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Enterprise Architecture (EA) and

the Health Metrics Network (HMN) Framework:
A Federated Approach for Interoperability
Mike Perry, MSICS, FEAC CEA
J ohn Fitzpatrick, FEAC CEA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia
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The HMN Framework and EA
Where EA Fits in the HMN Framework
What is the HMN Framework?
Operational Plan = Enterprise Architecture
Advantages of Integrating EA into HMN
Advantages of a Federated Approach
How Would It Work?
A Common Target Architecture for Global Public Health Systems
The Business Case
The Grid
Public HealthGrids
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What is the HMN Framework?
The Health Metrics Network (HMN), an initiative hosted by the World
Health Organization (WHO), was launched in 2005 to help countries
and other partners improve global health by strengthening the systems
that generate health-related information for evidence-based decision-
making.
The HMN Framework will serve two broad purposes:
At the country level, it will focus investment and technical assistance on
standardizing health information system development
At the country and global levels, it will permit access to, and better use of,
improved health information
Framework and Standards for Country Health Information Systems / Health Metrics Network, World Health Organization, 2
nd
Edition, J une 2008
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Enterprise
Architecture
Framework and Standards for Country Health Information Systems / Health Metrics Network, World Health Organization, 2
nd
Edition, J une 2008
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Enterprise Architecture
Operational Plan Implementation Plan Action Plan
A rose by any other name . . . is still a rose
An Operational Plan (or Implementation Plan or Action Plan) is a subset of a
strategic plan, it addresses 4 questions:
Where are we now?
Where do we want to be?
How do we get there?
How do we measure our progress?
Definition of Operational Planningfrom Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_planning
This sounds very familiar to Enterprise Architects
Enterprise Architecture is the process of translating business vision and
strategy into effective enterprise change by creating, communicating and
improving the key principles and models that describe the enterprise's future
state and enable its evolution
Gartner Defines the Term Enterprise Architecture, Anne Lapkin, Gartner, Inc., 12 J uly 2006
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Advantages of using EA
Application of EA to the HMN Framework was first proposed in the
white paper The Case for a National Health Information System
Architecture; a Missing Link to Guiding National Development and
Implementation by Sally Stansfield, MD, et. al., J une 20, 2008
EA has Established Standard Frameworks
The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)
Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF)
Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF)
EA has Established Standard Methodologies
Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FSAM)
EA has a Large and Growing Body of Knowledge
Professional Certification Programs Exist for Enterprise Architects
There is No Need to Reinvent the Wheel!
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Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF)
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Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FSAM)
Top Level Process
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Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FSAM)
Process Steps, Activities, and Tasks
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Federal Segment Architecture Methodology (FSAM)
Process Steps, Outputs, and Relationships
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The Advantages of a Federated Approach
The U.S. Federal Government has pioneered the federated approach
to EA because of its large hierarchical organization
The Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) has Common Reference
Models for the different layers of the architecture
The Federal Government is moving toward a Common Target
Architecture
The Global Public Health Community will just add another layer to the
national federated model
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How Would It Work?
Establish a Common Strategic Vision and Plan for the Global Health
Domain
Establish a Common Global Health Architecture Framework
Establish Common Reference Models for the Global Health Domain
Create a Common Target Architecture for the Global Health Domain
Establish Basic Data Standards for Interoperability
These Constructs Can Be utilized as starting points when each country
reaches Phase 2 of the HMN Framework Roadmap
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A Target Architecture
for Global Public Health Systems
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I. Business Case:
Public Health Functional Requirements
Global
Rapid spread of infectious diseases around the globe
Science is an intrinsically Global Activity(http://pragma.sdsc.edu/proposal.html)
as is Public Health
Secure
Protecting patient privacy
National legal and policy compliance
Scalable
Sharp spikes in data volume
Computer intensive analysis and visualization
Timely
Real time or near real time detection and response (quarantine)
Agile
Dynamically configurable data access, and collaborative analysis
Automated case detection and alerting
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I. Business Case:
Architectural Characteristics
Distributed
Across disciplines, organizations, and national boundaries
Including dynamically assembled virtual communities
Standards based
Ubiquitous technical standards
Syntactic and Semantic data interoperability
- Controlled Data Vocabularies
- Ontologies
- CDA standard Natural Language Processers for textual Clinical observations
Federated
Centrally managed (standards, services)
Locally controlled (data access)
Service Oriented
Services instead of monolithic information silos
Supporting rapid assembly of data access, collaboration, analysis and reporting services
Event Driven
Automated alerts triggered by rules engines
Distributed, remotely programmable Case Detection HL7 listeners
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Grid Defined
A form of Distributed Computing
Virtual Computer - Scott McNealys The Network is the Computer.
