Complete MBA 3 Years Syllabus (Including Electives)

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Karachi University Business School University of Karachi 1
MBA I
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONI

BA (M) 501

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Effective Communication in Business: Importance & Benefits, Components, Non Verbal
Communication, Writing Session and Assignment

2. Principle of Effective Communication, 7Cs of Communication, Group Discussion on
Assignment

3. Business Communication in Global Context

4. Business Communication in Technological Context, Writing Session & Assignment

5. The Process of Preparing Effective Business Messages, Planning, Organization,
Composing the Messages

6. The Appearance and Design of Business Messages

7. GoodNews and Neutral Messages: Favorable Replies, Answering Inquiries, Granting
Request, Acknowledging Orders, Announcement

8. Bad News Messages, The Right Attitude, Plans for Bad News Messages, Negative Replies

9. Persuasive Written Messages: Organization, Persuasive Requests and Sales Letters

10. Short Report: Suggestion, Informational and Analytical Memorandum Report, Letter
Reports, Writing Session Assignment

11. Long (Formal) Report: Prefatory and Supplemental Sections, Presentation

12. Proposal: Purpose, Kind, Parts of Proposals

Importance and Benefits of Communication in Business, Components of Communication
(Context, Message, Medium, Feedback, Sender, Encoder, ReceiverDecoder). Seven Cs of
effective Communication, Business Communication and the Global Context, Business
Communication and Technology Context, Process of Preparing Effective Business Messages,
Letters, Memorandums, Report Writing.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Asrar H. Siddiqui, Business Communication, Royal, Karachi, 1998.
2. J ohn V. Thill and Courtland L. Bovee, Business Communication, 5
th
Edition,
McGrawHill, 1997.
3. David Nickson and Suzy Siddons, Business Communication, Pitman Publisher, 1996.
4. Raymong V. Lesikar, Basic Business Communication, 3
rd
Edition, Richard D. Irwin,
1982.
5. Hetra A. Murphy, Herbert W. Hildebrandt and J ames Thomas, Effective Business
Communication, McGrawHill, International Edition.

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MBA I
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
BUSINESS ECONOMICS

BA (M) 511

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Fundamental Concepts
1.1. Three Economic Issues
1.2. The Production Possibility Frontier
1.3. Concept of Opportunity Cost
1.4. The Problem of Scarcity
1.5. Positive and Normative Economics
1.6. Micro and Macro Economics
1.7. Comparative Statics and Dynamics
1.8. The Role of the Market

2. Economics and Economy
2.1. The Nature and Scope of Economics
2.2. Importance of the Study of Economics
2.3. Different Economic Systems, Merits and Demerits
2.4. Capitalist Economic System
2.5. Socialist Economic System
2.6. Mixed Economic System

3. Demand and Supply
3.1. Individual Demand and Market Demand
3.2. Change in Demand and Change in Quantity Demand
3.3. Individual Supply and Market Supply
3.4. Change to Supply and Change in Quantity Supplied
3.5. Elasticity of Demand and Supply
3.6. Measurement of Elasticity
3.7. Types of Elasticity and the Importance of Elasticity to the Individual
3.8. Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and Price Determination

4. Theory of Consumer Behaviour
4.1. Total and Marginal Utility
4.2. Consumer Equilibrium
4.3. Indifference Curve Analysis, Its Characteristics
4.4. Budget Constraint Line
4.5. The ISO Cost
4.6. Producer Equilibrium
4.7. Expansion Path
4.8. Constant, Increasing and Decreasing Returns to Scale
4.9. Long Run Cost Curves

5. Theory of Firm and Market Organization
5.1. Theory of Price in Perfectly Competitive Markets
5.2. Theory of Price Under Monopoly
5.3. Comparison of Perfect Competition and Monopoly
5.4. Theory of Price Under Monopolistic Competition
5.5. Theory of Price in Oligopoly Market

6. Distribution of Income
6.1. Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution in Perfectly Competitively Market
6.2. Marginal Productivity Theory of Input Return
6.3. Different Kinds on Rent

Fundamental Concepts, Economics and Economy. Theory of Consumer Behavior, Demand &
Supply, Different types of Market condition, Theory of Production Factor Market, Pricing, and
Cost, Theory of Firm and Market Organization, Distribution of Income.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Paul A. Samuelson, William D. Nordhaus, Economics, 16
th
Edition, McGrawHill, 1998.
2. J ohn Solman & Mark Sutchiffe, Economics for Business, Prentice Hall, 1998.
3. Ronald Wonnacott, Paul Wonnacott, Economics, J ohn Willey, 1990.

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MBA I
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
FUNDAMENTAL OF ACCOUNTING

BA (M) 521

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Introduction to Accounting Profession and Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles
1.1. Definition and purpose of bookkeeping and accounting, the role of International
Accounting Standards Committee, the standard setting process in Pakistan, basic
principles of accounting, concepts and conventions underlying accounting
statements, the impact of international accounting standards on financial, the
accounting equation, users of accounting statement and their information
requirements, for role and place of an accountant in the management. (Preface
to the statements of IAS).

2. Accounting Procedures and Systems
2.1. Doubleentry bookkeeping and accounting, forms and contents of accounting
records (manual and computerized), books of original entry, journal, sales and
purchases journals; returns journals, cash receipt & payment journals, cash
book, general ledger, trial balance, classification of expenditure between capital
and revenue, accruals and deferrals, prepayments and adjustments; correction of
errors, preparation of worksheet.

3. Financial Statements
3.1. Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing concerns, income statement, balance
sheet.

4. Cash Control
4.1. Cash management, internal control, control of receipts and payments, petty cash
system, bank reconciliation statement and adjusting entries, voucher system,
voucher register, insurance register.

5. Receivables and Payables
5.1. Nature of receivables and payables, accounts receivable and notes receivable,
promissory notes, valuation of receivables, basis for estimating chares for bad
debts, bad debts adjustment based on sales, bad debts adjustment based on
receivables, notes and accounts payable, valuation of payable, accrued liabilities,
bills of exchange, accommodating bills.

6. Inventory Accounting
6.1. Nature and classes of inventories, inventory valuation, LIFO, FIFO & HIFO
methods, weighted average method, inventory valuation at cost or NRV
whichever is lower, gross profit method, retail inventory method, base stock
method, perpetual inventory & periodic inventory system.

Accounting: Information for Decision Making, Basic Financial Statement, The Accounting Cycle:
Capturing Economic Events, Preparing an Annual Report, Accounting for Merchandising
Activities, Forms of Business Organization, Financial Assets.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Robert F. Meigs, Meigs, Williams, Susan F. Haka, Mark S. Bettner, Accounting: The
Basis of Business Decision, 11
th
Edition, McGrawHill, Inc., 1999.
2. Larson, Kermit D., Pyle William W., Fundamental Accounting Principles, Richard D.
Irwin Latest Edition.

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MBA I
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

BA (M) 531

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Preliminaries
2. Linear Equations & Its Applications
3. Mathematical Functions in General, Types of Functions, Graphical representation of
Functions
4. Linear Functions & Its Application
5. Quadratic & Polynomial Functions, Application of Quadratic Functions
6. Logarithmic & Exponential Functions & Their Application
7. Matrix Algebra, Matrix Operations & Determinant
8. Integral Calculus: An Introduction
9. Differentiation, Rules of Differentiation, Limits & Properties of Limits, Higher Order
Derivatives

Some Preliminaries, Linear Equations, and its applications, Mathematical Functions in general
form and its graphical representation, Linear functions and its application. Quadratic Functions,
Polynomial Functions, Logarithmic and Exponential Functions with their applications, Matrix
Algebra and Determinants, and Integral Calculus (Differentiation).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Frank. S. Budnick, Applied Mathematics for Business Economics & The Social
Sciences, McGrawHill, 1993.
2. Taro Yamane, Mathematics for Economists, Prentice Hall, 1998.

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MBA II
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT

BA (M) 541

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Establishing a Business
2. Operating, Financial, Operational and Management Aspects
3. Human Resources and Personnel Management
4. Reducing Risk Through Insurance
5. Marketing of Goods & Services Available
6. The Changing Management Environment
7. Organizational Goal Setting and Planning
8. Strategy Formulation and Implementation
9. Managerial Decision Making
10. Fundamentals of Organizing, Human Resource Management, Managing Diverse
Employees
11. Leadership in Organizations
12. Motivation in Organization
13. Teamwork in Organizations Management Working Systems
14. Operation and Service Management

Establishing a Business, Operating, Financial, Operational and Management Aspects, Human
Resources and Personnel Management, Reducing Risk through Insurance, Marketing of Goods &
Services Available.

The Intellectual Heritage of Management, Approaches to Management, Effective Decision
Making, The Planning Process, Strategic Planning and Action, Organizing for Action, Organizing
Individuals: Personnel and staffing, Human Resources, Copying and Change, Group Dynamics,
Communications, Motivation, Leadership, Managing Production and Operations, The Challenging
Environment of Managers, The Changing Environment of Management, Case Study, Report
Presentation.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Harold Koontz, Robert M. Fulmer, A Practical Introduction to Business, 3
rd
Edition,
Richard D. Irwin Inc.
2. Cundiff, Edward W, Fundamental of Modern Marketing, Richard R. Still, and
Norman A. P. Govoni, Latest Edition.
3. Robert M. Fulmer, The New Management, Macmillan Publishing Co., 1987.
4. Heinz Weihrich and Harold Koontz, Management A Global Perspective,
10
th
Edition, McGrawHill, International Edition.
5. Khurshid H. Siddiqui, Introduction to Business, Ghazanfar Academy, Karachi, Edition
199899.
6. Richard L. Daft, Management, 4
th
Edition, The Dryden Press.

