzymes, amino
acids and chlorophyll (with no toxic additives) found in raw vegetables -
thereby helping the body by:
Promoting growth and development
Assisting with digestion
Providing energy
Protecting against oxidation
Renewing cells
Enriching Blood
Benefits of juice
People with difficulty chewing can intake raw vegetables in juice form.
People to busy to eat a meal with vegetables can obtain the
nourishment of a salad by drinking fresh juice.
Juice is easy on the stomach.
Drinking juice enables one to have more of a vegetable's nutrients
than one would have by eating.
Juice is a good alternative for people who lack appetites.
Juice is a great nutrient source for babies and children who otherwise
may not want vegetables.
Juice can help prevent acne in teenagers
We always recommend juicing organic fruits and vegetables whenever
possible.






BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juice
2. http://www.discountjuicers.com/naturaljuices.html
3. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Orange-Juice.html#b

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