Virtual Organization dynamic community of individuals or institutions using shared resources
under agreed upon rules and conditions
Grid as Super Internet
"Grid is a new Information Technology (IT) concept of "super Internet" for high-performance computing:
worldwide collections of high-end resources such as supercomputers, storage, advanced instruments
and immersive environmentsgeographically and organizationally dispersedcommunication systems,
real-time data sources andhuman collaborators."
(http://www.aei.mpg.de/~manuela/GridWeb/info/grid.html, Foster and Kesselman).
turning the Internet itself into a computing platformessentially one, large virtual computer built on
open protocols with everything shared applications, data, processing power, storage, etc. (Dr. Irving
Wladawsky-Berger, IBM Server Group Vice President of Technology and Strategy,
http://pragma.sdsc.edu/proposal.html
Public HealthGrid
Grid infrastructures and services applied to health and biomedical informatics, enabling more
timely and effective public health practice and emergency response
II. The Grid
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II. The Grid: Contrasting Grid with
Semantic Web, and Cloud Computing
Semantic Web
Shift from a Web of documentsto a Web of data(Tim Berners Lee)
Navigating data on the Web based on semantics (meaning and relationships) defined using
W3C formal specifications (RDF, OWL, etc.)
Enables automated navigation of data across the Web
Cloud Computing
Configurable virtual IT infrastructure (servers & storage) as a service
Hosting applications on a rented, external network and IT infrastructure
Grid Computing
Internet as virtual computer
Use of distributed, loosely coupled, heterogenous computer resources as services
Technologically: A high performance distributed computing infrastructure that: 1) coordinates
resources not subject to centralized control; 2) using standard, open, general-purpose
protocols and interfaces; 3) to deliver nontrivial qualities of service in a coordinated fashion.
paraphrased from Ian Foster, What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist
Organizationally: coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-
institutional virtual organizations. Ian Foster, Steve Tuecke, The Anatomy of the Grid
Standards leadership by Open Grid Forum: Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA)
Functional types: Computational, Data, Knowledge (using ontologies, etc.)
Emerging HealthGrids: Grid infrastructures applied to health and biomedical informatics
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II. The Grid
Evolution of the Internet
Internet - DARPA network infrastructure
World Wide Web standards based, platform independent document distribution
Web Services standards-based computer-to-computer interactions across a network;
heterogeneous technical platforms; universal standards (WSDL, SOAP, XML, etc.)
Web 2.0 the Web as platform(Batelle & OReilly); mashups, social-networking, wikis, blogs...
Grid Services Internet-based distributed computing using Grid technologies; computer resource
intensive Web Services
Grid technologies
Open Source-based middleware platforms and services that enable secure ecosystems of powerful
Grid Services (computation, data storage, etc.)
Origins in the particle physics research community (as was the World Wide Web)
Globus toolkit is emerging as a predominant technical platform; http://www.globus.org/toolkit/
Others include gLite (provides a framework for building Grid applications), and UNICORE (to
access supercomputers and computer clusters)
Grid technology standards and Web Services standards are now converging.