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MBA II
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

BA (M) 561

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Role of the Manager
1.1. The Managers Must Like and Understand People in One Organization
1.2. The Better Manager Manage their Human Resource Application of Innovative
Techniques is Essential
1.3. This is where the Application of OB becomes too Important to Manager Today
1.4. Technologically Organizations have Tremendously
1.5. The Managers Responsibility is to Achieve Excellence in Human Side of an
Organization

2. A Systems View of Organizational Behavior
2.1. Study of Organizational Theory
2.2. Modern Organization Design and system
2.3. The Organizational Culture Context
2.4. What is Organizational Behavior?
2.5. Cognitive Framework, Behavioristic Framework and Social Learning Framework

3. Organizational Structure and Authority
3.1. The Interdependence of Organizational Units
3.2. The Concept of Authority in an Organization
3.3. Effect of Authority on Human Behavior
3.4. Concept of Centralization Decimalization of Authority and Human Behavior
3.5. Conflict and its Resolution

4. Attitudes and J ob Satisfaction
4.1. The Nature and Dimensions of Attitudes
4.2. Changing Attitudes
4.3. The Importance of Employee Attitudes and J ob Satisfaction
4.4. Sources and Consequences of J ob Satisfaction

5. Aptitudes and Perception
5.1. The Nature and Importance of Perception
5.2. Perception Selectivity
5.3. Perceptual Organization
5.4. Social Perception

6. Communication
6.1. Background and Role of Communication
6.2. NonVerbal Communication
6.3. Interpersonal Communication
6.4. Downward and Upward Communication
6.5. Interactive Communication

7. Motivation, Need and Processes
7.1. The Meaning of Motivation
7.2. Primary Motives
7.3. General Motives
7.4. Secondary Motives
7.5. Work Motivation Approach

8. Learning Concept and Principles
8.1. Types and Theories of Learning
8.2. Reinforcement: The Key to Learning
8.3. Techniques of Administering Reinforcement
8.4. The Effect of Punishment

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9. The Group and its Dynamics
9.1. The Nature of Groups
9.2. The Dynamics of Information Group
9.3. The Dysfunction of Groups and Teams

10. Organizational Conflicts
10.1. Individual Conflict
10.2. Interactive Conflict
10.3. Copping Strategies for Conflict

11. Stress
11.1. The Emergence of Stress
11.2. The Causes of Stress
11.3. The Effects of Stress
11.4. Coping Strategies for Stress

12. Leadership Processes and Styles
12.1. What is Leadership?
12.2. Traditional Theories of Leadership
12.3. Leadership Styles
12.4. The Role and Activities of an Effective Manager / Leader

13. Decision Making and Control
13.1. Behavioral Decision Making
13.2. The Decision Making Process
13.3. Participative Decision Making Techniques
13.4. Creativity and Group Decision Making

Introduction Role of the Manager, A systems view of Organizational Behavior, Article
Session/Guest Speaker, Technology at Work, Organizational Structure and Authority,
Technology Structure and J ob Satisfaction, Article Session/Guest Speaker, Personality
Aptitudes and Predispositions, Perception and Communication, Motivation: Needs and
Processes, Article Session /Guest Speaker, Learning Concepts and Principles, The Group and Its
Dynamics, Organizational Conflict, Article Session/Guest Speaker, J ob Stress/Stress and The
Individual, Managing Changes, Quality of Work Life, Article Session/Guest Speaker, Working
with Unions, Leadership Processes and Styles, Decisions Making & Control, Manager as a
Leader.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Herbert, Dimension of Organizational Behavior, 2
nd
Edition, Macmillan 1976.
2. Buchanan David, Huczynski Andrzij, Organizational Behavior, 3
rd
Edition, Prentice
Hall, 1991.
3. Paul Herrey, Kenneth H. Blanchard, Management of Organizational Behavior:
Utilising Human Resources, 7
th
Edition, Dewey E J ohnson, 1998.
4. Fred Luthans, Organizational Behavior, McGrawHill, International Editions.

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MBA II
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONII

BA (M) 502

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Listening, Interviewing and Conducting Meetings (Chapter # 19, Bovee &
Thill)
1.1. Communicating Orally, Speaking and Listening
1.2. Problem with Speaking
1.3. Steps of Listening
1.4. Handling Different Interpersonal Situation
1.5. Conducting and Planning Interviews
1.6. Questions and Structures
1.7. Participating in Small Groups and Meetings
1.8. Group Dynamics
1.9. Arranging the Meeting

2. Giving Speeches and Oral Presentation (Chapter # 20, Bovee & Thill)
2.1. Steps in Preparing for Speeches and Presentations
2.2. Purpose Audience Analysis
2.3. Main Idea
2.4. Making an Outline
2.5. Developing Speech Presentation: Introduction, Body, Restating the main points
and close
2.6. Visual Aids: Design Font Size etc. Selection of Medium, Handout, OHP,
Multimedia Charts etc
2.7. The Art of Delivery
2.8. Handling Questions

3. J ob Application Process (Chapter # 18, Murphy)
3.1. Self and Market Assessment
3.2. Resume Preparation
3.3. Cover Letter

4. J ob Application Process (Chapter # 19, Murphy)
4.1. Preparation for J ob Interviews and Follow Up
4.2. Issues in Negotiating the J ob Offer

5. Strategies for Improving Listening Skills (Chapter # 14, Murphy)

6. Strategies for Reducing Stage Frights (Chapter # 14, Murphy)

7. Informative and Persuasive speaking (Chapter # 15, Murphy)
7.1. Purpose
7.2. Kinds
7.3. Audience Analysis and Organization for Persuasive Speaking
7.4. Forms of Support for Persuasive Speaking

The student should choose a public limited company as Topic for the presentation in the final
exam. The list of students with respective topics should be submitted to Department of
Business Administration, University of Karachi, 15 Days prior to the examination along with the
report prepared by the student.

Teaches the student to communicate orally with others in an effective manner in a business
environment. Topics covered in this course are: Interviewing, Public Speaking, InterPersonal
Communication etc. Practical experience of preparing and delivering speeches before large
groups. There will be presentations in this class as a preparation for practical life in business
and Industry.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Dooher, M. J osheph ed., Effective Communication on the J ob, American
Management Association Inc., Latest Edition.
2. Ross, H. J ohn., Technique of Systems and Procedures, 1
st
Edition, Office Research
Institute, 1948.
3. Hetra A. Murphy, Herbert W. Hildebrandt and J ames Thomas, Effective Business
Communication, McGrawHill, International Edition
4. Courtland L. Bovee and J ohan Thill, Effective Business Communication, Prentice
Hall.

Distribution of Marks for Affiliated Colleges

Final Presentation 30 Marks
Theory Exam 30 Marks (on above topics)

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MBA II
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
COMPUTER APPLICATION TO BUSINESS

BA (M) 512

3

COURSE OBJ ECTIVE

This emergence of Computerbased Information Economics and widespread usage of
computers in recordkeeping, classification, compilation and consolidation of organizational data
have recast the role of Computer in Business & Management. In other words Computerbased
Business Systems (CBBSs) have become essential for creating competitive firms, managing
global corporations, providing useful products and services to customers through a better
management of information resources. This course is designed to provide a basis to students in
using organizational Computerbased Business Systems (CBBSs) as required by Management.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Why Business Students need to learn Computers Application to Business?
(Prerequisite for the subject)
1.1. Organization & Organizational Units
1.2. Commerce
1.3. IT & Business Environment

2. Organization & Organizational Units
2.1. Functions of Computers in Organizations

3. Benefits of Computers in Organizations (Overall)

4. Computers for Operational Activities in Organizations

5. Computers for Tactical Activities in Organizations

6. Office Automation Tool & Software
6.1. Word Processor e.g. MSWord for Business Report Writing

7. Presentation Tool e.g. MSPower Point for Report Presentation

8. Cyberspace (Internet, Intranet, Extranet, eMail Software)
8.1. Lab Exercise

9. Computer for Transaction Processing in Organization
9.1. Electronic Spread Sheet e.g. MSExcel as a Powerful Transaction Recording Tool
9.2. Lab Exercises

10. Computers for Accounts Management in Organizations (Accounts Payable)
10.1. Accounts Receivable, Chart of Accounts Maintenance, General J ournal Entries,
General Ledger Report
10.2. Exercise on Peachtree Accounting Software & MSExcel

11. Computer for Inventory Maintenance, Control & Forecast

12. Computer for Invoicing

13. Computer for client Profile Management

14. Computers for Order Filing & Tracking

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15. Computers for Vendor Profile Management

16. Computers for Sales & Distribution

17. Computer for Personnel Management (HR Management) & Payrolls

18. ECommerce
18.1. Its Origin
18.2. Associated Terminologies

19. eCommerce Application Models
19.1. B2C eCommerce
19.2. B2B eCommerce

20. C2C eCommerce
20.1. B2E eCommerce
20.2. G2S eCommerce

21. EFTS Electronic Fund Transfer System

22. EDI Electronic Data Interchange

23. EM Electronic Market

Introduction to Computers, Computer for a Business Computer System, File Design, Pay Rolls
and Personnel Management System, Accounts Payables, Check Writing and Check
Reconciliation, Invoicing, Accounts Receivables, Order Filling, Inventory Control and ForeCast,
Labor Distribution and Costing, General Ledger, Sales Analysis, MIS, Review.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Alen I. Eliason, Kent D. Kitts., Business Computer Systems and Application,
Chicago, Science Research Association, Latest

Edition, 1979.
2. J ames A. Senn, Information Technology in Business, Prentice Hall, Latest Edition.
3. Turban Lee, King Chung, Electronic Commerce: A Managerial Perspective,
Prentice Hall. Latest Edition.
4. Diwan, Sharma, Electronic Commerce: A Managers Guide to Business, Vanity
Books, Latest Edition.
5. Floyd Fuller, Electronic Commerce, The Dryden Press, Latest Edition.

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MBA III
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

BA (M) 522

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. The Nature and Functions of Accounting
1.1. The RecordKeeping Function
1.2. Classifying and Summarizing Transactions
1.3. Accounting and Decision Making

2. Accounting and the Forms of Business Enterprises
2.1. Sole Proprietorships
2.2. Partnerships
2.3. Corporations

3. Financial Statements The Outputs of the System
3.1. Learning Objective
3.2. Objectives of Financial Reporting
3.3. Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Information
3.4. The Uses and Limitations of Classified Balance Sheets
3.5. The Uses and Limitations of Classified Income Statements
3.6. The Retained Earnings Statement or Statements of Changes in Stockholders
Equity
3.7. The Statement of Changes in Financial Position
3.8. Other Elements of an Annual Report of a Publicly Held Company

4. Cash Flow Statement

5. Interpreting financial statement data
5.1. Learning Objectives
5.2. The Purposes of Financial Statement Analysis
5.3. Sources of Financial Information
5.4. The Techniques of Financial Analysis
5.5. Common Financial Ratios
5.6. Limitations of Financial Statement Analysis

6. Accounting for Cash and Receivables
6.2. Management Control Over Cash
6.3. Accounting for Receivables

7. Current Liabilities and Concepts Related to the Time Value of Money
7.2. Definition and Recognition of Liabilities
7.3. Types of Current Liabilities
7.4. Interest and the Time Value of Money

8. Property, Plant and Equipment Natural Resources and Intangible Assets
8.2. NonCurrent, NonMonetary Assets
8.3. Capital versus Revenue Expenditure Measuring and Recording the Acquisition
Cost of Property, Plant and Equipment.
8.4. The Accounting Concept of Depreciation
8.5. Methods of Computing Periodic Depreciation
8.6. Accounting for Subsequent Expenditures
8.7. Disposal of Property, Plant, or Equipment
8.8. Natural Resources
8.9. Intangible Assets

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9. Accounting for Long Term Liabilities and Investments in Bonds
9.2. Bonds
9.3. Accounting for Bonds by Borrowers
9.4. Accounting for Bonds by the Investor
9.5. Other Forms of Long Term Debt

10. Corporate Organization and Capital Stock Transactions
10.2. Characteristics of a Corporation
10.3. The Formation and Organization of a Corporation
10.4. Types of Capital Stock
10.5. The Components of Stockholders Equity
10.6. Accounting for the Issuance of Stock
10.7. Use of Stock Information

11. Stockholders Equity Retained Earnings and Dividends
11.2. Corporate Income Statements
11.3. Earnings per Share
11.4. Dividends
11.5. Stock Splits Prior Period Adjustments, Appropriations, and Treasury Stock
11.6. Retirement of Capital Stock
11.7. Statement of Stockholders Equity
11.8. Summary of Learning Objectives

Inventories and the Cost of Goods Sold, Plant and Depreciation, Liabilities, Stock holders Equity,
PaidIn Capital, Income and Charges in Retained Earnings, Statement of Cash Flows, Financial
Statement Analysis.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. MWE, Glautier, B. Under Down, Accounting Practice, 4
th
Edition, Pitman Publisher,
1994.
2. Flamholtz, Eric G., Diamond A., Flamholtz Diana Troik, Financial Accounting
Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986.
3. Smith, J ay. M., Kousen, Fred K., Intermediate Accounting, 7
th
Edition, South
Western Publishing Company.
4. Welseh, Glenn A. Charles, T., Zlatkevich, C.T. Harison Walter T., Intermediate
Accounting, 5
th
Edition, Richard D. Irwin.
5. Flamholts Eric., Diamond A. Michael & Flamholts Diana Troik, Financial Accounting,
McMillan Publishing Company, Latest Edition.
6. Smith J ayu. M. & Kousen, Fred K., Intermediate Accounting, 7
th
Edition, South
Western Publishing Company.
7. Welseh, Glenn A. Charies, T. & Zaltakevich, C. T. Harrison Walter T., Richard D. Irwin,
Ero Intermediate Accounting, 5
th
Edition.
8. Moshich & Lanson, Intermediate Accounting,
9. Kieso Weygandyt, Intermediate Accounting, 7
th
Edition.
10. Meigs and and Meigs, Bettner, Accounting The Basis for Business, 10
th
Edition,
Robert F. Meigs, Mary Whittington, A. Meigs, Mark Bettner, McGrawHill, Ray Withington
Cos. Inc. 1996, International Edition.
11. Gautier, B. Under Down. Accounting Practice, 4
th
Edition, Pitman Publisher, 1994.
12. Z. Eric G. Diamond A., Flamholtz Diana Troik, Financial Accounting, Macmillan
Company, 1986.
13. M. Kousen, Fred K., Intermediate Accounting, 7
th
Edition, SouthWestern,
Publishing.
14. Glenn A. Charles, T., Zlatkevich, C. T. Harison Walter T., Intermediate Accounting,
5
th
Edition, Irwin.

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MBA III
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
BUSINESS STATISTICS

BA (M) 532

3

OBJ ECTIVE AND CONTENTS

Definition of the word Statistics in singular sense as well as in plural sense. Kind of data and
methods of its collection. Primary and Secondary data. Grouping of data graphic and
diagrammatic representation. Central tendency of data and its measures, their merit and
demerit Quantiles. Dispersion and its measure, absolute and relative both. Symmetry and
skewness measure of skewness. Permutation and Combination. Sets operation. Introduction
to probability theory. Basic concepts of mutually exclusive and not mutually exclusive events.
Dependent and independent events. Addition and multiplication laws of Probability. Concept of
variables and random variable. Mathematical expectation of a random variable. Finding mean,
variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of probability distribution. Discrete
probability distribution such as binomial Hyper geometric and Poisson distribution and their
properties. Application of these distribution in solving business problems. Concept of regression
and correlation when x and y are linearly related variables and their measures. Scatter diagram
and fitting curves to the observed data by principle of least squares. Index number and its
types. Weighted index number and its measures. Consumer price index number and its
applications.

The Topics will include deriving stable relationship for Mass Data, Methods of Data collection,
Frequency Distribution, Measuring Central Tendency and Dispersion, Averages and Weightages,
Averages, Regression and Correlation, Index Numbers, Introduction to Probability Theory: Sets
and Sets Operation Permutation and Combination, Basic Probability Concepts States of
Statistical Independence and Dependence. Discrete Probability Distributions: Binomial
Distribution, Poisson Distribution etc.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Frank & Althoen, Statistics, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
2. Stir Zaker, Elementary Probability, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
3. Leonard J . Kazmier, Theory and Problems of Business Statistics, Schaum Outline
Series, 1992.
4. Ronald E. Walpole, Introduction to Statistics, 3
rd
Edition, Collier Macmillan, 1982.
5. Schaums Outline Series 1992.

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MBA III
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING

BA (M) 542

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Concept of Marketing and Marketing Management
1.1. What is Marketing?
1.1.1. Needs, Wants, Demands, Products, Market
1.2. Exchange Function in Marketing
1.3. Marketing Management
1.3.1. Production Concept
1.3.2. Product Concept
1.3.3. The Selling Concept
1.3.4. The Marketing Concept

2. Marketing Planning
2.1. Strategic Planning and the Marketing Process
2.2. Organizational EnvironmentObjectives and Mission, Growth Strategy
2.3. Benefits of Marketing, Planning & Control
2.4. Marketing Information and Concept
2.5. Marketing Research Process

3. Analyzing Marketing Mix
3.1. Elements of Marketing Mix or Four Ps of Marketing Mix
3.1.1. Product, Price, Place, Promotion
3.2. Seven Ps or Elements of Service Mix
3.2.1. Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Physical Evidence & Process
3.3. Importance and Interdependence of Marketing Mix

4. Market Segmentation
4.1. Concept, Importance and Meaning of Segmenting Markets
4.2. Segmenting Consumer Markets
4.3. Segmenting Organizational Markets
4.4. Bases for Market Segmentation
4.4.1. Geographic, Demographic, Geodemographic, Psychographic and
Behavioral

5. Target Marketing
5.1. Undifferentiated Marketing
5.2. Differentiated Marketing
5.3. Concentrated Marketing
5.4. Choosing Among Selection Strategies
5.5. Product Positioning

6. Marketing Research
6.1. Marketing Research Definition and Importance
6.2. Marketing Research Procedure
6.3. Marketing Research Objectives and Systems
6.4. Marketing Research Designs and Methods