Differs from cluster computing, because loosely coupled, heterogeneous, geographically
dispersed; and based on general purpose grid software libraries and middleware
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II. The Grid: Grid Initiatives
The EU HealthGrid Association
Application of Grid technologies to life sciences and health, from molecular to population level data
http://initiative.healthgrid.org/; 7
th
International HealthGrid conference, http://www.ehtel.org/events/healthgrid-
2009
HealthGrid.US Alliance
Promoting Grid architectures and Knowledge Engineering in biomedical science and healthcare
http://usa.healthgrid.org/
DEISA
Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications
Consortium of leading supercomputing centers for pan-European computational science research
http://www.deisa.eu/
EGEE
Enabling Grids for E-SciencE
Infrastructure for over 10,00 researchers world-wide (high-energy physics, earth sciences, life sciences)
http://www.eu-egee.org/
CDC Public Health Grid (PHGrid) R&D
CDC National Center of Public Health Informatics; research and simplify Grid technologies in Public Health
Over 200 partnerships (e.g. Harvard, Columbia, J ohns-Hopkins, U. of Utah, U. of Ohio, U of Washington)
http://phgrid.blogspot.com/
WHO/CDC Collaborating Center (Proposed)
Fostering a global partnership focusing on Public Health Informatics
Collaborative development of a Global OpenHealth Grid
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II. The Grid: Grid Initiatives
WISDOM
Initiative for grid-enabled drug discovery against neglected and emergent diseases
Virtual screening, in silico docking particularly with malaria and Avian flu; since 2005
Core group members in Germany, Italy, France, Korea,
http://wisdom.healthgrid.org/
PRAGMA
Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly
An infrastructure for Runtime Management of Grid Applications
http://pragma.sdsc.edu/proposal.html; http://avianflugrid.pragma-grid.net/
European Datagrid
High-energy physics, biology, medical imaging, and earth observations
http://www.eu-datagrid.org/
DOE Science Grid
Grid-based infrastructure for the next generation of science
http://doesciencegrid.org/
NASA Information Power Grid
A high performance Grid infrastructure for use primarily by NASA scientists and engineers
http://www.gloriad.org/gloriad/projects/project000053.html
National Science Foundation TeraGrid
A Grid-based advanced computational infrastructure for science projects
http://www.teragrid.org/
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III. Public HealthGrids:
Architecting Distributed Systems
PHIN
The Public Health portion of NHIN
Goals: advancing interoperability of Public Health systems and services, exchange of
public health data, and more effective and timely collaborative analysis and public health
emergency response
NHIN
National Health Information Network - a health information infrastructure that connects
healthcare providers and health agencies
NHIN Connect Gateway - an Open-source platform enabling federal agencies to securely
link their existing systems to the NHIN using Web Services
PHGrid
CDC Grid technology-based initiative (www.phgrid.net)
Collaborating with numerous partners to develop Grid services for Public Health
(http://sites.google.com/site/phgrid/Home/service-registry)
Collaborating with ONC to provide shared Grid services via NHIN
Global OpenHealth Grid
A proposed WHO network of interoperable health applications and services, based on Web
Services and Grid technology standards
To enable rapid global data exchange, analysis, collaboration, and reporting across clinical,
research, and public health partners
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III. Public HealthGrids:
A Global OpenHealth Grid
Countries
Public Health
Ministries
Providers
Consumers
Organizations
Others
Clinics
Hospitals
Others
Consumer
Orgs
Individuals
Others
Who
CDC
China
United
States
Others
Regional
Local
Others
Search
Services
Analytical
Services
Alerting
Services
Security
Services
Vocabulary
Services
SARS
Data
Influenza
Data
TB
Data
Malaria
Data
AIDS
Data
OpenMRS
Services
EPI Info
Services
DHIS
Services
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Surveillance
Data
Service
III. Public HealthGrids:
A Public Health Grid Services Ecosystem
Surveillance
Data
Service
Analysis
Service
Vocabulary
Common Data
Repository
Visualization
GIS
Services
Analysis
Service
Public Health
Event Detection
Services
Publish/Subscribe
Surveillance
Data
Service
Composite
Application
Workflow
RHIO/HIE
State/Local Health Dept.
Hospital
Clinic
Lab
CDC
Services
Repository
Hospital
Lab
Architecture
Group
Standards
Group
Interoperability
Reviews
Strategic
Plans
Principles
Strategy
Group
Governance
Surveillance
Data
Archive
Service
Common
Security
Services
Service
Construction
SDK
Public Health Partner
Alerting
Communication
Services
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Service Library
III. Public HealthGrids:
Dynamic Service Orchestration
Age Adjusted Rate
Time Series Graph
GIS Map by Country
Data Services
Federated Query
Analytical Services
Reporting Services
Mortality Case Data
Mortality Count
Year to Date
By Country
Lab Data
Morbidity Case Data
Census Data
Basic Statistics
Analysis of Variance
Linear Regression
Age Adjusted Rate
Time Series Graph
GIS Map by Country
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QUESTIONS?
Contact
Mike Perry MPerry@cdc.gov
J ohn Fitzpatrick J Fitzpatrick@cdc.gov