7. Communication
7.1. Definition of Communication
7.2. Theory of Communication Sender, Message Receiver
7.3. Elements of Promotional Mix Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion
and Publication

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7.4. Communication Planning Model
7.4.1. Target Market Organizational Vs Consumer Market, Push and Pull
Strategy, Buyer Readiness of the Target Market, Responses to
Communications
7.4.2. The Product Organizational and Consumer Product, The Product Life
Cycle Stage
7.4.3. The Environment Social Cultural Competitors, Legal and Regulatory
Changes

8. Advertising and Other Promotional Strategies
8.1. Advertising Its Definition and Role in the Promotional Mix
8.2. Types of Advertising Product and Institutional
8.3. Formulation of Advertising Message
8.4. Advertising Media
8.5. Personal Selling
8.6. Sales Promotion
8.7. Public Relations

9. International Marketing
9.1. Meaning of International Marketing
9.2. The Rationale of International Marketing
9.3. Understanding International Market
9.4. Selection of the Market
9.5. Market Entry Methods

The Concept of Marketing and Marketing Management, Marketing Planning, Analyzing
Marketing Opportunities, Market Segmentations, Market Targeting and Product Positioning
Marketing Strategies, Designing Communication, Advertising and Other Promotion Strategies
International Marketing.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management Analysis Planning Implementation and
Control, 9
th
Edition, Prentice Hall, 1998.
2. Guiltinan, J oseph P., Gordon W, Paul, Marketing Management Strategic Problem,
5
th
Edition, McGraw Hill, 1994
3. J . Paul Peter, J ames H. Donnelly, Lawrence X. Trapey, Marketing Management,
1
st
Edition, Texas Business Publishing 1982.

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MBA III
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT

BA (M) 552

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Overview of Human Resource Management

2. Introduction of the Human Resource Management
2.1. Definition of HRM
2.2. Is Field of Management?
2.3. Environment of HRM
2.3.1. Internal
2.3.2. External National
2.3.3. International

3. Process of Human Resource Management

4. Functions of Human Resource Management
4.1. Procurement (Recruitment and Selection)
4.2. Development of Personnel (Training)
4.3. Maintenance of Personnel (Wages, Salary, Benefits, etc.)
4.4. Utilization of H. Resource

5. H. Resource Development (HRD)
5.1. Determining Training Needs
5.2. Development of Appropriate Training Programs
5.3. Organising and conducting Training Programs
5.4. Evaluation of Training Programs

6. HR Planning, J ob Analysis, J ob Distributions

7. Evaluation of HRM Activities

The course prepares the students for the study of Personnel Management. The Topics will
include: Environment of Human Resource Management, Defenses against discrimination,
Utilization Analysis, Information Technology and Human Resources, J ob Analysis in Different
Environments, Human Resources and Response Organization, Building of Employee
Commitment and Motivation, Basic Features of Interviews, Training in Human Resources.

Introduction to Personnel Management, The Functions of Personnel Management, Personnel
Management in Public Service of Pakistan.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Gary Dessler, Human Resource Management, Prentice Hall, 1999.
2. Warther, William B., Personnel Management and Human Behavior, McGrawHill,
Latest Edition.
3. Flippo, Edwin B., Principles of Personnel Management, McGrawHill Co., Latest
Edition.
4. Beach, Dale S, Personnel: The Management of People at Work, Macmillan
Publishing, Latest Edition.
5. Armstrong, Michael A., Handbook of Personnel, Management Practice, Kogan,
1997.
6. Keilt Davis, Human Resource Management

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MBA IV
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
ADVANCE BUSINESS STATISTICS

BA (M) 601

3

COURSE CONTENTS

Continuous Probability distribution. Normal distribution its properties. Application of normal
distribution. Standard normal distribution, its properties. Sampling and Sampling distribution of
mean. Sampling techniques Simple random Sampling Stratified random sampling, Systematic
sampling. Properties of sample mean in simple random sampling technique and stratified both.
Idea of parameter and Statistic Estimation of parameters. Difference between point estimation
and interval estimation. Construction of 95% and 99% confidence interval of population mean
and difference of two population means and proportion for large and small samples both.
Determination of sample size for estimating parameters. Test of hypothesis, Ztest for testing
population mean, proportion and difference of two population means and proportion. X
2
test
for testing population variance, goodness of fit and test of independence of two attributes. F
test for testing equality of two population variances. Time series its components methods of
measuring secular trends. Partial and multiple correlation and their coefficients. Multiple
regression equations.

The course build upon the course on elements of statistics: Topics will include: Continous
Probability Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, Two Sample Test of Proportions, Chisquare
Distribution, Tests of Goodness of Fit, Confidence Intervals, Regression and Correlation
Techniques, Multiple Regression and Correlation, Estimation of Mean, Variance, Confidence
Intervals, Quality Improvement and Statistical Decision, Analysis of Time Series.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Edwin Marsfield, Statistics for Business and Economics, W.W. Norton & Co., 1994.
2. Wayne W. Daniel, J ames C. Terelll, Business Statistics for Management and
Economics 6
th
Edition, Houghton Mifflin.
3. J oseph F. Hair, Rolph E. Anderson and Ronald L. Tatham, William C. Black,
Multivariate Data Analysis, 5
th
Edition, Prentice Hall, 1998.
4. Schaum Outline Series.
5. Ronald E Walpole, 4
th
Edition.

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MBA IV
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
COST ACCOUNTING

BA (M) 611

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. The Management Concept and the Function of the Controller
1.1. The Management Concept
1.2. The Controllers Participation in Planning and Control
1.3. The Cost Department
1.4. The Role of Cost Accounting
1.5. Certification and Ethics
1.6. The Influence of Private and Governmental Organizations

2. Cost Concepts and the Cost Accounting Information System
2.1. The Cost Concept
2.2. The Cost Accounting Information System
2.3. Classification of Costs
2.4. The Flow of Costs in a Manufacturing Enterprise
2.5. Reporting the Results of Operations

3. J ob Order Costing
3.1. Cost Systems and Cost Accumulation Procedure
3.2. J ob Order Costing

4. Process Costing: Cost of Production Report
4.1. Process Cost Accumulation Procedures
4.2. Other Factor in Accounting for Lost Units
4.3. Addition of Materials

5. Process Costing: Average and FIFO Costing
5.1. Beginning Work in Process Inventories
5.2. Difficulties Encountered in Process Cost Accounting Procedures

6. Materials: Controlling and Costing
6.1. Procedures for Materials Procurement and Use
6.2. Materials Costing Methods
6.3. Transfer of Materials Cost to Finished Product
6.4. Inventory Valuation at Cost or Market, Whichever is Lower
6.5. Inventory Pricing and interim Financial Reporting
6.6. Costing Procedures for Scarp, Spoiled Goods and Defective Work
6.7. Summary of Materials Management

7. Materials: Quantitative Models for Planning and Control
7.1. Planning Materials Requirements
7.2. Materials Control

8. Labor: Controlling and Accounting for Costs
8.1. Productivity and Labor Costs
8.2. Incentive Wage Plans
8.3. Organization for Labor Cost Accounting and Control
8.4. Labor Performance Reports

9. Factory Overhead: Planned, Actual and Applied: Variance Analysis
9.1. The Nature of Factory Overhead
9.2. The Use of a Predetermined Factory Overhead Rate
9.3. Factors to be Considered in the Selection of Overhead Rates

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9.4. The Calculation of a Factor Overhead Rate
9.5. Actual Factory Overhead or Under Applied and Variance
9.6. Analysis
9.7. Changing Overhead Rates
9.8. Summary of Factory Overhead

An Introduction to Cost Terms and Purposes, Designing, Installation and Operation of Cost
Systems, Introduction to Different Costing Method, Cost Classification; Nature and Functions,
Direct Indirect, Fix and Variable, Controllable and UnControllable, Avoidable and UnAvoidable,
Standard / Budgeted and Actual, Material Control Procedure and Costing Method; Quantitative
Models for Materials, Control and Accounting for Labor Cost and for Factory Overhead Cost.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Matz & Usry, Cost Accounting, 7
th
Edition, SouthWestern Publishing Company, USA.
2. Charles T. Horngren, George Faster, S.M. Datar, Cost Accounting Managerial
Emphasis, Prentice Hall, 1997.
3. Milton F. Usry, and Lawrence H. Hammer, Control, Cost Accounting Planning,
9
th
Edition, SouthWestern Adolph Matz Publishing Co. (Ohio) 1988.
4. General R. Growing Shield & Kenneth A. Crorman Cost Accounting.
5. Polimini & Cashin, Cost Accounting, McGrawHill.
6. J ams A. Cashin, Ralph, Cost Accounting, 9
th
Edition Auckland Polimeni McGrawHill.
7. Nisaruddin, Cost Accounting, Latest Edition, Aziz Publishers Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
8. S. Qavi Ahmed, Cost Accounting, Latest Edition.
9. Laster E. Heitoer, Serge, Matullh, Managerial Accounting, 1980.

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MBA IV
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS FINANCE

BA (M) 621

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. An Overview of Business Finance
1.1. GAAP Revisited
1.2. Basic Finance Statement
1.3. Legal Forms of Organization

2. Corporation defined: Advantages and Disadvantages
2.1. Formation of a Corporation
2.2. Capital Stock, Authorization and Issuance
2.3. Rights of a Shareholder
2.4. Common and Preferred Stocks
2.5. Types of Preferred Stocks
2.6. Payment of Dividends

3. The Firms Investment Decision
3.1. An Overview of the Capital Budgeting Process
3.2. Capital Budgeting Techniques
3.3. Payback Period
3.4. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR)
3.5. Net Present Value (NPV)
3.6. Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
3.7. Profitability Index (P/I)
3.8. Sensitivity Analysis

4. The Time Value of Money
4.1. Compounding and Discounting
4.2. Finding Future and Present Values

5. Financial Ratio Analysis
5.1. Types of Financial Ratios
5.2. Uses of Financial Ratios
5.3. Determination and Interpretation
5.4. Limitations of Ratios

6. Working Capital Management
6.1. The Importance of Working Capita
6.2. ShortTerm Finance Decision
6.3. Deciding on an Appropriate WC Policy

Introduction, Importance of Cash Management, Sources, Finance, Sources and uses of Funds
Types, Financial Analysis, Taxation, Investment in Long Term Assets, Cash Flow, Managing,
Cash & Temporary Investments, Managing Receivables & Inventory, Working Capitals, Dividend
Policy and Retained Earnings.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. R. A. Stevenson, Fundamentals of Finance, McGrawHill, Latest Edition.
2. Donald H. Chew, J R., The New Corporate Finance, 2
nd
Edition, Irwin, McGrawHill,
1998.
3. Eugene Bugham, Fundamental of Financial Management, The Dryden Press,
Harcourt Brare College Publishers, 1995.
4. Ramesh K. S. Rao, Fundamentals of Financial Management, Macmillan Publishing
Company International Edition.

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MBA IV
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

BA (M) 631

3

COURSE OBJ ECTIVE

This course aims to provide students with basic knowledge of current production and operations
management practices and techniques to produce and services.

Operational Management provides a powerful tool to students for achieving organizational
objectives and competitive strategies in todays Competitive World

The course aims at exposing the students to avail of actual Production in a plant or factory. In
this process the students will study the management on the spot where production takes place.
The students will also get some familiarity with operations study and research. Some
engineering aspects of machine layout, building of factory and other allied aspects.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Introduction of Production and Operations Management
2. Operations and Productivity
3. Operations as a Competitive Weapon
4. Operations Strategy
5. Process Management
6. Management of Technology
7. Work Force Management
8. Statistical Process Control
9. Operations Capacity
10. Location Planning
11. Layout Planning
12. Supply Chain Management
13. Inventory Control Management
14. Aggregate Requirements Planning
15. Material Requirements Planning
16. J ustin Time Systems
17. Operations Research
18. Managing Projects

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Taha, Hamdy A., Operations Research and Introduction, 6
th
Edition, Prentice Hall,
1998.
2. Bierman, Harold, Charles P. Bonini, Waren H. Hausman, Quantitative Analysis for
Business Decision, 8
th
Edition, Richard D. Irwin, 1998.

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MBA V
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
ECONOMICS & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN

BA (M) 641

3

COURSE OBJ ECTIVE

The Course seeks a clear understanding and a measure of economic and industrial development
of Pakistan since its inception. It looks into the future challenges and opportunities.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. The Meaning & Measure of Economic Development
1.1. Economic Growth and Economic Development
1.2. Classification of Countries
1.3. Kravis Theory of Purchasing Power Adjustment / A Better Measure of Economic
Development?
1.4. Problems with Alternative Measures
1.5. Weighted Indices for GNP Growth
1.6. Basic Needs Attainment
1.7. Liberalization versus Development
1.8. Small is Beautiful

2. The Strategy of Economic Growth
2.1. History and Evaluation of Economic Planning in Pakistan
2.2. Comparative Study of Pakistans Five Year Plans
2.3. Domestic and External Financing
2.4. Foreign Private Investment
2.5. Debt Serving

3. Industrial Planning in Pakistan
3.1. An Overview of Industrial Strategies and Structural Changes in the Economy
3.2. The Phase of Import Substitution
3.3. The Phase of Export Expansion
3.4. The Phase of Distributive J ustice
3.5. The Phase of the Return of the Functional Inequality Grafted with Basic Needs
Concern

4. The Problems of Industrial Concentration and Income Inequalities
4.1. Economic Growth and Income Inequality
4.2. Income Inequalities
4.3. Gini CoEfficient Criterion
4.4. Household Income Share Criterion
4.5. Purchasing Power Criterion
4.6. RuralUrban Inequalities
4.7. Concerns of Poverty
4.8. Poverty Alleviation

5. Role of Public and private Sectors in the industrialization of Pakistan
5.1. Private Sector as the Engine of Growth
5.2. Public Sector in the Role GapFiller and a Catalyst
5.3. The Fall of the Private Sector and Ascendancy of the Public Sector
5.4. Resurgence of the Private Sector

6. Privatization
6.1. Historical Perspective
6.2. Privatization in Pakistan

7. Globalization
7.1. Challenges and Opportunities

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8. Foreign Trade

9. Money & Banking

10. Public Finance

Basic Features, Agricultural Sector, Industrial Sector, Foreign Trade of Pakistan, Money and
Banking in Pakistan, Public Finance in Pakistan.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Economics Survey, Latest, State Bank of
Pakistan, Annual Survey, Latest, Federal Bureau of Statistics Year Book, Latest.
2. Dr. MahbulHaq, The Strategy of Economic Growth.
3. Ahmad, Viqar and Amjad, The Management of Pakistans Economy.
4. Dr. Muhammad Aslam, Development Planning in Pakistan.
5. Shahrukh Rafi Khan, 50 Years of Pakistans Economy.
6. E. Wayne Nafziger, The Economics of Developing Countries.
7. Dr. Khuwaja Amjad Saeed, Economy of Pakistan.

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MBA V
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHODS

BA (M) 651

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. The Nature of Marketing Research
1.1. Marketing Research in Practice
1.2. The Function of Marketing Research
1.3. International Marketing Research
1.4. The Marketing Research Department

2. Marketing Information and Decision Support System
2.1. Marketing Information and Decision Support System (MIS)
2.2. Marketing Decision Support System (MDSS)
2.3. Expert System

3. Research Process and Research Design
3.1. The Nature of Research Design
3.2. Steps in Research Design Process
3.3. Potential Errors Affecting Research Designs

4. Secondary Data
4.1. The Nature of Secondary Data
4.2. Internal Sources of Secondary Data
4.3. External Sources of Secondary Data

5. Primary Data
5.1. Survey Research
5.2. Telephonic Survey
5.3. Mailing Survey
5.4. Experimentation

6. Survey Research
6.1. The Nature of Survey Research
6.2. Criteria for the Selection of a Survey Method
6.3. Potential Errors in Survey Research

7. Experimentation
7.1. The Nature of Experimentation
7.2. Types of Errors Affecting Experimental Results
7.3. Experimental Design

8. Experimental Environment
8.1. Laboratory Experiments
8.2. Field Experiments
8.3. Test Marketing

9. Measurement in Marketing Research
9.1. The Concept of Measurement
9.2. Scales of Measurement
9.3. Components of Measurement
9.4. Measurement Accuracy

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10. Questionnaire Design
10.1. The Nature of Questionnaire
10.2. Preliminary Decision
10.3. Decisions Regarding Question Content
10.4. Decisions Regarding Question Phrasing
10.5. Decisions Regarding Response Format
10.6. Decisions Regarding the Questions Sequence
10.7. Physical Characteristics of the Questionnaire
10.8. Pretest

11. The Sampling Process
11.1. Census Versus Sample
11.2. The Sampling Process
11.3. Sampling Applications
11.4. The Methods of Determining Sample Size

12. Marketing Research Reports
12.1. Preparing the Written Research Report
12.2. Preparing the Oral Presentations
12.3. Reading Research Reports

13. Ethical Issues in Marketing Research
13.1. The Nature of Ethical Issues in Marketing Research

Introduction, Defining the Research Problem, Research Design, Sampling Design, Measurement
and Scaling Techniques, Methods of Data Collection, Processing and Analysis, Analysis of
Variance and CoVariance, International and Report Writing.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. C. William Emory (E), Business Research Methods, Richard D. Irwin, Latest Edition.
2. Tull Donald S. & Del I. Hawkins (T & H), Marketing Research, 6
th
Edition, Macmillan.
3. L.R. Gay, P.L. Diew, Research Methods for Business & Management, Macmillan,
Latest Edition.
4. William G. Zikmund, Business Research Methods, 6
th
Edition, The Dryden Press,
2000.
5. Donald S. Tull, Del I. Hawkins, Marketing Research Measurement & Method,
6
th
Edition.

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MBA V
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING

BA (M) 602

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Managerial Accounting and the Business Organisation
1.1. Accounting and Decision Making
1.2. Management Accounting in Service and Nonprofit Organisations
1.3. CostBenefit and Behavioural Considerations
1.4. The Management process and Accounting
1.5. Planning and Control for Product Life Cycle and the Value Chain
1.6. Accountings Position in the Organisation
1.7. Career Opportunities in Managerial Accounting

2. Introduction to Cost Behaviour and Cost Volume Relationship
2.1. Activities, Cost, and Cost Drivers
2.2. Comparison of Variable and Fixed Costs
2.3. Cost Volume Profit Analysis
2.4. Additional Uses of Cost Volume Analysis
2.5. Lowering the BreakEven Point
2.6. Nonprofit Application

3. Measurement of Cost Behaviour
3.1. Cost Drivers and Cost Behaviour
3.2. Management influence on Cost Behaviour
3.3. Cost Functions
3.4. Methods of Measuring Cost Functions

4. Cost Management Systems and Activity Based Costing
4.1. Classifications of Costs
4.2. Cost Accounting for Financial Reporting
4.3. Cost Behaviour and Income Statements
4.4. Activity Based Costing
4.5. Contribution Approach and Activity Based Costing
4.6. Cost Management Systems

5. Relevant Information and Decision Making Marketing Decisions
5.1. The Concept of Relevance
5.2. The Special Sales Order
5.3. Deletion or Addition of Products, Services or Departments
5.4. Optimal Use of Limited Resources
5.5. Pricing Decisions
5.6. General Influences on Pricing in Practice
5.7. Role of Costs in Pricing Decisions
5.8. Target Costing
5.9. Target Costing, ABC, and Service Companies

6. Relevant Information and Decision Making
6.1. Production Decision
6.2. Opportunity, Outlay, and Differential Costs
6.3. MakeorBuy Decisions
6.4. J oint Product Costs
6.5. An Example of MakeorBuy Outsourcing
6.6. Irrelevance of Past Cost
6.7. Sunk Costs and Government Contracts
6.8. Irrelevance of Future Costs That Will Not Differ
6.9. Beware of Unit Costs
6.10. Conflicts Between Decision Making and Performance Evaluation

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7. Master Budget

8. Flexible Budget

The course emphasises use of Accounting Information as a toll for solving Business problems it
also helps developed tolls for fore casting and control of the Financial Systems. The course also
discusses cost systems as well as profit planning and development of professionals
management approach in accounting process and systems. The course is essential for
professional executives in mild and higher Management

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Horngern, Managerial Accounting, Prince Hall
2. Introduction to Managerial Accounting, 1996
3. Horngren Introduction to Managerial Accounting, 1996

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MBA V
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
AUDITING

BA (M) 612

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Nature and Objective of an Audit
2. Kinds of Audit
3. Audit Engagement Letter
4. Audit Planning
5. Controlling of an Audit and its Procedure
6. Audit Documentation
7. Risk Assessment and Internal Control (As6)
8. Audit Techniques and Procedure
9. Audit Evidence, Types and Procedures
10. The Auditors Report and Management Responsibilities
11. Professional Ethics and Management Responsibilities
12. Verification of Assets, Liabilities and Other Transactions
13. SixPoints Techniques of Verification and Analytical Procedure

Types or Auditing, Procedures used by public accountants, Verification of Data and Examining
the Proper Sanctions, Verification and Scrutiny of statutorily required, financial statements being
prepared, financial statements being prepared, Ensuring the legal as well as moral and ethical
obligations of auditing profession, final authentication and certification of account before
publication.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. O. Ray Whittington, Kurt Pony, Principles of Auditing, 11
th
Edition, Irwin, 1995.
2. Howard, Leslie R., Auditing, 9
th
Edition, Pitman Publisher, 1992.
3. Prof. Dr. Khawaja Amjad Saeed, Advance Auditing.
4. J avid H. Zubari, Practical Auditing.

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MBA VI
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

BA (M) 622

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. An Overview of Financial Management
1.1. Career, Opportunities in Finance, Financial Management in 1990s, Forms of
Organizations, Function of Financial management, Goals of Corporations,
Business Ethics, Agency Problems, Managerial Incentives, Internal vs. External
Environmental.

2. Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
2.1. Time Line, Future Value, Present Value, Interest Rate Factors, Future Value of an
Annuity, Perpetuities, Uneven Cash Flow Stream, Compounding Periods, Types of
Interest Rates, Fractional Time Periods, Amortized Loan.

3. Valuation Models
3.1. Securities Vs Derivatives, General Valuation Model, Bond Valuation, Preferred
Stock Valuation Common Stock Valuation, Stock Market Equilibrium.

4. Cost of Capital
4.1. Capital Components and Costs, Cost of Debt, Cost of Preferred Stocks, Cost of
Retained Earnings, CAPM Approach, DCF Approach, Bond Yield Plus Risk
Premium Approach, Comparison, Cost of Newly Issues Common Equity, WACC,
MCC Schedule in Capital Budgeting.

5. Basic of Capital Budgeting
5.1. Importance of Capital Budgeting, Ideas for Capital Projects, Project
Classifications, Securities Between Capital Budgeting and Securities Valuation
Capital Budgeting Decision Rules, NPV Vs IRP, Modified IRR, NVP Vs PI Methods,
Present Value of Future Costs.

6. Project Cash Flow Analysis
6.1. Cash Flow Estimation, Relevant Cash Flows, Tax Effects, Changes in Net Working
Capital, Cash Flow Analysis, Replacement Analysis, Estimation Bias, Evaluating
Decision Rules, NPV Vs IRP, Modified IRR, NVP Vs PI Methods, Present Value of
Future Cots.

7. Risk Analysis an Optional Capital Budget
7.1. Introduction to Project Risk, stand lone Risk, Abandonment on NPV and Stand
Alone Risk, Corporate Risk, Market Risk, Risk and Capital, Risk Cash Outflows,
View of Project Risk Analysis, Optimal Capital Budget Capital Rationing.

8. Long Term Financial Planning
8.1. Strategic Plans, Operating plans, Sales Forecasts, Financial Statement
Forecasting, Formula Method for Forecasting AFN, Forecasting Financial Ratios
with Changes in Balance Sheet, Forecasting Financial Statements Variables,
Computerized Financial Planning Models, Financial Controls.

9. Capital Structure Decisions
9.1. Business and Financial Risk, Capital Structure Theory, Target Capital in Structure
when Cash Flow are perpetuities, Considerations and Approaches in capital
Structure Decision.

10. Capital Structure Decisions: Extensions
10.1. Capital Structure Theory: MM Models, The Miller Model, Criticisms of MM and
Miller Models, Trade Off Models, Asymmetries Information Model, Variations in
Capital Structure, Book Weights vs. Market Weights.

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11. Dividend Policy
11.1. Dividends vs. Capital Gains: Investors Preference, Dividend Policy in Practice,
Changing Policies, Dividend Reinvestment Plans, Influence on Dividend Policy,
Stock Repurchases, Stock Dividend Stock Splits, Tests of dividend Theories,
Dividend stability, Dividend policy in practice, Changing Policies, Dividend
Reinvestment Plans, Influence on Dividend Policy, Stock Repurchases, Stock
Dividend Stock Splits.

Time Value of Money, Stick and Bond Values, Risk and Rates of Return, IERR and IFRR. The
Basic of Capital Budgeting, Risk and other Topics in Capital Budgeting. The Cost of Capital,
Capital Structure Decisions, Theory of Capital Structure, Dividend Policy, Mergers and
Divestitures, Bankruptcy and Reorganization, Islamic Financial System.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Richard Bearley, Stewant Myer, Principles of Corporate Finance, McGrawHill, Latest
Edition.
2. Eugine F. Brigham, Lous C. Gapenski, Financial Management Theory and Practice,
8
th
Edition, Dryden Press, Harcourt Brare College Publishers, 1997.
3. Alan C. Shapiro, International Financial Management, Prentice Hall, 1999.
4. Bashir Ahmad Khan, Syed Mubashir Ali, Corporate Finance in Pakistan, Care Studies
from an Emerging Market, Oxford University Press, 1999.
5. Donald H. Chew, J R., The New Corporate Finance, 2
nd
Edition, Irwin McGrawHill,
1999
6. Mergers & Acquisition
7. Bankruptcy & Reorganization
8. Islamic Financial System
9. Risk and Return

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MBA VI
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

BA (M) 632

3

Week Proposed Potential Topics of Study
1 Introduction to Systems. Resources of Systems. Subsystems. Information.
Information Sciences. Information System.
2 Information and Quality Assurance. Information Technology Concepts.
Computerisation and Various Models.
3 Information System Models and their Role in an Organisation. Systems
Analysis and Design. Systems Development Life Cycle.
4 Various Types of Computer Processing. Databases and DBMS. Data
Communication and Networks. Problemsolving Methodologies.
5 Computerbased Information System (CBIS). Various Types of CBIS.
Introduction to Management Information System.
6 Introduction to Accounting Information Systems, Financial Information
System, Human Resource Information System and other ISs.
7 Detailed Study of MIS. Objectives, Requirement tasks and Functionality of
Various Components of MIS.
8 MIS and Executive Information System. Using EIS in an Organisation as a
Problemsolving System.
9 MIS and Decision Support System. Various Related Methodologies and
their Implementation. MIS and other Information Systems.
10 Management of Information Resources. Business Processes and
Organisations Requirement, and their Solution Using MIS.

Emphasis design of information systems of various organizational needs. Determines
information needs for decision making within the organization. Development of systems for
capturing data efficiently. Emphasis is placed in accurate analysis of data required in decision
making process. Finally some insight is provided in developing data processing systems
including tools and terminology.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Lucy Terry, Management Information System, 8
th
Edition, London Letts Educational,
1997.
2. Laudon Keneth, Management Information System, 2
nd
Edition, New York, McMillan,
1991.
3. Davis Gordon, Marhrathe H. Dlson, Management Information System, 2
nd
Edition,
New York, McGrawHill Inc. 1985.
4. Murdick Ross Claggett, Information Systems for Modern Management, 3
rd
Edition,
Prentice Hall, 1999.
5. K. C. Laudon, Essentials of Management Information Systems, Prentice Hall
6. J . OBrian, Management Information System, McGrawHill.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. D W. Kroeber, ComputerBased Information System A Management
Approach, MacMillan Publisher.
2. Any text book available in the University (or departmental) library preferably or available
in the local market for the topics mentioned above.
3. At the time of discussion of a topic, relevant books / materials may be referred from
time to time.
4. Davis Gprdon, Marhrathe H. Dlson, Management Information System, 2
nd
Edition,
New York, McGrawHill Inc. 1985.
5. Murdic Ross Claggett, Information Systems for Modern Management, 3
rd
Edition,
Prentice Hall 1999.

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MBA VI
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
GLOBAL MARKETING

BA (M) 642

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing
1.1. International Marketing Definition, Task and Concepts
1.2. SelfReference Criterion
1.3. Developing Global Awareness

2. Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global Markets
2.1. Culture and Its Elements
2.2. Cultural Knowledge, Values and Changes

3. Business Customs in Global Marketing
3.1. Required Adaptation
3.2. Methods of Doing Business

4. The Political Environment
4.1. Political Risk in Global Business and Reducing Political Vulnerability

5. The International Legal Environment
5.1. Bases for Legal Systems and Commercial Law within Countries
5.2. International Dispute Resolution
5.3. Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

6. Developing a Global Vision through Marketing Research
6.1. Scope and Process of International Marketing Research
6.2. Defining the Problem and Establishing Research Objectives and Gathering
Primary / Secondary Data
6.3. Multicultural Research
6.4. Problems in Interpreting Research Information
6.5. Estimating Market Demand

7. Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organizing
7.1. Global Marketing Management
7.2. Planning for Global Markets
7.3. Alternative Market Entry Strategies
7.4. Organizing for Global Competition

8. Creating Products for Consumers in Global Markets
8.1. Global Markets and Product Development
8.2. Quality Products
8.3. Products, Culture and Adaptation
8.4. Product Components
8.5. Green Marketing and Product Development
8.6. Marketing Consumer Service Globally

9. International Distribution Systems
9.1. Channel of Distribution Structures and Patters
9.2. Selecting, Controlling, Motivating and Terminating Middlemen
9.3. Factors Affecting Choice of Channels

10. The Global Advertising and Promotion Effort
10.1. Global Advertising
10.2. Creative Challenges and Terminating Middlemen
10.3. Factors Affecting Choice of Channels

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11. Pricing for International Markets
11.1. Pricing Policy
11.2. Price Escalation
11.3. Counter Trade
11.4. Intra Company Pricing Strategy

12. Exporting and Logistics: Special Issues for the Small Business
12.1. Export and Import Restrictions
12.2. Terms of Sale and Foreign Commercial Payments
12.3. Export Documents
12.4. Customs Privileged Facilities and Logistics

The course emphasizes the research input in marketing management. The research is initiated
long before production and countries throughout. The research starts from estimation of
demand for a commodity or service in near and distant future. Overall demand for a commodity
of service in a country is estimated. It is then seen how much production on supply is already
present and how much is it expected to raise, because new competitors, Import and export
prospects also have to the Considered similarly, price factor will be considered.

Global Marketing: Trends towards globalization. Globalization of Markets, Forces Shaping Global
Marketing Strategy, International, Multinational and Global Marketing, Evaluation of Global
Marketing, First step to globalization (initial entry), Competitive Advantages, Market Selection
Decision, Modes of entry into Global Markets, Strategies for Local Market Expansion, Globalizing
Marketing Strategy, Global Competitive Strategy, Corporate Infrastructure for Global Marketing.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Boyd, Harper W., Marketing Research Text and Cases, Richard D. Irwin, Latest
Edition.
2. Brown, Lyndon O., Marketing and Distribution Research, Ronald Press Co., Latest
Edition.
3. Kotler Philip, Marketing.
4. Management, Prentice Hall, 1998.
5. Tull, Donald S., Marketing Research, Macmillan, Latest Edition.
6. Susan P. Douglas and C. Samuel Craig, Global Marketing Strategy, McGrawHill Inc.,
International Edition 1995.
7. Frank Bradley, International Marketing Strategy, Prentice Hall, New York,
8. Philip R. Cateora, J ohn L. Graham, International Marketing.

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MBA VI
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
ADVERTISING & PROMOTION

BA (M) 652

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. The Dimension of Advertising
1.1. What is Advertising?
1.2. The Human Communication Process: Applying the Communication Process to
Advertising
1.3. Marketing: Determining the Types of Advertising to Use
1.4. What is Marketing?
1.5. Identifying Target Markets and Target Audiences
1.6. Implementing Marketing Strategy
1.7. Integrating Marketing Strategy
1.8. Integrating Marketing

2. The Scope of Advertising: Form Local to Global
2.1. The Adverting Industry
2.2. The Organizations in Advertising
2.3. The People in Advertising
2.4. The Advisers (The Client)
2.5. Local Advertising
2.6. Regional, National and Transnational Advertisers
2.7. The Advertising Agency
2.8. Types of Advertising Agencies
2.9. The Client / Agency Relationship

3. Marketing and Consumer Behavior: The Foundations of Advertising
3.1. The Larger Marketing Context of Advertising
3.2. The Relationship of Marketing to Advertising
3.3. Consumer Needs and Product Utility
3.4. The Importance of Knowing the Consumer
3.5. The Consumer Decision Making Process
3.6. Exchanges, Perception and Satisfaction
3.7. Interpersonal Influences on Consumer Behavior
3.8. NonPersonal Influences on Consumer Behavior
3.9. The Purchase Decision and Post Purchase Evaluation

4. Market Segmentation and The Marketing Mix
4.1. The Market Segmentation Process
4.2. Segmenting the Customer Market
4.3. The Target Marketing Process
4.4. Advertising and The Product Element
4.5. Advertising and The Price Element
4.6. Advertising and The Place Element
4.7. Advertising and The Communication Element
4.8. The Marketing Mix in Perspective

5. Inputs to Advertising Planning
5.1. Need for Research in Marketing & Advertising
5.2. Applying Research to Advertising Decision Making
5.3. Steps in Research Process

6. Marketing and Advertising Planning
6.1. The Marketing Plan
6.2. Relationship Marketing
6.3. The Importance of Relationships
6.4. Levels of Relationship

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6.5. The Advertising Plan
6.6. Reviewing the Marketing Plan
6.7. Setting the Advertising Objectives
6.8. Advertising Strategy and Creative Mix
6.9. Allocating Funds for Advertising
6.10. Advertising an Investment to Future Sales
6.11. Methods of Allocating Funds

7. Relationship Building: Direct Marketing Personal Selling and Sales Promotion
7.1. The Importance of Relationship Marketing
7.2. Understanding Direct Marketing
7.3. The Role & Drawbacks of Direct Marketing
7.4. Types of Direct Marketing Activities
7.5. Direct Sales & Direct Response Advertising
7.6. Personal Selling the Human Medium
7.7. Types, Advantages & Drawbacks of Personal Selling
7.8. The Positive and Negative Effective of Sales Promotion
7.9. Sales Promotion Strategies and Tactics

8. Relationship Building: Public Relations, Sponsorship and Corporate
Advertising
8.1. The Role of Public Relations
8.2. The Difference between Advertising and Public Relations
8.3. Public Relations Planning and Research
8.4. Public Relations Tolls
8.5. Sponsorships and Event
8.6. Benefits & Drawbacks of Sponsorship
8.7. Types of Sponsorship
8.8. Corporate / Institutional Sponsorship
8.9. Public Relations Advertising

9. Creative Strategy and Creative Process
9.1. The Creative Team
9.2. What Makes Great Advertising?
9.3. Formulating Advertising Strategy
9.4. How Creativity Enhances Advertising?
9.5. What is Creativity?
9.6. The Role of Creativity in Advertising
9.7. Understanding Creativity Thinking
9.8. The Creativity Process
9.9. The Explorer Role: Gathering Information
9.10. The Artist Role: Developing and Implementing the Big Idea

10. Using Advertising Media
10.1. Managing the Advertising Production Process
10.2. The Radio Commercial Production Process
10.3. The Television Commercial Production Process
10.4. Producing Advertising for Digital Media
10.5. Using Print Media
10.6. The Digital Interactive Media
10.7. Out of Home & Exhibit Media

Management of advertising and promotion plan. This requires the study of several things
mentioned. Selling a commodity or service inevitably requires a promotion strategy and
planning of advertising even before production of a commodity starts. Advertising has certain
mechanics. Some of these detailed plans are concerned and decided by the management staff.
A large part of mechanics are carried out advertising agencies. These have their own limits or
accounts and handle the promotion and advertising.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. William E. Arens, Contemporary Advertising, International Edition, National Book
Foundation.
2. Thill, Dowell & Wood, Advertising Excellence, 5
th
Edition, McGrawHill, 1995.
3. Bovee, Courtland L. Advertising, Richard Irwin, 2
nd
Edition, 1986.
4. Kincaid William, Products, Services and Ideas, Macmillan, Latest Edition.
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MBA VI
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
PROJECT RESEARCH

BA (M) 662

3

COURSE OBJ ECTIVE

The purpose of this course is to create an understanding amongst the students to recognize a
problem, establish its premises, identify reasons, develop recommendations and presentation of
the report. This course has been placed in the eighth semester with an intention that by this
time the students have gone through all the required courses and have developed a knowledge
base that can be fully utilized and tested at this stage. It will help the student to get himself
ready to enter the practical life where these skills are extensively required and utilized.

One of the most important subjects relevant to project report writing is the research methods
which students have already studied in the sixth semester.

BROAD AREAS OF RESEARCH AND STUDY

The student should be given freedom to select any area where s/he feels comfortable and
confident to get information. Some broad areas have been identified as follows:
A. Organization, Management and Corporate Performance
B. Social and Public Interest
C. Market and Consumers
D. Project Feasibility

COURSE CONTENTS

This course on research and report writing consists of following topics:
1. The Format of the Report and its Contents
1.1. Title Page
1.2. Acknowledgement / Letter of Transmittal
1.3. Table of Contents
1.4. Introduction and Background
1.5. Main Text
1.6. Suggestions and Recommendations
1.7. Referencing and Bibliography
1.8. Footnotes
1.9. Figures, Diagrams, Sketches and Picture Referencing
1.10. Exhibits, Annexes and Appendices

2. Identification and Definition of Problem
2.1. Acquaintance with the Selected Area
2.2. Review of Literature, Interviews with Knowledgeable People
2.3. Identification of Problem
2.4. Review of Reports Written on Related Issue
2.5. Defining Problem

3. Research Methodology and Design
3.1. Identification of Variables and Development of their Linkages
3.2. Hypothesis/Hypotheses Development
3.3. Research Design and Instruments
3.4. Sampling, Measurement and Scaling
3.5. Data Collection, Analyses and Interpretation
3.6. Deductions

4. Market Research and Analyses

5. Financial Analyses

6. Organization and Management

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7. Presentation of Report
7.1. Outlining the Key Elements of Report
7.2. Initial Impression
7.3. Clarity in Thoughts and Ideas
7.4. Time Management
7.5. Language
7.6. Conclusion and Recommendations
7.7. Questions and Answers

APPROACH TOWARDS COURSE DELIVERING

For this course extensive counseling with students is required. It is proposed that the course
supervisor should provide an overview to the students about the knowledge and skills required
to prepare a high standard report. For this purpose a course outline is provided in the previous
section. The supervisor is expected to help the students at all stages of the report preparation
and presentation. It is also proposed that the course supervisor, for initial six to eight weeks,
should take classes helping students to recollect the knowledge they acquired earlier and refine
their thoughts wherever required.

Once the topics are selected and finalized by students, the course supervisor is required to give
them time either individually or in groups to discuss their issues and help them at various
stages of report preparation. Continuous counseling with the students is necessary to ensure
better quality of report.

SCHEDULE OF COMPLETION AND SUBMISSIONS

The Report is expected to be completed and submitted to the Examiner at the time of
Presentation. Report presentation by individual students will be required. The student is
expected to come fully prepared bringing the hard and soft copies of presentation.

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MBA VI
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
BANKING OPERATIONS & MANAGEMENT

BA (M) 682

3

COURSE OBJ ECTIVES

The Course aims at providing basic understanding about the practices in banking operations
and management in modern economies.

COURSE METHODOLOGY

The course will be conducted through lectures / discussions, article sessions, case studies and a
term project.

COURSE CONTENTS

The course will cover the following broad areas:

1. Formation of a Banking Company in Pakistan: Legal & other Requirements
2. Commercial Banking: Functions and Source of Funds in Relation to Legal, Economic and
Social Factors Involved
3. (Articles Presentation)
4. Banker Customer Relationship Bankers Duty to Secrecy.
5. KYC and Customers Accounts: Individual, Institutional and Corporate.
7. Negotiable and other Instruments: Promissory Notes, Bills of Exchange, Cheques,
Receipts, Bonds, Coupons, Dividend Warrants, Letters of Credit and Travelers Cheques
etc.
8. Payment and Collection of Cheques. Clearing and Transfers System.
9. Control of Credit.
11. Principles and Forms of Bank Lending
12. Securities for Bankers Advances
13. Interest Free Banking
14. Electronic Banking: Pros & Cons.
15. Management Structure of Banking Companies in Pakistan
16. Policy, Planning & Regulatory Controls in Banking
17. Concept of Good Corporate Governance in Banks.

Banking System in Pakistan. Banks, and Customers including different types of customers.
Cheques their payment, endorsement, clearing, and collections. Concept, and law of Negotiable
Instruments. Principles, and Forms of Lending. Security for loans, and advance. Letters of
Credit. Foreign Exchange, Interest, Free Banking. Foreign exchange Management of Banks.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Asrar H. Siddiqui, Practice and Law of Banking in Pakistan, 6
th
Edition, Royal Book
Company, Karachi, 1997.
2. Dr. Asrar H. Siddiqi, Practice & Law of Banking in Pakistan, 7
th
Edition, 2003, Royal
Book Company, Karachi.
3. Roger Le Roy Miller & David D. Van Hoose, Modern Money & Banking, 3
rd
Edition,
McGrawHill Book Co., Singapore.

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MBA VI
Course Title

Course Number

Credit
Hours
PROJECT APPRAISAL

BA (M) 683

3

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Basic Ideas of Projects
1.1. Main Features of Projects
1.2. Capital Budgeting, Importance and Difficulties
1.3. Project Development Cycle
1.4. Aspects of Appraisal
1.5. Objective of Investment Decision Making
1.6. Basic Consideration: Risk and Return

2. Market Appraisal
2.1. Information Required for Market and Demand Analysis
2.2. Secondary Source of Information
2.3. Market Survey
2.4. Demand Forecasting: Trend Projection Methods, Consumption
2.5. Level Method, Lend use Method

3. Technical Appraisal
3.1. Materials and Inputs: Raw Materials, Processed Industrial
3.2. Materials and Components, Auxiliary Materials and Factory
3.3. Supplies, Utilities
3.4. Production Technology
3.5. Plant Capacity
3.6. Location and Site
3.7. Machinery and Equipment, Structure and Civil Works
3.8. Project Charts and Layout, Work Schedules

4. Financial Aspects of Appraisal
4.1. Cost of Project and Means of Financing: Cost of Project, Major Components and
their Details
4.2. Means of Financing: Planning the Capital Structure of a New Company
4.3. Equity, Term Loans, Bridge Loan, Sponsors NonInterest Bearing Loans, Security
of Loans, Interest and Principal Repayments, Restrictive Covenants and Main
Contents of the Loan Agreements
4.4. Financial and Development Financial Institutions

5. Profitability: Financial Projections
5.1. Production Estimates, Production Capacity, Capacity Utilization and Sales
Estimates. Formulation of Assumptions for Financial Projections
5.2. Cost of Production: Materials, Labor, Utilities, Factory Overhead, Administrative,
Marketing, Financial and Other Expenses
5.3. Development of Different Schedules for Projected Income Statement and Balance
Sheet Based on Various Appraisal Factors Already Considered Above
5.4. Break Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis

6. Economic and Financial Appraisal Single Project
6.1. Measuring Cost and Benefits: Cash Inflows and Outflows
6.2. Internal Cash Flows, Operational Cash Flows and Terminal Cash Flows
6.3. Time Value of Money, Estimating and Appropriate Discount Rate
6.4. Future and Present Value of Single Cash Flow, Future and Present Value of and
Annuity, Discount Factors, Annuity Factors and Capital Recovery Factor
6.5. Present Value of an Uneven Series, Shorter Compounding Periods
6.6. Effective Versus Nominal Rate

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7. Cost Capital
7.1. A Central Concept in Financial Management
7.2. Linking the Investment and Financial Decisions
7.3. Cost of Different Sources of Finance

8. Project Selection Criteria
8.1. Project Criteria for Single Projects
8.2. Calculating Internal Rate of Return
8.3. Estimating Net Present Value
8.4. Calculating Benefit Cost Ratio
8.5. Other Project Appraisal Criterion

9. Preparation of Appraisal (Feasibility) Report

This course is designed to develop students theoretical knowledge and practical skills in
identification of investment opportunities, project preparation including the prefeasibility and
feasibility studies, and evaluating the project through systematic and objective analysis at
various stages of the project such as its formulation, implementation, postcompletion and its
lifecycle.

The preparation and evaluation of projects will be dealt separately for private sector and public
sector projects.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Steve Curry & J ohn Weiss, Project Analysis in Developing Countries, Latest Edition,
St. Martin Press Inc USA.
2. The World Bank, Guidelines for Calculating Financial and Economic Rates of
Return for DFC Projects, Washington D.C., USA, 1984.
3. Vincent Muro, Preparation of Project Feasibility Studies for Philippine Business
Enterprises, Manilla, Business Technology Corp.
4. J ohn E. Walsh J r., Preparing Feasibility Studies in Asia, Tokyo, Asian Productivity
Organization (APO).
5. Ch. Muhammad Hussain, Project Appraisal Monitoring & Evaluation Process,
Royal Book Co. Karachi.
6. Prasanna Chandra, Projects, Preparation, Appraisal, Budgeting and
Implementation, 2
nd
Edition, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore.

Complete MBA 3 Years Syllabus (Including Electives)

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